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• Ububtu server 12.04 auto installation freezes at kickseeding running if ks.cfg has post scripts

  - by john206

  I'm trying to make a custom Ubuntu Server iso file. Kickstart file (ks.cfg) runs smooth when there is no %post in the file and Ubuntu installs correctly with ks configuration. Installation finishes installing base, apt, grub and It echos: Kickseed Running... and it freezes @ 0% I thought may be apt-get update doesnt work in ks file, I tried to install other apps like apache2 but no luck I have created dozen iso images and installed them in Virtual Box.I have been googling for 3 days and checked out ubuntu forums but haven't figured out the issue. I appreciate your help. This is how I made the iso image. My ks.file and txt.cfg files located in isolinux directory: root@ubuntu:/home/work mount -o loop ubuntu-12.04-amd64.iso original-iso/ rsync -a original-iso/ custom-iso/ cp ks.cfg custom-iso/isolinux/ cp txt.cfg custom-iso/isolinux/ chmod -R 777 custom-iso/ #Creating Iso image mkisofs -D -r -V “$IMAGE_NAME” -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ~/ubuntu-12.04-alternate-custom-amd64.iso custom-iso/ ks.cfg #Generated by Kickstart Configurator #platform=AMD64 or Intel EM64T #System language lang en_US #Language modules to install langsupport en_US #System keyboard keyboard us #System mouse mouse #System timezone timezone America/Los_Angeles #Root password rootpw --iscrypted somethingsomething #Initial user user ubuntu --fullname "ubuntu" --iscrypted --password somethingsomething. #Reboot after installation reboot #Use text mode install text #Install OS instead of upgrade install #Use CDROM installation media cdrom #System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr #Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr yes #Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel #Disk partitioning information part /boot --size 128 --fstype=ext3 --asprimary part / --size 512 --fstype=ext3 --asprimary part swap --size 512 part /tmp --size 512 --fstype=ext3 part /var --size 512 --fstype=ext3 part /usr --size 4096 --fstype=ext3 part /home --size 2048 --fstype=ext3 #System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 #Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 #Firewall configuration firewall --disabled --http --ftp --ssh #X Window System configuration information xconfig --depth=32 --resolution=1024x768 --defaultdesktop=GNOME %post apt-get update mkdir /home/user txt.cfg default autoinstall label autoinstall menu label ^Install Custom Ubuntu Server kernel /install/vmlinuz append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg -- label install menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server kernel /install/vmlinuz append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet -- label cloud menu label ^Multiple server install with MAAS kernel /install/vmlinuz append modules=maas-enlist-udeb vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet -- label check menu label ^Check disc for defects kernel /install/vmlinuz append MENU=/bin/cdrom-checker-menu vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet -- label memtest menu label Test ^memory kernel /install/mt86plus label hd menu label ^Boot from first hard disk localboot 0x80

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• How to use bzdiff to find difference between 2 bzipped files with diff -I option?

  - by englebip

  I'm trying to do a diff on MySQL dumps (created with mysqldump and piped to bzip2), to see if there are changes between consecutive dumps. The followings are the tails of 2 dumps: tmp1: /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2011-03-11 1:06:50 tmp2: /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2011-03-11 0:40:11 When I bzdiff their bzipped version: $ bzdiff tmp?.bz2 10c10 < -- Dump completed on 2011-03-11 1:06:50 --- > -- Dump completed on 2011-03-11 0:40:11 According to the manual of bzdiff, any option passed on to bzdiff is passed on to diff. I therefore looked at the -I option that allows to define a regexp; lines matching it are ignored in the diff. When I then try: $ bzdiff -I'Dump' tmp1.bz2 tmp2.bz2 I get an empty diff. I would like to match as much as possible of the "Dump completed" line, though, but when I then try: $ bzdiff -I'Dump completed' tmp1.bz2 tmp2.bz2 diff: extra operand `/tmp/bzdiff.miCJEvX9E8' diff: Try `diff --help' for more information. Same thing happens for some variations: $ bzdiff '-IDump completed' tmp1.bz2 tmp2.bz2 $ bzdiff '-I"Dump completed"' tmp1.bz2 tmp2.bz2 $ bzdiff -'"IDump completed"' tmp1.bz2 tmp2.bz2 If I diff the un-bzipped files there is no problem: $diff -I'^[-][-] Dump completed on' tmp1 tmp2 gives also an empty diff. bzdiff is a shell script usually placed in /bin/bzdiff. Essentially, it parses the command options and passes them on to diff as follows: OPTIONS= FILES= for ARG do case "$ARG" in -*) OPTIONS="$OPTIONS $ARG";; *) if test -f "$ARG"; then FILES="$FILES $ARG" else echo "${prog}: $ARG not found or not a regular file" exit 1 fi ;; esac done [...] bzip2 -cdfq "$1" | $comp $OPTIONS - "$tmp" I think the problem stems from escaping the spaces in the passing of $OPTIONS to diff, but I couldn't figure out how to get it interpreted correctly. Any ideas? EDIT @DerfK: Good point with the ., I had forgotten about them... I tried the suggestion with the multiple level of quotes, but that is still not recognized: $ bzdiff "-I'\"Dump.completed.on\"'" tmp1.bz2 tmp2.bz2 diff: extra operand `/tmp/bzdiff.Di7RtihGGL'

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• Error 80073701 when installing Windows 7 Service Pack 1

  - by Wagner Maestrelli

  I tried to install the Windows 7 Service Pack 1 using Windows Update and I got an error (code 80073701 - unknown error). I tried it again, same thing. Rebooted and tried again, same error. Before I tried to install the SP1 I had installed all the previous updates. I have Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bits. Has anyone gone through the same problem? Any ideas of what might be happening? Thanks! UPDATE: I installed the System Update Readiness Tool. Then, I tried to install the SP1 again, but the installation failed again with the same error. As I thought I was running out of options, I downloaded the SP1 package (500+ MB) and tried to install manually. Before that, I reinstalled the SUR Update. Well, the manual installation of the SP1 failed again. Then I learned about the c:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CheckSUR.log file (thanks Patches!). I checked it out. As I installed the SUR Update multiple times, the older logs are kept in the c:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CheckSUR.persist.log file. In the first time the SUR update was installed there was an error, which is said to have been fixed. In the subsequent logs, no errors were detected. The log with the error: ================================= Checking System Update Readiness. Binary Version 6.1.7600.20593 Package Version 7.0 2010-03-19 09:57 Checking Windows Servicing Packages Checking Package Manifests and Catalogs (f) CBS MUM Corrupt 0x800B0100 servicing\Packages\Microsoft-Windows-Client-LanguagePack-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~pt-BR~6.1.7600.16385.mum servicing\Packages\Microsoft-Windows-Client-LanguagePack-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~pt-BR~6.1.7600.16385.cat Package manifest cannot be validated by the corresponding catalog (fix) CBS MUM Corrupt CBS File Replaced Microsoft-Windows-Client-LanguagePack-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~pt-BR~6.1.7600.16385.mum from Cabinet: C:\Windows\CheckSur\v1.0\windows6.1-rtm-client-cab3-x86.cab. (fix) CBS Paired File CBS File also Replaced Microsoft-Windows-Client-LanguagePack-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~pt-BR~6.1.7600.16385.cat from Cabinet: C:\Windows\CheckSur\v1.0\windows6.1-rtm-client-cab3-x86.cab. Checking Package Watchlist Checking Component Watchlist Checking Packages Checking Component Store Summary: Seconds executed: 224 Found 1 errors Fixed 1 errors CBS MUM Corrupt Total count: 1 Fixed: CBS MUM Corrupt. Total count: 1 Fixed: CBS Paired File. Total count: 1 It seems it has something to do with the Brazilian Portuguese Language Pack, which happens to be my native language. Problem is I can't uninstall the language pack since it is my system default language. And I haven't found any place to download it so I could reinstall it manually. Well, any ideas? Thanks!

