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  • TCP dies on a Linux laptop

    - by Roman Cheplyaka
    Once in several days I have the following problem. My laptop (Debian GNU/Linux testing) suddenly becomes unable to work with TCP connections to the internet. The following things continue to work fine: UDP (DNS), ICMP (ping) — I get instant response TCP connections to other machines in the local network (e.g. I can ssh to a neighbour laptop) everything is ok for other machines in my LAN But when I try TCP connections from my laptop, they time out (no response to SYN packets). Here's a typical curl output: % curl -v google.com * About to connect() to google.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 173.194.39.105... * Connection timed out * Trying 173.194.39.110... * Connection timed out * Trying 173.194.39.97... * Connection timed out * Trying 173.194.39.102... * Timeout * Trying 173.194.39.98... * Timeout * Trying 173.194.39.96... * Timeout * Trying 173.194.39.103... * Timeout * Trying 173.194.39.99... * Timeout * Trying 173.194.39.101... * Timeout * Trying 173.194.39.104... * Timeout * Trying 173.194.39.100... * Timeout * Trying 2a00:1450:400d:803::1009... * Failed to connect to 2a00:1450:400d:803::1009: Network is unreachable * Success * couldn't connect to host * Closing connection #0 curl: (7) Failed to connect to 2a00:1450:400d:803::1009: Network is unreachable Restarting the connection and/or reloading the network card kernel module doesn't help. The only thing that helps is reboot. Clearly something is wrong with my system (everything else works fine), but I have no idea what exactly. I don't know how to reproduce this, but as I said, it happens every several days. My setup is a wireless router that is connected to the ISP via PPPoE. Any advice?

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  • Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

    - by Tommy
    I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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  • What and all the areas of Linux a PHP developer should know about? (Like just commands of it or something advanced)

    - by droidsites
    I've developed a website using PHP but I implemented it on Windows OS and hosted it on Windows server. I just searched the PHP job market to know the on-going technology requirement and to keep my knowledge up-to-date accordingly with the job market. I see more are asking for LAMP stack. I understand the sort of skills required for a developer in PHP and MySQL. But coming to the Linux and Apache what kind of the skills exactly companies expect from a developer? On what should I be focusing in case of Linux, Apache whilst developing my website using these LAMP stack? I am going to develop a new website and want it to be using LAMP. But I want to know what difference it makes? Why LAMP stack got more demand in the job market compared to WAMP ? Edit: Sorry I thought my question is creating confusion ... so I put my question in different words as What and all the areas of a Linux a PHP developer should know about? (Like just commands of it or something advanced) Note: I am Linux newbie

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  • Print from Linux to Windows networked printer

    - by wonkothenoob
    I want to print from a Debian (Lenny) workstation to a Windows networked printer. I'm not even sure what type of Windows network this is. Our tech-support is friendly but doesn't want to get involved with supporting Linux. I need to use it for a variety of reasons and am completely stumped because I know nothing about Windows networking. They gave me URI smb://msprint.ourorg.edu as the "address" of the printer and further confirmed that the domain is "OURORG" and the share is "PHYS-PRI". I've installed CUPS and made sure that it's running as a daemon, I've clicked on the system-config-printer[1] icon, selected the printer as a Windows printer shared via SAMBA and entered the above URI. Attempting to print a testpage just sees it sit in the queue. I attempted to see if I could access the share using two other methods. Method 1. First I tried the "smbclient" from the CLI: $ smbclient -L //msprint.ourorg.edu -U user23 timeout connecting to 192.168.44.3:445 timeout connecting to 192.168.44.3:139 Connection to msprint.ourorg.edu failed (Error NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) Method 2. I tried to use the GUI tool Smb4K. This shows me four other toplevel (I'm assuming they're domains?) groupings one of which is the one which our IT department supplied to me. Clicking them shows a bunch of other machines with (what I assume are NetBIOS names?) including my own. I see all sorts of other networked printers belonging to other departments but none within mine. Certainly not the PHYS-PRI one suggested to me by the IT folks. I realize that I'm probably using the wrong terminology for the windows network, but can anyone help me with this? What steps should I be taking in debugging this? Do I need to actually run my machine as a SAMBA server to authenticate to the printer or should I just be able to communicate using CUPS? It's a GUI to CUPS configuration http://cyberelk.net/tim/software/system-config-printer/

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  • Email server for huge number of subscriber

    - by bogha
    My question is that my company is thinking of providing a free email account for each of its customers. As a new company we will assume that our corporate email system will be MS Exchange server which will support about 1000 employees. They are asking why not adding the customer list to be a part of Exchange users. My suggestion was to separate the two systems, for the corporate we can use Exchange but for customers (around 30000) we have to use a Linux based system. My only argument was that Linux can be used for enterprise services like this and Microsoft may fail. What do you suggest? And if you are with me on choosing Linux as the server platform, what do you suggest to use as an alternative for Exchange in Linux? Thank you.

