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  • Problems with making a simple UNIX shell

    - by Kodemax
    Hai, I am trying to create a simple shell in UNIX. I read a lot and found that everybody uses the strtok a lot. But i want to do without any special functions. So i wrote the code but i cant seem to get it to work. Can anybody point out what i am doing wrong here? void process(char**); int arg_count; char **splitcommand(char* input) { char temp[81][81] ,*cmdptr[40]; int k,done=0,no=0,arg_count=0; for(int i=0 ; input[i] != '\0' ; i++) { k=0; while(1) { if(input[i] == ' ') { arg_count++; break; } if(input[i] == '\0') { arg_count++; done = 1; break; } temp[arg_count][k++] = input[i++]; } temp[arg_count][k++] = '\0'; if(done == 1) { break; } } for(int i=0 ; i<arg_count ; i++) { cmdptr[i] = temp[i]; cout<<endl; } cout<<endl; } void process(char* cmd[]) { int pid = fork(); if(pid < 0) { cout << "Fork Failed" << endl; exit(-1); } else if( pid == 0) { cout<<endl<<"in pid"; execvp(cmd[0], cmd); } else { wait(NULL); cout << "Job's Done" << endl; } } int main() { cout<<"Welcome to shell !!!!!!!!!!!"<<endl; char input[81]; cin.getline(input,81); splitcommand(input); }

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  • quick java question

    - by j-unit-122
    private static char[] quicksort (char[] array , int left , int right) { if (left < right) { int p = partition(array , left, right); quicksort(array, left, p - 1 ); quicksort(array, p + 1 , right); } for (char i : array) System.out.print(i + ” ”); System.out.println(); return array; } private static int partition(char[] a, int left, int right) { char p = a[left]; int l = left + 1, r = right; while (l < r) { while (l < right && a[l] < p) l++; while (r > left && a[r] >= p) r--; if (l < r) { char temp = a[l]; a[l] = a[r]; a[r] = temp; } } a[left] = a[r]; a[r] = p; return r; } } hi guys just a quick question regarding the above coding, i know that the above coding returns the following B I G C O M P U T E R B C E G I M P U T O R B C E G I M P U T O R B C E G I M P U T O R B C E G I M P U T O R B C E G I M O P T U R B C E G I M O P R T U B C E G I M O P R T U B C E G I M O P R T U B C E G I M O P R T U B C E G I M O P R T U B C E G I M O P R T U B C E G I M O P R T U when the sequence BIGCOMPUTER is used but my question is can someone explain to me what is happening in the code and how? i know abit about the quick-sort algorithm but it doesnt seem to be the same in the above example.

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  • C++ string sort like a human being?

    - by Walter Nissen
    I would like to sort alphanumeric strings the way a human being would sort them. I.e., "A2" comes before "A10", and "a" certainly comes before "Z"! Is there any way to do with without writing a mini-parser? Ideally it would also put "A1B1" before "A1B10". I see the question "Natural (human alpha-numeric) sort in Microsoft SQL 2005" with a possible answer, but it uses various library functions, as does "Sorting Strings for Humans with IComparer". Below is a test case that currently fails: #include <set> #include <iterator> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <cassert> template <typename T> struct LexicographicSort { inline bool operator() (const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const{ std::ostringstream s1,s2; s1 << toLower(lhs); s2 << toLower(rhs); bool less = s1.str() < s2.str(); std::cout<<s1.str()<<" "<<s2.str()<<" "<<less<<"\n"; return less; } inline std::string toLower(const std::string& str) const { std::string newString(""); for (std::string::const_iterator charIt = str.begin(); charIt!=str.end();++charIt) { newString.push_back(std::tolower(*charIt)); } return newString; } }; int main(void) { const std::string reference[5] = {"ab","B","c1","c2","c10"}; std::vector<std::string> referenceStrings(&(reference[0]), &(reference[5])); //Insert in reverse order so we know they get sorted std::set<std::string,LexicographicSort<std::string> > strings(referenceStrings.rbegin(), referenceStrings.rend()); std::cout<<"Items:\n"; std::copy(strings.begin(), strings.end(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\n")); std::vector<std::string> sortedStrings(strings.begin(), strings.end()); assert(sortedStrings == referenceStrings); }

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  • Partial template specialization for more than one typename

