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• Getting more helpful tab completion prompts in bash?

  - by Rory McCann

  Let's say I have a directory with a few files in it like this: $ ls file1 file2 file3 And I want to do some tab completion in bash: $ cat file<tab> file1 file2 file3 I remember seeing someone doing tab completion and the shell bolded the next parts, so in this case, it would bold the 1, 2 and 3 of the filename so it'll look like this: file**1** file**2** file**3** which will tell you what you should type in next. I think this was a feature of zsh, but is there any way to get it in bash?

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• bash vs sh | What is the difference

  - by Saif Bechan

  In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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• Bash Script To Repair Directory and File Ownership

  - by ServerChecker

  My client had me deploy some folders out to a bunch of home directories for his customer websites. I did this with a Bash script, but it ended up using the root account permissions. How do I make a Bash script that takes each folder under /home/user (not hidden files or folders), gets the user and group ownership of that folder, and then does a chown -R {user}.{group} /home/user? The servers are running CentOS Linux.

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• Run bash script with command line arguments

  - by Trey Parkman

  I want to do /usr/bin/bash myscript.sh -args which, as it stands, runs the script but doesn't pass the args to it. I realize that the conventional syntax is simply ./myscript.sh -args but I'm curious as to what I need to do in order to call the script from bash explicitly.

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• Launching an application from Bash

  - by JBoy

  I'm right now busy with moving the first steps into Linux, i'm using a bash shell within a mac osx I see in all tutorials that in order to launch an application from the bash its necessary to cd to its directory and simply type the name of the app. This is exatly what i'm doing and it does not work (i have on my desktop a 'Eclipse' folder with the launcher icon in it): cd Desktop cd Eclipse Eclipse.app Why will this not work? I read everywhere that typing the name of the app its enough

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• How to load powershell profile from cygwin bash?

  - by Jon Erickson

  So in cygwin bash I am able to type "powershell" to bring me into a powershell prompt but it won't load my powershell profile.ps1 due to not being able to execute scripts, but I can't set the execution policy in this prompt... So I tried running the default powershell prompt (as administrator) and was able to set the execution policy to remote signed, but it doesn't affect the powershell within bash what am I missing?

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• Bash Shell Tutorials

  - by The Green Frog

  What are some good bash tutorials? I would like to learn more about the bash shells commands and how to use them.

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• How can I invoke a function in bash shell script

  - by sufery

  !/bin/bash one_func(){ echo 'abcd' } echo $(one_func) echo one_func the end I just wonder the distinction calling the function between $(one_function) and one_function in bash shell script. When I set the variable "PS1" in ~/.bashrc, I can't invoke the function by one_func e: export PS1="\n[\e[31m]\$(one_func)" it work export PS1="\n[\e[31m]one_func" it doesn't work

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• Bash if statement equal output from last command

  - by mYzk

  I am trying to equal something from last command with bash if statement: #!/bin/bash monit status if [ "status" != "error" ]; then echo -e "hostname\ttest\t0\t0" | /usr/sbin/send_nsca -H hostname -c /etc/send_nsca.cfg exit 1; fi Even if the monit status gives out status = online with all services it runs the echo command. I can not figure out how to make the if statement match the status of monit status output.

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• Bash command to focus a specific window.

  - by D Connors

  Is there a way, in bash command line, to give focus to a specific window of a running process. Assume I know the process' name, number, and anything else I need. For instance, if I have a single instance of Firefox running, but it's minimized (or there's some other window on top of it). I need a bash command that brings up and gives focus to the Firefox window, by making it the active window. Thanks

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• (Ubuntu) setuid bash doesn't work

  - by ???

  Here is the code: (root:) # mkdir /test # cp /bin/bash /test/sbash # chmod a+s /test/sbash (user1:) $ cd /test $ ./sbash $ mkdir trycreate mkdir: cannot create directory `trycreate': Permission denied And bash scripts with setuid bit set not work, either. By the way, my setuid perl script works: test.pl: (with setuid bit set, owner=root) #!/usr/bin/perl mkdir('/test/tryperlcreate') or die 'failed'; execute test.pl by user1 will create the directory owned by root.

