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• No login prompt displayed after updating Ubuntu 10.04, broken gdm

  - by cliff

  So here's what happens: I updated my system the other day, was prompted for a reboot for the update to complete but was in the middle of working so I delayed it until after I was done. I reboot and it's broken :(. It appears to boot normally, with the following exceptions: The purple Ubuntu load screen no longer displays (though it did for the first couple of times I tried to get in). I hear the login prompt sound, but no login prompt appears. Nor is it simply "invisible" - pressing enter, typing my password, and pressing enter again do nothing. Normally my Bluetooth mouse is functional at this point, but it is not. GRUB displays recovery options for my current kernel, and for an older one (2.6.32-24). Trying to boot into .32-24 gives me an error saying "udevadm can't do something while udev is not configured". So I try solutions listed here: http://superuser.com/questions/195786/ubuntu-update-went-wrong-pc-doesnt-boot-how-can-i-repair-it Nothing I tried seemed to work, and after further Googling my hunch is that it's a problem with gdm. Please correct me if I'm wrong, I don't know all that much about how Linux/Ubuntu systems work just yet. Things I'm able to do: Boot to a live CD Ctrl-Alt-F2 after that login sound plays brings me to a console login, which I can successfully do (it's how I tried the solutions above). This works only under the current kernel. A hack I'd be willing to explore is removing the login prompt from the console, but I'd prefer to "simply" fix what's wrong. Like that guy, I need to repair the system rather than reinstall. System: Dell Inspiron 1525 Core 2 Duo Proprietary Driver for Broadcom 43xx wireless Dual-boot with Windows 7 (which is how I'm posting this, unfortunately I only have this machine and any experimenting requires constant reboots into Windows/brokenbuntu) Last package installed was Moonlight, but it appeared to install properly. Kernel: 2.6.32-25 Edit: After working with Karl's suggestions, it seems that the problem is with gdm. Error exit status 245 when attempting to sudo apt-get install --reinstall gdm, also an error processing gdm when running sudo apt-get -f install. How do I reinstall or repair gdm so that I can get back into my machine?

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• My hosting server giving memory allocation error

  - by Usman

  I have hosted my website on shared hosting linux server. As there are atmost 10-15 visitors come to my website daily but My wordpress website most of the times gives 500 Internal Server Error. I accessed my server Error Log following error is showing: [Tue Dec 04 08:57:45 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:45 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:43 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:43 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:42 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:42 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:41 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:41 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:40 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:40 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:32 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:31 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:29 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:29 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php [Tue Dec 04 08:57:26 2012] [error] [client 117.205.74.227] (12)Cannot allocate memory: couldn't create child process: /opt/suphp/sbin/suphp for /home/grasphub/public_html/index.php Is my hosting service really bad. And any solution. Thanks in advance.

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• debian gateway using iptables

  - by meijuh

  I am having problems setting up a debian gateway server. My goal: Having eth1 the WAN interface. Having eth0 the LAN interface. Allow both ports 22 (SSH) and 80 (HTTP) accessed from the outside world on the gateway (SSH and HTTP run on this server). What I did was the following: Create a file /etc/iptables.rules with contents: /etc/iptables.rules: *nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -j DROP COMMIT edit /etc/network/interfaces as follows: /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp #auto eth1 #allow-hotplug eth1 #iface eth1 inet dhcp allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 217.119.224.51 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 217.119.224.49 dns-nameservers 217.119.226.67 217.119.226.68 Uncomment the rule net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf to allow packet forwarding. The static settings for eth1 such as the ip address I got from my router (which I want to replace); I simply copied these. I have a (windows) DNS + DHCP server on ip address 10.180.1.10, which assigns ip address 10.180.1.44 to eth0. What this server does is not really interesting it only maps domain names on our local network and assigns one static ip to the gateway. What works: on the gateway itself I can ping 8.8.8.8 and google.nl. So that is okey. What does not work: (1) Every machine connected to eth0 (indirectly via a switch) can not ping an ip or a domain. So I guess the gateway can not be found. (2) Also when I configure my linux machine (a laptop) to use a static ip 10.180.1.41, a mask and a gateway (10.180.1.44) I can not ping an ip or domain either. This means that maybe my iptables is incorrect of not loaded correctly. Or I maybe have to configure my DNS/DHCP on my windows machine. I have not reset the windows machine net, restart the DNS/DHCP services, should I do this? I did not install dnsmasq as desribed here: http://blog.noviantech.com/2010/12/22/debian-router-gateway-in-15-minutes/. I don't think this is necessary?