    - by Matt Joiner
    In the following code, I want to consider functions (Ops) that have void return to instead be considered to return true. The type Retval, and the return value of Op are always matching. I'm not able to discriminate using the type traits shown here, and attempts to create a partial template specialization based on Retval have failed due the presence of the other template variables, Op and Args. How do I specialize only some variables in a template specialization without getting errors? Is there any other way to alter behaviour based on the return type of Op? template <typename Retval, typename Op, typename... Args> Retval single_op_wrapper( Retval const failval, char const *const opname, Op const op, Cpfs &cpfs, Args... args) { try { CallContext callctx(cpfs, opname); Retval retval; if (std::is_same<bool, Retval>::value) { (callctx.*op)(args...); retval = true; } else { retval = (callctx.*op)(args...); } assert(retval != failval); callctx.commit(cpfs); return retval; } catch (CpfsError const &exc) { cpfs_errno_set(exc.fserrno); LOGF(Info, "Failed with %s", cpfs_errno_str(exc.fserrno)); } return failval; }

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  • Wierdness debugging Visual Studio C++ 2008

    - by Jeff Dege
    I have a legacy C++ app, that in its most incarnation we've been building with makefiles and VS2003's command-line tool. I'm trying to get it to build using VS2008 and MsBuild. The build is working OK, but I'm getting errors where I'd never seen errors, before, and stepping through in VS2008's debugger only confuses me. The app links a number of static libraries, which fall into two categories: those that are part of the same application suite, and those that are shared between a number of application suites. Originally, I had a .csproj file for each static library, and two .sln files, one for the application suite (including the suite-specific libraries) and one for the non-suite-specific shared libraries. The shared libraries were included in the link, their projects were not included in the application suite .sln. The application instantiates an object from a class that is defined in one of the shared libraries. The class has a member object of a class that wraps a linked list. The constructor of the linked list class sets its "head" pointer to null. When I run the app, and try to add an element to the linked list, I get an error - the head pointer contains the value 0xCCCCCCCC. So I step through with the debugger. And see weirdness. When the current line in the debugger is in a source file belonging to the static library, the head pointer contains 0x00000000. When I step into the constructor, I can see the pointer being set to that value, and when I'm stepped into any other method of the class, I can see that the head pointer still contains 0x00000000. But when I step out into methods that are defined in the application suite .sln, it contains 0xCCCCCCCC. It's not like it's being overwritten. It changes back and forth depending upon which source file I am currently debugging. So I included the shared library's project in the application suite .sln, and now I see the head pointer containing 0xCCCCCCCC all the time. It looks like the constructor of the linked list class is not being called. So now, I'm entirely confused. Anyone have any ideas?

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  • What's the C strategy to "imitate" a C++ template ?

    - by Andrei Ciobanu
    After reading some examples on stackoverflow, and following some of the answers for my previous questions (1), I've eventually come with a "strategy" for this. I've come to this: 1) Have a declare section in the .h file. Here I will define the data-structure, and the accesing interface. Eg.: /** * LIST DECLARATION. (DOUBLE LINKED LIST) */ #define NM_TEMPLATE_DECLARE_LIST(type) \ typedef struct nm_list_elem_##type##_s { \ type data; \ struct nm_list_elem_##type##_s *next; \ struct nm_list_elem_##type##_s *prev; \ } nm_list_elem_##type ; \ typedef struct nm_list_##type##_s { \ unsigned int size; \ nm_list_elem_##type *head; \ nm_list_elem_##type *tail; \ int (*cmp)(const type e1, const type e2); \ } nm_list_##type ; \ \ nm_list_##type *nm_list_new_##type##_(int (*cmp)(const type e1, \ const type e2)); \ \ (...other functions ...) 2) Wrap the functions in the interface inside MACROS: /** * LIST INTERFACE */ #define nm_list(type) \ nm_list_##type #define nm_list_elem(type) \ nm_list_elem_##type #define nm_list_new(type,cmp) \ nm_list_new_##type##_(cmp) #define nm_list_delete(type, list, dst) \ nm_list_delete_##type##_(list, dst) #define nm_list_ins_next(type,list, elem, data) \ nm_list_ins_next_##type##_(list, elem, data) (...others...) 3) Implement the functions: /** * LIST FUNCTION DEFINITIONS */ #define NM_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_LIST(type) \ nm_list_##type *nm_list_new_##type##_(int (*cmp)(const type e1, \ const type e2)) \ {\ nm_list_##type *list = NULL; \ list = nm_alloc(sizeof(*list)); \ list->size = 0; \ list->head = NULL; \ list->tail = NULL; \ list->cmp = cmp; \ }\ void nm_list_delete_##type##_(nm_list_##type *list, \ void (*destructor)(nm_list_elem_##type elem)) \ { \ type data; \ while(nm_list_size(list)){ \ data = nm_list_rem_##type(list, tail); \ if(destructor){ \ destructor(data); \ } \ } \ nm_free(list); \ } \ (...others...) In order to use those constructs, I have to create two files (let's call them templates.c and templates.h) . In templates.h I will have to NM_TEMPLATE_DECLARE_LIST(int), NM_TEMPLATE_DECLARE_LIST(double) , while in templates.c I will need to NM_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_LIST(int) , NM_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_LIST(double) , in order to have the code behind a list of ints, doubles and so on, generated. By following this strategy I will have to keep all my "template" declarations in two files, and in the same time, I will need to include templates.h whenever I need the data structures. It's a very "centralized" solution. Do you know other strategy in order to "imitate" (at some point) templates in C++ ? Do you know a way to improve this strategy, in order to keep things in more decentralized manner, so that I won't need the two files: templates.c and templates.h ?

