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  • An old flaw in X Window System. How does it work?

    - by Legend
    I was going through an article today when it mentioned the following: "We've found many errors over the years. One of the absolute best was the following in the X Window System: if(getuid() != 0 && geteuid == 0) { ErrorF("Only root"); exit(1); } It allowed any local user to get root access. (The tautological check geteuid == 0 was intended to be geteuid() == 0. In its current form, it compress the address of geteuid to 0; given that the function exists, its address is never 0)." The article explained what was wrong with the code but I would like to know what it means to say that "It allowed any local user to get root access". I am not an expert in C but can someone give me an exact context in which this exploit would work? Specifically, what I mean is, lets say I am the local user, how would I get root access if we assume this code to be present somewhere?

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  • Declaring an integer Range with step != 1 in Ruby

    - by Dan Tao
    Hey guys, I'm completely new to Ruby, so be gentle. Say I want to iterate over the range of even numbers from 2 to 100; how would I do that? Obviously I could do: (2..100).each do |x| if x % 2 == 0 # my code end end But, obviously (again), that would be pretty stupid. I know I could do something like: i = 2 while i <= 100 # my code i += 2 end I believe I could also write my own custom class that provides its own each method (?). I am almost sure that would be overkill, though. I'm interested in two things: Is it possible to do this with some variation of the standard Range syntax (i.e., (x..y).each)? Either way, what would be the most idiomatic "Ruby way" of accomplishing this (using a Range or otherwise)? Like I said, I'm new to the language; so any guidance you can offer on how to do things in a more typical Ruby style would be much appreciated.

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  • Python f.write() at beginning of file?

    - by kristus
    I'm doing it like this now, but i want it to write at the beginning of the file instead. f = open('out.txt', 'a') # or 'w'? f.write("string 1") f.write("string 2") f.write("string 3") f.close() so that the contenst of out.txt will be: string 3 string 2 string 1 and not (like this code does): string 1 string 2 string 3

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  • List in a Python class shares the same object over 2 different instances?

    - by zfranciscus
    I created a class: class A: aList = [] now I have function that instantiate this class and add items into the aList. note: there are 2 items for item in items: a = A(); a.aList.append(item); I find that the first A and the second A object has the same number of items in their aList. I would expect that the first A object will have the first item in its list and the second A object will have the second item in its aList. Can anyone explain how this happens ? PS: I manage to solve this problem by moving the aList inside a constructor : def __init__(self): self.aList = []; but I am still curious about this behavior

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  • Is it a good idea for me to learn Python before C or some other Compiler language?

    - by Dream Lane
    Right now I am going through MIT's introduction to Computer Science course via OpenCourseWare. As a part of this course I am learning the Python Language. I've read a lot of things about the benefits of learning C. Before I dig any deeper into Python I wonder if I will be hindered or helped by learning Python first. Do you think that I will develop any bad habits or anything like that from Python?

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  • Retrieving Oracle Cursor with JDBC

    - by BeginnerAmongBeginners
    I have been experiencing some frustrations trying to make a simple Oracle cursor retrieval procedure work with JDBC. I keep on getting an error of "[Oracle][ODBC][Ora]ORA-06553: PLS-306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to 'GETNAME'", but I cannot figure out what I am doing wrong. Here is my code in Java: CallableStatement stmt = connection.prepareCall("call getName(?)"); stmt.registerOutputParameter(1, OracleTypes.CURSOR); stmt.execute(); stmt.close(); con.close(); Here is my procedure in Oracle: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE getName(cur out SYS_REFCURSOR) IS BEGIN OPEN cur FOR SELECT name FROM customer; END; Thanks in advance. By the way, I am working with Oracle 10.2.0.

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  • python: equivalent to Javascript "||" to override non-truthful value

    - by Jason S
    In Javascript I can do this: function A(x) { return x || 3; } This returns 3 if x is a "non-truthful" value like 0, null, false, and it returns x otherwise. This is useful for empty arguments, e.g. I can do A() and it will evaluate as 3. Does Python have an equivalent? I guess I could make one out of the ternary operator a if b else c but was wondering what people use for this.

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  • GoTo statements and alternatives in VB.NET

    - by qais
    I've posted a code snippet on another forum asking for help and people pointed out to me that using GoTo statements is very bad programming practice. I'm wondering: why is it bad? What alternatives to GoTo are there to use in VB.NET that would be considered generally more of a better practice? Consider this snippet below where the user has to input their date of birth. If the month/date/year are invalid or unrealistic(using if statements checking the integer inputs size, if there's a better way to do this, I'd appreciate if you could tell me that also :D) How would I be able to loop back to ask the user again? retryday: Console.WriteLine("Please enter the day you were born : ") day = Console.ReadLine If day > 31 Or day < 1 Then Console.WriteLine("Please enter a valid day") GoTo retryday End If

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  • Permutations in python 2.5.2

