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• How to Unban an IP properly with Fail2Ban

  - by psp

  I'm using Fail2Ban on a server and I'm wondering how to unban an IP properly. I know I can work with IPTables directly: iptables -D fail2ban-ssh <number> But is there not a way to do it with the fail2ban-client? In the manuals it states something like: fail2ban-client get ssh actionunban <IP>. But that doesn't work. Also, I don't want to /etc/init.d/fail2ban restart as that would lose all the bans in the list.

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• Can't access Linux machine from the network, network from the machine is fine

  - by Matt

  I'm having issues with a machine that stopped replicating with mysql. It's managed by a guy on another continent but recently I've had to get involved. The server is running Ubuntu server 9.10 I can't log in with SSH, there is no response. On the server itself I can ssh to localhost fine. I thought maybe it's the firewall rules. I'm no expert on IP Tables, but I believe that's not the issue as I removed all the rules. But it still won't let me in. Any ideas? it's acting from other machines as though the service isn't listening, but I know that it is. It's like this for all services.

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• Server Security

  - by mahatmanich

  I want to run my own root server (directly accessible from the web without a hardware firewall) with debian lenny, apache2, php5, mysql, postfix MTA, sftp (based on ssh) and maybe dns server. What measures/software would you recomend, and why, to secure this server down and minimalize the attack vector? Webapplications aside ... This is what I have so far: iptables (for gen. packet filtering) fail2ban (brute force attack defense) ssh (chang default, port disable root access) modsecurity - is really clumsy and a pain (any alternative here?) ?Sudo why should I use it? what is the advantage to normal user handling thinking about greensql for mysql www.greensql.net is tripwire worth looking at? snort? What am I missing? What is hot and what is not? Best practices? I like "KISS" - Keep it simple secure, I know it would be nice! Thanks in advance ...

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• Changed Password Won't seem to work for account

  - by erik

  Bit of an odd problem. I've got a server I can SSH into as one of two logins: root or erik. Once I've logged in as erik I've tried to switch to the root user: # sudo su - root Password: And entered the password. After several failures I thought I might have forgotten. So I SSH'd in as root, and changed the root password: # passwd Now back to the other shell (erik) and attempt to run sudo su - root and again, it won't accept the just changed password. Any ideas?

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• Executing local script/command on remote server

  - by Ian McGrath

  I have a command that I want to run on machine B from machine A. If I run the command on machine B locally, it works fine. Here is the command: for n in `find /data1/ -name 'ini*.ext'` ; do echo cp $n "`dirname $n `/` basename $n .ext`"; done From machine A, I issue this command ssh user@machineB for n in `find /data1/ -name 'ini*jsem'` ; do echo cp $n "`dirname $n `/` basename $n .jsem`"; done But I get error syntax error near unexpected token do What is wrong? I think it has something to do with double quotes, single quotes, semi colon because executing command ssh user@machineB ls works fine. So not issue of authentication or something else. Thanks

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• Create Webmin user for an EC2 Instance

  - by Dean

  I've setup an Amazon EC2 Instance, using the Ubuntu 12.04 AMI (ubuntu/images/ebs/ubuntu-precise-12.04-amd64-server-20120424 (ami-a29943cb)), and I'd like to get Webmin working (so I can setup a DNS). After following the installation instructions on Webmin's site, the installer says I can login with any username/pass of a user who has superuser access. The problem is that the EC2 instance only has 1 user "ubuntu", which can only login using SSH keys -- not a password! I've tried creating users manually and I can't login as those users (even via SSH), so I think it might be a permission thing provided by the AMI. Does anyone know the best way around setting up a login to my webmin?