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  • C++ multiple definition error

    - by user231536
    Starting with sth's answer to this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3023760/c-template-specialization I was wondering how to resolve multiple definition errors if the following code is put in a header file included multiple times by different .cc files and linked together: template <typename T> class C { static const int K; static ostream& print(ostream& os, const T& t) { return os << t;} }; // general case template <typename T> const int C<T>::K = 1; // specialization template <> const int C<int>::K = 2;

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  • How to fill two-dimensional array using java enhanced loop?

    - by Shark
    Basically, I am trying this, but this only leaves array filled with zeros. I know how to fill it with normal for loop (such as for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) and so on), but why is my variant is not working? Any help would be appreciated. char[][] array = new char[x][y]; for (char[] row : array) for (char element : row) element = '~';

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  • C++ - what does the colon after a constructor mean?

    - by waitinforatrain
    I'd happily Google this but don't know what to call it to Google it. I have a piece of code here: class demo { private: unsigned char len, *dat; public: demo(unsigned char le = 5, unsigned char default) : len(le) { dat = new char[len]; for (int i = 0; i <= le; i++) dat[i] = default; } void ~demo(void) { delete [] *dat; } }; class newdemo : public demo { private: int *dat1; public: newdemo(void) : demo(0, 0) { *dat1 = 0; return 0; } }; (It's from a past exam paper and the question is to correct errors in the code so ignore errors!) My question is, what are the ": len(le) " and " : demo(0, 0)" called? Something to do with inheritance?

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  • Can some tell me why I am seg faulting in this simple C program?

    - by user299648
    I keep on getting seg faulted after I end my first for loop, and for the life of me I don't why. The file I'm scanning is just 18 strings in 18 lines. I thinks the problem is the way I'm mallocing the double pointer called picks, but I don't know exactly why. I'm am only trying to scanf strings that are less than 15 chars long, so I don't see the problem. Can someone please help. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_LENGTH 100 int main( int argc,char *argv[] ) { char* string = malloc( 15*sizeof(char) ); char** picks = malloc(15*sizeof(char*)); FILE* pick_file = fopen( argv[l], "r" ); int num_picks; for( num_picks=0 ; fgets( string, MAX_LENGTH, pick_file ) != NULL ; num_picks++ ) { scanf( "%s", picks+num_picks ); } //this is where i seg fault int x; for(x=0; x<num_picks;x++) printf("s\n", picks+x); }

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  • Can someone tell me why I'm seg faulting in this simple C program?

    - by user299648
    I keep on getting seg faulted, and for the life of me I dont why. The file I'm scanning is just 18 strings in 18 lines. I thinks the problem is the way I'm mallocing the double pointer called picks, but I dont know exactly why. I'm am only trying to scanf strings that are less than 15 chars long, so I don't see the problem. Can someone please help. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_LENGTH 100 int main( int argc,char *argv[] ) { char* string = malloc( sizeof(char) ); char** picks = malloc(15*sizeof(char)); FILE* pick_file = fopen( argv[l], "r" ); int num_picks; for( num_picks=0 ; fgets( string, MAX_LENGTH, pick_file ) != NULL ; num_picks++ ) { printf("pick a/an %s ", string ); scanf( "%s", picks+num_picks ); } int x; for(x=0; x<num_picks;x++) printf("s\n", picks+x); }

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  • Struct Array Initialization and String Literals

    - by Christian Ammer
    Is following array initialization correct? I guess it is, but i'm not really sure if i can use const char* or if i better should use std::string. Beside the first question, do the char pointers point to memory segments of same sizes? struct qinfo { const char* name; int nr; }; qinfo queues[] = { {"QALARM", 1}, {"QTESTLONGNAME", 2}, {"QTEST2", 3}, {"QIEC", 4} };

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  • What's pcap_pkthdr there for?