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• Windows Server 2003 IPSec Tunnel Connected, But Not Working (Possibly NAT/RRAS Related)

  - by Kevinoid

  Configuration I have setup a "raw" IPSec tunnel between a Windows Server 2003 (SBS) machine and a Netgear FVG318 according to the instructions in Microsoft KB816514. The configuration is as follows (using the same conventions as the article): NetA | SBS2003 | FVG318 | NetB 10.0.0.0/24 | 216.x.x.x | 69.y.y.y | 10.0.254.0/24 Both the Main Mode and Quick Mode Security Associations are successfully completed and appear in the IP Security Monitor. I am also able to ping the SBS2003 server on its private address from any computer on NetB. The Problem Any traffic sent from a computer on NetA to NetB, or from SBS2003 to NetB (excluding ICMP Ping responses), is sent out on the public network interface outside the IPSec tunnel (no encryption or header authentication, as if the tunnel were not there). Pings sent from a computer on NetB to a computer on NetA successfully reach computers on NetA, but the responses are silently discarded by SBS2003 (they do not go out in the clear and do not generate any encrypted traffic). Possible Solutions Incorrect Configuration I could have mistyped something, somewhere, or KB816514 could be incorrect in some way. I have tried very hard to eliminate the first option. Have re-created the configuration several times, tried tweaking and adjusting all the settings I could without success (most prevent the SA from being established). NAT/RRAS I have seen multiple posts elsewhere suggesting that this could be due to interaction between NAT and the IPSec filters. Possibly the NetA private addresses get rewritten to 216.x.x.x before being compared with the Quick Mode IPSec filters and don't get tunneled because of the mismatch. In fact, The Cable Guy article from June 2005 "TCP/IP Packet Processing Paths" suggests that this is the case, (see step 2 and 4 of the Transit Traffic path). If this is the case, is there a way to exclude NetA-NetB traffic from NAT? Any thoughts, ideas, suggestions, and/or comments are appreciated. Update (2011-06-26) After failing to solve the problem, I resorted to paid Microsoft support. They were unable to solve the problem. Since then I have implemented a solution based on Linux that is working quite well. I will attempt to evaluate any proposed answers as best I can, but current configurations and time constraints will make this slow...

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• How to improve this bash shell script for turning hardlinks into symlinks?

  - by MountainX

  This shell script is mostly the work of other people. It has gone through several iterations, and I have tweaked it slightly while also trying to fully understand how it works. I think I understand it now, but I don't have confidence to significantly alter it on my own and risk losing data when I run the altered version. So I would appreciate some expert guidance on how to improve this script. The changes I am seeking are: make it even more robust to any strange file names, if possible. It currently handles spaces in file names, but not newlines. I can live with that (because I try to find any file names with newlines and get rid of them). make it more intelligent about which file gets retained as the actual inode content and which file(s) become sym links. I would like to be able to choose to retain the file that is either a) the shortest path, b) the longest path or c) has the filename with the most alpha characters (which will probably be the most descriptive name). allow it to read the directories to process either from parameters passed in or from a file. optionally, write a long of all changes and/or all files not processed. Of all of these, #2 is the most important for me right now. I need to process some files with it and I need to improve the way it chooses which files to turn into symlinks. (I tried using things like the find option -depth without success.) Here's the current script: #!/bin/bash # clean up known problematic files first. ## find /home -type f -wholename '*Icon* ## *' -exec rm '{}' \; # Configure script environment # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ set -o nounset dir='/SOME/PATH/HERE/' # For each path which has multiple links # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ # (except ones containing newline) last_inode= while IFS= read -r path_info do #echo "DEBUG: path_info: '$path_info'" inode=${path_info%%:*} path=${path_info#*:} if [[ $last_inode != $inode ]]; then last_inode=$inode path_to_keep=$path else printf "ln -s\t'$path_to_keep'\t'$path'\n" rm "$path" ln -s "$path_to_keep" "$path" fi done < <( find "$dir" -type f -links +1 ! -wholename '* *' -printf '%i:%p\n' | sort --field-separator=: ) # Warn about any excluded files # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ buf=$( find "$dir" -type f -links +1 -path '* *' ) if [[ $buf != '' ]]; then echo 'Some files not processed because their paths contained newline(s):'$'\n'"$buf" fi exit 0

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• IIS6 Virtual Directory 500 Error on Remote Share

  - by David

  We have our servers at the server farm in a domain. Let's call it LIVE. Our developer computers live in a completely separate corporate domain, miles and miles away. Let's call it CORP. We have a large central storage unit (unix) that houses images and other media needed by many webservers in the server farm. The IIS application pools run as (let's say) LIVE\MediaUser and use those credentials to connect to a central storage share as a virtual directory, retrieve the images, and serve them as if they were local on each server. The problem is in development. On my development machine. I log in as CORP\MyName. My IIS 6 application pool runs as Network Service. I can't run it as a user from the LIVE domain because my machine isn't (and can not be) joined to that domain. I try to create a virtual directory, point it to the same network directory, click Connect As, uncheck the "Always use the authenticated user's credentials when validating access to the network directory" checkbox so that I can enter the login info, enter the credentails for LIVE\MediaUser, click OK, verify the password, etc. This doesn't work. I get "HTTP Error 500 - Internal server error" from IIS. The IIS log file reports sc-status = 500, sc-substatus = 16, and sc-win32-status = 1326. The documentation says this means "UNC authorization credentials are incorrect" and the Win32 status means "Logon failure: unknown user name or bad password." This would be all and good if it were anywhere close to accurate. I double- and trouble-checked it. Tried multiple known good logins. The IIS manager allows me to view the file tree in its window, it's only the browser that kicks me out. I even tried going to the virtual directory's Directory Security tab, and under Authentication and Access Control, I tried using the same LIVE domain username for the anonymous access credential. No luck. I'm not trying to run any ASP, ASP.NET, or other dynamic anything out of the virtual directory. I just want IIS to be able to load static images, css, and js files. If anyone has some bright ideas I would be most appreciative!