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• Capistrano deploying to different servers with different authentication methods

  - by marimaf

  I need to deploy to 2 different server and these 2 servers have different authentication methods (one is my university's server and the other is an amazon web server AWS) I already have running capistrano for my university's server, but I don't know how to add the deployment to AWS since for this one I need to add ssh options for example to user the .pem file, like this: ssh_options[:keys] = [File.join(ENV["HOME"], ".ssh", "test.pem")] ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true I have browsed starckoverflow and no post mention about how to deal with different authentication methods this and this I found a post that talks about 2 different keys, but this one refers to a server and a git, both usings different pem files. This is not the case. I got to this tutorial, but couldn't find what I need. I don't know if this is relevant for what I am asking: I am working on a rails app with ruby 1.9.2p290 and rails 3.0.10 and I am using an svn repository Please any help os welcome. Thanks a lot

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• Linux process management

  - by tanascius

  Hello, I started a long running background-process (dd with /etc/urandom) in my ssh console. Later I had to disconnect. When I logged in, again (this time directly, without ssh), the process still seemed to to run. I am not sure what happened - I did not use disown. When I logged in later, the process was not listed in top at first, but after a while it reclaimed a high CPU percentage, as I expected. So I assume dd is still running. Now, I'd like to see the progress. I use kill -USR1 <pid> but nothing is printed. Is there any way to get the output again?

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• Smart card authentication to a Cisco switch?

  - by murisonc

  We have our Cisco network devices configured to authenticate network administrators using their domain accounts via RADIUS running on a Windows 2008R2 server with the network protection role. This works great for logging into the switch via SSH when configuring the devices. We are now in the beginning stages of deploying smart cards for logins. Does anyone know of a way to login to a Cisco switch using a smart card instead of a domain username and password? The SSH client we are using is Putty. Workstations are Windows 7. RADIUS is running on Windows 2008R2. We are running our own certificate authority on Windows 2008; network is not connected to the Internet. We prefer to not have to purchase additional proprietary devices for this functionality.

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• Git version control with multiple users

  - by ignatius

  Hello, i am a little bit lost with this issue, let me explain you my problem: I want to setup a git repository, three of four users will contribute, so they need to download the code and shall be able to upload their changes to the server or update their branch with the latest modifications. So, i setup a linux machine, install git, setup the repository, then add the users in order to enable the acces throught ssh. Now my question is, What's next?, the git documentation is a little bit confusing, i.e. when i try from a dummy user account to clone the repository i got: xxx@xxx-desktop:~/Documentos/git/test$ git clone -v ssh://[email protected]/pub.git Initialized empty Git repository in /home/xxx/Documentos/git/test/pub/.git/ [email protected]'s password: fatal: '/pub.git' does not appear to be a git repository fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly is that a problem of privileges? need any special configuration? i want to avoid using git-daemon or gitosis, sorry, maybe my question sound silly but git is powerfull but i admit not so user friendly. Thanks Br

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• SFTP is not connecting to remote server

  - by Crono15

  $ sftp -vvv Remote_IP Connecting to Remote_IP... OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to Remote_IP [Remote_IP] port 22. debug1: connect to address Remote_IP port 22: Operation timed out ssh: connect to host Remote_IP port 22: Operation timed out Connection closed I set up an account for SFTP only access with a chroot. I tested that on the server and it works fine. The problem is, I could not get remote SFTP access to the server to work right. The example above is what I keep on running into. I have been trying to figure out how to solve this problem for 2 days now. I am not sure if it have to do with /etc/ssh/sshd_config. Is it something that I am not aware of? I am hoping that you could help point me to the right place for this issue.

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• Will open files limit in Centos affect HTTP connections? Does the limit apply to a single session or all sessions?

  - by forestclown

  When I do a ulimit -n I got 256, I assume it means I can open 256 files at the sametime. Does it means I can open 256 files with one single session? or all sessions? For example, I logined to my server with username "abc" (via putty/ssh), and open 200 files, with the session still running, I logined to the same server again with the same username "abc" (via putty/ssh), I can open only another 56 files? or I can open another 256 files? Lastly, does this limit also restrict number of http connections? e.g. with the above example, I have opened 200 files, and then I use "wget" or "curl" to make http connections. Thanks

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• Missing eth0 configuration file

  - by Godric Seer

  I have two servers both running Scientific Linux 6 on the same network. Since I want SSH access to both of them, I want to give them both static IPs so I can setup port forwarding and not worry how my router assigns local IPs. I found that I need to edit the configuration file /etc/network-scripts/ifcng-eth0, however that file does not exist. The network card works fine, and I am able to ssh as long as I access the router and find the local ip. Can I simply make my own configuration file, or did I miss some step in configuring the system that I need to complete?