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• Error running bash script - No matching processes

  - by Bashity

  I am trying to kill Xcode by running killall Xcode.app, which works normally when I run it through terminal. However, if I put it into a bash script that I keep on my Desktop called re_xcode, the script will output the following error. Please can you tell me where I am going wrong? No matching processes belonging to you were found The file /Users/Max/Desktop/Applications/Xcode.app does not exist. #!/bin/bash killall Xcode.app open ./Applications/Xcode.app

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• What is the difference between bash and sh

  - by Saif Bechan

  In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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• Comments in a multi-line bash command

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  This single-command BASH script file is difficult to understand, so I want to write a comment for each of the actions: grep -R "%" values* \ | sed -e "s/%/\n%/" \ | grep "%" \ | grep -v " % " \ | grep -v " %<" \ | grep -v "%s" \ | grep -v "%d" \ | grep -v "%1$s" I would hate having to duplicate lines, or having each comment far away from the line it applies to. But at the same time BASH does not seem to allow "in-line" comments. Any elegant way to solve this problem?

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• Problem with bash scripting

  - by eple

  Hi. I terrible with bash scripting, and need some help with the following: #!/bin/bash if [ -e Pretty* ];then ncftpput -R -DD -v -u xbmc -p xbmc 192.168.1.100 /home/xbmc/TV/Pretty_Little_Liars/ Pretty* else echo "No new folders" fi find -depth -type d -empty -exec rmdir {} \; Problem here is the ncftpput line.. if I just do a simple [ echo "working" ] instead, everything is OK, but when I try the ncftpput-line it just gives me [ line 5: [: too many arguments ] the ncftpput command alone works fine.. Any ideas?

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• running bash scripts in php

  - by HDawg

  I have two computers. On the first computer I have apache running with all my web code. On the second computer I have large amounts of data stored with a retrieval script (the script usually takes hours to run). I am essentially creating a web UI to access this data without any time delay. so I call: exec("bash initial.bash"); this is a driver script that is in my Apache folder. It calls the script on the other computer. calling: ssh otherMachine temp.bash& this script invokes the data retrieval script on the second computer. If I call initial.bash in the terminal, everything works smoothly and successfully, but if I call it in my PHP file, then all my commands in initial.bash run, with the exception of ssh otherMachine temp.bash&. I put the & at the end of that, so that temp.bash will run in the background, since it does take a few hours to complete. I am not sure why the nested script is not running when invoked by Apache. Is there a better alternative than using exec or shell_exec to call a script, which ultimately calls another script. The reason I don't call a script on the second machine directly is because of the time it takes the program to run. Shell_exec does not render the php page until the script is complete.

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• Securing bash scripts

  - by minnur

  Hi There, Does anybody know what is the best way to secure bash scripts. I have a script which creates database and source code backup and ftp it to other server. And login/password for destination ftp are plain text. I need somehow encrypt it or hide it in case of website hacking. Or should i create script written on C to create bash file then run it and delete ? Thanks. Thanks for the answers and I am sorry, i wasn't clear enough. I would like to clarify my question in the following items. We are storing the data in Rackspace Cloud files. We can't pull as Cloud files doesn't allow you run a script. We can write the script to run on Server A and pull FTP and MySQL data on servers B, C, D, etc. And we want to protect the passwords on A from the situation where A is hacked. Can we compile our script file to hide them? Thanks

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• Can't log in via SSH to any accounts set to use /bin/bash as a default shell