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• OS X Snow Leopard 10.6 Refuses to Load Websites the first time intermittently

  - by Brandon

  Many times when I am browsing the web, Snow Leopard will sit and load a site for 20 seconds or more, until it times out and says it cannot be displayed. If I refresh, it loads RIGHT away, every time. The issue is intermittent but happens from once every couple of days to a few times a day. So the long and short of it is this: Aluminum MacBook (Non-Pro) 2.4GHz Core2Duo, 4GB DDR3 I am using 10.6.6 but I have had this issue since 10.6.0 It happens in Firefox, Chrome, and Safari I have flushed my DNS (using the command 'blablabla flush') I am using custom DNS servers which I hoped would fix it but it had no effect* I am running Apache currently but haven't been for most of the time I've reformatted multiple times, always experiencing the issue I am on Cox cable internet, with a Motorola Surfboard & a Belkin F6D4230-4 v1 (Pre?) N wireless router. I've put the router in G only & N only & G+N to no effect It seems to be domain dependant as I can sometimes load the Google cache right away, and sometimes other sites will load but Google will refuse My Powerbook G4 with Leopard, other Windows XP laptops, & my wired Win7 desktop do not suffer from the issue. *I recently started using these to escape the awful Cox redirect page on timeouts I'm almost positive the issue has happened on other networks but I can't recall a specific instance (I have a terrible memory). The problem is intermittent and fixable enough (I just have to wait until it times out and hit refresh one time) but incredibly annoying since I'm constantly reading documentation from a large variety of sites. EDIT: To clarify, this happens with ALL sites, not only specific sites. I haven't been able to detect any pattern to the failures, but one day Google.com will refuse to load while reddit.com will, and the next day vice versa. Keep in mind that waiting for a timeout and hitting refresh loads the page right away, every time. If I don't wait for the timeout, opening more links, hitting refresh, and clicking the link a billion times have no effect. It seems to be domain neutral, affecting sites seemingly at random. It doesn't seem to have anything to do with connection inactivity either, because I will be SSHed into different servers, uploading files, browsing, downloading, etc, and it will just quit loading Jquery.com (for example) until I sit and wait for a timeout. /EDIT This is my last resort. Please, someone, tell me what is happening. Thank you.

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• Persistent Issues on small business network using Cisco 871W and Catalyst Express 500

  - by Ben Campbell

  Being the most qualified (read: still not qualified) to solve our persistant network issues, I've turned to serverfault for guidance. I've done some searching, reading related documentation on cisco.com and tried a bit of troubleshooting. Here is the config: 100mb synchronous connection from a business internet provider (tested multiple times at 100meg at the source) Cisco 871W wireless point & router is where the WAN connection starts (this serves all our wireless). The only wired connection in the 871W is the Catalyst switch listed below. Cisco Catalyst Express 500 (24TT) is where all the wired connections terminate. About 20 Windows workstations and servers (AD/Webservers only). Some services in EC2 including mail and other web servers/apps. I've been TOLD cabling internally should be gigabit-ready. Here are the problems: generally slow download rates from the internet to the desktop/laptop frequent "page cannot be displayed" errors in browsers-sometimes 3 or 4 reloads are necessary... often times CSS wont load or other content requiring the browser to connect to a different server. slow speed within the LAN from workstation to workstation copying files. I would expect extremely fast data transfer workstation to workstation / server to workstation in this simple network. Several things I need to admit: I'm not primarily a network guy. Funding is relatively low, I need to be the guy that finds the solution. I understand most of the terminology and most of the technology. Implementation is where I fail due to lack of experience. Getting to the point: I'm wondering whether experienced network admins think that our small network should be sufficiently served with our current hardware if configured properly... or if we should purchase new equipment and start fresh? If starting fresh is the plan, whatever that new equipment may be is a likely different question entirely. If I haven't provided enough information, I will happily do some troubleshooting and update with the results. I have experience using wireshark and some other tools. Please let me know what you think would be most helpful and thanks in advance. EDIT: I forgot to add that the Cisco applicance will not finish loading the SDM Express console. It hangs every time at the "populating modules... DHCP". It eventually crashes and closes. I've rebooted the hardware and this still happens.

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• Slow Windows Explorer on Windows 7

  - by MadBoy

  I have Laptop with i7 (4 cores), 8GB ram and SSD OCZ Vertex 3 MaxIOPS which in testing that I did just now does 400mb/s+ read/write. However the responsiveness of Windows Explorer is far from being perfect. Opening up Computer, Documents, going into folders is very slow (1-5seconds). I don't have any viruses or spyware and I have tried changing properties to optimize view for General Items. I tried disabling Search Indexer but it made search in Outlook 2010 crawl and didn't bring any other effect. Even double clicking on file takes some time to open things up (like clicking a Word document). I don't have any drives mapped, my computer is not joined to domain. I have multiple VPN connections that I connect to but they all have disabled default gateways. I tried using CC Cleaner or some Windows 7 Tweaks app to disable some things. I am power user using Visual Studio, Tortoise SVN and other developer/administration apps. Any non obvious ideas? Edit: So I've been trying to pinpoint where the issue comes from and it seems that straight after reboot Windows Explorer opens very fast, when I load 3-4 programs (Royal TS, Visual Studio, Outlook) it's noticeably slower and the more programs I have it gets worse. After I start closing programs it starts working better and if I leave 2 open it's fast again. I tried doing some research with DiskMon and other programs from sysinternals but couldn't find anything suspicious. Below are stats during normal usage with a lots of programs open: - Ram usage with a lot of programs open and no swap file (i disabled it for testing): 6.95GB - CPU usage: 15%, none of the cores takes more then 50% (I have VS 2010 open x 4) HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Benchmark Test capacity: full Read transfer rate Transfer Rate Minimum : 363.9 MB/s Transfer Rate Maximum : 505.5 MB/s Transfer Rate Average : Access Time : Burst Rate : CPU Usage : HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI File Benchmark Drive C: Transfer rate test File Size: 500 MB Sequential read 484102 KB/s Sequential write 444714 KB/s Random read 7779 IOPS Random write 16888 IOPS Random read (queue depth = 32) 73007 IOPS Random write (queue depth = 32) 69790 IOPS HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Random Access Test capacity: full Read test Transfer size operations / sec avg. access time max. access time avg. speed 512 bytes 3260 IOPS 0.306 ms 2.106 ms 1.592 MB/s 4 KB 4161 IOPS 0.240 ms 2.006 ms 16.256 MB/s 64 KB 2382 IOPS 0.419 ms 2.367 ms 148.934 MB/s 1 MB 449 IOPS 2.225 ms 4.197 ms 449.407 MB/s Random 809 IOPS 1.235 ms 6.551 ms 410.527 MB/s HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Extra Tests Test capacity: full Random seek 3975 IOPS 0.252 ms 1.941 MB/s Random seek 4 KB 4245 IOPS 0.236 ms 16.583 MB/s Butterfly seek 4086 IOPS 0.245 ms 1.995 MB/s Random seek / size 64 KB 3812 IOPS 0.262 ms 58.606 MB/s Random seek / size 8 MB 120 IOPS 8.348 ms 485.737 MB/s Sequential outer 4524 IOPS 0.221 ms 282.721 MB/s Sequential middle 4429 IOPS 0.226 ms 276.818 MB/s Sequential inner 5504 IOPS 0.182 ms 344.000 MB/s Burst rate 4472 IOPS 0.224 ms 279.475 MB/s

