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  • What exactly does raw microphone data represent?

    - by esperantist
    I'm using PyAudio, a PortAudio wrapper for Python. I'm getting data from a microphone. Data which is represented by a continuous stream of bytes divided into chunks (of a size determined by me). I've tried to plot the signal, assuming the bytes represent the current signal amplitude, but I get an interesting image that I can't easily describe. ^^ It seems to be composed of two waves, one shifted from the other. What exactly do the particular bytes represent, and how does this change when I'm recording only one channel, instead of two? Any explanations, suggestions, code snippets, anything, very welcome! (I'm new at this.) Thanks!

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  • Simple sound effect loop using AudioToolKit

    - by Typeoneerror
    I've created a few sounds for use in my game. I can play them at certain events without issue: // create sounds CFBundleRef mainBundle; mainBundle = CFBundleGetMainBundle(); _soundFileShake = CFBundleCopyResourceURL(mainBundle, CFSTR("shake"), CFSTR("wav"), NULL); AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID(_soundFileShake, &_soundIdShake); // later... AudioServicesPlaySystemSound(_soundIdShake); The game has a mechanism which allows you to shake the device to activate some functionality. I've got the shaking code done so I get get a "shaking started" and "shaking ended" message to my game. What I need to have happen is start playing "shave.wav" when shaking starts and loop it until it stops. Is there a way to do this with AudioToolbox/AudioServices? How could I do this if not?

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  • Parallel.For maintain input list order on output list

    - by romeozor
    I'd like some input on keeping the order of a list during heavy-duty operations that I decided to try to do in a parallel manner to see if it boosts performance. (It did!) I came up with a solution, but since this was my first attempt at anything parallel, I'd need someone to slap my hands if I did something very stupid. There's a query that returns a list of card owners, sorted by name, then by date of birth. This needs to be rendered in a table on a web page (ASP.Net WebForms). The original coder decided he would construct the table cell-by-cell (TableCell), add them to rows (TableRow), then each row to the table. So no GridView, allegedly its performance is bad, but the performance was very poor regardless :). The database query returns in no time, the most time is spent on looping through the results and adding table cells etc. I made the following method to maintain the original order of the list: private TableRow[] ComposeRows(List<CardHolder> queryResult) { int queryElementsCount = queryResult.Count(); // array with the query's size var rowArray = new TableRow[queryElementsCount]; Parallel.For(0, queryElementsCount, i => { var row = new TableRow(); var cell = new TableCell(); // various operations, including simple ones such as: cell.Text = queryResult[i].Name; row.Cells.Add(cell); // here I'm adding the current item to it's original index // to maintain order in the output list rowArray[i] = row; }); return rowArray; } So as you can see, because I'm returning a very different type of data (List<CardHolder> -> TableRow[]), I can't just simply omit the ordering from the original query to do it after the operations. Also, I also thought it would be a good idea to Dispose() the objects at the end of each loop, because the query can return a huge list and letting cell and row objects pile up in the heap could impact performance.(?) How badly did I do? Does anyone have a better solution in case mine is flawed?

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  • How to use parallel execution in a shell script?

    - by eSKay
    I have a C shell script that does something like this: #!/bin/csh gcc example.c -o ex gcc combine.c -o combine ex file1 r1 <-- 1 ex file2 r2 <-- 2 ex file3 r3 <-- 3 #... many more like the above combine r1 r2 r3 final \rm r1 r2 r3 Is there some way I can make lines 1, 2 and 3 run in parallel instead of one after the another?

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  • Removing the transperancy from image while keeping the actual image

    - by KPL
    Hello people, I have three images,and , they are not square or rectangular in shape. They are just like face of anyone. So,basically, my images are in the size 196x196 or anything like that, but complete square or rectangle with the face in the middle and transperant background in the rest of the portion. Now, I want to remove the transperant background too and just keep the faces. Don't know if this is possible and mind you, this isn't a programming question.

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  • Technique to remove common words(and their plural versions) from a string