    - by httpinterpret
    Code snippet from here: void packet_handler(u_char *param, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data) { .... /* retireve the position of the ip header */ ih = (ip_header *) (pkt_data + 14); //length of ethernet header .... What's const struct pcap_pkthdr *header for, when do we need it, how is it populated (since there is no such info in the packet itself as below)?

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  • Argc/Argv C Problems

    - by Salman
    Hey all, If I have the following code: main(int argc, char *argv[]){ char serveradd[20]; strcpy(serveradd, argv[1]); int port = atoi(argv[2]); printf("%s %d \n", serveradd, port); The first two arguments to the command line are printed. However, if I do this: char serveradd[20]; strcpy(serveradd, argv[1]); int port = atoi(argv[2]); char versionnum[1]; strcpy(versionnum, argv[3]); printf("%s %d %s \n", serveradd, port, versionnum);` The first argument (serveradd) does not print out to the screen and is not being stored... Why is this happening and how can I fix it? Thanks!

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  • How do the operators < and > work with pointers?

    - by Øystein
    Just for fun, I had a std::list of const char*, each element pointing to a null-terminated text string, and ran a std::list::sort() on it. As it happens, it sort of (no pun intended) did not sort the strings. Considering that it was working on pointers, that makes sense. According to the documentation of std::list::sort(), it (by default) uses the operator < between the elements to compare. Forgetting about the list for a moment, my actual question is: How do these (, <, =, <=) operators work on pointers in C++ and C? Do they simply compare the actual memory addresses? char* p1 = (char*) 0xDAB0BC47; char* p2 = (char*) 0xBABEC475; e.g. on a 32-bit, little-endian system, p1 p2 because 0xDAB0BC47 0xBABEC475? Testing seems to confirm this, but I thought it'd be good to put it on StackOverflow for future reference. C and C++ both do some weird things to pointers, so you never really know...

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  • Silencing GCC warnings when using an "Uncopyable" class

    - by Kazade
    I have several classes that I don't want to be copyable, some of these classes have pointer data members. To make these classes uncopyable I privately inherit the following class template: template <class T> class Uncopyable { protected: Uncopyable() {} virtual ~Uncopyable() {} private: Uncopyable(const Uncopyable &); T & operator=(const T&); }; Which I used like so: class Entity : private Uncopyable<Entity> { } This works fine, however when I compile with -Weffc++ I still get the following warning: class Entity has pointer data members but does not override Entity(const Entity&) or operator=(const Entity&) Why is it still giving me this warning?

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  • oracle collection not enough values

    - by john
    I did following: create or replace type my_row as object ( lname varchar2(30), fname varchar2(30), MI char(1), hohSSN char (9), hohname VARCHAR2(63), hohDob char(10), dob DATE ); create or replace type eiv.my_rec as table of eiv.my_row; but then doing query like: my_records my_rec select '', '', '', '', '', '', sysdate bulk collect into my_records from dual; gives error ORA-00947: not enough values what can i be doing wrong here?

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  • How do we simplify this kind of code in Java? Something like macros in C?

    - by Terry Li
    public static boolean diagonals(char[][] b, int row, int col, int l) { int counter = 1; // because we start from the current position char charAtPosition = b[row][col]; int numRows = b.length; int numCols = b[0].length; int topleft = 0; int topright = 0; int bottomleft = 0; int bottomright = 0; for (int i=row-1,j=col-1;i>=0 && j>=0;i--,j--) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topleft++; } else { break; } } for (int i=row-1,j=col+1;i>=0 && j<=numCols;i--,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topright++; } else { break; } } for (int i=row+1,j=col-1;i<=numRows && j>=0;i++,j--) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { bottomleft++; } else { break; } } for (int i=row+1,j=col+1;i<=numRows && j<=numCols;i++,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { bottomright++; } else { break; } } return topleft + bottomright + 1 >= l || topright + bottomleft + 1 >= l; //in this case l is 5 } After I was done posting the code above here, I couldn't help but wanted to simplify the code by merging the four pretty much the same loops into one method. Here's the kind of method I want to have: public int countSteps(char horizontal, char vertical) { } Two parameters horizontal and vertical can be either + or - to indicate the four directions to walk in. What I want to see if possible at all is i++; is generalized to i horizontal horizontal; when horizontal taking the value of +. What I don't want to see is if or switch statements, for example: public int countSteps(char horizontal, char vertical) { if (horizontal == '+' && vertical == '-') { for (int i=row-1,j=col+1;i>=0 && j<=numCols;i--,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topright++; } else { break; } } } else if (horizontal == '+' && vertical == '+') { for (int i=row+1,j=col+1;i>=0 && j<=numCols;i++,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topright++; } else { break; } } } else if () { } else { } } Since it is as tedious as the original one. Note also that the comparing signs for the loop condition i>=0 && j<=numCols; for example, >= && <= have correspondence with the value combination of horizontal and vertical. Sorry for my bad wording, please let me know if anything is not clear.