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• DCHP and Router load testing

  - by John H

  I manage a campground wifi network with an average of 10 - 60 active users. I have encountered issues where the router starts acting flaky (failing to assign DHCP or failing to pass traffic) without any clear warning (low cpu utilization, etc). I upgraded the router a couple times and ended up with a Netgear ProSafe VPN router that seems to be handling the traffic. The interesting thing is that the Netgear has lower specs than the Buffalo router it replaced, indicating the issue is with the DD-WRT firmware. While I'll be pursuing this issue on the dd-wrt forums, I need a way to test routers. My vision is having 1-2 computers connected on the LAN side and 1-2 computers connected on the WAN side. I want the LAN computers to be generating various type of traffic and connections, as well as requesting DCHP addresses. A few notes: The wireless aspect should be a non-issue. Most clients would connect to a wireless bridge and come into the router through a network cable. I had a monitoring server with Nagios running check_dhcp against the router. This server was connected directly by a network cable, eliminating wifi bridges and other devices from the equation. This question is somewhat related, but not exactly: Load testing wireless LANs I am going to look at IxChariot. While I'd ideally like to use a 1 computer on each side running Linux and preferably free software, I can entertain running Windows, multiple computers, or non-free software. Total bandwidth doesn't seem to be the issue. I can transfer large files all day. Even on the busiest days, the users seemed to only pull ~5Mbps. There is very little "LAN to LAN traffic" and most of it might never have reached the main router. The issue I need to test for seems to be tied to active users, or more appropriately, active sessions. I know active users or active clients is a meaningless term from a router standpoint and wouldn't mind having more appropriate terms to use. Summary: I need a way to test a routers ability in handling traffic from a large number of clients. My current strategy is to purchase a router, deploy it, and see how it fails in the live environment.

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• AWS EC2 - How to specify an IAM role for an instance being launched via awscli

  - by Skaperen

  I am using the "aws ec2 run-instances" command (from the awscli package) to launch an instance in AWS EC2. I want to set an IAM role on the instance I am launching. The IAM role is configured and I can use it successfully when launching an instance from the AWS web UI. But when I try to do this using that command, and the "--iam-instance-profile" option, it failed. Doing "aws ec2 run-instances help" shows Arn= and Name= subfields for the value. When I try to look up the Arn using "aws iam list-instance-profiles" it gives this error message: A client error (AccessDenied) occurred: User: arn:aws:sts::xxxxxxxxxxxx:assumed-role/shell/i-15c2766d is not authorized to perform: iam:ListInstanceProfiles on resource: arn:aws:iam::xxxxxxxxxxxx:instance-profile/ (where xxxxxxxxxxxx is my AWS 12-digit account number) I looked up the Arn string via the web UI and used that via "--iam-instance-profile Arn=arn:aws:iam::xxxxxxxxxxxx:instance-profile/shell" on the run-instances command, and that failed with: A client error (UnauthorizedOperation) occurred: You are not authorized to perform this operation. If I leave off the "--iam-instance-profile" option entirely, the instance will launch but it will not have the IAM role setting I need. So the permission seems to have something to do with using "--iam-instance-profile" or accessing IAM data. I repeated several times in case of AWS glitches (they happen sometimes) and no success. I suspected that perhaps there is a restriction that an instance with an IAM role is not allowed to launch an instance with a more powerful IAM role. But in this case, the instance I am doing the command in has the same IAM role that I am trying to use. named "shell" (though I also tried using another one, no luck). Is setting an IAM role not even permitted from an instance (via its IAM role credentials)? Is there some higher IAM role permission needed to use IAM roles, than is needed for just launching a plain instance? Is "--iam-instance-profile" the appropriate way to specify an IAM role? Do I need to use a subset of the Arn string, or format it in some other way? Is it possible to set up an IAM role that can do any IAM role accesses (maybe a "Super Root IAM" ... making up this name)? FYI, everything involves Linux running on the instances. Also, I am running all this from an instance because I could not get these tools installed on my desktop. That and I do not want to put my IAM user credentials on any AWS storage as advised by AWS here. after answered: I did not mention the launching instance permission of "PowerUserAccess" (vs. "AdministratorAccess") because I did not realize additional access was needed at the time the question was asked. I assumed that the IAM role was "information" attached to the launch. But it really is more than that. It is a granting of permission.

