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  • Using free function as pseudo-constructors to exploit template parameter deduction

    - by Poita_
    Is it a common pattern/idiom to use free functions as pseudo-constructors to avoid having to explicitly specify template parameters? For example, everyone knows about std::make_pair, which uses its parameters to deduce the pair types: template <class A, class B> std::pair<A, B> make_pair(A a, B b) { return std::pair<A, B>(a, b); } // This allows you to call make_pair(1, 2), // instead of having to type pair<int, int>(1, 2) // as you can't get type deduction from the constructor. I find myself using this quite often, so I was just wondering if many other people use it, and if there is a name for this pattern?

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  • Game AI: Pattern for implementing Sense-Think-Act components?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm developing a game. Each entity in the game is a GameObject. Each GameObject is composed of a GameObjectController, GameObjectModel, and GameObjectView. (Or inheritants thereof.) For NPCs, the GameObjectController is split into: IThinkNPC: reads current state and makes a decision about what to do IActNPC: updates state based on what needs to be done ISenseNPC: reads current state to answer world queries (eg "am I being in the shadows?") My question: Is this ok for the ISenseNPC interface? public interface ISenseNPC { // ... /// <summary> /// True if `dest` is a safe point to which to retreat. /// </summary> /// <param name="dest"></param> /// <param name="angleToThreat"></param> /// <param name="range"></param> /// <returns></returns> bool IsSafeToRetreat(Vector2 dest, float angleToThreat, float range); /// <summary> /// Finds a new location to which to retreat. /// </summary> /// <param name="angleToThreat"></param> /// <returns></returns> Vector2 newRetreatDest(float angleToThreat); /// <summary> /// Returns the closest LightSource that illuminates the NPC. /// Null if the NPC is not illuminated. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> ILightSource ClosestIlluminatingLight(); /// <summary> /// True if the NPC is sufficiently far away from target. /// Assumes that target is the only entity it could ever run from. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> bool IsSafeFromTarget(); } None of the methods take any parameters. Instead, the implementation is expected to maintain a reference to the relevant GameObjectController and read that. However, I'm now trying to write unit tests for this. Obviously, it's necessary to use mocking, since I can't pass arguments directly. The way I'm doing it feels really brittle - what if another implementation comes along that uses the world query utilities in a different way? Really, I'm not testing the interface, I'm testing the implementation. Poor. The reason I used this pattern in the first place was to keep IThinkNPC implementation code clean: public BehaviorState RetreatTransition(BehaviorState currentBehavior) { if (sense.IsCollidingWithTarget()) { NPCUtils.TraceTransitionIfNeeded(ToString(), BehaviorState.ATTACK.ToString(), "is colliding with target"); return BehaviorState.ATTACK; } if (sense.IsSafeFromTarget() && sense.ClosestIlluminatingLight() == null) { return BehaviorState.WANDER; } if (sense.ClosestIlluminatingLight() != null && sense.SeesTarget()) { NPCUtils.TraceTransitionIfNeeded(ToString(), BehaviorState.ATTACK.ToString(), "collides with target"); return BehaviorState.CHASE; } return currentBehavior; } Perhaps the cleanliness isn't worth it, however. So, if ISenseNPC takes all the params it needs every time, I could make it static. Is there any problem with that?

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  • Rails Full Engine using a Full Engine

    - by SirLenz0rlot
    I've got this full rails engine Foo with functionality X. I want to make another engine, engine Bar, that is pretty much the same, but override funcitonality x with y. (it basically does the same, but a few controller actions and views are differently implemented). (I might split this later in several mountable engines, but for now, this will be the setup: project Baz, using engine Bar, which uses engine Foo) I would like to know if there are any pitfalls. It doesn't seem like a pattern that is often used? Anybody else using this 'some sort of engine inheritance'?

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  • Question about design (inheritance, polymorphism)

    - by Dan
    Hi, I have a question about a problem I'm struggling with. Hope you can bear with me. Imagine I have an Object class representing the base class of a hierarchy of physical objects. Later I inherit from it to create an Object1D, Object2D and Object3D classes. Each of these derived classes will have some specific methods and attributes. For example, the 3d object might have functionality to download a 3d model to be used by a renderer. So I'd have something like this: class Object {}; class Object1D : public Object { Point mPos; }; class Object2D : public Object { ... }; class Object3D : public Object { Model mModel; }; Now I'd have a separate class called Renderer, which simply takes an Object as argument and well, renders it :-) In a similar way, I'd like to support different kinds of renderers. For instance, I could have a default one that every object could rely on, and then provide other specific renderers for some kind of objects: class Renderer {}; // Default one class Renderer3D : public Renderer {}; And here comes my problem. A renderer class needs to get an Object as an argument, for example in the constructor in order to retrieve whatever data it needs to render the object. So far so good. But a Renderer3D would need to get an Object3D argument, in order to get not only the basic attributes but also the specific attributes of a 3d object. Constructors would look like this: CRenderer(Object& object); CRenderer3D(Object3D& object); Now how do I specify this in a generic way? Or better yet, is there a better way to design this? I know I could rely on RTTI or similar but I'd like to avoid this if possible as I feel there is probably a better way to deal with this. Thanks in advance!