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• Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

  - by Mark

  I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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• Linux Mint 14 severe overheating

  - by agvares

  I've tried switching to Mint (it was Mint 12) about 6 months ago, but failed to do it due to enormous overheating which made it virtually impossible to run any applications more complex than Gedit. Time had passed, and now I'm back again with Mint 14, but feeling way more determined. What I face are the following issues: 1) Great overheating (and by great I mean that just by doing nothing my CPU temp is floating around 70-75 C, which I find a lot) 2) Running multiple applications (let's say Chrome, Skype and Pidgin) results in critical overheating and immediate shutdown of the system 3) Due to the stuff listed above, my battery drains in about 10-15 minutes, pretty much turning my laptop into a crippled desktop machine I've got a HP-dv6 laptop (i7, 6gb RAM, dual graphics) Here's the output of lspci: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b5) 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b5) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b5) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Whistler XT [AMD Radeon HD 6700M Series] 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) 0d:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01) 13:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5209 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01) 19:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04) what i've tried to do already: 1) I've edited my grub file to add some "splash" arguments there 2) Installed jupiter and powertop 3) Tried to upgrade to newer kernels (up to 3.8), btw running anything newer than 3.5 results in both resolution and wi-fi detection fail 4) Read lots of forum threads devoted to the topic So, my question is simple: What else might I do to become finally able to use Mint as my default OS without the risk of being burned alive by the CPU heat?

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• Looking for a fiber optic "switch" or "router" for home use

  - by Shrout1

  The gist of my question: What is a "fiber optic" switch called? I.E. a layer 2 ethernet switch that uses fiber TX and RX connections and sends layer 2 network traffic between the fiber strands that are connected. Can someone purchase a dedicated fiber switch that does not have copper ethernet ports? What is the current average price of a device like this? Not necessarily looking for product endorsements, just information Might not make sense to go this route if it is too cost prohibitive What type of fiber connector is used for terminating a fiber strand into a jack on the wall? Can fiber be "patched" using two jacks and a "patch" cable? Is signal loss a concern with the longest runs at 100-200ft, a patch cable and media converters? The full story: My parents had unterminated fiber optic cable and terminated Cat5e run throughout their home when it was built in 2004. 10 years later the Cat5e isn't providing the throughput that my father needs to accomplish multiple streams of HD and fast system backups throughout the house. He can't reach gigabit speeds across the distance of the Cat5e runs. We are both interested in terminating the fiber connections and using them as high speed "backbones" to copper switches in each room of the house. It would be easy to attain gigabit speeds (or better, eventually) using the fiber. I have searched and searched for a "fiber optic switch" or "fiber optic router" and cannot find the correct term to describe this piece of hardware. We can use fiber media converters at the end points of each connection, however it would be nice to have a "patch panel" set up in the network closet in the basement that has fiber connections on it and switches the ethernet streams between the connections/systems in the house. Each fiber media converter costs between $50-$100 a piece... After 10 or so terminated connections it might make sense to find a piece of hardware that does not require media converters. That would depend upon the cost of this hardware Somewhat unrelated, if we are able to route between these fiber strands successfully, what is the physical connector type used in a jack on the wall? Just like RJ45 has a wall outlet (depicted below): What is the fiber optic equivalent of this? In the interim could we "patch" a couple fiber strands together in the network closet? Would signal loss be of concern with a run length of 100-200 feet, a patch cable and two media converters? If that would work then it could be used until the funds are available for more.

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• How Do I Restrict Repository Access via WebSVN?

  - by kaybenleroll

  I have multiple subversion repositories which are served up through Apache 2.2 and WebDAV. They are all located in a central place, and I used this debian-administration.org article as the basis (I dropped the use of the database authentication for a simple htpasswd file though). Since then, I have also started using WebSVN. My issue is that not all users on the system should be able to access the different repositories, and the default setup of WebSVN is to allow anyone who can authenticate. According to the WebSVN documentation, the best way around this is to use subversion's path access system, so I looked to create this, using the AuthzSVNAccessFile directive. When I do this though, I keep getting "403 Forbidden" messages. My files look like the following: I have default policy settings in a file: <Location /svn/> DAV svn SVNParentPath /var/lib/svn/repository Order deny,allow Deny from all </Location> Each repository gets a policy file like below: <Location /svn/sysadmin/> Include /var/lib/svn/conf/default_auth.conf AuthName "Repository for sysadmin" require user joebloggs jimsmith mickmurphy </Location> The default_auth.conf file contains this: SVNParentPath /var/lib/svn/repository AuthType basic AuthUserFile /var/lib/svn/conf/.dav_svn.passwd AuthzSVNAccessFile /var/lib/svn/conf/svnaccess.conf I am not fully sure why I need the second SVNParentPath in default_auth.conf, but I just added that today as I was getting error messages as a result of adding the AuthzSVNAccessFile directive. With a totally permissive access file [/] joebloggs = rw the system worked fine (and was essentially unchanged), but as I soon as I start trying to add any kind of restrictions such as [sysadmin:/] joebloggs = rw instead, I get the 'Permission denied' errors again. The log file entries are: [Thu May 28 10:40:17 2009] [error] [client 89.100.219.180] Access denied: 'joebloggs' GET websvn:/ [Thu May 28 10:40:20 2009] [error] [client 89.100.219.180] Access denied: 'joebloggs' GET svn:/sysadmin What do I need to do to get this to work? Have configured apache wrong, or is my understanding of the svnaccess.conf file incorrect? If I am going about this the wrong way, I have no particular attachment to my overall approach, so feel free to offer alternatives as well. UPDATE (20090528-1600): I attempted to implement this answer, but I still cannot get it to work properly. I know most of the configuration is correct, as I have added [/] joebloggs = rw at the start and 'joebloggs' then has all the correct access. When I try to go repository-specific though, doing something like [/] joebloggs = rw [sysadmin:/] mickmurphy = rw then I got a permission denied error for mickmurphy (joebloggs still works), with an error similar to what I already had previously [Thu May 28 10:40:20 2009] [error] [client 89.100.219.180] Access denied: 'mickmurphy' GET svn:/sysadmin Also, I forgot to explain previously that all my repositories are underneath /var/lib/svn/repository UPDATE (20090529-1245): Still no luck getting this to work, but all the signs seem to be pointing to the issue being with path-access control in subversion not working properly. My assumption is that I have not conf

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• What is some good lossless video codec for recording gameplay?