    - by flpgdt
    Hi, I have a list of numbers for input, e.g. 671.00 1,636.00 436.00 9,224.00 and I want to generate all possible sums with a way to id it for output, e.g.: 671.00 + 1,636.00 = 2,307.00 671.00 + 436.00 = 1,107.00 671.00 + 9,224.00 = 9,224.00 671.00 + 1,636.00 + 436.00 = 2,743.00 ... and I would like to do it in Python My current constrains are: a) I'm just learning python now (that's part of the idea) b) I will have to use Python 2.5.2 (no intertools) I think I have found a piece of code that may help: def all_perms(str): if len(str) <=1: yield str else: for perm in all_perms(str[1:]): for i in range(len(perm)+1): #nb str[0:1] works in both string and list contexts yield perm[:i] + str[0:1] + perm[i:] ( from these guys ) But I'm not sure how to use it in my propose. Could someone trow some tips and pieces of code of help? cheers, f.

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  • how to delete all files in a folder, but not the folder itself?

    - by Frost Li
    I try to delete all files including subdirectories in a folder: NSFileManager *deleteMgr = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSString *path = @"~/test/"; [deleteMgr removeItemAtPath:path error:&error]; And it deletes everything including the folder itself. But what I expect is an empty folder. Could anyone please help me what did I do wrong? Really thanks your help! :)

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  • MySQL::Eliminating redundant elements from a table?

    - by Legend
    I have a table like this: +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | v1 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | | v2 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ There is a tremendous amount of duplication in this table. For instance, elements like the following: +------+------+ | v1 | v2 | +------+------+ | 1 | 2 | | 1 | 3 | | 1 | 4 | | 1 | 5 | | 1 | 6 | | 1 | 7 | | 1 | 8 | | 1 | 9 | | 2 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 1 | | 7 | 1 | | 8 | 1 | | 9 | 1 | +------+------+ The table is large with 1540000 entries. To remove the redundant entries (i.e. to get a table having only (1,9) and no (9,1) entries), I was thinking of doing it with a subquery but is there a better way of doing this?

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  • Drupal - Generating forms from the database.

    - by YsoL8
    Hello I'm trying to teach myself Drupal and I've found something I can't find any tutorials for. I am trying to generate a form, with a dynamic number of text fields, to populate and edit the contents of my custom table. In regular PHP I would achieve this with: $count = '0'; while ($row = mysql_fetch_array ($result) { echo "<input type='text' name='title_row".$count."' value='".$row['title']."'>" $count = $count +1; } Can someone point me to something that'll show me how to do that in Drupal (and processing the submited data)? Thanks

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  • How do I set up my @product=Product.find(params[:id]) to have a product_url?

    - by montooner
    Trying to recreate { script/generate scaffold }, and I've gotten thru a number of Rails basics. I suspect that I need to configure default product url somewhere. But where do I do this? Setup: Have: def edit { @product=Product.find(params[:id]) } Have edit.html.erb, with an edit form posting to action = :create Have def create { ... }, with the code redirect_to(@product, ...) Getting error: undefined method `product_url' for #< ProductsController:0x56102b0 My def update: def update @product = Product.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| if @product.update_attributes(params[:product]) format.html { redirect_to(@product, :notice => 'Product was successfully updated.') } format.xml { head :ok } else format.html { render :action => "edit" } format.xml { render :xml => @product.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end end

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  • Windows server issue with a product

    - by peter
    Can you tell me the meaning of this statement.I am using windows 2008 server OS Log Problem must be changed so that it elevates privileges for a user executing the Problem. its done by creating a manifest that indicates that Problem needs Administrator privileges.

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  • Efficient way to build a MySQL update query in Python

    - by ensnare
    I have a class variable called attributes which lists the instance variables I want to update in a database: attributes = ['id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'name', 'name_url', 'email', 'password', 'password_salt', 'picture_id'] Each of the class attributes are updated upon instantiation. I would like to loop through each of the attributes and build a MySQL update query in the form of: UPDATE members SET id = self._id, first_name = self._first name ... Thanks.

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  • An array problem in C++

    - by manugupt1
    To access the array indice at the xth position we can use some sort of illustration as shown below #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main(){ float i[20]; for(int j=0;j<=20;j++) i[j]=0; } However the following piece of code does not work #include<iostream> using namespace std; float oldrand[55]; int jrand; void advance_random(){ int j1; float new_random; for(j1=0;j1<=23;j1++){ int temp = j1+30; new_random = (oldrand[j1]) - (oldrand[temp]); if(new_random <0.0) new_random = new_random+1; oldrand[j1] = new_random; } for(j1=24;j1<=54;j1++){ new_random[j1] = oldrand[j1] - oldrand[j1-23]; if(new_random[j1]<0.0) new_random[j1] = new_random + 1; oldrand[j1]=new_random; } } I recieve the following error ga.cpp:20: error: invalid types ‘float[int]’ for array subscript ga.cpp:21: error: invalid types ‘float[int]’ for array subscript ga.cpp:22: error: invalid types ‘float[int]’ for array subscript I am not able to find a mistake in my code please help me

