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• Which programming languages have helped you to understand programming better?

  - by Xaisoft

  Which programming languages not only make you more proficient in the particular language your are learning, but also have a direct impact on the way you think and understand programming in general; therefore, making you a better programmer in other languages. Basically, which languages have the biggest impact on understanding the how and why of different programming concepts? What about Scheme? I have heard good things about that. I thought about taking the simplest of problems and implementing them in various languages. Has anyone done this?

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• Decision Tree code golf

  - by Chris Jester-Young

  In Google Code Jam 2009, Round 1B, there is a problem called Decision Tree that lent itself to rather creative solutions. Post your shortest solution; I'll update the Accepted Answer to the current shortest entry on a semi-frequent basis, assuming you didn't just create a new language just to solve this problem. :-P Current rankings: 107 Perl 121 PostScript (binary) 136 Ruby 154 Arc 160 PostScript (ASCII85) 170 PostScript 192 Python 199 Common Lisp 214 LilyPond 222 JavaScript 273 Scheme 280 R 312 Haskell 314 PHP 339 m4 346 C 406 Fortran 462 Java 476 Java (well, kind of) 718 OCaml 759 F# 1741 sed C++ not qualified for now

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• Method signature Vs function prototype

  - by Maroloccio

  A formal definition of the two? Current Wiki articles denote their different contexts and applications, such as internal type signature "strings" in Java VMs (1) and C/C++ function prototypes informing compilers of upcoming method definitions (2) but... 1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_signature 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_prototype ... where to look for a definition which clearly and formally distinguished one from the other? There is literature using the words prototype and signature almost interchangeably yet other uses appear strict and consistent, if language-specific. Background: I am writing documentation for a sample compiler written for a University project.

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• Scrape HTML tables from a given URL into CSV

  - by dreeves

  I seek a tool that can be run on the command line like so: tablescrape 'http://someURL.foo.com' [n] If n is not specified and there's more than one HTML table on the page, it should summarize them (header row, total number of rows) in a numbered list. If n is specified or if there's only one table, it should parse the table and spit it to stdout as CSV or TSV. Potential additional features: To be really fancy you could parse a table within a table, but for my purposes -- fetching data from wikipedia pages and the like -- that's overkill. The Perl module HTML::TableExtract can do this and may be good place to start for writing the tool I have in mind. An option to asciify any unicode. An option to apply an arbitrary regex substitution for fixing weirdnesses in the parsed table. Related questions: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/259091/how-can-i-scrape-an-html-table-to-csv http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1403087/how-can-i-convert-an-html-table-to-csv http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2861/options-for-html-scraping

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• What is the python "with" statement designed for?

  - by fmark

  I came across the Python with statement for the first time today. I've been using Python lightly for several months and didn't even of its existence! Given its somewhat obscure status, I thought it would be worth asking: What is the Python with statement designed to be used for? What do you use it for? Are their any gotchas I need to be aware of, or common anti-patterns associated with its use?

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• Why is Self assignable in Delphi?

  - by mjustin

  This code in a GUI application compiles and runs: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin Self := TForm1.Create(Owner); end; (tested with Delphi 6 and 2009) why is Self writeable and not read-only? in which situations could this be useful? Edit: is this also possible in Delphi Prism? (I think yes it is, see here) Update: Delphi applications/libraries which make use of Self assignment: python4delphi

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• Embedded Prolog Interpreter/Compiler for Java

  - by Sami

  I'm working on an application in Java, that needs to do some complex logic rule deductions as part of its functionality. I'd like to code my logic deductions in Prolog or some other logic/constraint programming language, instead of Java, as I believe the resulting code will be significantly simpler and more maintainable. I Googled for embedded Java implementations on Prolog, and found number of them, each with very little documentation. My (modest) selection criteria are: should be embeddable in Java (e.g. can be bundled up with my java package instead of requiring any native installations on external programs) simple interface to use from Java (for initiating deductions, inspecting results, and adding rules) come with at least a few examples on how to use it doesn't necessarely have to be Prolog, but other logic/constraint programming languages with the above criteria would suit my needs, too. What choices do I have and what are their advantages and disadvantages?

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• Why can I access private/protected methods using Object#send in Ruby?