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• When running a shell script, how can you protect it from overwriting or truncating files?

  - by Joseph Garvin

  If while an application is running one of the shared libraries it uses is written to or truncated, then the application will crash. Moving the file or removing it wholesale with 'rm' will not cause a crash, because the OS (Solaris in this case but I assume this is true on Linux and other *nix as well) is smart enough to not delete the inode associated with the file while any process has it open. I have a shell script that performs installation of shared libraries. Sometimes, it may be used to reinstall versions of shared libraries that were already installed, without an uninstall first. Because applications may be using the already installed shared libraries, it's important the the script is smart enough to rm the files or move them out of the way (e.g. to a 'deleted' folder that cron could empty at a time when we know no applications will be running) before installing the new ones so that they're not overwritten or truncated. Unfortunately, recently an application crashed just after an install. Coincidence? It's difficult to tell. The real solution here is to switch over to a more robust installation method than an old gigantic shell script, but it'd be nice to have some extra protection until the switch is made. Is there any way to wrap a shell script to protect it from overwriting or truncating files (and ideally failing loudly), but still allowing them to be moved or rm'd? Standard UNIX file permissions won't do the trick because you can't distinguish moving/removing from overwriting/truncating. Aliases could work but I'm not sure what entirety of commands need to be aliased. I imagine something like truss/strace except before each action it checks against a filter whether to actually do it. I don't need a perfect solution that would work even against an intentionally malicious script. Ideas I have so far: Alias cp to GNU cp (not the default since I'm on Solaris) and use the --remove-destination option. Alias install to GNU install and use the --backup option. It might be smart enough to move the existing file to the backup file name rather than making a copy, thus preserving the inode. "set noclobber" in ~/.bashrc so that I/O redirection won't overwrite files

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• Configure vlan on Netgear switch via SNMP

  - by Russell Gallop

  I am trying to configure vlans on a netgear GS752TSX from the Linux command line with netsnmp. I have created vlan 99 on the web interface now want to control the pvid settings, egress and tagging. I have identified these as the MIBs I need to change: dot1qPvid.<port> dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 Pvid works as I expect: $ snmpset -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qPvid.17 u 99 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qPvid.17 = Gauge32: 99 $ snmpget -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qPvid.17 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qPvid.17 = Gauge32: 99 and so do the egress ports: $ snmpset -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 x 'ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00' Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $ snmpget -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 But untagging the ports doesn't seem to remember my setting: $ snmpset -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 x 'ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00' Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $ snmpget -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 I have tried netsnmp 5.4.1 and 5.7.2. Is there something I'm doing wrong?

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• Windows Server 2008 Migration - Did I miss something?

  - by DevNULL

  I'm running in to a few complications in my migration process. My main role has been a Linux / Sun administrator for 15 yrs so Windows server 2008 environment is a bit new to me, but understandable. Here's our situation and reason for migrating... We have a group of developers that develop VERY low-level software in Visual C with some inline assembler. All the workstations were separate from each other which cased consistency problems with development libraries, versions, etc... Our goal was to throw them all on to a Windows domain were we can control workstation installations, hot fixes (which can cause enormous problems), software versions, etc... All Development Workstations are running Windows XP x32 (sp3) and x64 (sp2) I running in to user permission problems and I was wondering maybe I missed one, tWO or a handful of things during my deployment. Here is what I have currently done: Installed and Activated Windows Server 2008 Added Roles for DNS and Active Directory Configured DNS with WINS for netbios name usage Added developers to AD and mapped their shared folders to their profile Added roles for IIS7 and configured the developers SVN Installed MySQL Enterprise Edition for development usage Not having a firm understanding of Group Policy I haven't delved deeply in to that realm yet. Problems I'm encountering: 1. When I configure any XP workstations to logon our domain, once a user uses their new AD login, everything goes well, except they have very restrictive permissions. (Eg: If a user opens any existing file, they don't have write access, except in their documents folder.) Since these guys are working on low system level events, they need to r/w all files. All I'm looking to restrict in software installations. Am I correct to assume that I can use WSUS to maintain the domains hot fixes and updates pushed to the workstations? I need to map a centralized shared development drive upon the users login. This is open to EVERYONE. Right now I have the users folders mapped upon login through their AD profile. But how do I map a share if I've already defined one within their profile in AD? Any responses would be very grateful. Do I have to configure and define a group policy for the domain users? Can I use Volume Mirroring to mirror / sync two drives on two separate servers or should I just script a rsync or MS Synctool? The drives simply store nightly system images.