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  • Method hiding with interfaces

    - by fearofawhackplanet
    interface IFoo { int MyReadOnlyVar { get; } } class Foo : IFoo { int MyReadOnlyVar { get; set; } } public IFoo GetFoo() { return new Foo { MyReadOnlyVar = 1 }; } Is the above an acceptable way of implementing a readonly/immutable object? The immutability of IFoo can be broken with a temporary cast to Foo. In general (non-critical) cases, is hiding functionality through interfaces a common pattern? Or is it considered lazy coding? Or even an anti-pattern?

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  • Advice on Factory Method

    - by heath
    Using php 5.2, I'm trying to use a factory to return a service to the controller. My request uri would be of the format www.mydomain.com/service/method/param1/param2/etc. My controller would then call a service factory using the token sent in the uri. From what I've seen, there are two main routes I could go with my factory. Single method: class ServiceFactory { public static function getInstance($token) { switch($token) { case 'location': return new StaticPageTemplateService('location'); break; case 'product': return new DynamicPageTemplateService('product'); break; case 'user' return new UserService(); break; default: return new StaticPageTemplateService($token); } } } or multiple methods: class ServiceFactory { public static function getLocationService() { return new StaticPageTemplateService('location'); } public static function getProductService() { return new DynamicPageTemplateService('product'); } public static function getUserService() { return new UserService(); } public static function getDefaultService($token) { return new StaticPageTemplateService($token); } } So, given this, I will have a handful of generic services in which I will pass that token (for example, StaticPageTemplateService and DynamicPageTemplateService) that will probably implement another factory method just like this to grab templates, domain objects, etc. And some that will be specific services (for example, UserService) which will be 1:1 to that token and not reused. So, this seems to be an ok approach (please give suggestions if it is not) for a small amount of services. But what about when, over time and my site grows, I end up with 100s of possibilities. This no longer seems like a good approach. Am I just way off to begin with or is there another design pattern that would be a better fit? Thanks. UPDATE: @JSprang - the token is actually sent in the uri like mydomain.com/location would want a service specific to loction and mydomain.com/news would want a service specific to news. Now, for a lot of these, the service will be generic. For instance, a lot of pages will call a StaticTemplatePageService in which the token is passed in to the service. That service in turn will grab the "location" template or "links" template and just spit it back out. Some will need DynamicTemplatePageService in which the token gets passed in, like "news" and that service will grab a NewsDomainObject, determine how to present it and spit that back out. Others, like "user" will be specific to a UserService in which it will have methods like Login, Logout, etc. So basically, the token will be used to determine which service is needed AND if it is generic service, that token will be passed to that service. Maybe token isn't the correct terminology but I hope you get the purpose. I wanted to use the factory so I can easily swap out which Service I need in case my needs change. I just worry that after the site grows larger (both pages and functionality) that the factory will become rather bloated. But I'm starting to feel like I just can't get away from storing the mappings in an array (like Stephen's solution). That just doesn't feel OOP to me and I was hoping to find something more elegant.

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  • Creating and writing file from a FileOutputStream in Java

    - by Althane
    Okay, so I'm working on a project where I use a Java program to initiate a socket connection between two classes (a FileSender and FileReceiver). My basic idea was that the FileSender would look like this: try { writer = new DataOutputStream(connect.getOutputStream()); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } //While we have bytes to send while(filein.available() >0){ //We write them out to our buffer writer.write(filein.read(outBuffer)); writer.flush(); } //Then close our filein filein.close(); //And then our socket; connect.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); The constructor contains code that checks to see if the file exists, and that the socket is connected, and so on. Inside my FileReader is this though: input = recvSocket.accept(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input.getInputStream())); FileOutputStream fOut= new FileOutputStream(filename); String line = br.readLine(); while(line != null){ fOut.write(line.getBytes()); fOut.flush(); line = br.readLine(); } System.out.println("Before RECV close statements"); fOut.close(); input.close(); recvSocket.close(); System.out.println("After RECV clsoe statements"); All inside a try-catch block. So, what I'm trying to do is have the FileSender reading in the file, converting to bytes, sending and flushing it out. FileReceiver, then reads in the bytes, writes to the fileOut, flushes, and continues waiting for more. I make sure to close all the things that I open, so... here comes the weird part. When I try and open the created text file in Eclipse, it tells me "An SWT error has occured ... recommended to exit the workbench... see .log for more details.". Another window pops up saying "Unhandled event loop exception, (no more handles)". However, if I try to open the sent text file in notepad2, I get ThisIsASentTextfile Which is good (well, minus the fact that there should be line breaks, but I'm working on that...). Does anyone know why this is happening? And while we're checking, how to add the line breaks? (And is this a particularly bad way to transfer files over java without getting some other libraries?)