  - by Gui Ambros

  I'm trying to install bash as the default shell on a ARM Linux running on an embedded device (Synology DS212+ NAS). But there's something really wrong, and I can't figure out what it is. Symptoms: 1) Root has /bin/bash as default shell, and can log in normally via SSH: $ grep root /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash $ ssh root@NAS root@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:06:56 2012 from desktop # 2) joeuser has /bin/bash as default shell, and receives "Permission denied" when trying to log in via SSH: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/bash $ ssh joeuser@localhost joeuser@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:07:22 2012 from desktop Permission denied, please try again. Connection to localhost closed. 3) changing joeuser's shell back to /bin/sh: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/sh $ ssh joeuser@localhost Last login: Sun Dec 16 15:50:52 2012 from localhost $ To make things even more strange, I can log in as joeuser using /bin/bash using the serial console (!). Also a su - joeuser as root works fine, so the bash binary itself is working fine. In an act of despair, I changed joeuser's uid to 0 on /etc/passwd, but also didn't work, so it doesn't seem to be anything permission related. Seems that bash is doing some extra checking that sshd didn't like, and blocking the connections for non-root users. Maybe some sort of sanity checking - or terminal emulation - that is triggering the SIGCHLD, but only when called via ssh. I already went through every single item on sshd_config, and also put SSHD in debug mode, but didn't find anything strange. Here's my /etc/ssh/sshd_config: LogLevel DEBUG LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys ChallengeResponseAuthentication no UsePAM yes AllowTcpForwarding no ChrootDirectory none Subsystem sftp internal-sftp -f DAEMON -u 000 And here's the output from /usr/syno/sbin/sshd -d, showing the failed attempt of joeuser trying to log in, with /bin/bash as the shell: debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type ECDSA debug1: private host key: #2 type 3 ECDSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/syno/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' Set /proc/self/oom_adj from 0 to -17 debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 6 out 6 newsock 6 pipe -1 sock 9 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 4, 4 Connection from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 debug1: HPN Disabled: 0, HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 SSH: Server;Ltype: Version;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Protocol: 2.0;Client: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 1024/100 debug1: MYFLAG IS 1 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: AUTH STATE IS 0 debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none SSH: Server;Ltype: Kex;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Enc: aes128-ctr;MAC: hmac-md5;Comp: none debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method none SSH: Server;Ltype: Authname;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Name: joeuser debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: PAM: initializing for "joeuser" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "localhost" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method password debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted password for joeuser from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: joeuser has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: PAM: establishing credentials User child is on pid 9129 debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 65536 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_by_tty: session 0 tty /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 Received disconnect from 127.0.0.1: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: closing session debug1: PAM: deleting credentials Here you have the full output of sshd -dd, together with ssh -vv. Bash: # bash --version GNU bash, version 3.2.49(1)-release (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. The bash binary was cross compiled from source. I also tried using a pre-compiled binary from the Optware distribution, but had the exact same problem. I checked for missing shared libraries using objdump -x, but they're all there. Any ideas what could be causing this "Permission denied, please try again."? I'm almost diving in the bash source code to investigate, but trying to avoid hours chasing something that may be silly.

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• bash script with permanent ssh connection

  - by samuelf

  I use a bash script which runs /usr/bin/ssh -f -N -T -L8888:127.0.0.1:3306 [email protected] However, when I run the bash script, it waits.. I see the connection coming up but the script doesn't exit.. it's like it's waiting for the SSH process to finish, because when I manually kill it the bash script finishes as well. Any ideas how to resolve this? UPDATE: I have croned this script.. and the cron process is the one that becomes a zombie.. the actual scripts runs just fine, sorry about that, with ps -auxf I get: root 597 0.0 0.7 2372 912 ? Ss Jul12 0:00 cron root 2595 0.0 0.8 2552 1064 ? S 02:09 0:00 \_ CRON 1001 2597 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? Zs 02:09 0:00 \_ [sh] <defunct> 1001 2603 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? Z 02:09 0:00 \_ [cron] <defunct> and when I kill the ssh the defuncts disappear.. why would they become defunct?

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• bash code in rc.local not excuting after bootup

  - by mrTomahawk

  Does anyone know why a system would not execute the script code within rc.local on bootup? I have a post configuration bash script that I want to run after the initial install of VMware ESX (Red Hat), and for some reason it doesn't seem to execute. I have the setup to log its start of execution and even its progress so that I can see how far it gets in case it fails at some point, but even when I look at that log, I am finding that didn't even started the execution of the script code. I already checked to see that script has execution permissions (755), what else should I be looking at? Here is the first few lines of my code: #!/bin/sh echo >> /tmp/configLog "" echo >> /tmp/configLog "Entering maintenance mode"

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• Bash script dosn't open in terminal on reboot