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  • Small maximum number of connections on a Linux router

    - by Eugene
    I have a Linux box acting as a router with no iptables or other firewall and no networking applications running on it, just pure router. I've put it in a test environment that generates many TCP connections, each having unique source and destination IP, and those connections go through this router. I'm observing that number of connections successfully created rise to approximately 500 and then no more connections can be created for several minutes, then another 100 connections can be created and there is another pause, and so on. If 10 connections for each source-destination pair are created, then maximum numbers go about 10 times up, so the problem is probably with many connections from different IPs. As traffic is simply routed, it doesn't have to do with number of file descriptors, iptables connection tracking and other things often proposed to check in similar cases. The box has plenty of free RAM and CPU, both NICs are gigabit. The kernel is 2.6.32. I've already tried increasing net.core.*mem_max, net.core.netdev_max_backlog and txqueuelen on both NICs, with completely no effect. What else should I check ? Is there some rate-limit in the kernel itself ?

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  • Delete a iptables chain with its all rules

    - by timy
    I have a chain appended with many rules like: > :i_XXXXX_i - [0:0] > -A INPUT -s 282.202.203.83/32 -j i_XXXXX_i > -A INPUT -s 222.202.62.253/32 -j i_XXXXX_i > -A INPUT -s 222.202.60.62/32 -j i_XXXXX_i > -A INPUT -s 224.93.27.235/32 -j i_XXXXX_i > -A OUTPUT -d 282.202.203.83/32 -j i_XXXXX_i > -A OUTPUT -d 222.202.62.253/32 -j i_XXXXX_i > -A OUTPUT -d 222.202.60.62/32 -j i_XXXXX_i > -A OUTPUT -d 224.93.27.235/32 -j i_XXXXX_i when I try to delete this chain with: iptables -X XXXX but got error like (tried iptables -F XXXXX before): iptables: Too many links. Is there a easy way to delete the chain by once command?

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  • Linux iptables / conntrack performance issue

    - by tim
    I have a test-setup in the lab with 4 machines: 2 old P4 machines (t1, t2) 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t3) Intel e1000 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t4) Intel e1000 to test linux firewall performance since we got bitten by a number of syn-flood attacks in the last months. All machines run Ubuntu 12.04 64bit. t1, t2, t3 are interconnected through an 1GB/s switch, t4 is connected to t3 via an extra interface. So t3 simulates the firewall, t4 is the target, t1,t2 play the attackers generating a packetstorm thorugh (192.168.4.199 is t4): hping3 -I eth1 --rand-source --syn --flood 192.168.4.199 -p 80 t4 drops all incoming packets to avoid confusion with gateways, performance issues of t4 etc. I watch the packet stats in iptraf. I have configured the firewall (t3) as follows: stock 3.2.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP kernel rhash_entries=33554432 as kernel parameter sysctl as follows: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_elasticity = 2 net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_interval = 5 net.ipv4.route.gc_min_interval_ms = 500 net.ipv4.route.gc_thresh = 2000000 net.ipv4.route.max_size = 20000000 (I have tweaked a lot to keep t3 running when t1+t2 are sending as many packets as possible). The result of this efforts are somewhat odd: t1+t2 manage to send each about 200k packets/s. t4 in the best case sees aroung 200k in total so half of the packets are lost. t3 is nearly unusable on console though packets are flowing through it (high numbers of soft-irqs) the route cache garbage collector is no way near to being predictable and in the default setting overwhelmed by very few packets/s (<50k packets/s) activating stateful iptables rules makes the packet rate arriving on t4 drop to around 100k packets/s, efectively losing more than 75% of the packets And this - here is my main concern - with two old P4 machines sending as many packets as they can - which means nearly everyone on the net should be capable of this. So here goes my question: Did I overlook some importand point in the config or in my test setup? Are there any alternatives for building firewall system especially on smp systems?