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  • Design Pattern for Server Emulator

    - by adisembiring
    I wanna build server socket emulator, but I want implement some design pattern there. I will described my case study that I have simplified like these: My Server Socket will always listen client socket. While some request message come from the client socket, the server emulator will response the client through the socket. the response is response code. '00' will describe request message processed successfully, and another response code expect '00' will describe there are some error while processing the message request. IN the server there are some UI, this UI contain check response parameter such as. response code timeout interval While the server want to response the client message, the response code taken from input parameter response form UI check the timeout interval, it will create sleep thread and the interval taken from timeout interval input from UI. I have implement the function, but I create it in one class. I feel it so sucks. Can you suggest me what class / interface that I must create to refactor my code.

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  • c# writing object to binary file

    - by user209293
    Hi I have to write an object in to binary file.My struct looks like this. Struct Company { int numberofemployees list of Struct Employee. } Struct Employee { string EmployeeName; string Designation; } What is the best way to do the above operation? Regards Raju

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  • Asp.Net MVC best way to update cached table

    - by Eddy Mishiyev
    There are certain tables that get called often but updated rarely. One of these tables is Departments. So to save DB trips, I think it is ok to cache this table taking into consideration that the table has very small size. However, once you cached it an issue of keeping the table data fresh occurs. So what is the best way to determine that the table is dirty and therefore requires a reload and how that code should be invoked. I look for solution that will be scalable. So updating the cache right after inserting will not work. So if one machine inserted the record all other on network should get notified to reload the cache. I was thinking for calling corresponding web service from T-SQL but don't really like the idea of consuming recourses on sql server. So what are the best practices to resolve this type of problems. Thanks in advance Eddy

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  • Writing to a comet stream using tomcat 6.0

    - by user301247
    Hey I'm new to java servlets and I am trying to write one that uses comet so that I can create a long polling Ajax request. I can successfully start the stream and perform operations but I can't write anything out. Here is my code: public class CometTestServlet extends HttpServlet implements CometProcessor { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1070949541963627977L; private MessageSender messageSender = null; protected ArrayList<HttpServletResponse> connections = new ArrayList<HttpServletResponse>(); public void event(CometEvent cometEvent) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = cometEvent.getHttpServletRequest(); HttpServletResponse response = cometEvent.getHttpServletResponse(); //final PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); if (cometEvent.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.BEGIN) { PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); writer.println("<!doctype html public \"-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en\">"); writer.println("<head><title>JSP Chat</title></head><body bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">"); writer.println("</body></html>"); writer.flush(); cometEvent.setTimeout(10 * 1000); //cometEvent.close(); } else if (cometEvent.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.ERROR) { log("Error for session: " + request.getSession(true).getId()); synchronized(connections) { connections.remove(response); } cometEvent.close(); } else if (cometEvent.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.END) { log("End for session: " + request.getSession(true).getId()); synchronized(connections) { connections.remove(response); } PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); writer.println("</body></html>"); cometEvent.close(); } else if (cometEvent.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.READ) { //handleReadEvent(cometEvent); InputStream is = request.getInputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[512]; do { int n = is.read(buf); //can throw an IOException if (n > 0) { log("Read " + n + " bytes: " + new String(buf, 0, n) + " for session: " + request.getSession(true).getId()); } else if (n < 0) { //error(cometEvent, request, response); return; } } while (is.available() > 0); } } Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Really frustrated: Help writing a sample twitter app

    - by Jack
    I have installed WAMP. I have enable cURL in php.ini. I want to implement a twitter app that posts a new status message for a user. Here's my code <?php function updateTwitter($status) { $username = 'xxxxxx'; $password = 'xxxx'; $url = 'http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml'; $postargs = 'status='.urlencode($status); $responseInfo=array(); $ch = curl_init($url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 2); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY,"localhost:80"); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true); // Give CURL the arguments in the POST curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postargs); // Set the username and password in the CURL call curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, $username.':'.$password); // Set some cur flags (not too important) $response = curl_exec($ch); if($response === false) { echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($ch); } else { echo 'Operation completed without any errors<br/>'; } // Get information about the response $responseInfo=curl_getinfo($ch); // Close the CURL connection curl_close($ch); // Make sure we received a response from Twitter if(intval($responseInfo['http_code'])==200){ // Display the response from Twitter echo $response; }else{ // Something went wrong echo "Error: " . $responseInfo['http_code']; } curl_close($ch); } updateTwitter("Just finished a sweet tutorial on http://brandontreb.com"); ?> I am getting the following output Operation completed without any errors Error: 404 Please help.

