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  • C++ circular dependency - namespace vs struct

    - by Dead or Alive
    Please educate me. Why does this compile: struct compiles { struct A; struct B { B(const A &a) : member(a.member) { } int member; }; struct A { A(const B &b) : member(b.member) { } int member; }; }; while this does not: namespace doesnt { struct A; struct B { B(const A &a) : member(a.member) { } int member; }; struct A { A(const B &b) : member(b.member) { } int member; }; } (in MSVC 9.0)

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  • C# A simple Hangman game

    - by Radostin Angelov
    I'm trying to create a simple Hangman game and i have gotten so far, to make it read all words from a text file, but I don't know how to make the code work for every single word. I have another project, working with 3/4 words but with repeating nested if statements. I want to make it as shorter as possible. This is the code i have so far : using System; using System.Linq; class Program { static void Main() { string[] words = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"C:\Users\ADMIN\Desktop\Letters\Letters.txt"); int LengthOfArray = words.Length; Random rnd = new Random(); int random = rnd.Next(1, 3); char[] letters = words[random].ToCharArray(); bool WordIsHidden = true; char hiddenChar = '_'; char GuessedLetter = hiddenChar; var retry = true; while (retry = true) { Console.WriteLine(letters); letters = GuessedLetter.ToString().ToCharArray(); for (int i = 1; i <= LengthOfArray; i++) { Console.Write("{0} ", GuessedLetter); } Console.WriteLine("Enter a letter!"); char letter = char.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (words[random].Contains<char>(letter)) { WordIsHidden = false; GuessedLetter = letter; Console.Write(letters); } else { if (WordIsHidden == true) { Console.Write("You guessed wrong!"); } } } } } Also I'm trying to make the game show each letter, the user has guessed on it's corresponding position, but now the letter is one line higher than the rest of the word and it's not in it's right position. Edited: Here is the result : cat ___Enter a letter! a __ aaaEnter a letter! t aa tttEnter a letter! IF anyone have a clue for where does this come from and how can I fix it, any help will be greatly appreciated.

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  • problems with 'free' in C

    - by lego69
    hello, can somebody please explain can I free const char* ? I allocated new memory using malloc and when I'm trying to free it I always receive an error incompatible pointer type thanks in advance something like this char* name="Arnold"; const char* str=malloc(stlen(name)+1); free(str); <- here bug

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  • sending address of a variable declared on the stack?

    - by kobac
    I have a doubt concerning declaring variables, their scope, and if their address could be sent to other functions even if they are declared on the stack? class A{ AA a; void f1(){ B b; aa.f2(&b); } }; class AA{ B* mb; f2(B* b){ mb = b; //... } }; Afterwards, I use my AA::mb pointer in the code. So things I would like to know are following. When the program exits A::f1() function, b variable since declared as a local variable and placed on the stack, can't be used anymore afterwards. What happens with the validity of the AA::mb pointer? It contains the address of the local variable which could not be available anymore, so the pointer isn't valid anymore? If B class is a std::<vector>, and AA::mb is not a pointer anymore to that vector, but a vector collection itself for example. I would like to avoid copying all of it's contents in AA::f2() to a member AA::mb in line mb = b. Which solution would you recommend since I can't assign a pointer to it, because it'll be destroyed when the program exits AA::f2()

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  • C++ enforce conditions on inherited classes

    - by user231536
    I would like to define an abstract base class X and enforce the following: a) every concrete class Y that inherits from X define a constructor Y(int x) b) it should be possible to test whether two Y objects are equal. For a, one not very good solution is to put a pure virtual fromInt method in X which concrete class will have to define. But I cannot enforce construction. For b), I cannot seem to use a pure virtual method in X bool operator == (const X& other) const =0; because in overridden classes this remains undefined. It is not enough to define bool operator == (const Y& other) const { //stuff} because the types don't match. How do I solve these problems?

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  • expected identifier or '(' before '{' token in Flex

    - by user1829177
    I am trying to use Flex to parse 'C' source code. Unfortunately I am getting the error "expected identifier or '(' before '{' token" on lines 1,12,13,14... . Any ideas why? %{ %} digit [0-9] letter [a-zA-Z] number (digit)+ id (letter|_)(letter|digit|_)* integer (int) character (char) comma [,] %% {integer} {return INT;} {character} {return CHAR;} {number} {return NUM;} {id} {return IDENTIFIER;} {comma} {return ',';} [-+*/] {return *yytext;} . {} %% main() { yylex(); } The corresponding flex file is as shown below: %{ #include <ctype.h> #include <stdio.h> #include "myhead.h" #include "mini.l" #define YYSTYPE double # undef fprintf %} %token INT %token CHAR %token IDENTIFIER %token NUM %token ',' %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %right UMINUS %% lines:lines expr '\n' {printf("%g\n",$2);} |lines '\n' |D | ; expr :expr '*' expr {$$=$1*$3;} |expr '/' expr {$$=$1/$3;} |expr '+' expr {$$=$1+$3;} |expr '-' expr {$$=$1+$3;} |'(' expr ')' {$$=$2;} |'-' expr %prec UMINUS {$$=-$2;} |IDENTIFIER {} |NUM {} ; T :INT {} |CHAR {} ; L :L ',' IDENTIFIER {} |IDENTIFIER {} ; D :T L {printf("T is %g, L is %g",$1,$2);} ; %% /*void yyerror (char *s) { fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", s); } */ I am compiling the generated code using the command: gcc my_file.c -ly