    - by Jake M
    I am attempting to find tags(keywords) for a recipe by parsing a long string of text. The text contains the recipe ingredients, directions and a short blurb. What do you think would be the most efficient way to remove common words from the tag list? By common words, I mean words like: 'the', 'at', 'there', 'their' etc. I have 2 methodologies I can use, which do you think is more efficient in terms of speed and do you know of a more efficient way I could do this? Methodology 1: - Determine the number of times each word occurs(using the library Collections) - Have a list of common words and remove all 'Common Words' from the Collection object by attempting to delete that key from the Collection object if it exists. - Therefore the speed will be determined by the length of the variable delims import collections from Counter delim = ['there','there\'s','theres','they','they\'re'] # the above will end up being a really long list! word_freq = Counter(recipe_str.lower().split()) for delim in set(delims): del word_freq[delim] return freq.most_common() Methodology 2: - For common words that can be plural, look at each word in the recipe string, and check if it partially contains the non-plural version of a common word. Eg; For the string "There's a test" check each word to see if it contains "there" and delete it if it does. delim = ['this','at','them'] # words that cant be plural partial_delim = ['there','they',] # words that could occur in many forms word_freq = Counter(recipe_str.lower().split()) for delim in set(delims): del word_freq[delim] # really slow for delim in set(partial_delims): for word in word_freq: if word.find(delim) != -1: del word_freq[delim] return freq.most_common()

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  • filter that uses elements from two arrays at the same time

    - by Gacek
    Let's assume we have two arrays of the same size - A and B. Now, we need a filter that, for a given mask size, selects elements from A, but removes the central element of the mask, and inserts there corresponding element from B. So the 3x3 "pseudo mask" will look similar to this: A A A A B A A A A Doing something like this for averaging filter is quite simple. We can compute the mean value for elements from A without the central element, and then combine it with a proper proportion with elements from B: h = ones(3,3); h(2,2) =0; h = h/sum(h(:)); A_ave = filter2(h, A); C = (8/9) * A_ave + (1/9) * B; But how to do something similar for median filter (medfilt2 or even better for ordfilt2)

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  • Detect Rotation of a scanned image in C#

    - by ahmed fouad
    We want a c# solution to correct the scanned image because it is rotated. To solve this problem we must detect the rotation angle first and then rotate the image. This was our first thought for our problem. But then we thought image warping would be more accurate as I think it would make the scanned image like our template. Then we can process it as we know all the coordinates of our template... I searched for a free SDK or a free solution in c#. Helping me in this will be great as it is the last task in our work. Really, thanks for all.

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  • Improving Performance on this Image Creation function

    - by Abs
    Hello all, I am making use of GD2 and the image functions to take in a string and then convert that into an image using different fonts at different sizes. The function I use is below. Currently, its pretty quick but not quick enough. The function gets called about 20 times per user and the images generated are always new ones (different) so caching isn't going to help! I was hoping to get some ideas on how to make this function faster. Maybe supply more RAM to the script running? Anything else that is specific to this PHP function? Anything else that I can do to tweak performance of this function? function generate_image($save_path, $text, $font_path, $font_size){ $font = $font_path; /* * I have simplifed the line below, its actually a function that works out the size of the box * that is need for each image as the image size is different based on font type, font size etc */ $measure = array('width' => 300, 'height'=> 120); if($measure['width'] > 900){ $measure['width'] = 900; } $im = imagecreatetruecolor($measure['width'], $measure['height']); $white = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255); $black = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0); imagefilledrectangle($im, 0, 0, $measure['width'], $measure['height'], $white); imagettftext($im, $font_size, 0, $measure['left'], $measure['top'], $black, $font, ' '.$text); if(imagepng($im, $save_path)){ $status = true; }else{ $status = false; } imagedestroy($im); return $status; } Thanks all for any help

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  • How to play extracted wave file byte array in C#?

    - by user261924
    At the moment i have managed to separate the left and right channel of a WAVE file and have included the header in a byte[] array. My next step is to be about to play both channels. How can this be done? Here is a code snippet: byte[] song_left = new byte[fa.Length]; byte[] song_right = new byte[fa.Length]; int p = 0; for (int c = 0; c < 43; c++) { song_left[p] = header[c]; p++; } int q = 0; for (s = startByte; s < length; s = s + 3) { song_left[s] = sLeft[q]; q++; s++; song_left[s] = sLeft[q]; q++; } p = 0; for (int c = 0; c < 43; c++) { song_right[p] = header[c]; p++; } This part is reading the header and data from both the right and light channel and saving it to array sLeft[] and sRight[]. This part is working perfectly. Once I obtained the byte arrays, I did the following: System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes("c:\\left.wav", song_left); System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes("c:\\right.wav", song_right); Added a button to play the saved wave file: private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { spWave = new SoundPlayer("c:\\left.wav"); spWave.Play(); } Once I hit the play button, this error appers: An unhandled exception of type 'System.InvalidOperationException' occurred in System.dll Additional information: The wave header is corrupt. Any ideas?