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  • Separate functionality depending on Role in ASP.NET MVC

    - by Andrew Bullock
    I'm looking for an elegant pattern to solve this problem: I have several user roles in my system, and for many of my controller actions, I need to deal with slightly different data. For example, take /Users/Edit/1 This allows a Moderator to edit a users email address, but Administrators to edit a user's email address and password. I'd like a design for separating the two different bits of action code for the GET and the POST. Solutions I've come up with so far are: Switch inside each method, however this doesn't really help when i want different model arguments on the POST :( Custom controller factory which chooses a UsersController_ForModerators and UsersController_ForAdmins instead of just UsersController from the controller name and current user role Custom action invoker which choose the Edit_ForModerators method in a similar way to above Have an IUsersController and register a different implementation of it in my IoC container as a named instance based on Role Build an implementation of the controller at runtime using Castle DynamicProxy and manipulate the methods to those from role-based implementations Im preferring the named IoC instance route atm as it means all my urls/routing will work seamlessly. Ideas? Suggestions?

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  • dynamic behavior of factory class

    - by manu1001
    I have a factory class that serves out a bunch of properties. Now, the properties might come either from a database or from a properties file. This is what I've come up with. public class Factory { private static final INSTANCE = new Factory(source); private Factory(DbSource source) { // read from db, save properties } private Factory(FileSource source) { // read from file, save properties } // getInstance() and getProperties() here } What's a clean way of switching between these behaviors based on the environment. I want to avoid having to recompile the class each time.

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  • Singleton Properties

    - by coffeeaddict
    Ok, if I create a singleton class and expose the singleton object through a public static property...I understand that. But my singleton class has other properties in it. Should those be static? Should those also be private? I just want to be able to access all properties of my singleton class by doing this: MySingletonClass.SingletonProperty.SomeProperty2 Where SingletonProperty returns me the single singleton instance. I guess my question is, how do you expose the other properties in the singleton class..make them private and then access them through your public singleton static property?

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  • One executable with cmd-line params or just many satellite executables?

    - by Nikos Baxevanis
    I design an application back-end. For now, it is a .NET process (a Console Application) which hosts various communication frameworks such as Agatha and NServiceBus. I need to periodically update my datastore with values (coming from the application while it's running). I found three possible ways: Accept command line arguments, so I can call my console app with -update. On start up a background thread will periodically invoke the update method. Create an updater.exe app which will do the updates, but I will have code duplication since in some way it will need to query the data from the source in order to save it to the datastore. Which one is better?

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  • jQuery .html not writing span on page load, rights the span on ajax response

    - by pedalpete
    I've got a bit of a calendar I'm building with events that go beyond the boundary of one day. I've got a graph which shows how many events are running concurrently. In order to graph out the events which go into another day, I look for hours24, and run an extra bit of code. jQuery('li#hour'+placeGroup+'_'+schedDay2+'_'+thisHour,nextDay).data('count', numStaff).html(''+printHour+''+numEvents+' scheduled').css('height',numEvents*5+'px'); The code is working, the li items are being found, proper height is the css is being applied, data is set, which I've checked by running alert(jQuery('li#hour'+placeGroup+'_'+schedDay2+'_'+thisHour,nextDay).data('count')); right after the pervious bit of code. The only thing that isn't being done is the .html(add span) stuff. I run this code in two places. Once when the page loads, and once when an action is taken which changes the number of events via an ajax response. The li DOM object I'm writting to is created before the script is run, and the height is being applied, but not the span, and only on page load. Any ideas on this one? I'm stumped.

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  • Stream writing lags my GUI

    - by blez
    I have a thread that dequeues data from a queue and write it to another application's STDIN. I'm using Stream, but with .Write and even .BeginWrite, when I send 1mb chunks to the second app, my GUI gets laggy for ~1sec. Why?

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  • Expose subset of a class - design question

    - by thanikkal
    Suppose i have a product class with about close to 100 properties. Now for some operations (Say tax calculation) i dont really need this bulky product type, rather only a subset that has price related properties. I am not sure if i should create different snap shots(class) of products that just has the properties that i am interested in. what would be the ideal approach so that i don't unnecessarily pass around unsought fluff? Thanks in advance.