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  • Howto align partitions in Linux + NetApp

    - by santisaez
    NetApp support has suggested us aligning partitions to improve performance, in short: starting sector must be divisible by 8. How can I move the start point in a misaligned partition -in production, with ext3- under Linux? A screenshot with a misaligned (start=63s) and aligned (start=64s) partition is available at: http://filesocial.com/lkwvvn2 (If anyone is interested in this topic, NetApp has a good document explaining performance issues in misaligned partitions, search for "tr-3747": Best Practices for File System Alignment in Virtual Environments.) I have tried using parted "resize + move" commands, but when moving start point a get this error: (parted) resize Partition number? 1 Start? [64s]? End? [419425019s]? 419425018 (parted) move Partition number? 1 Start? 65 End? [419425019s]? 419425019 Error: Can't move a partition onto itself. Try using resize, perhaps? Using fdisk 'b' command in expert mode ('move beginning of data in a partition') works, but it doesn't move the file system.. thanks!!

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  • Slower/cached Linux file system required

    - by Chopper3
    I know it sounds odd but I need a slower or cached filesystem. I have a lot of firewalls that are syslog'ing their data to a pair of Linux VMs which write these files to their 'local' (actually FC SAN attached) ext3-formatted disks and also forward the messages to our Splunk servers. The problem is that the syslog server is writing these syslog messages as hundreds, sometimes thousands, of tiny ~4k writes per second back to our FC SAN - which can handle this workload right now but our FW traffic's going to be growing by at least a factor of 5000% (really) in coming months and that'll be a pain for the SAN, I want to fix the root cause before it's a problem. So I need some help figuring out a way of getting these writes cached or held-off in some way from the 'physical' disks so that the VMs fire off larger, but less frequent, writes - there's no way of avoiding these writes but there's no need for it to do so many tiny ones. I've looked at the various ext3 options, setting noatime and nodiratime but that's not made much of a dent in the problem. Obviously I'm investigating other file systems but thought I'd throw this out in case others have the same problem in the future. Oh and I can't just forward these messages to Splunk, our firewall team insist they're in their original format for diag purposes.

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  • Possible for linux bridge to intercept traffic?

    - by A G
    I have a linux machine setup as a bridge between a client and a server; brctl addbr0 brctl addif br0 eth1 brctl addif br0 eth2 ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0 ifconfig eth2 0.0.0.0 ip link set br0 up I also have an application listening on port 8080 of this machine. Is it possible to have traffic destined for port 80 to be passed to my application? I have done some research and it looks like it could be done using ebtables and iptables. Here is the rest of my setup: //set the ebtables to pass this traffic up to ip for processing; DROP on the broute table should do this ebtables -t broute -A BROUTING -p ipv4 --ip-proto tcp --ip-dport 80 -j redirect --redirect-target DROP //set iptables to forward this traffic to my app listening on port 8080 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j TPROXY --on-port 8080 --tproxy-mark 1/1 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -j MARK --set-mark 1/1 //once the flows are marked, have them delivered locally via loopback interface ip rule add fwmark 1/1 table 1 ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 1 //enable ip packet forwarding echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward However nothing is coming into my application. Am I missing anything? My understanding is that the target DROP on the broute BROUTING chain will push it up to be processed by iptables. Secondly, are there any other alternatives I should investigate? Edit: IPtables gets it at nat PREROUTING, but it looks like it drops after that; the INPUT chain (in either mangle or filter) doesn't see the packet.

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  • Raid system fails to boot after moving from 2.6 kernel to 3.5

    - by user846226
    I'm running Gentoo Linux with a custom compiled kernel and I've just migrated from a 2.6 kernel to a 3.5. As my HD's are on RAID 0 mode I use a custom initrd file in order to be able to boot. While kernel 2.6 is able to boot without problems the new 3.5 compiled kernel fails to boot complaining about no block devices found. After taking a look at initrd.cpio contained scripts I can see the failure message is given by mdadm tool. Does anyone has a clue about that? Edit: this morning i noticed there was some kind of issue on my old initrd which works fine for 2.6 kernels, so created a new initrd which works fine and let me to boot into GNU/Gentoo Linux with same 3.5 bzImage. It could be an issue of mdadm, gonna check it. https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=416081