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  • question about in -place sort

    - by davit-datuashvili
    for example we have following array char data[]=new char[]{'A','S','O','R','T','I','N','G','E','X','A','M','P','L','E'}; and index array int a[]=new int[]{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14}: void insitu(char data[],int a[],N){ for (int i=0;i<N;i++) { char v=data[i]; int j,int k; for (k=i;a[k]!=i;k=a[j];a[j]=j) { j=k;data[k]=data[a[k]; } data[k]=v; a[k]=k; } i have question what is initialize value of j? when i run this code it asks me to initialize j and what should do? }

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  • Using popen() to invoke a shell command?

    - by Anvar
    When running the following code through xcode I get inconsistent behavior. Sometimes it prints the git version correctly, other times it doesn't print anything. The return code from the shell command is always 0 though. Any ideas on why this might be? What am I doing wrong? #define BUFFER_SIZE 256 int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { FILE *fpipe; char *command="/opt/local/bin/git --version"; char line[BUFFER_SIZE]; if ( !(fpipe = (FILE*)popen(command, "r")) ) { // If fpipe is NULL perror("Problems with pipe"); exit(1); } while ( fgets( line, sizeof(char) * BUFFER_SIZE, fpipe)) { // Inconsistent (happens sometimes) printf("READING LINE"); printf("%s", line); } int status = pclose(fpipe); if (status != 0) { // Never happens printf("Strange error code: %d", status); } return 0; }

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  • Scala updating/creating value in a hashmap

    - by user1672739
    I don't understand this with Scala hasmaps: How do I create a value or update one if it does not exist? I am tryng to count the number of characters in a list of Strings. I've tried this code but it doesn't work : def times(chars: List[Char]): List[(Char, Int)] = { val map = new HashMap[Char, Int]() chars.foreach( (c : Char) => { map.update(c, map.get(c) + 1) }) } I understand the returning type isn't correct. But is my foreach loop wrong? Is there a prettier way to write it?

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  • Boost ForEach Question

    - by bobber205
    Trying to use something like the below with a char array but it doesn't compile. But the example with short[] works fine. Any idea why? :) char someChars[] = {'s','h','e','r','r','y'}; BOOST_FOREACH(char& currentChar, someChars) { } short array_short[] = { 1, 2, 3 }; BOOST_FOREACH( short & i, array_short ) { ++i; }

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  • C#: Hijacking a near relative call

    - by Lex
    Alright, I'm trying to write a vary basic modification to a program NOT written by me. I DO NOT have the source to it. I also do not care if this only works for a single version of the program, so hard coding offsets is feasible. Anyways, I've found the function and where it is called in the compiled program. .text:1901C88F loc_1901C88F: ; CODE XREF: ConnectionThread+1A2j .text:1901C88F ; DATA XREF: .text:off_1901CC64o .text:1901C88F 8B C8 mov ecx, eax ; jumptable 1901C862 case 11 .text:1901C891 8B C6 mov eax, esi .text:1901C893 E8 48 C5 FF FF call ChatEvent According to IDA the full function signature is: char *__usercall ChatEvent<eax>(char *Data<eax>, unsigned int Length<ecx>) I already have all I need to patch the program during runtime, and do whatever other manipulations I need. What I need, is to be able to write a function like so: bool ProcessChat(char *Data, unsigned int Length); char *__usercall HijackFunction(char *Data, unsigned int Length){ if (ProcessChat(Data, Length)) Call OriginalChatEvent(Data, Length); } Get the jist of what I am trying to do? With stdcall function it's easy just replace the 4 byte address with my own function's address. But this is a near relative call, which is.. more annoying. So, anyone have any idea?

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  • walking list in KDB/kernel debugger

    - by user291849
    I need to walk a link list in the kernel debugger. How can I determine the head pointer and walk the list? I have a listing and can find the address and location in the code where I check to see if I have a head, so I know the specific code location and address. But not sure how to determine the pointer or how to determine the next element and pointer on the list.