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• Apache won't serve images larger than ~2K

  - by dtbaker

  Hello, Just upgraded an old box to Ubuntu to 10.04.2 LTS. Apache will not display images to a browser that are over about 2K. Small images seem to display fine. Static HTML and PHP continues to works fine as well. Installed: apache2 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2-utils 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2.2-bin 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 apache2.2-common 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.4 here is an ngrep of an image that doesn't display fine in the browser: T 192.168.0.4:32907 - 192.168.0.54:80 [AP] GET /path/path/logo.png HTTP/1.1..Host: 192.1 68.0.54..Connection: keep-alive..Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+ xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5..User-Ag ent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13..Accept-Enco ding: gzip,deflate,sdch..Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8..Accept- Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3.... T 192.168.0.54:80 - 192.168.0.4:32907 [A] HTTP/1.1 200 OK..Date: Wed, 09 Mar 2011 05:28:38 GMT..Server: Apa che/2.2.14 (Ubuntu)..Last-Modified: Tue, 05 Oct 2010 11:59:17 GMT ..ETag: "17b6f4-15fe-491dd63eb2f40"..Accept-Ranges: bytes..Conten t-Length: 5630..Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100..Connection: Keep -Alive..Content-Type: image/png.....PNG........IHDR...!...v...... .%.....sRGB.........bKGD..............pHYs.................tIME.. etc... This looks ok to me! I have tried firefox and chrome, both display small images fine but when a large image is requested the browser prompts to download the file. When the image file is saved to the local computer it is corrupt, it also takes a long time to save which makes me think the browser cannot see the content-length header sent from apache. Also when I look at the saved image file it includes the headers from apache, along with a bit of garbage at the top, like so: vi logo.png: ^@^UÅd^@$^]V^S^H^@E^@^Q,n!@^@@^F^@^@À¨^@6À¨^@^D^@P^Y¬rÇŹéw^P^@Ú^@^@^A^A^H ^@^GÝ^]^@pbSHTTP/1.1 200 OK^M Date: Wed, 09 Mar 2011 04:47:04 GMT^M Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu)^M Last-Modified: Tue, 05 Oct 2010 11:59:17 GMT^M ETag: "17b6ff-157c-491dd63eb2f40"^M Accept-Ranges: bytes^M Content-Length: 5500^M Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=94^M Connection: Keep-Alive^M Content-Type: image/png^M ^M PNG^M etc... Any ideas? It's driving me nuts. There is nothing in apache error logs, and permissions are fine (because the image data is there, it's just somewhat corrupt). There's no proxy or iptables on this ubuntu box either. Thanks heaps!! Dave ps: just tried on IE from a different computer, same problem :( pps: rebooted server, no help.

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• pam_unix(sshd:session) session opened for user NOT ROOT by (uid=0), then closes immediately using using TortiseSVN

  - by codewaggle

  I'm having problems accessing an SVN repository using TortoiseSVN 1.7.8. The SVN repository is on a CentOS 6.3 box and appears to be functioning correctly. # svnadmin --version # svnadmin, version 1.6.11 (r934486) I can access the repository from another CentOS box with this command: svn list svn+ssh://[email protected]/var/svn/joetest But when I attempt to browse the repository using TortiseSVN from a Win 7 workstation I'm unable to do so using the following path: svn+ssh://[email protected]/var/svn/joetest I'm able to login via SSH from the workstation using Putty. The results are the same if I attempt access as root. I've given ownership of the repository to USER:USER and ran chmod 2700 -R /var/svn/. Because I can access the repository via ssh from another Linux box, permissions don't appear to be the problem. When I watch the log file using tail -fn 2000 /var/log/secure, I see the following each time TortiseSVN asks for the password: Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: Accepted password for USER from xx.xxx.xx.xxx port 59101 ssh2 Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user USER by (uid=0) Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user USER I'm actually able to login, but the session is then closed immediately. It caught my eye that the session is being opened for USER by root (uid=0), which may be correct, but I'll mention it in case it has something to do with the problem. I looked into modifying the svnserve.conf, but as far as I can tell, it's not used when accessing the repository via svn+ssh, a private svnserve instance is created for each log in via this method. From the manual: There's still a third way to invoke svnserve, and that's in “tunnel mode”, with the -t option. This mode assumes that a remote-service program such as RSH or SSH has successfully authenticated a user and is now invoking a private svnserve process as that user. The svnserve program behaves normally (communicating via stdin and stdout), and assumes that the traffic is being automatically redirected over some sort of tunnel back to the client. When svnserve is invoked by a tunnel agent like this, be sure that the authenticated user has full read and write access to the repository database files. (See Servers and Permissions: A Word of Warning.) It's essentially the same as a local user accessing the repository via file:/// URLs. The only non-default settings in sshd_config are: Protocol 2 # to disable Protocol 1 SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV ChallengeResponseAuthentication no GSSAPIAuthentication yes GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes UsePAM yes AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS X11Forwarding no Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server Any thoughts?