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  • linux automatic change permissions in resolv.file

    - by rikr
    In various linux servers I see how the permissions of the /etc/resolv.conf file change automatically. In state normal: -r--r--r-- 1 root root 103 Jul 4 11:50 resolv.conf In changed state: -r--r----- 1 root root 103 Jul 4 11:50 resolv.conf I installed auditd for monitoring it, and these are the two entries between the change: type=PATH msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:20:02.719:303) : item=0 name=/etc/resolv.conf inode=137102 dev=fe:00 mode=file,644 ouid=root ogid=root rdev=00:00 type=CWD msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:20:02.719:303) : cwd=/ type=SYSCALL msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:20:02.719:303) : arch=x86_64 syscall=open success=yes exit=3 a0=7feeb1405dec a1=0 a2=1b6 a3=0 items=1 ppid=1585 pid=3445 auid=unset uid=root gid=root euid=root suid=root fsuid=root egid=root sgid=root fsgid=root tty=(none) ses=4294967295 comm=hostid exe=/usr/bin/hostid key=(null) type=PATH msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:50:03.727:304) : item=0 name=/etc/resolv.conf inode=137102 dev=fe:00 mode=file,440 ouid=root ogid=root rdev=00:00 type=CWD msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:50:03.727:304) : cwd=/ type=SYSCALL msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:50:03.727:304) : arch=x86_64 syscall=open success=yes exit=3 a0=7f2bcf7abdec a1=0 a2=1b6 a3=0 items=1 ppid=1585 pid=3610 auid=unset uid=root gid=root euid=root suid=root fsuid=root egid=root sgid=root fsgid=root tty=(none) ses=4294967295 comm=hostid exe=/usr/bin/hostid key=(null) any ideas?

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  • How can I backup a remote dedicated Server 2008 to my own computer at home?

    - by Nishant
    My server 2008 has mysql databases, SQL Server databases, and multiple websites. How do I back this information up? I have setup the dedicated server to have two 300GB hard drives and they are both mirrored. I want to make sure that I have a backup somewhere else as well. If it's not my home server, I don't mind backing up somewhere else either but I want to make sure I can restore it completely in case of a failure.

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  • What and all the areas of a Linux a PHP developer should know about? (Like just commands of it or something advanced)

    - by droidsites
    I've developed a website using PHP but I implemented it on Windows OS and hosted it on Windows server. I just searched the PHP job market to know the on-going technology requirement and to keep my knowledge up-to-date accordingly with the job market. I see more are asking for LAMP stack. I understand the sort of skills required for a developer in PHP and MySQL. But coming to the Linux and Apache what kind of the skills exactly companies expect from a developer? On what should I be focusing in case of Linux, Apache whilst developing my website using these LAMP stack? I am going to develop a new website and want it to be using LAMP. But I want to know what difference it makes? Why LAMP stack got more demand in the job market compared to WAMP ? Edit: Sorry I thought my question is creating confusion ... so I put my question in different words as What and all the areas of a Linux a PHP developer should know about? (Like just commands of it or something advanced) Note: I am Linux newbie

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  • Drop caches in Linux

    - by BerserkEVA
    I have an embedded Geode-based application server with 512MB RAM and I'm about to try to maximize free memory during applications workload, which uses MySQL database 5.5 with InnoDB quite aggressively. As part of the whole optimization I'd want to introduce echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches sleep 5 echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches in crontab. How often is it safe to execute something like this? Any other observation/suggestion is welcome.

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  • Magic Quadrant for x86 Server Virtualization Infrastructure

    - by Cinzia Mascanzoni
    The 2012 Gartner MQ for x86 Server Virtualization has just published.  KEY TAKEAWAYS - Oracle is in the “Challengers” quadrant. - This is a significant “jump” above the x-axis (from the “Niche” quadrant) during previous years - The move into the “Challengers” quadrant was possible for 3 primary reasons - 1) strength of the Oracle VM 3.0 release - 2) integrated management capabilities - 3) solid customer momentum during past year - Gartner even specifically states that Oracle VM use is growing amongst VMware customers Read the full report here.