  - by Don Salva

  I'm an avid gamer and I like to record my gameplay. Usually I've been using Fraps to do it, however I'm thinking of switching to Dxtory as it allows to write on multiple HDDs at once. Say I have 3 HDDs with the following write speeds: HDD1 with 50 mb/s, HDD2 with 22 mb/s and HDD3 with 45 mb/s. Combined write speed would be: 117 mb/s. Dxtory allows you to utilize all 3 HDD's at once while recording your gameplay. Using this formula: RGB24 YUV24: Width x Height x 3 x fps = bitrate (byte/sec) YUV420: Width x Height x 3 / 2 x fps = bitrate (byte/sec) YUV410: Width x Height x 9 / 8 x fps = bitrate (byte/sec) And recording in YUV420 colorspace at 1920x1080 with 30 fps I'd need about 95 mb/s write speed. Dxtory is good because it allows me to play with constant 60 fps while recording in 30 fps. Fraps does not (even though they say it does), once you start recording with Fraps, the game's fps drops. So I'm looking for a codec that doesn't need a very high write speed (bitrate) yet records in good (lossless) quality. Dxtory comes with its own codec, the Dxtory codec. Which allows me some experimentation. Fraps has it's own codec which I can use in Dxtory to expirement around. I also came across http://lags.leetcode.net/codec.html . Are there more lossless codecs out there (besides Fraps' and Dxtory's) which are good for what I want to do? Edit: To clarify, yes, I'm aware a lossless codec always has "good" quality. But that's not what I'm looking for. Let me take the Fraps codec and Dxtory codec to clarify what I'm looking for. When I record with the Dxtory codec in RGB colorspace at 1920x1080 with targeted 30 fps, I can play the game at 60 fps, BUT I'm recording with 10-15 fps, that's because RGB with Dxtory needs much, much more write speed than my hdd can handle. When recording with Dxtory codec in YUV410 colorspace at 1920x1080 with targeted 30 fps, I can play at 60 fps and record at 30 fps, again, that's because YUV410 in Dxtory's codec takes much, much less write speed than RGB When recording with Fraps codec in ??? (I dunno the color space Fraps records in, I guess YUV420), I can play with 60 fps and record with 30 fps. What I'm looking for is a lossless codec that can record in YUV420 (or even RGB??) which does not exceed a write speed (or bitrate if you will) of 100 mb/s in 1920x1080 or in other words, which will allow me to record in constant 30fps. Obviously the best solution would be to buy an SDD, but that's not what I'm after.

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• Setting up DNS server on VPS on the internet

  - by Nick Duffell

  I have followed multiple online tutorials on setting this up, it is BIND9 on a debian server. It is the only server I have, so it is acting as both ns1, ns1, and the server they domain name should point to itself. It all appears to be working and when I dig the domain name from the server itself I get (what seems to me) the correct output: ; << DiG 9.7.3 << theonetekkit.com.au ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 18593 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;theonetekkit.com.au. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: theonetekkit.com.au. 3000 IN A 103.4.17.189 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: theonetekkit.com.au. 3000 IN NS ns1.theonetekkit.com.au. theonetekkit.com.au. 3000 IN NS ns2.theonetekkit.com.au. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.theonetekkit.com.au. 3000 IN A 103.4.17.189 ns2.theonetekkit.com.au. 3000 IN A 103.4.17.189 ;; Query time: 15 msec ;; SERVER: 103.4.17.189#53(103.4.17.189) ;; WHEN: Wed Nov 7 02:12:58 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 121 When I dig it from another server / computer, however, I am getting a problem: ; << DiG 9.7.3 << theonetekkit.com.au ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 56637 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;theonetekkit.com.au. IN A ;; Query time: 22 msec ;; SERVER: 103.4.16.166#53(103.4.16.166) ;; WHEN: Wed Nov 7 02:12:40 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 37 I have given it more than enough time for the records to be refreshed since setting up the DNS server, so I don't know what would be causing this. Any ideas? Thanks

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• Troubleshooting an unstable internet connection

  - by Konrad Rudolph

  My MacBook Pro running OS X (10.9, but I had the same problem before) is connected to a Belkin router via WiFi and, using Virgin Media as the ISP, to the internet. The connection is extremely unstable – on some days, I get a ping timeout every few seconds. In addition, some domains seem to suffer general connectivity issues. For instance, I often find that while the youtube.com website loads, none of the videos (which are hosted on a separate domain) do. At other times, videos load but always fail to buffer, even though the actual connection speed is ok, even though I’ve disabled dash playback. Since I’m living in a rented room and the ISP contract isn’t actually mine I’ve got only limited possibilities of addressing the problem. In particular, I have no access to the router configuration and my non tech savvy landlady, while sympathetic, is not in a great hurry to hand the problem over to the ISP’s customer support. What’s more, I seem to be the only person in the house experiencing these problems – but I can imagine that this is simply because I’m the only one who’s using the internet continuously. I’m searching for specific tests that might be able to pinpoint – and ideally solve – the problem. So far all I’ve managed to do is establish that Virgin is routing my traffic in mysterious ways. Here’s an excerpt from traceroute google.co.uk. It’s worth mentioning that the host name doesn’t seem to matter a lot, the trace route is always the same. traceroute: Warning: google.co.uk has multiple addresses; using 62.254.36.148 traceroute to google.co.uk (62.254.36.148), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets 1 (192.168.2.1) 1.112 ms 1.300 ms 2.359 ms 2 10.100.32.1 (10.100.32.1) 11.926 ms 10.217 ms 24.987 ms 3 cmbg-core-1a-ae3-610.network.virginmedia.net (80.1.202.93) 28.809 ms * 66.653 ms 4 popl-bb-1b-ae16-0.network.virginmedia.net (212.43.163.141) 13.759 ms 126.504 ms 20.472 ms 5 nrth-bb-1b-et-010-0.network.virginmedia.net (62.253.175.57) 28.357 ms 16.398 ms 42.387 ms 6 nrth-bb-1c-ae1-0.network.virginmedia.net (62.253.174.110) 27.441 ms 15.622 ms 12.044 ms 7 lutn-icdn-1-ae0-0.network.virginmedia.net (62.253.175.82) 16.678 ms 28.463 ms 28.253 ms 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * * ^C If I let it, this goes on until the end of time. It never seems to reach a destination. Is this normal? A friend living in the same town who is also with Virgin Media has a more conventional traceroute output: 7 hops to google.co.uk, all of which send the ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED response. The obvious fix – rebooting the router – doesn’t seem to help. As far as I can tell, the WiFi connection is stable (I can always ping the router) so the problem is further downstream. I’ve tried using an alternative DNS before (OpenDNS) but if anything, this made things worse. In fact, it made all Google services nigh unreachable.