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• Cygwin's RSYNC for large data transfer

  - by Tim Brigham

  I'm using rsync from Cygwin to do a large scale data transfer from an aging HP MSA 1000 to a new DAS attached to a different server. I have a daemon running on the remote server in read only mode and a local copy writing the files to disk. One of my servers is an image repository with over a million files spread across about 300 directories. Each file averages only a couple hundred kilobytes. More so than any other box this one is proving problematic. The rsync process will work for a while - some times 20 minutes, some times an hour - and then it simply quits and sits idle at a given file name. I have verified that the file isn't corrupt on the remote server and that the file is successfully created on the local drive. I ran the rsync client in -vv mode, which returns nothing. I checked out the logs created by the daemon. I looked at the network utilization on the interface, which is sitting idle. I looked at the AV settings to see if anything could pose a problem there. I even updated to the latest release of Cygwin. What do I need to in order to keep this connection up? EDIT: The client system is using the command rsync.exe server::Drives/f/Repo/ /cygdrive/T/Repo --archive -P -vv The server is using the command rsync.exe --daemon --no-detach --config "rsyncd.conf" The contents of rsyncd.conf: use chroot = false strict modes = false hosts allow = 192.168.100.9 log file = c:/rsyncd.log uid=0 gid=0 [Drives] path = /cygdrive read only = yes EDIT: The file server is 2003, the disk type on the array is GPT and the size is of the array is about 4 TB. EDIT: Stranger.. It looks like the process is reliably erroring out at about 175,000 files. Rsync runs fine when I pick the same directory it has problems with one at a time. EDIT: rsync version 3.0.9 protocol version 30 Copyright (C) 1996-2011 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others. Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/ Capabilities: 64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 32-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints, no socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace, append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes A similar failure occurred when going from the same set of files with Cygwin to a Linux install. It didn't happen until several hours later than normal however.

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• Nginx giving a lot of 502 errors

  - by Loki

  Since a while I have installed nginx and everything seemed to be working fine, recently I found out that about 20% of the time users are getting 502-errors. This is also noticable when Google tries to crawl my site in Webmaster Tools (from 10000 posts, approx. 2000 502 errors) At first I was thinking to disable nginx, but I'd really like to keep using it. I'm running it on a server with 2GB RAM and 4 Reserved CPU Cores. WHM/cPanel installed and Mod_Ruid2 enabled + DSO as a PHP Handler with APC caching installed. Is there anything I can change in the config, that can fix this? I have installed Nginx Admin in WHM and here is what's in the configuration editor screen: user nobody; worker_processes 4; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; worker_rlimit_nofile 20480; events { worker_connections 10240; # increase for busier servers use epoll; # you should use epoll here for Linux kernels 2.6.x } http { server_name_in_redirect off; server_names_hash_max_size 10240; server_names_hash_bucket_size 1024; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_tokens off; disable_symlinks if_not_owner; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 5; gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; gzip_proxied any; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 16 8k; text/plain text/xml text/css application/x-javascript application/xml image/png image/x-icon image/gif image/jpeg application/xml+rss text/javascript application/atom+xml; ignore_invalid_headers on; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; reset_timedout_connection on; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 256k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; client_max_body_size 200M; client_body_buffer_size 128k; request_pool_size 32k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; proxy_temp_path /tmp/nginx_proxy/; client_body_in_file_only on; log_format bytes_log "$msec $bytes_sent ."; include "/etc/nginx/vhosts/*"; } I hope someone can help me out. Thanks in advance!