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  • Generate an image / thumbnail of a webpage using X/Gui-less linux

    - by dassouki
    There are a lot of solutions out there on generating a thumbnail or an image preview of a webpage. Some of these are websites like websnapshots, windows libraries such as PHP's imagegrabscreen (only works on windows), and KDE's wkhtml. Many more do exist. However, I'm looking for a GUI-less solution. Something I can create an API around and link it to php or python. I'm comfortable with python, php, C, and shell. This is a personal project, so I'm not interested in commercial applications as I'm aware of their existence. Any ideas?

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  • PHP image resize and rounded image corners dynamically

    - by Dan
    I'm working of a script that dynamically ads rounded edges to an image then crops it down to a certain size. At the moment the script ads the rounded edges to the picture but i cannot get it so the original image is resized to fit within the dimensons of the final outputted image (140px x 120px) The problem is that the orginal uploaded image depending on it's orginal dimensions change the size it is in the final PNG { $image_file = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name']; $corner_radius = isset($_GET['radius']) ? $_GET['radius'] : 20; // The default corner radius is set to 20px $topleft = (isset($_GET['topleft']) and $_GET['topleft'] == "no") ? false : true; // Top-left rounded corner is shown by default $bottomleft = (isset($_GET['bottomleft']) and $_GET['bottomleft'] == "no") ? false : true; // Bottom-left rounded corner is shown by default $bottomright = (isset($_GET['bottomright']) and $_GET['bottomright'] == "no") ? false : true; // Bottom-right rounded corner is shown by default $topright = (isset($_GET['topright']) and $_GET['topright'] == "no") ? false : true; // Top-right rounded corner is shown by default $imagetype=$_FILES['image']['type']; $endsize=$corner_radius; $startsize=$endsize*3-1; $arcsize=$startsize*2+1; if (($imagetype=='image/jpeg') or ($imagetype=='jpg')) { $image = imagecreatefromjpeg($image_file); } else { if (($imagetype=='GIF') or ($imagetype=='gif')) { $image = imagecreatefromgif($image_file); } else { $image = imagecreatefrompng($image_file); } } $forecolor ='#ffffff'; $size = getimagesize($image_file); // Top-left corner $background = imagecreatetruecolor($size[0],$size[1]); imagecopymerge($background, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $size[0], $size[1], 100); $startx=$size[0]*2-1; $starty=$size[1]*2-1; $im_temp = imagecreatetruecolor($startx,$starty); imagecopyresampled($im_temp, $background, 0, 0, 0, 0, $startx, $starty, $size[0], $size[1]); $bg = imagecolorallocate($im_temp, 255,255,255); $fg = imagecolorallocate($im_temp, 255,255,255); if ($topleft == true) { if(!imagearc($im_temp, $startsize, $startsize, $arcsize, $arcsize, 180,270,$bg))echo "nope"; imagefilltoborder($im_temp,0,0,$bg,$bg); } // Bottom-left corner // Top-right corner if ($topright == true) { imagearc($im_temp, $startx-$startsize, $startsize,$arcsize, $arcsize, 270,360,$bg); imagefilltoborder($im_temp,$startx,0,$bg,$bg); } $image = imagecreatetruecolor(140,120); imagecopyresampled($image, $im_temp, 0, 0, 0, 0, $size[0],$size[1],$starty+1310,$startx+1500); // Output final image if(!imagepng($image,'hello.png')) echo "boo"; if(!imagedestroy($image)) echo "2"; if(!imagedestroy($background)) echo "3"; if(!imagedestroy($im_temp)) echo "4"; } EDIT: My question is how to get the orginal image reized so it fits into the 140 x 120 image that is processed with the rounded edges?

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  • Image Resizing: Poor jpeg quality and black PNG backgrounds