  - by smotchkkiss

  The class class A private def foo puts :foo end public def bar puts :bar end private def zim puts :zim end protected def dib puts :dib end end instance of A a = A.new test a.foo rescue puts :fail a.bar rescue puts :fail a.zim rescue puts :fail a.dib rescue puts :fail a.gaz rescue puts :fail test output fail bar fail fail fail .send test [:foo, :bar, :zim, :dib, :gaz].each { |m| a.send(m) rescue puts :fail } .send output foo bar zim dib fail The question The section labeled "Test Output" is the expected result. So why can I access private/protected method by simply Object#send? Perhaps more important: What is the difference between public/private/protected in Ruby? When to use each? Can someone provide real world examples for private and protected usage?

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• Helper Casting Functions -- Is it a code smell?

  - by Earlz

  I recently began to start using functions to make casting easier on my fingers for one instance I had something like this ((Dictionary<string,string>)value).Add(foo); and converted it to a tiny little helper function so I can do this ToDictionary(value).Add(foo); Is this a code smell? Also, what about simpler examples? For example in my scripting engine I've considered making things like this ((StringVariable)arg).Value="foo"; be ToStringVar(arg).Value="foo"; I really just dislike how inorder to cast a value and instantly get a property from it you must enclose it in double parentheses. I have a feeling the last one is much worse than the first one though (also I've marked this language agnostic even though my example is C#)

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• What is your wishlist for Python 3.2 (or Python 3.x)?

  - by ilya n.

  I've just read the What's New in Python 3.1 text (and I like many things). What's your idea of the thing that didn't go there but you would like to see in the future Python versions?

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• In Scala, when is (A,A)=>R not equivalent to Function2 ?

  - by Alex R

  I'm trying to define and use my own foreach function. This is in the middle of a larger block of code. But the essence of the error I'm getting is this: test_2.scala:32: error: type mismatch; found : (A, A) = Unit required: Function2 $amount.foreach( (k:A,v:A) = { How is this error conceivably possible? Isn't (A, A) => Unit always a subtype of Function2 regardless of what else might be going on in the code?

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• Displaying Hebrew text in a console

  - by Dani

  How to add a new font to the console (win7), and where can I find the right font in hebrew? I'm already find it http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=KB;EN-US;Q247815, but it not helps me. thanks, Dani.

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• Code Golf Christmas Edition: How to print out a Christmas tree of height N

  - by TheSoftwareJedi

  Given a number N, how can I print out a Christmas tree of height N using the least number of code characters? N is assumed constrained to a min val of 3, and a max val of 30 (bounds and error checking are not necessary). N is given as the one and only command line argument to your program or script. All languages appreciated, if you see a language already implemented and you can make it shorter, edit if possible - comment otherwise and hope someone cleans up the mess. Include newlines and whitespace for clarity, but don't include them in the character count. A Christmas tree is generated as such, with its "trunk" consisting of only a centered "*" N = 3: * *** ***** * N = 4: * *** ***** ******* * N = 5: * *** ***** ******* ********* * N defines the height of the branches not including the one line trunk. Merry Christmas SO!

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• Code Golf: Zigzag pattern scanning

  - by fbrereto

  The Challenge The shortest code by character count that takes a single input integer N (N = 3) and returns an array of indices that when iterated would traverse an NxN matrix according to the JPEG "zigzag" scan pattern. The following is an example traversal over an 8x8 matrix (referenced from here:) Examples (The middle matrix is not part of the input or output, just a representation of the NxN matrix the input represents.) 1 2 3 (Input) 3 --> 4 5 6 --> 1 2 4 7 5 3 6 8 9 (Output) 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 (Input) 4 --> 5 6 7 8 --> 1 2 5 9 6 3 4 7 10 13 14 11 8 12 15 16 (Output) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Notes: The resulting array's base should be appropriate for your language (e.g., Matlab arrays are 1-based, C++ arrays are 0-based). This is related to this question.

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• What every web developer should know?