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  • Why is my implementation of strcmp not returning the proper value?

    - by Avanish Giri
    Why is this printing out 0 back in main but 6 when it is inside of the strcmp function? 7 int main() 8 { 9 char* str = "test string"; 10 char* str2 = "test strong"; 11 //printf("string length = %d\n",strlen(str)); 12 13 int num = strcmp(str,str2); 14 15 printf("num = %d\n",num); 16 } 29 int strcmp(char* str, char* str2) 30 { 31 if(*str == '\0' && *str2 == '\0') 32 return 0; 33 if(*str2 - *str == 0) 34 { 35 strcmp(str+1,str2+1); 36 } 37 else 38 { 39 int num = *str2 - *str; 40 cout << "num = " <<num<<endl; 41 return num; 42 } 43 } The output is: num = 6 num = 0 Why is it printing 0 when obviously the value that it should be returning is 6?

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  • Make: how make all hidden files in the current makefile?

    - by HH
    It traverses to bottom dirs for some unknown reason: Errorsome /bin/sh: .??*: not found make[23]: Entering directory `/m/user/files/dir' make clean Makefile all: make clean #The wildcard is the bug. I want to make all hidden files in the current makefile. #It should match .<some char><some char><any char arbitrary times> make $$(.??*) #I want to replace below-like-tihngs with a wildcard above # make .lambda # make .lambda_t clean: -rm .??* .lambda: #do something .lambda_t:

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  • boost::enable_if class template method

    - by aaa
    I got class with template methods that looks at this: struct undefined {}; template<typename T> struct is_undefined : mpl::false_ {}; template<> struct is_undefined<undefined> : mpl::true_ {}; template<class C> struct foo { template<class F, class V> typename boost::disable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } template<class F, class V> typename boost::enable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } }; apparently, both templates are instantiated, resulting in compile time error. is instantiation of template methods different from instantiation of free functions? I have fixed this differently, but I would like to know what is up. Thank you

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  • Gtk, whether destroying GtkBuilder destroies all the screens and widgets?

    - by PP
    Hi, Question regarding GtkBuilder. When we unref builder pointer does it destroys all the screens/widgets the builder had created? if( builder_ptr ) g_object_unref(G_OBJECT(builder_ptr)); Suppose we have created one screen using Glade/XML with some 2-3 top_level windows in it gtk_builder_add_from_file(builder_ptr, "Test.glade", &error ) and generated GtkBuilder pointer (as above) so after deleting this pointer does it deletes created Windows or do we need to manually delete these windows? Thanks, PP.

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  • Linked lists in Java - help with assignment

    - by user368241
    Representation of a string in linked lists In every intersection in the list there will be 3 fields : The letter itself. The number of times it appears consecutively. A pointer to the next intersection in the list. The following class CharNode represents a intersection in the list : public class CharNode { private char _data; private int _value; private charNode _next; public CharNode (char c, int val, charNode n) { _data = c; _value = val; _next = n; } public charNode getNext() { return _next; } public void setNext (charNode node) { _next = node; } public int getValue() { return _value; } public void setValue (int v) { value = v; } public char getData() { return _data; } public void setData (char c) { _data = c; } } The class StringList represents the whole list : public class StringList { private charNode _head; public StringList() { _head = null; } public StringList (CharNode node) { _head = node; } } Add methods to the class StringList according to the details : (I will add methods gradually according to my specific questions) (Pay attention, these are methods from the class String and we want to fulfill them by the representation of a string by a list as explained above) public int indexOf (int ch) - returns the index in the string it is operated on of the first appeareance of the char "ch". If the char "ch" doesn't appear in the string, returns -1. If the value of fromIndex isn't in the range, returns -1. Pay attention to all the possible error cases. Write what is the time complexity and space complexity of every method that you wrote. Make sure the methods you wrote are effective. It is NOT allowed to use ready classes of Java. It is NOT allowed to move to string and use string operations. Here is my try to write the method indexOf (int ch). Kindly assist me with fixing the bugs so I can move on. public int indexOf (int ch) { int count = 0; charNode pose = _head; if (pose == null ) { return -1; } for (pose = _head; pose!=null && pose.getNext()!='ch'; pose = pose.getNext()) { count++; } if (pose!=null) return count; else return -1; }

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