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• MySQL Execution Time Spikes

  - by Brett

  I am having issues with MySQL all of the sudden today. Details: OS: CentOS release 5.7 Server type: Parallels virtuozzo container running on mediatemple DV 4.0 package Average total memory usage: <500mb Total memory usage allowed: 1gb (part of shared pool for emergency only, users are only guaranteed 500mb) Processor: 1ghz Main database sizes with most usage: 275mb & 107mb server stack: nginx 1.0.10, mysql 5.1.54, php 5.3.8 with php-fpm innodb_buffer_pool_size=100M php-fpm max children: 5 Webapps: custom php-based sites, magento & drupal slow query timeout is set to 1 second Steps I completed towards diagnosis: Cannot restart container yet - I will try later tonight when our domestic traffic has dropped Enabled mysql and php-fpm slowlog. Found functions that did DB queries in php-fpm slowlog were taking over 1s to complete at times Found some simple queries in mysql slowlog taking well over 1s to complete that should take less than 1s. Most interesting - execution time seems to spike at times. A query will take .2s a couple times, then one time it will take 8s to run the same query. These results were verified by running raw SQL queries through mysql command line. Top does not reveal anything too interesting Only resource related thing i can see is load averages much higher than normal Up until today, mysql has been fine, there have been no major changes to the db since yesterday. Sometimes things are so bad, I am seeing bad gateway errors after 60s of execution time. Innodb is doing on average 300-1400 reads/sec. Mysql is doing 3-10 queries/sec slow query count in 2 hours uptime is 171 (with slow timeout at 1 second) Tried restarting mysql, nginx, php-fpm multiple times For example: UPDATE `catalogsearch_query` SET `query_text` = 'EW 90', `num_results` = '7532', `popularity` = '99180', `redirect` = NULL, `synonym_for` = NULL, `store_id` = '1', `display_in_terms` = '1', `is_active` = '1', `is_processed` = '1', `updated_at` = '2012-05-08 21:38:31' WHERE (query_id='31'); This query took 17sec to complete one time, rest of the time around .079 sec. But varies, sometimes 1sec, sometimes .004 sec. This is running the same query, over and over with a couple seconds time in between each. Most tables are innodb, and sometimes I noticed the lock time taking 90% of the query execution time, but most of the time lock time is insignificant. Any idea what's going on here?

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• Puppet - Possible to use software design patterns in modules?

  - by Mike Purcell

  As I work with puppet, I find myself wanting to automate more complex setups, for example vhosts for X number of websites. As my puppet manifests get more complex I find it difficult to apply the DRY (don't repeat yourself) principle. Below is a simplified snippet of what I am after, but doesn't work because puppet throws various errors depending up whether I use classes or defines. I'd like to get some feed back from some seasoned puppetmasters on how they might approach this solution. # site.pp import 'nodes' # nodes.pp node nodes_dev { $service_env = 'dev' } node nodes_prod { $service_env = 'prod' } import 'nodes/dev' import 'nodes/prod' # nodes/dev.pp node 'service1.ownij.lan' inherits nodes_dev { httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'bar': } } # modules/vhost/package.pp class httpd::vhost::package { class manage($port) { # More complex stuff goes here like ensuring that conf paths and uris exist # As well as log files, which is I why I want to do the work once and use many notify { $service_env: } notify { $port: } } define site { case $name { 'foo': { class 'httpd::vhost::package::manage': port => 20000 } } 'bar': { class 'httpd::vhost::package::manage': port => 20001 } } } } } That code snippet gives me a Duplicate declaration: Class[Httpd::Vhost::Package::Manage] error, and if I switch the manage class to a define, and attempt to access a global or pass in a variable common to both foo and bar, I get a Duplicate declaration: Notify[dev] error. Any suggestions how I can implement the DRY principle and still get puppet to work? -- UPDATE -- I'm still having a problem trying to ensure that some of my vhosts, which may share a parent directory, are setup correctly. Something like this: node 'service1.ownij.lan' inherits nodes_dev { httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo_sitea': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo_siteb': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'bar': } } What I need to happen is that sitea and siteb have the same parent "foo" folder. The problem I am having is when I call a define to ensure the "foo" folder exists. Below is the site define as I have it, hopefully it will make sense what I am trying to accomplish. class httpd::vhost::package { File { owner => root, group => root, mode => 0660 } define site() { $app_parts = split($name, '[_]') $app_primary = $app_parts[0] if ($app_parts[1] == '') { $tpl_path_partial_app = "${app_primary}" $app_sub = '' } else { $tpl_path_partial_app = "${app_primary}/${app_parts[1]}" $app_sub = $app_parts[1] } include httpd::vhost::log::base httpd::vhost::log::app { $name: app_primary => $app_primary, app_sub => $app_sub } } } class httpd::vhost::log { class base { $paths = [ '/tmp', '/tmp/var', '/tmp/var/log', '/tmp/var/log/httpd', "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}" ] file { $paths: ensure => directory } } define app($app_primary, $app_sub) { $paths = [ "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}/${app_primary}", "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}/${app_primary}/${app_sub}" ] file { $paths: ensure => directory } } } The include httpd::vhost::log::base works fine, because it is "included", which means it is only implemented once, even though site is called multiple times. The error I am getting is: Duplicate declaration: File[/tmp/var/log/httpd/dev/foo]. I looked into using exec, but not sure this is the correct route, surely others have had to deal with this before and any insight is appreciated as I have been grappling with this for a few weeks. Thanks.

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• How to move a ruby on rails application to a new server

  - by ManiacZX

  I have a rails app on an old Ubuntu server I need to move onto a new machine. I haven't worked with ruby on rails so I don't really know anything about the structure of the app. I want to load this onto an Ubuntu 8.04 AMI on Amazon EC2 and am looking for any information regarding the migration process such as: Do I copy over the entire folder defined as the application root in the mongrel config (for ex: /u/apps/myapp/current) or just certain folders? Am I looking for trouble if I go with the latest versions of ruby and the various gems? Any general gotchas to look out for in the process. Current server information: root@webnode001:/# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.15-27-server (buildd@terranova) (gcc version 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)) #1 SMP Fri Dec 8 18:43:54 UTC 2006 root@webnode001:/# rails -v Rails 1.2.3 root@webnode001:/# mongrel_rails cluster::configure --version Version 1.0.1 root@webnode001:/# gem -v 0.9.0 root@webnode001:/# gem list -l *** LOCAL GEMS *** actionmailer (1.3.3, 1.2.5) Service layer for easy email delivery and testing. actionpack (1.13.3, 1.12.5) Web-flow and rendering framework putting the VC in MVC. actionwebservice (1.2.3, 1.1.6) Web service support for Action Pack. activerecord (1.15.3, 1.15.2, 1.14.4) Implements the ActiveRecord pattern for ORM. activesupport (1.4.2, 1.4.1, 1.3.1) Support and utility classes used by the Rails framework. cgi_multipart_eof_fix (2.1) Fix an exploitable bug in CGI multipart parsing which affects Ruby <= 1.8.5 when multipart boundary attribute contains a non-halting regular expression string. daemons (1.0.7, 1.0.5, 1.0.4, 1.0.2) A toolkit to create and control daemons in different ways eventmachine (0.7.2, 0.7.0) Ruby/EventMachine socket engine library fastercsv (1.2.0, 1.1.0) FasterCSV is CSV, but faster, smaller, and cleaner. fastthread (1.0) Optimized replacement for thread.rb primitives ferret (0.11.4) Ruby indexing library. gem_plugin (0.2.2, 0.2.1) A plugin system based only on rubygems that uses dependencies only mongrel (1.0.1, 0.3.13.4) A small fast HTTP library and server that runs Rails, Camping, Nitro and Iowa apps. mongrel_cluster (0.2.1) Mongrel plugin that provides commands and Capistrano tasks for managing multiple Mongrel processes. mysql (2.7) MySQL/Ruby provides the same functions for Ruby programs that the MySQL C API provides for C programs. piston (1.3.3) Piston is a utility that enables merge tracking of remote repositories. rails (1.2.3, 1.1.6) Web-application framework with template engine, control-flow layer, and ORM. rake (0.7.3, 0.7.1) Ruby based make-like utility. sources (0.0.1) This package provides download sources for remote gem installation swiftiply (0.5.1) A fast clustering proxy for web applications.