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  • VB Change Calulator

    - by BlueBeast
    I am creating a VB 2008 change calculator as an assignment. The program is to use the amount paid - the amount due to calculate the total.(this is working fine). After that, it is to break that amount down into dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies. The problem I am having is that sometimes the quantity of pennies, nickels or dimes will be a negative number. For example $2.99 = 3 Dollars and -1 Pennies. SOLVED Thanks to the responses, here is what I was able to make work with my limited knowledge. Option Explicit On Option Strict Off Option Infer Off Public Class frmMain Private Sub btnClear_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnClear.Click 'Clear boxes lblDollarsAmount.Text = String.Empty lblQuartersAmount.Text = String.Empty lblDimesAmount.Text = String.Empty lblNickelsAmount.Text = String.Empty lblPenniesAmount.Text = String.Empty txtOwed.Text = String.Empty txtPaid.Text = String.Empty lblAmountDue.Text = String.Empty txtOwed.Focus() End Sub Private Sub btnExit_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnExit.Click 'Close application' Me.Close() End Sub Private Sub btnCalculate_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnCalculate.Click ' Find Difference between Total Price and Total Received lblAmountDue.Text = Val(txtPaid.Text) - Val(txtOwed.Text) Dim intChangeAmount As Integer = lblAmountDue.Text * 100 'Declare Integers Dim intDollarsBack As Integer Dim intQuartersBack As Integer Dim intDimesBack As Integer Dim intNickelsBack As Integer Dim intPenniesBack As Integer ' Change Values Const intDollarValue As Integer = 100 Const intQuarterValue As Integer = 25 Const intDimeValue As Integer = 10 Const intNickelValue As Integer = 5 Const intPennyValue As Integer = 1 'Dollars intDollarsBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intDollarValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intDollarsBack) * intDollarValue) lblDollarsAmount.Text = intDollarsBack.ToString 'Quarters intQuartersBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intQuarterValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intQuartersBack) * intQuarterValue) lblQuartersAmount.Text = intQuartersBack.ToString 'Dimes intDimesBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intDimeValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intDimesBack) * intDimeValue) lblDimesAmount.Text = intDimesBack.ToString 'Nickels intNickelsBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intNickelValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intNickelsBack) * intNickelValue) lblNickelsAmount.Text = intNickelsBack.ToString 'Pennies intPenniesBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intPennyValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intPenniesBack) * intPennyValue) lblPenniesAmount.Text = intPenniesBack.ToString End Sub End Class

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  • Getting a character and printing it in VC++

    - by sss123
    I have a problem getting a character from the user in VC++.the function i want to use uses the char format so when i get the input using getch() it gives me an error that can't convert 'int' to 'char'. could someone please help me how to get the input in char format please?

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  • Why can't I make my parameter like this?

    - by mystify
    - (void)setPropertyValue:(const *void)inValue forID:(UInt32)propertyID { } The compiler doesn't like the const *void, for some reason. When I have that, it says: error: expected ')' before 'void' When I make the parameter like (UInt32)foo there is no problem. Does const *void only work in functions? I need a parameter which can be a "pointer to anything" like UInt32, Float64, etc.

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  • Python - Is a dictionary slow to find frequency of each character?

    - by psihodelia
    I am trying to find a frequency of each symbol in any given text using an algorithm of O(n) complexity. My algorithm looks like: s = len(text) P = 1.0/s freqs = {} for char in text: try: freqs[char]+=P except: freqs[char]=P but I doubt that this dictionary-method is fast enough, because it depends on the underlying implementation of the dictionary methods. Is this the fastest method?

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  • Without LIB And String file how can i write this code??

    - by muhammadlodhi
    #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> struct Node; typedef struct Node * PtrToNode; struct Node { char element; PtrToNode Next; }; PtrToNode MakeEmpty(PtrToNode L) { L= new(Node); L->Next=NULL; return L; } void Push(PtrToNode L,char x) { PtrToNode S; S= new(Node); S->element=x; S->Next=L->Next; L->Next=S; } char Pop(PtrToNode L) { PtrToNode P; P=L->Next; char x=P->element; L->Next=P->Next; free(P); return x; } int main() { PtrToNode L; L= MakeEmpty(NULL); char Input[1000]; int i; printf("please enter your equation:"); scanf("%s",Input); for (i = 0;i<strlen(Input);i++) { if (Input[i]=='(') { Push(L,Input[i]); } if (Input[i]==')') { if (L->Next==NULL) { printf("incorrect"); return 0; } else Pop(L); } } if (L->Next==NULL) printf("correct"); else printf("incorrect"); getch(); return 0; }

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  • Templated derived class in CRTP (Curiously Recurring Template Pattern)