  - by twigg

  Quick overview, I have created a script that reboots the laptop after x amount of time and x amount of cycles. I have added the script to the start-up applications and the script does seem to be running in the background but never opens a terminal Window. Am I missing something? Adding Code (this is saved in a file called countdown.sh) #!/bin/bash # check if passed.txt exists if it does, send to soak test if [ -f passed.txt ]; then echo reboot has passed $nol cycles sleep 5; echo Starting soak tests sleep 5; rm testlog.txt; rm passed.txt; phoronix-test-suite run quick-test exit 0; fi # check if file testlog.txt exists if not create it if [ ! -f testlog.txt ]; then echo >> testlog.txt; fi # read reboot file to see how many loops have been completed exec < testlog.txt nol=0 while read line do nol=`expr $nol + 1` done # start the countdown, x is time limit let x=10; while [ $x -gt 0 ]; do clear; figlet "Rebooting in..."; figlet $x; let x-=1; sleep 1; done; echo reboot success $nol >> testlog.txt; shutdown -r now; # set how many times the script should shutdown the laptop reboot_count=1 # if number of reboots matches nol's then stop the script # create a new text file called passed.txt if [ "$nol" == "$reboot_count" ]; then echo reboot passed $nol cycles >> passed.txt; fi

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• Running a bash script from an HTML link or button

  - by Andrew

  I have a webserver that's hosting lots of images. I want the client to be able to press a button or a link, which will run a bash script, which will create a video based on all these pictures. The script I'm trying to run is this: #!/bin/bash # cd to the directory cd /var/www/gallery # use ffmpeg to make video ffmpeg -pattern_type glob -i 'img-*jpg' -r 1 video.mp4 # Take the first file in the directory and name it video.mp4.jpg (for thumbnail) cp `ls | sort -n | head -1` video.mp4.jpg The script is located on the server. So when the client clicks the link or button, the script will run, and the video is created. I've tried both solutions listed here but I can't seem to get it to work. I have php installed on my server.

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• Extracting shell script from parameterised Hudson job

  - by Jonik

  I have a parameterised Hudson job, used for some AWS deployment stuff, which in one build step runs certain shell commands. However, that script has become sufficiently complicated that I want to "extract" it from Hudson to a separate script file, so that it can easily be versioned properly. The Hudson job would then simply update from VCS and execute the external script file. My main question is about passing parameters to the script. I have a Hudson parameter named AMI_ID and a few others. The script references those params as if they were environment variables: echo "Using AMI $AMI_ID and type $TYPE" Now, this works fine inside Hudson, but not if Hudson calls an external script. Could I somehow make Hudson set the params as environment variables so that I don't need to change the script? Or is my best option to alter the script to take command line parameters (and possibly assign those to named variables for readability: ami_id=$1; type=$2; ... )? I tried something like this but the script doesn't get correctly replaced values: export AMI_ID=$AMI_ID export TYPE=$TYPE external-script.sh # this tries to use e.g. $AMI_ID Bonus question: when the script is inside Hudson, the "console output" will contain both the executed commands and their output. This is extremely useful for debugging when something goes wrong with a build! For example, here the line starting with "+" is part of the script and the following line its output: + ec2-associate-address -K pk.pem -C cert.pem 77.125.116.139 -i i-aa3487fd ADDRESS 77.125.116.139 i-aa3487fd When calling an external script, Hudson output will only contain the latter line, making debugging harder. I could cat the script file to stdout before running it, but that's not optimal either. In effect, I'd like a kind of DOS-style "echo on" for the script which I'm calling from Hudson - anyone know a trick to achieve this?

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• How do I write a bash script to restart a process if it dies?

  - by Tom

  I have a python script that'll be checking a queue and performing an action on each item: # checkqueue.py while True: check_queue() do_something() How do I write a bash script that will check if it's running, and if not, start it. Roughly the following pseudo code (or maybe it should do something like ps | grep?): # keepalivescript.sh if processidfile exists: if processid is running: exit, all ok run checkqueue.py write processid to processidfile I'll call that from a crontab: # crontab */5 * * * * /path/to/keepalivescript.sh Thanks in advance.

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• Looking for a user suggestion script

  - by Jamison

  I'm looking for a script that would easily fit or be customized to work as a suggestion script where users can submit suggestions anonymously and have them be displayed on one page and either upvoted or downvoted like digg or reddit without user accounts. Basically i want users to be able to submit an idea and the other users like or dislike it and no one is track for voting, commenting or submitting.

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