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• How to setup Secure SemiPublic Revision Control System

  - by user24912

  I have a windows server with a project configured with a revision control system. Suppose it's GIT or SVN or .... Suppose there are 10 people around the globe working on this project. The first thing that comes in to mind is to secure the connection between these programmer and the server with SSH. but my problem is that the a hacker can destroy the server if he gets the SSH username and password user account (tell me if i'm wrong). So I need a secure way to let thoes programmers push their revision to the server. Any ideas would be lovely

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• gnu screen - mouse does not work in nested screen session

  - by Matthew

  I started a screen session inside another screen session, both on my local machine. This is using cygwin, but I don't think it matters. I have tried via ssh to a real unix machine but the behaviour is the same. Mouse works great in the first screen session, I'm able to open vim with :set mouse=a and I can click to move the cursor or switch tabs, and the mouse wheel scrolls. But in the nested session it does not work, mouse is only useful for selecting terminal text that gets put in the clipboard, but is not able to interact with vim. I want this to work because I usually work with a local screen session, then ssh to a remote server and have a remote screen session running too (hence the nesting) and I like to scroll swiftly in vim by using the mouse wheel. Can anyone tell me why the mouse works in the first layer of screen but not in the second, nested screen session, and how I can make it work? Thanks in advance, Matthew

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• Security question pertaining web application deployment

  - by orokusaki

  I am about to deploy a web application (in a couple months) with the following set-up (perhaps anyways): Ubuntu Lucid Lynx with: IP Tables firewall (white-list style with only 3 ports open) Custom SSH port (like 31847 or something) No "root" SSH access Long, random username (not just "admin" or something) with a long password (65 chars) PostgreSQL which only listens to localhost 256 bit SSL Cert Reverse proxy from NGINX to my application server (UWSGI) Assume that my colo is secure (Physical access isn't my concern for the time being) Application-level security (SQL injection, XSS, Directory Traversal, CSRF, etc) Perhaps IP masquerading (but I don't really understand this yet) Does this sound like a secure setup? I hear about people's web apps getting hacked all the time, and part of me thinks, "maybe they're just neglecting something", but the other part of me thinks, "maybe there's nothing you can do to protect your server, and those things are just measures to make it a little harder for script kiddies to get in". If I told you all of this, gave you my IP address, and told you what ports were available, would it be possible for you to get in (assuming you have a penetration testing tool), or is this really protected well.

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• RDP through TCP Proxy

  - by johng100

  Hi, First time in Stackoverflow and I'm hoping someone can help me. I'm looking at a proof of concept to pass RDP traffic through a TCP Proxy/tunnel which will pass through firewalls using HTTPS. The problem has to do with deploying images to machines and so it can't be assumed that the .NET framework will be present, so C++ is being used at the deployment end of a connection. The basic system I have at present is a program which listens for client connections on a port then passes any data to a WCF service which stores it as a byte array. A deployment machine (using GSoap and C++) polls the WCF service for messages and if it finds them then passes the data onto the target server process via sockets. I know this sounds horrible, but it works for simple test clients and server passing data to and from simple test client and server programs via this WCF/C++/C# proxy layer. But I have to support traffic from RDP, VNC and possibly others, so I need a transparent proxy to do this and am wondering whether the above approach is worth pursuing. I've read up on SSH tunneling and that seems a possibility. My basic question is is it possible to tunnel RDP traffic over HTTPS using custom code. Thanks John

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• Sharing files from Ubuntu to Mac

  - by seengee

  Hi, Running Ubuntu 10.04 in one office and we want a couple of Mac's in another office to be able to connect to shares on this computer. Want a fairly simple solution to this if one exists. Started looking at setting up a VPN using PPTP but it seems quite complicated. Also seen mention of VNC but this seems more related to sharing desktops and all i want to do is share a directory. Could i just install open SSH and have the Mac users mount a share over SSH using public/private key encryption?

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• cannot mount remote partition using fstab/fuse

  - by HorusKol

  Using a combination of http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/01/02/mount-remote-directories-securely-with-ssh-ubuntu-6061-610/ and http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/fstab.html I figured I could mount the root of another computer to somewhere on my new laptop to make it easier to transfer files and stuff. Now, I can connect through SSH and browser the files through an ad-hoc mount - but I would like to be able to do this automatically, and so had a look at fstab. my new entry in fstab is: remote_comp:/ /var/remote_comp fuse defaults 0 0 but testing with mount -a results in the following error: /bin/sh: remote_comp:/: not found I thought the problem was because I was trying to mount the root of the other computer, but even trying sub-directories result in the same error message.