    - by Butterwaffle
    Hi, I have a use of the CRTP that doesn't compile with g++ 4.2.1, perhaps because the derived class is itself a template? Does anyone know why this doesn't work or, better yet, how to make it work? Sample code and the compiler error are below. Source: foo.C #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<typename X, typename D> struct foo; template<typename X> struct bar : foo<X,bar<X> > { X evaluate() { return static_cast<X>( 5.3 ); } }; template<typename X> struct baz : foo<X,baz<X> > { X evaluate() { return static_cast<X>( "elk" ); } }; template<typename X, typename D> struct foo : D { X operator() () { return static_cast<D*>(this)->evaluate(); } }; template<typename X, typename D> void print_foo( foo<X,D> xyzzx ) { cout << "Foo is " << xyzzx() << "\n"; } int main() { bar<double> br; baz<const char*> bz; print_foo( br ); print_foo( bz ); return 0; } Compiler errors foo.C: In instantiation of ‘foo<double, bar<double> >’: foo.C:8: instantiated from ‘bar<double>’ foo.C:30: instantiated from here foo.C:18: error: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct bar<double>’ foo.C:8: error: declaration of ‘struct bar<double>’ foo.C: In instantiation of ‘foo<const char*, baz<const char*> >’: foo.C:13: instantiated from ‘baz<const char*>’ foo.C:31: instantiated from here foo.C:18: error: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct baz<const char*>’ foo.C:13: error: declaration of ‘struct baz<const char*>’

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  • between syntax, are there any equal function

    - by gcc
    /* char **mainp=malloc(sizeof(char *)*2); mainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300); mainp[1]=malloc(sizeof(char )*300); */ *I have some input about propositional calculus *After calculating some math funtion-removing paranthesis-changing"&" with ","-replacing "|" with"," I have >> (1) P,-Q,Q,-R is stored in mainp[0] R,A,P,B,F is stored in mainp[1] *My question is: Between comma , I have want to compare two pointer array. If there is any equal two or more functions(Q,-R is function representation) ,function which you will show me how to write must return int. According to example (1),function will return 1 (I expect like that) /*I have som thought://which function should I have use:*/ in for loop if( strspn(mainp[0][i])==1 ) increment d; continue; or in for loop srtcmp(mainp[0][i],mainp[1]);

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  • assigning a string to another string

    - by user1509676
    Why this code is not running? Why str1 is not assigned to str2 ?? I know i have an option of using strcpy but i wish to know the reason why this is not working?? #include<stdio.h> int main() { char str1[]="hello"; char str2[10]; str2=str1; printf("%s",str2); return 0; } Whereas if I use pointers than it works like here.. #include<stdio.h> int main() ( char *s="good morning"; char *q; q=s; while(*q!='\0') { printf("%c",*q); q++; } return 0; } This works. Now the string has been copied via pointers so why such difference??

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  • How to stable_sort without copying?

    - by Mehrdad
    Why does stable_sort need a copy constructor? (swap should suffice, right?) Or rather, how do I stable_sort a range without copying any elements? #include <algorithm> class Person { Person(Person const &); // Disable copying public: Person() : age(0) { } int age; void swap(Person &other) { using std::swap; swap(this->age, other.age); } friend void swap(Person &a, Person &b) { a.swap(b); } bool operator <(Person const &other) const { return this->age < other.age; } }; int main() { static size_t const n = 10; Person people[n]; std::stable_sort(people, people + n); }

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  • c# convert string that has ctrl+z to regular string

    - by I__
    i have a string like this: some_string="A simple demo of SMS text messaging." + Convert.ToChar(26)); what is the SIMPLEST way of me getting rid of the char 26? please keep in mind that sometimes some_string has char 26 and sometimes it does not, and it can be in different positions too, so i need to know what is the most versatile and easiest way to get rid of char 26?

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  • C code Error: free(): invalid next size (fast):

    - by user1436057
    I got an error from my code, but I'm not sure where to fix it. Here's the explanation of what my code does: I'm writing some code that will read an input file and store each line as an object (char type) in an array. The first line of the input file is a number. This number tells me how many lines that I should read and store in the array. Here's my code: int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ FILE *fp; char **path; int num, i; ... /*after reading the first line and store the number value in num*/ path = malloc(num *sizeof(char)); i=0; while (!feof(fp)) { char buffer[500]; int length = 0; for (ch = fgetc(fp); ch != EOF && ch != '\n'; ch = fgetc(fp)) { buffer[length++] = ch; } if(ch == '\n' && ch!= EOF){ buffer[length] = '\0'; path[i] = malloc(strlen(buffer)+1); strcpy(path[i], buffer); i++; } } ... free(path); } After running the code, I get this *** glibc detected *** free(): invalid next size (fast): I have searched around and know this is malloc/free error, but I don't exactly know to fix it. Any help would be great. Thanks!

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