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• Problem with authentication of users via IE when using "host header value"

  - by Richard

  Hi, I'm trying to set multiple web sites up in an IIS 6. I've got a working virtual site residing under the default web site, but if I create a new web site in the IIS and asign it a host header value, let it point to the very same file structure as in the prevoiusly mentioned site and finally asign windows integrated security only to the site - I still cannot log in to the new site using MSIE 6 or 8 but FF 3.5 works fine. In the web log I get these entries if I access the localhost site 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /client/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 401 2 2148074254 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /client/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 401 1 0 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /client/Default.asp - 80 xxx\Administrator 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 200 0 0 If I however access via the host headre value site I get prompted to login but the login fail and I also get an error "401 1 2148074252" which not present when it succeeds. Can this be the issue? Pre login screen 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1793297778 127.0.0.1 GET / - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+7.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 401 2 2148074254 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1793297778 127.0.0.1 GET / - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+7.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 401 1 2148074252 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1793297778 127.0.0.1 GET / - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+7.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 401 1 0 post login screen (note that win credentials have not been submitted) 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1793297778 127.0.0.1 GET / - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+7.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 401 1 0 2009-11-19 09:15:59 W3SVC1793297778 127.0.0.1 GET / - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+7.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727) 401 1 2148074252 Firefox will try to access using anonymous access and will prompt for login, after submitting win credentials it all works fine. For what reasoon is the IE so stubornly refusing to submit credentials to the "host header value" site? The site is in the Local intranet Zone and login is ticked for that zone. No teaming NIC's no FW, no nothing, I'm cluless :( /Richard

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• How do I parse file paths separated by a space in a string?

  - by user1130637

  Background: I am working in Automator on a wrapper to a command line utility. I need a way to separate an arbitrary number of file paths delimited by a single space from a single string, so that I may remove all but the first file path to pass to the program. Example input string: /Users/bobby/diddy dum/ding.mp4 /Users/jimmy/gone mia/come back jimmy.mp3 ... Desired output: /Users/bobby/diddy dum/ding.mp4 Part of the problem is the inflexibility on the Automator end of things. I'm using an Automator action which returns unescaped POSIX filepaths delimited by a space (or comma). This is unfortunate because: 1. I cannot ensure file/folder names will not contain either a space or comma, and 2. the only inadmissible character in Mac OS X filenames (as far as I can tell) is :. There are options which allow me to enclose the file paths in double or single quotes, or angle brackets. The program itself accepts the argument of the aforementioned input string, so there must be a way of separating the paths. I just do not have a keen enough eye to see how to do it with sed or awk. At first I thought I'll just use sed to replace every [space]/ with [newline]/ and then trim all but the first line, but that leaves the loophole open for folders whose names end with a space. If I use the comma delimiter, the same happens, just for a comma instead. If I encapsulate in double or single quotation marks, I am opening another can of worms for filenames with those characters. The image/link is the relevant part of my Automator workflow. -- UPDATE -- I was able to achieve what I wanted in a rather roundabout way. It's hardly elegant but here is working generalized code: path="/Users/bobby/diddy dum/ding.mp4 /Users/jimmy/gone mia/come back jimmy.mp3" # using colon because it's an inadmissible Mac OS X # filename character, perfect for separating # also, unlike [space], multiple colons do not collapse IFS=: # replace all spaces with colons colpath=$(echo "$path" | sed 's/ /:/g') # place words from colon-ized file path into array # e.g. three spaces -> three colons -> two empty words j=1 for word in $colpath do filearray[$j]="$word" j=$j+1 done # reconstruct file path word by word # after each addition, check file existence # if non-existent, re-add lost [space] and continue until found name="" for seg in "${filearray[@]}" do name="$name$seg" if [[ -f "$name" ]] then echo "$name" break fi name="$name " done All this trouble because the default IFS doesn't count "emptiness" between the spaces as words, but rather collapses them all.

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• Can someone explain RAID-0 in plain English?

  - by Edward Tanguay

  I've heard about and read about RAID throughout the years and understand it theoretically as a way to help e.g. server PCs reduce the chance of data loss, but now I am buying a new PC which I want to be as fast as possible and have learned that having two drives can considerably increase the perceived performance of your machine. In the question Recommendations for hard drive performance boost, the author says he is going to RAID-0 two 7200 RPM drives together. What does this mean in practical terms for me with Windows 7 installed, e.g. can I buy two drives, go into the device manager and "raid-0 them together"? I am not a network administrator or a hardware guy, I'm just a developer who is going to have a computer store build me a super fast machine next week. I can read the wikipedia page on RAID but it is just way too many trees and not enough forest to help me build a faster PC: RAID-0: "Striped set without parity" or "Striping". Provides improved performance and additional storage but no redundancy or fault tolerance. Because there is no redundancy, this level is not actually a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, i.e. not true RAID. However, because of the similarities to RAID (especially the need for a controller to distribute data across multiple disks), simple strip sets are normally referred to as RAID 0. Any disk failure destroys the array, which has greater consequences with more disks in the array (at a minimum, catastrophic data loss is twice as severe compared to single drives without RAID). A single disk failure destroys the entire array because when data is written to a RAID 0 drive, the data is broken into fragments. The number of fragments is dictated by the number of disks in the array. The fragments are written to their respective disks simultaneously on the same sector. This allows smaller sections of the entire chunk of data to be read off the drive in parallel, increasing bandwidth. RAID 0 does not implement error checking so any error is unrecoverable. More disks in the array means higher bandwidth, but greater risk of data loss. So in plain English, how can "RAID-0" help me build a faster Windows-7 PC that I am going to order next week?