    - by azz0r
    Hello, I have two issues with my class, basically the quality of the jpeg images is quite poor, but I'm not sure if thats down to my ratio resizing. Ideally I'd like this class to be strict with image sizes and crop into them, but I cant get my head around it. My main issue is that pngs always have a black bg, does anyone have experience with this happening? <?php class OpenSource_ImageResize { function __construct($theFile, $toWhere, $mime, $extension, $newWidth, $newHeight) { if ($mime == NULL) { $mime = getimagesize($theFile); $mime = $mime['mime']; } if ($mime == 'image/jpeg') { $size = getimagesize($theFile); if ($size[0] > $newWidth || $size[1] > $newHeight) { $sourceImage = imagecreatefromjpeg($theFile); } else { return copy($theFile, $toWhere); throw new exception('Could not create jpeg'); return false; } } else if ($mime == 'image/png') { $size = getimagesize($theFile); if ($size[0] > $newWidth || $size[1] > $newHeight) { $sourceImage = imagecreatefrompng($theFile); } else { return copy($theFile, $toWhere); //throw new exception('Could not create png'); return false; } } else if ($mime == 'image/gif') { $size = getimagesize($theFile); if ($size[0] > $newWidth || $size[1] > $newHeight) { $sourceImage = imagecreatefromgif ($theFile); } else { return copy($theFile, $toWhere); //throw new exception('Could not create gif'); return false; } } else { throw new exception('Not a valid mime type'); return false; } $oldX = imageSX($sourceImage); $oldY = imageSY($sourceImage); if ($newWidth == NULL) { $thumbHeight = $newHeight; $thumbWidth = round($newHeight/($oldY/$oldX)); } else if ($oldX > $oldY) { $thumbWidth = $newWidth; $thumbHeight = $oldY * ($newHeight/$oldX); } if ($oldX < $oldY) { $thumbWidth = round($newHeight/($oldY/$oldX)); $thumbHeight = $newHeight; } if ($oldX == $oldY) { $thumbWidth = $newWidth; $thumbHeight = $newHeight; } if (!gd_info()) { $dstImage = ImageCreate($thumbWidth, $thumbHeight); imagecopyresized($dstImage, $sourceImage, 0, 0, 0, 0, $thumbWidth, $thumbHeight, $oldX, $oldY); } else { $dstImage = ImageCreateTrueColor($thumbWidth, $thumbHeight); imagecopyresampled($dstImage, $sourceImage, 0, 0, 0, 0, $thumbWidth, $thumbHeight, $oldX, $oldY); } if ($mime == 'image/png') { $xparent = imagecolorresolvealpha($dstImage, 255,2,240, 0) ; imagecolortransparent($dstImage,$xparent); imagealphablending($dstImage,true); imagepng($dstImage, $toWhere); } else if ($mime == 'image/jpeg') { imagejpeg($dstImage, $toWhere); } else if ($mime == 'image/gif') { imagegif ($dstImage, $toWhere); } imagedestroy($dstImage); imagedestroy($sourceImage); return true; } }

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  • Parallel For Loop - Problems when adding to a List

    - by Kevin Crowell
    I am having some issues involving Parallel for loops and adding to a List. The problem is, the same code may generate different output at different times. I have set up some test code below. In this code, I create a List of 10,000 int values. 1/10th of the values will be 0, 1/10th of the values will be 1, all the way up to 1/10th of the values being 9. After setting up this List, I setup a Parallel for loop that iterates through the list. If the current number is 0, I add a value to a new List. After the Parallel for loop completes, I output the size of the list. The size should always be 1,000. Most of the time, the correct answer is given. However, I have seen 3 possible incorrect outcomes occur: The size of the list is less than 1,000 An IndexOutOfRangeException occurs @ doubleList.Add(0.0); An ArgumentException occurs @ doubleList.Add(0.0); The message for the ArgumentException given was: Destination array was not long enough. Check destIndex and length, and the array's lower bounds. What could be causing the errors? Is this a .Net bug? Is there something I can do to prevent this from happening? Please try the code for yourself. If you do not get an error, try it a few times. Please also note that you probably will not see any errors using a single-core machine. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ParallelTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<int> intList = new List<int>(); List<double> doubleList = new List<double>(); for (int i = 0; i < 250; i++) { intList.Clear(); doubleList.Clear(); for (int j = 0; j < 10000; j++) { intList.Add(j % 10); } Parallel.For(0, intList.Count, j => { if (intList[j] == 0) { doubleList.Add(0.0); } }); if (doubleList.Count != 1000) { Console.WriteLine("On iteration " + i + ": List size = " + doubleList.Count); } } Console.WriteLine("\nPress any key to exit."); Console.ReadKey(); } } }

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  • Creating thumbnails PHP problem

    - by Wayne
    I have this source code where I got it from net tutsplus. I have configured it and made it work in one PHP file. It does work by transferring the original image, but it does not generate to the thumbnails folder. <?php $final_width_of_image = 100; $path_to_image_directory = "../../img/events/" . urldecode($_GET['name']) . "/"; $path_to_thumbs_directory = "../../img/events/" . urldecode($_GET['name']) . "/thumbnails/"; function createThumbnail($filename) { if(preg_match('/[.](jpg)$/', $filename)) { $im = imagecreatefromjpeg($path_to_image_directory . $filename); } elseif(preg_match('/[.](gif)$/', $filename)) { $im = imagecreatefromgif($path_to_image_directory . $filename); } elseif(preg_match('/[.](png)$/', $filename)) { $im = imagecreatefrompng($path_to_image_directory . $filename); } $ox = imagesx($im); $oy = imagesy($im); $nx = $final_width_of_image; $ny = floor($oy * ($final_width_of_image / $ox)); $nm = imagecreatetruecolor($nx, $ny); imagecopyresized($nm, $im, 0,0,0,0,$nx,$ny,$ox,$oy); imagejpeg($nm, $path_to_thumbs_directory . $filename); $tn = '<img src="' . $path_to_thumbs_directory . $filename . '" alt="image" />'; echo $tn; } if(isset($_FILES['fupload'])) { if(preg_match('/[.](jpg)|(gif)|(png)$/', $_FILES['fupload']['name'])) { $filename = $_FILES['fupload']['name']; $source = $_FILES['fupload']['tmp_name']; $target = $path_to_image_directory . $filename; move_uploaded_file($source, $target); createThumbnail($filename); } } ?> Basically it is supposed to generate a thumbnail of the uploaded image and store the original image into a different folder. The paths are correct, it works by getting the folder name in the URL, it does work, but nothing works for the thumbnails folder. BEFORE you ask this related question, yes, thumbnails generation does work on my server by the PHP GD, I have tested it separately. So this is not the problem. :) How do I get this to work? :(