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  • javascript: execute a bunch of asynchronous method with one callback

    - by Samuel Michelot
    I need to execute a bunch of asynchronous methods (client SQLite database), and call only one final callback. Of course, the ugly way is: execAll : function(callBack) { asynch1(function() { asynch2(function() { ... asynchN(function() { callBack(); }) }) }); } But I know there are better ways to do it. Intuitively I would detect when all call back has been called with a counter to call the final callback. I think this is a common design-pattern, so if someone could point me in the right direction... Thanks in advance !

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  • UINavigation Bar while moving view for writing in a textfield

    - by ObiWanKeNerd
    i'm using this code to move the view when i'm about to type on a textfield, otherwise the keyboard may cover the textfield if it's in the lower side of the screen. I would like to know if there is a way to maintain the UINavigation Bar in it's place, because with this code the bar will move with all the view outside the screen, becoming untouchable until i end editing the textfield (closing the keyboard). CGFloat animatedDistance; static const CGFloat KEYBOARD_ANIMATION_DURATION = 0.3; static const CGFloat MINIMUM_SCROLL_FRACTION = 0.2; static const CGFloat MAXIMUM_SCROLL_FRACTION = 0.8; static const CGFloat PORTRAIT_KEYBOARD_HEIGHT = 216; static const CGFloat LANDSCAPE_KEYBOARD_HEIGHT = 162; - (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField { CGRect textFieldRect = [self.view.window convertRect:textField.bounds fromView:textField]; CGRect viewRect = [self.view.window convertRect:self.view.bounds fromView:self.view]; CGFloat midline = textFieldRect.origin.y + 0.5 * textFieldRect.size.height; CGFloat numerator = midline - viewRect.origin.y - MINIMUM_SCROLL_FRACTION * viewRect.size.height; CGFloat denominator = (MAXIMUM_SCROLL_FRACTION - MINIMUM_SCROLL_FRACTION) * viewRect.size.height; CGFloat heightFraction = numerator / denominator; if (heightFraction < 0.0) { heightFraction = 0.0; } else if (heightFraction > 1.0) { heightFraction = 1.0; } UIInterfaceOrientation orientation = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] statusBarOrientation]; if (orientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait || orientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown) { animatedDistance = floor(PORTRAIT_KEYBOARD_HEIGHT * heightFraction); } else { animatedDistance = floor(LANDSCAPE_KEYBOARD_HEIGHT * heightFraction); } CGRect viewFrame = self.view.frame; viewFrame.origin.y -= animatedDistance; [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL]; [UIView setAnimationBeginsFromCurrentState:YES]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:KEYBOARD_ANIMATION_DURATION]; [self.view setFrame:viewFrame]; [UIView commitAnimations]; } - (void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField { CGRect viewFrame = self.view.frame; viewFrame.origin.y += animatedDistance; [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL]; [UIView setAnimationBeginsFromCurrentState:YES]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:KEYBOARD_ANIMATION_DURATION]; [self.view setFrame:viewFrame]; [UIView commitAnimations]; } Thanks in advance!

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  • Design pattern for Fat Client - Thin Client to use Common code?

    - by kurozakura
    Windows-based client application and web-client application(consuming the same code which windows-client uses) what is the preferable pattern for this scenario? Is it ok to have the code in the common place where both the projects and refer it as dll i.e one which is a windows app and other which is going consume the same code which windows client will be exposing.

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  • how to get access to private members of nested class?

    - by macias
    Background: I have enclosed (parent) class E with nested class N with several instances of N in E. In the enclosed (parent) class I am doing some calculations and I am setting the values for each instance of nested class. Something like this: n1.field1 = ...; n1.field2 = ...; n1.field3 = ...; n2.field1 = ...; ... It is one big eval method (in parent class). My intention is -- since all calculations are in parent class (they cannot be done per nested instance because it would make code more complicated) -- make the setters only available to parent class and getters public. And now there is a problem: when I make the setters private, parent class cannot acces them when I make them public, everybody can change the values and C# does not have friend concept I cannot pass values in constructor because lazy evaluation mechanism is used (so the instances have to be created when referencing them -- I create all objects and the calculation is triggered on demand) I am stuck -- how to do this (limit access up to parent class, no more, no less)? I suspect I'll get answer-question first -- "but why you don't split the evaluation per each field" -- so I answer this by example: how do you calculate min and max value of a collection? In a fast way? The answer is -- in one pass. This is why I have one eval function which does calculations and sets all fields at once.

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