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  • Linux 2.6.24-gentoo-r3-comtrance on x86_64 high Useage for unknown reasons

    - by Dorjan
    Hello everyone, I'm a complete rookie when it comes to all things Linux related so please treat me as such and assume I know nothing. That being said my Top says this: top - 12:08:03 up 11 days, 15:36, 0 users, load average: 5.47, 5.53, 5.46 Tasks: 296 total, 2 running, 294 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.3%us, 1.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 71.3%id, 20.6%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8176880k total, 8118236k used, 58644k free, 89312k buffers Swap: 1004052k total, 0k used, 1004052k free, 7235652k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1229 root 15 -5 0 0 0 D 1 0.0 199:28.63 kjournald 2946 root 20 0 1716 676 552 D 1 0.0 145:02.94 syslogd 14553 root 20 0 2644 1268 876 R 1 0.0 0:00.34 top 14609 postfix 20 0 7896 1884 1460 D 1 0.0 0:00.02 bounce 14630 postfix 20 0 7896 1876 1452 R 0 0.0 0:00.00 bounce And my hard drives says: > df -k Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 4925556 4474836 200508 96% / /dev/sda5 489992 36090 428602 8% /tmp /dev/sda6 377951852 236171160 122581816 66% /var none 4088440 0 4088440 0% /dev/shm It has been like it for a few days now... I know not what is causing the high server load (Normally around 1.3) can anyone give any tips on how to track down the culprit? Many thanks,

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  • sudo rejects password that is correct

    - by Ryan
    sudo (Which I have configured to ask for a password) is rejecting my password (as if I mis-typed it) I am absolutely not typing it incorrectly. I have changed the password temporarily to alphabetic characters only, and it looks fine in plaintext, in the same terminal. I have my username configured thus: myusername ALL=(ALL) ALL I am using my password, NOT the root password, which are distinct. Just to be sure, I've tried both (even though I know the root password is not what I should use) - neither work. I have added myself to the group 'wheel' additionally, and included the following line: %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL I'm kind of at the end of my rope here. I don't know what would cause it to act as though it was accepting my password, but then reject it. I have no trouble logging in with the same password, either at terminal shells, or through the X11 login manager.

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  • Linux that restores itself on each reboot

    - by jettero
    I'm looking for methods and software to help create a variant of lubuntu that will restore itself to an install state and/or update on every boot. I'm thinking of doing things like putting the root filesystem on a squashfs and using unionfs and tmpfs to make root writable, but automagically restorable. I'm thinking of updating the squashfs with rsync. Perhaps there are other ways to approach the problem. Perhaps root needn't be writable at all. All thoughts welcome. The home dir would be writable in the usual way. The goal, if it matters, is a Linux that's simple to maintain from the home office, but that functions correctly for customers. We have some custom software that we wish for customers to be able to run trivially on equipment we provide. Ideally these devices would have a "restore to factory" function that would put it back the way we intended. If this is part of the normal boot cycle, so much the better. Why lubuntu? Personal preference for this application. It has a usable desktop, but doesn't take up much ram.

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  • Fedora 17 transparent Ethernet Bridge not forwarding IP traffic

    - by mcdoomington
    I am running on Fedora 17 with the latest ebtables and have been trying to setup a transparent bridge - using the following script, I send a ping through the bridged host and only see the requests on the bridge (among other traffic from eth0), BUT, arps and arp replies are making it through. My host is setup - Client 192.168.1.10 <-- eth0 -- eth2 192.168.1.20 Ethernet script: #!/bin/sh brctl addbr br0; brctl stp br0 on; brctl addif br0 eth0; brctl addif br0 eth2; (ifdown eth0 1>/dev/null 2>&1;); (ifdown eth2 1>/dev/null 2>&1;); ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 up; ifconfig eth2 0.0.0.0 up; echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward; ebtables -P INPUT DROP ebtables -P FORWARD DROP ebtables -P OUTPUT DROP ebtables -A FORWARD -p ipv4 -j ACCEPT ebtables -A FORWARD -p arp -j ACCEPT Any assistance would be great!

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  • How to share a internet connection in a network with openSuse 12.2?

    - by eneepo
    I have to computer and opensuse 12.2 on both of them: Internet 192.168.2.1 | eth0 eth1 First Computer 192.168.2.2 192.168.2.10 | eth0 Second Computer 192.168.2.11 I am following the instruction on http://www.swerdna.net.au/suseics.html but as soon as I enable eth1 on first computer I lose connection with internet. I follow all the instructions I don't know which part I'm miss-configuring.

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