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  • Scaling up an image

    - by codefail
    How do I fulfill the condition "returns the entire scaled up image" If I am coding this correctly, scaleColor handles individual colors, getRed handles the red, etc. I am multiplying this by the input, numTimes, which will create a new image that is scaled up it. This scaled up (increase size) is to be returned. This is what I have. Image Image::scaleUp(int numTimes) const { for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { pixelData[x][y].scaleColor(pixelData[x][y].scaleRed(pixelData[x][y].getRed()*numTimes)); pixelData[x][y].scaleColor(pixelData[x][y].scaleGreen(pixelData[x][y].getGreen()*numTimes)); pixelData[x][y].scaleColor(pixelData[x][y].scaleBlue(pixelData[x][y].getBlue()*numTimes)); } } //return Image(); }

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  • PHP Thumbnail Image Resizing with proportions

    - by Sam
    Hi all. As a brief run down, I am currently making a dating type site. Users can create accounts and upload profile pictures (up to 8). In order to display these in the browse area of the website, I am looking for a way in PHP (with third party processor/scripts) to resize all images uploaded to have thumbnails that adhere to certain dimensions. As an example, I will want "profile" images (thumbnails) to be NO larger than 120*150px. The scripting needs to resize uploaded images (regardless of whether they are portrait or landscape, and regardless of proportions) to adhere to these dimensions without getting stretched. The width (eg. 120pixels) should always remain the same, but the height (eg. 150px) can vary in order to keep the image in proportion. If it's a landscape photo, I'm assuming the script would need to take a chunk out of the middle of the image? The reason that all images to be resized is so that when profiles are display in a grid that all thumbnails are roughly the same size. Any input would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to start writing out an existing AudioQueue in response to an event?

    - by Halle
    Hello, I am writing a class that opens an AudioQueue and analyzes its characteristics, and then under certain conditions can begin or end writing out a file from that AudioQueue that is already instantiated. This is my code (entirely based on SpeakHere) that opens the AudioQueue without writing anything out to tmp: void AQRecorder::StartListen() { int i, bufferByteSize; UInt32 size; try { SetupAudioFormat(kAudioFormatLinearPCM); XThrowIfError(AudioQueueNewInput(&mRecordFormat, MyInputBufferHandler, this, NULL, NULL, 0, &mQueue), "AudioQueueNewInput failed"); mRecordPacket = 0; size = sizeof(mRecordFormat); XThrowIfError(AudioQueueGetProperty(mQueue, kAudioQueueProperty_StreamDescription, &mRecordFormat, &size), "couldn't get queue's format"); bufferByteSize = ComputeRecordBufferSize(&mRecordFormat, kBufferDurationSeconds); for (i = 0; i < kNumberRecordBuffers; ++i) { XThrowIfError(AudioQueueAllocateBuffer(mQueue, bufferByteSize, &mBuffers[i]), "AudioQueueAllocateBuffer failed"); XThrowIfError(AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(mQueue, mBuffers[i], 0, NULL), "AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer failed"); } mIsRunning = true; XThrowIfError(AudioQueueStart(mQueue, NULL), "AudioQueueStart failed"); } catch (CAXException &e) { char buf[256]; fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s (%s)\n", e.mOperation, e.FormatError(buf)); } catch (...) { fprintf(stderr, "An unknown error occurred\n"); } } But I'm a little unclear on how to write a function that will tell this queue "from now until the stop signal, start writing out this queue to tmp as a file". I understand how to tell an AudioQueue to write out as a file at the time that it's created, how to set files format, etc, but not how to tell it to start and stop midstream. Much appreciative of any pointers, thanks.

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