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  • Use C function in C++ program; "multiply-defined" error

    - by eom
    I am trying to use this code for the Porter stemming algorithm in a C++ program I've already written. I followed the instructions near the end of the file for using the code as a separate module. I created a file, stem.c, that ends after the definition and has extern int stem(char * p, int i, int j) ... It worked fine in Xcode but it does not work for me on Unix with gcc 4.1.1--strange because usually I have no problem moving between the two. I get the error ld: fatal: symbol `stem(char*, int, int)' is multiply-defined: (file /var/tmp//ccrWWlnb.o type=FUNC; file /var/tmp//cc6rUXka.o type=FUNC); ld: fatal: File processing errors. No output written to cluster I've looked online and it seems like there are many things I could have wrong, but I'm not sure what combination of a header file, extern "C", etc. would work.

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  • Execute a method less times possible - PHP

    - by serhio
    I have a site in multiple languages. I have a method that returns me the today currencies in a array. I display that currencies in a table then. // --- en/index.php <?php include_once "../exchangeRates.php"; $currencies = ReadExchangeRates(); // --- fr/index.php <?php include_once "../exchangeRates.php"; $currencies = ReadExchangeRates(); ... // somewhere in the page <td><?php echo $currencies["eur"]["today"]; ?></td> So, every time I load, en/ or fr/ or other language, I request the exchange rates from a external site. Can I optimize this behavior (reading once per day or session)? maybe to store a global variable and check the update date?

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  • C++ Typing and OOP child classes

    - by Zack
    I'm a bit confused: If I have a base class A, and a class B which extends A, can a variable of the type A hold a value of the type B and vice versa? If yes, why? Aren't they completely different even if B is derived from A? How about type-safety? If this is possible, what things do I have to mind when taking use of this? How would this work out in terms of performance? Note: Sorry if I asked too many questions, just ignore them and just look out for those "marked" with the list decoration dot :) Also, this is not my homework. I'm a hobby programmer and have skills in scripting languages with OOP, yet I'm relatively new to OOP typing in C++.

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  • how to get the parent dir location using python..

    - by zjm1126
    this code is get the templates/blog1/page.html in b.py: path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.join('templates', 'blog1/page.html')) but i want to get the parent dir location: a |---b.py |---templates |--------blog1 |-------page.html and how to get the a location thanks

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  • Exceptions confusion

    - by Misiur
    Hi there. I'm trying to build site using OOP in PHP. Everyone is talking about Singleton, hermetization, MVC, and using exceptions. So I've tried to do it like this: Class building whole site: class Core { public $is_core; public $theme; private $db; public $language; private $info; static private $instance; public function __construct($lang = 'eng', $theme = 'default') { if(!self::$instance) { try { $this->db = new sdb(DB_TYPE.':host='.DB_HOST.';dbname='.DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASS); } catch(PDOException $e) { throw new CoreException($e->getMessage()); } try { $this->language = new Language($lang); } catch(LangException $e) { throw new CoreException($e->getMessage()); } try { $this->theme = new Theme($theme); } catch(ThemeException $e) { throw new CoreException($e->getMessage()); } } return self::$instance; } public function getSite($what) { return $this->language->getLang(); } private function __clone() { } } Class managing themes class Theme { private $theme; public function __construct($name = 'default') { if(!is_dir("themes/$name")) { throw new ThemeException("Unable to load theme $name"); } else { $this->theme = $name; } } public function getTheme() { return $this->theme; } public function display($part) { if(!is_file("themes/$this->theme/$part.php")) { throw new ThemeException("Unable to load theme part: themes/$this->theme/$part.php"); } else { return 'So far so good'; } } } And usage: error_reporting(E_ALL); require_once('config.php'); require_once('functions.php'); try { $core = new Core(); } catch(CoreException $e) { echo 'Core Exception: '.$e->getMessage(); } echo $core->theme->getTheme(); echo "<br />"; echo $core->language->getLang(); try { $core->theme->display('footer'); } catch(ThemeException $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); } I don't like those exception handlers - i don't want to catch them like some pokemons... I want to use things simple: $core-theme-display('footer'); And if something is wrong, and debug mode is enabled, then aplication show error. What should i do?

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  • returning a pointed to an object within a std::vector

    - by memC
    I have a very basic question on returning a reference to an element of a vector . There is a vector vec that stores instances of class Foo. I want to access an element from this vector . ( don't want to use the vector index) . How should I code the method getFoo here? #include<vector> #include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> #include<math.h> using namespace std; class Foo { public: Foo(){}; ~Foo(){}; }; class B { public: vector<Foo> vec; Foo* getFoo(); B(){}; ~B(){}; }; Foo* B::getFoo(){ int i; vec.push_back(Foo()); i = vec.size() - 1; // how to return a pointer to vec[i] ?? return vec.at(i); }; int main(){ B b; b = B(); int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++){ b.getFoo(); } return 0; }

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