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• Tying down a cloud by virtualizing everything and then locking VMs to real hardware as necessary

  - by tudor

  I'm looking for a cloud software solution that: Can run on both server and desktop machines; Virtualizes hardware and has the option of exposing each real machine to the cloud; Allows a VM to be "locked" to a set of real hardware capabilities and stay there until moved (e.g. a user's "real" desktop); Allows a VM to link to some types of devices elsewhere (e.g. USB/serial via ethernet); and Is geography-aware to control movement of VMs between real networks. I'm aware that this may be the holy grail of virtualization, and I've searched alot. Some solutions appear to meet some criteria but not others. Most cloud implementations appear to ignore real hardware, for example. I realise that this may be solved by using three different implementations in combination: A standard cloud server farm. A bare-metal network backup utility with PXEBoot. VNC and/or VDI. (VNC obviously would require the real hardware to be running.) This combination, however, has some serious drawbacks that I'd like to solve by treating it as one system. My explanation follows... I have a network of real servers and desktops in multiple locations. I've virtualized servers before using Virtualbox and that's worked quite well. I've even connected USB devices to VMs on servers. I would like to virtualize the desktops in all my offices to facilitate movement of desktops, remote access (e.g. VDI) and bare-metal backups. However, I know that there are problems with this. For example, some desktops have specific hardware (e.g. 3D graphics cards, USB devices, etc) that limit their mobility. Geographic constraints also limit movement in that VMs can be moved easily within offices, but transferring between offices is not always preferable. What I would like to find is a system that can virtualize everything from bare-metal easily by maintaining an abstraction layer on each client and server machine that exposes the hardware available and runs as a cloud. Then certain VMs would be "locked" to specific hardware (so that, e.g. the VM runs only on their own desktop.) This would be required for situations where speed is important (e.g. 3D graphics pass-through). In addition, abstracted low-speed devices (e.g. USB) could be piped from real hardware to a VM in the cloud. This is important since if a VM is taken down, another VM can connect to the real hardware for minimum downtime.

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• umount bind of stale NFS

  - by Paul Eisner

  i've got a problem removing mounts created with mount -o bind from a locally mounted NFS folder. Assume the following mount structure: NFS mounted directory: $ mount -o rw,soft,tcp,intr,timeo=10,retrans=2,retry=1 \ 10.20.0.1:/srv/source /srv/nfs-source Bound directory: $ mount -o bind /srv/nfs-source/sub1 /srv/bind-target/sub1 Which results in this mount map $ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) # ... 10.20.0.1:/srv/source on /srv/nfs-source type nfs (rw,soft,tcp,intr,timeo=10,retrans=2,retry=1,addr=10.20.0.100) /srv/nfs-source/sub1 on /srv/bind-target/sub1 type none (rw,bind) If the server (10.20.0.1) goes down (eg ifdown eth0), the handles become stale, which is expected. I can now un-mount the NFS mount with force $ umount -f /srv/nfs-source This takes some seconds, but works without any problems. However, i cannot un-mount the bound directory in /srv/bind-target/sub1. The forced umount results in: $ umount -f /srv/bind-target/sub1 umount2: Stale NFS file handle umount: /srv/bind-target/sub1: Stale NFS file handle umount2: Stale NFS file handle Here is a trace http://pastebin.com/ipvvrVmB I've tried umounting the sub-directories beforehand, find any processes accessing anything within the NFS or bind mounts (there are none). lsof also complains: $ lsof -n lsof: WARNING: can't stat() nfs file system /srv/nfs-source Output information may be incomplete. lsof: WARNING: can't stat() nfs file system /srv/bind-target/sub1 (deleted) Output information may be incomplete. lsof: WARNING: can't stat() nfs file system /srv/bind-target/ Output information may be incomplete. I've tried with recent stable Linux kernels 3.2.17, 3.2.19 and 3.3.8 (cannot use 3.4.x, cause need the grsecurity patch, which is not, yet, supported - grsecurity is not patched in in the tests above!). My nfs-utils are version 1.2.2 (debian stable). Does anybody have an idea how i can either: force the un-mount some other way? (any dirty trick is welcome, data loss or damage neglible at this point) use something else instead of mount -o bind? (cannot use soft links, cause mounted directories will be used in chroot; bindfs via FUSE is far to slow to be an option) Thanks, Paul Update 1 With 2.6.32.59 the umount of the (stale) sub-mounts work just fine. It seems to be a kernel regression bug. The above tests where with NFSv3. Additional tests with NFSv4 showed no change. Update 2 We have tested now multiple 2.6 and 3.x kernels and are now sure, that this was introduced in 3.0.x. We will fille a bug report, hopefully they figure it out.

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• Partition table is corrupt

  - by Tim

  I have a corrupt the partition table on the laptop that is running Ubunutu 10.4. Before the partition table was corrupt I had the following partitions: 2 primary partitions: 1st - NTFS 2nd - Extended 4 logical partitons that are built within 2nd extended: 1st NTFS (68 Gib) 2nd Linux (19 Gib) 3rd Swap (1.4 Gib) 4th Linux (24 Gib) The physical order of these partitions was the following: ( 4th Linux ) - ( 1st NTFS ) - ( 2nd Linux ) - ( 3rd Swap ) The logical order of the partition was different: ( 1st NTFS ) - ( 2nd Linux ) - ( 3rd Swap ) ( 4th Linux ) NTFS partition was big and it resided between 2 Linux partitions, neither of these partitions had enough space to install Oracle 11g for my project with prof. Gamper and Markus Innerebner. Therefore, I decided to a) either move the NTFS partion to the left or b) remove it completely and extend partition where Linux resides. As I tool I have chosen GParted. But unfortunately it was not able to move the partition because he found that in NTFS partition there are some blocks that are referenced multiple times. Also it was not able to remove the partition neither, because in this case the partitions that follow it ( 2nd Linux ) - ( 3rd Swap ) have to be in his opinion also removed, because the organization of extended partition is a linked list. Since GParted was not able to do such thing I was trying to find another tool. I found diskdrake tool on PSLinuxOS distribution of linux. That tool silently deleted ( 1st NTFS ) partition and I thought that everything was fine. But diskdrake has damaged the partition in a way that I am not able either to boot from the hard disk nor to see the partitions with GParted and even with diskdrake itself! Fortunately I have a live CD of Ubuntu 8.10 and I am able to boot and see hard disk. I have 2 ideas how I can solve the problem: 1) Manually change disk partitions and point them to the correct partitions. 2) Create partition table with GParted that as much as possible is the same with the previous one I find the 2nd approach less time consuming but some data will be lost because of it is not possible to place borders of the partitions exactly how it was before. And moreover I am not sure if such approach would work, for example, if the OS is able to locate files after repartitioning. I feel like that it will but not 100% sure. Are there some ideas how the problem may be solved?

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