  - by arikfr

  Let's say you got a new intern, who's a third-year CS student. He has firm knowledge of the basics, has some experience with C/Java from the courses he took and a lot of desire to learn more. What would you teach him in order to become a good web developer? What I had in mind is: HTML/CSS and the importance of writing semantic markup Javascript, some JS framework (jQuery), JSON Basics of Git/Subversion (whatever you use) The language we use (Ruby, Python, PHP, C#, whatever) Introduction the web framework we use (Rails, Django, ASP.NET MVC...) MVC - what/why/who RESTful web services - how to consume them and how to create one What's on your list?

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• Handling conflicting priorities and expectations in project development

  - by jasonk

  There are any number of situations in the standard day where priority conflicts exist for projects. Management wants maximum productivity from employees. Marketing wants maximum salability and fast turnaround. Ownership wants maximum profit. Customers want usability and low cost. Regardless of the origin of the demands, time and money are always the limiting factor in business. Sometimes project elements have intrinsic or goodwill benefits for which there is not a hard, fast way to measure with monetary means (e.g. arguments for an attractive UI appeal vs. functional but plain). Other elements of software may have a method of providing “mental breaks” or motivating “cool factor” for developers that can get them back on track on other bigger, complex issues. While they may sidetrack the project short term they may have greater results long term through improved job satisfaction, etc. Continued training is a must, but working it in can setup back progress. What are your suggestions for setting priorities? How do you evaluate requests/demands on your projects? What are your suggestions for communicating and passing those on to your team in a way that they stay focused?

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• What is the best way to attach static methods to classes rather than to instances of a class?

  - by John Gietzen

  If I have a method for calculating the greatest common divisor of two integers as: public static int GCD(int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : GCD(b, a % b); } What would be the best way to attach that to the System.Math class? Here are the three ways I have come up with: public static int GCD(this int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : b.GCD(a % b); } // Lame... var gcd = a.GCD(b); and: public static class RationalMath { public static int GCD(int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : GCD(b, a % b); } } // Lame... var gcd = RationalMath.GCD(a, b); and: public static int GCD(this Type math, int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : typeof(Math).GCD(b, a % b); } // Neat? var gcd = typeof(Math).GCD(a, b); The desired syntax is Math.GCD since that is the standard for all mathematical functions. Any suggestions? What should I do to get the desired syntax?

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• Need an algorithm to group several parameters of a person under the persons name

  - by QuickMist

  Hi. I have a bunch of names in alphabetical order with multiple instances of the same name all in alphabetical order so that the names are all grouped together. Beside each name, after a coma, I have a role that has been assigned to them, one name-role pair per line, something like whats shown below name1,role1 name1,role2 name1,role3 name1,role8 name2,role8 name2,role2 name2,role4 name3,role1 name4,role5 name4,role1 ... .. . I am looking for an algorithm to take the above .csv file as input create an output .csv file in the following format name1,role1,role2,role3,role8 name2,role8,role2,role4 name3,role1 name4,role5,role1 ... .. . So basically I want each name to appear only once and then the roles to be printed in csv format next to the names for all names and roles in the input file. The algorithm should be language independent. I would appreciate it if it does NOT use OOP principles :-) I am a newbie.

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• NetBeans Tips and Tricks

  - by cdmckay

  I just saw an Eclipse tips & tricks post and was wondering if anyone had any tips & tricks for my IDE of choice: NetBeans. Here's a few I know and find to be useful: Removing a package: After you remove a package in NetBeans, it sticks around as a grayed-out package in your Project view. To get rid of that, switch to Files view and delete the directory. Alt-Insert (in Windows) opens up a Generate submenu at your cursor. A nice shortcut for quickly generating getters/setters (among other things). Selecting a chunk of code, right-clicking and then clicking "Refactor Introduce Method" will have NetBeans introduce a method, complete with arguments and return value. Of course you have to make sure the chunk of code only has one return value. Sometimes when you run a build and it crashes, the Java window sticks around at the bottom. I used to just click X until Windows let me End Task, but there's a nicer way to get rid of them. Click "Run Stop Build/Run" and NetBeans will close the window for you. It'll even let you close multiple applications at once. These may seem obvious to grizzled NetBeans developers, but I thought they might be useful for NetBeans newbs like me. Anyone else have any tips/tricks to share? Here are some from the comments: NetBeans allows for code templates. You can even add yours on the Code Templates tab under the Editor settings on the Options window. Some examples: Type sout and hit the tab key as a shorcut for System.out.println("") Type psvm and hit the tab key as a shorcut for public static void main(String args[]) {} Ctrl Shift C: Comments out the selected block of code. Alt Shift F: Formats the selected block of code. Ctrl E: Deletes current line. Ctrl Shift I: Fixes your imports, handy if you've just written a piece of code that needs a lot of packages imported.