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• Advantages / disadvantages of having DynDNS access on a computer vs the router

  - by Margaret

  I have a shiny new toy, a Cisco Wireless-N Gigabit Security Router with VPN (WRVS4400N). While looking through the instruction manual, I discovered that it had support for DynDNS built-in. We've currently got the DynDNS client running on one of the servers (that people SSH to, as documented in this question); but the reason for the router update is to move away from SSH to VPN. To that end, is there any difference in behaviour/functionality/maintainability to run it off the computer, as opposed to the router? Thus far, DynDNS has more or less a set-and-forget setup, but since the feature was there, I wanted to know if it was a better location for the process...

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• How to dump remote database without mysqldump?

  - by deceze

  I want to dump the database on my remotely hosted site in regular intervals using a shell script. Unfortunately the server is locked down pretty tight, has no mysqldump installed, binary files can't be executed by normal users/in home directories (so I can't "install" it myself) and the database lives on a separate server, so I can't grab the files directly. The only thing I can do is log into the webserver via SSH and establish a connection to the database server using the mysql command line client. How can I dump the contents to a file a la mysqldump in SQL format? Bonus: If possible, how can I dump the contents directly to my end of the SSH connection?

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• A specific user is unable to log in to vsftpd

  - by HackToHell

  I am setting up a new user let his name be ftpguy. He has access to only one directory /var/www/xxx. I have already chowned the directory so that he has write and read privileges. The user is also unable to login via ssh as I have disabled that by changing his shell to /sbin/nologin. Also, in vsftpd config, I have enabled the chroot_local_user. Now whenever I log in from ftp, i get an auth error. Connect socket #1008 to xxxxxxxx, port 21... 220 Welcome to blah FTP service. USER ftpguy 331 Please specify the password. PASS ********** 530 Login incorrect. I changed the password to something different several times, using the passwd command, nothing happens, i still the above error. However I am able to log in with my ssh creditals to my ftp server without any problems.(I do not use a key).

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• Multi Thread Rsync Transfer

  - by reefine

  For some reason when running a single rsync command I am getting 1 MB/sec to 2 MB/sec even when I connecting 2 servers both connected to 1 Gbps ports. rsync -v --progress -e ssh /backup/mysqldata/mysql-bin.000199 [email protected]:/secondary/mysqldata/mysqldata/mysql-bin.000199 I have over 800 GB of data to transfer split among 500 or so files all starting with: mysql-bin.000* I've found that running 25-30 rsync simultaneously from seperate SSH windows gets me upwards of 25 MB/sec but it will take me hours to run these all manually. Is there anyway to get the 25 MB/sec from a single rsync command?

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• How to make PuTTY X11 forwarding work in a screen session?

  - by Alex Howell

  I'm using PuTTY with X11 forwarding enabled, using Xming as my X server on Windows 7. When I SSH to a Linux host, X11 forwarding works fine. If I start a "screen" screen manager session, it still works fine. If I disconnect from the screen session, then later resume in a different PuTTY window using "screen -rd", X11 forwarding doesn't work any more - I get an error: xterm X connection to localhost:11.0 broken (explicit kill or server shutdown). This seems to be because $DISPLAY is different in each PuTTY SSH session (localhost:11.0 in the first session, then localhost:12.0 in the next, and so on). If I manually set $DISPLAY to localhost:12.0 in the screen session, X11 forwarding works again. Is there a way to automatically set $DISPLAY in the screen session, each time it's resumed, so that it always matches the parent PuTTY session's?

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• Remote login/access on windows

  - by acidzombie24

  Hi I was wondering what software I can use to access my and other machines remotely? I used ssh which is nice but i don't know how it would be like on windows. (I assume its the same idea but windows console instead of a bash terminal?) Windows has a lot of applications that require GUI/MouseClicks. Actually I don't know a single ssh or vpn command line installer not that i'm complaining (but is helpful if you can mention some). I haven't use a VPN, is this taking control of a users screen/session? Or is it another instance/session as if you logged in as a different user on that box? What solutions are at my disposal for windows? (7)

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