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• Naive Bayesian for Topic detection using "Bag of Words" approach

  - by AlgoMan

  I am trying to implement a naive bayseian approach to find the topic of a given document or stream of words. Is there are Naive Bayesian approach that i might be able to look up for this ? Also, i am trying to improve my dictionary as i go along. Initially, i have a bunch of words that map to a topics (hard-coded). Depending on the occurrence of the words other than the ones that are already mapped. And depending on the occurrences of these words i want to add them to the mappings, hence improving and learning about new words that map to topic. And also changing the probabilities of words. How should i go about doing this ? Is my approach the right one ? Which programming language would be best suited for the implementation ?

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• What is the best way to attach extenstion methods to static classes rather than to instances of a cl

  - by John Gietzen

  If I have a method for calculating the greatest common divisor of two integers as: public static int GCD(int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : GCD(b, a % b); } What would be the best way to attach that to the System.Math class? Here are the three ways I have come up with: public static int GCD(this int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : b.GCD(a % b); } // Lame... var gcd = a.GCD(b); and: public static class RationalMath { public static int GCD(int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : GCD(b, a % b); } } // Lame... var gcd = RationalMath.GCD(a, b); and: public static int GCD(this Type math, int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : typeof(Math).GCD(b, a % b); } // Neat? var gcd = typeof(Math).GCD(a, b); The desired syntax is Math.GCD since that is the standard for all mathematical functions. Any suggestions? What should I do to get the desired syntax?

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• Differences between Perl and PHP

  - by lok

  I'm planning to lern Perl 5 and as I have only used PHP until now, I wanted to know a bit about how the languages differ from each other. As PHP started out as a set of "Perl hacks" it has obviously cloned some of Perls features. What are the main differences in the syntax? Is it true that with Perl you have more options and ways to express something? Why is Perl not used for dynamic websites very often anymore? What made PHP gain more popularity than it?

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• View Latest Comments Made

  - by Abs

  Hello all, I hope I can give feedback like this. It may be just me and others may have already suggested this but is there a way to view our recent comments in our account profiles? I mean I can see questions asked, questions answered etc. But there are loads of questions where I add a comment to the question asker and when I leave the site, I either have to remember what the question was to go back and check if anyone has posted anything. Simply, I think having a place where we can view our latest comments if not all our comments in the control panel/user area would be great! Thanks all

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• Can you do Logic Programming in Scala?

  - by Alex R

  I read somewhere that Pattern Matching like that supported by the match/case feature in Scala was actually borrowed from Logic languages like Prolog. Can you use Scala to elegantly solve problems like the Connected Graph problem? e.g. https://www.csupomona.edu/~jrfisher/www/prolog_tutorial/2_15.html

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• Which languages support *recursive* function literals / anonymous functions?

  - by Hugh Allen

  It seems quite a few mainstream languages support function literals these days. They are also called anonymous functions, but I don't care if they have a name. The important thing is that a function literal is an expression which yields a function which hasn't already been defined elsewhere, so for example in C, &printf doesn't count. EDIT to add: if you have a genuine function literal expression <exp>, you should be able to pass it to a function f(<exp>) or immediately apply it to an argument, ie. <exp>(5). I'm curious which languages let you write function literals which are recursive. Wikipedia's "anonymous recursion" article doesn't give any programming examples. Let's use the recursive factorial function as the example. Here are the ones I know: JavaScript / ECMAScript can do it with callee: function(n){if (n<2) {return 1;} else {return n * arguments.callee(n-1);}} it's easy in languages with letrec, eg Haskell (which calls it let): let fac x = if x<2 then 1 else fac (x-1) * x in fac and there are equivalents in Lisp and Scheme. Note that the binding of fac is local to the expression, so the whole expression is in fact an anonymous function. Are there any others?

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