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• OS X server large scale storage and backup

  - by user135217

  I really hope this question doesn't come across as trolling or asking for buying advice. It's not intended. I've just started working for a small ad agency (40 employees). I actually quit being a system administrator a few years ago (too stressful!), but the company we're currently outsourcing our IT stuff to is doing such a bad job that I've felt compelled to get involved and do what I can to improve things. At the moment, all the company's data is stored on an 8TB external firewire drive attached to a Mac Mini running OS X Server 10.6, which provides filesharing (using AFP) for the whole company. There is a single backup drive, which is actually a caddy containing two 3TB hard drives arranged in RAID 0 (arrggghhhh!), which someone brings in as and when and copies over all the data using Carbon Copy Cloner. That's the entirety of the infrastructure, and the whole backup and restore strategy. I've been having sleepless nights. I've just started augmenting the backup process with FreeBSD, ZFS, sparse bundles and snapshot sends to get everything offsite. I think this is a workable behind the scenes solution, but for people's day to day use I'm struggling. Given the quantity and importance of the data, I think we should really be looking towards enterprise level storage solutions, high availability and so on, but the whole company is all Mac all the time, and I cannot find equipment that will do what we need. No more Xserve; no rack storage; no large scale storage at all apart from that Pegasus R6 that doesn't seem all that great; the Mac Pro has fibre channel, but it's not a real server and it's ludicrously expensive; Xsan looks like it's on the way out; things like heartbeatd and failoverd have apparently been removed from Lion Server; the new Mac Mini only has thunderbolt which severely limits our choices; the list goes on and on. I'm really, really not trying to troll here. I love Macs, but I just genuinely don't know where I'm supposed to look for server stuff. I have considered Linux or FreeBSD and netatalk for serving files with all the server-y goodness those OSes bring, but some the things I've read make me wonder if it's really the way to go. Also, in my own (admittedly quite cursory) experiments with it, I've struggled to get decent transfer speeds. I guess there's also the possibility of switching everyone off AFP and making them use SMB or NFS, but I understand that this can cause big problems with resource forks and file locks. I figure there must be plenty of all Mac companies out there. If you're the sysadmin at one, what do you use? Any suggestions very gratefully received.

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• debian packages version convention

  - by JackWu

  I'm using debian/Ubuntu, and get confused about versions of packages. When using dpkg -l command, I get: ii vim 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor ii vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - Common files ii vim-runtime 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - Runtime files ii vim-tiny 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version ii virt-what 1.11-1 detect if we are running in a virtual machine ii w3m 0.5.3-5ubuntu1 WWW browsable pager with excellent tables/frames support ii watershed 6 reduce superfluous executions of idempotent command ii wget 1.13.4-2ubuntu1 retrieves files from the web ii whiptail 0.52.11-2ubuntu10 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts ii whoopsie 0.1.33 Ubuntu crash database submission daemon ii wimlib9 1.5.0-1~webupd8~precise Library to extract, create, modify, and mount WIM files ii wimtools 1.5.0-1~webupd8~precise Tools to extract, create, modify, and mount WIM files ii wireless-tools 30~pre9-5ubuntu2 Tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions ii wpasupplicant 0.7.3-6ubuntu2.1 client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) ii x11-common 1:7.6+12ubuntu2 X Window System (X.Org) infrastructure ii x11-utils 7.6+4ubuntu0.1 X11 utilities ii xauth 1:1.0.6-1 X authentication utility ii xbitmaps 1.1.1-1 Base X bitmaps ii xclip 0.12-1 command line interface to X selections ii xfonts-encodings 1:1.0.4-1ubuntu1 Encodings for X.Org fonts ii xfonts-utils 1:7.6+1 X Window System font utility programs ii xkb-data 2.5-1ubuntu1.3 X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data ii xml-core 0.13 XML infrastructure and XML catalog file support rc xpdf 3.02-21build1 Portable Document Format (PDF) reader ii xterm 271-1ubuntu2.1 X terminal emulator ii xz-lzma 5.1.1alpha+20110809-3 XZ-format compression utilities - compatibility commands ii xz-utils 5.1.1alpha+20110809-3 XZ-format compression utilities ii zabbix-agent 1:1.8.11-1 network monitoring solution - agent ii zlib1g 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 compression library - runtime ii zlib1g-dev 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 compression library - development ii zsh 4.3.17-1ubuntu1 shell with lots of features The third column is version, but it all messed up in a way I can't understand. I mean, different packages use total different naming specification. Here are the major questions: Why there are ubuntu in them, and there are not? what all the special -~+ mean? alpha and build, dfsg, what are they? Can I just use them casually? vim and other packages have 2:, what does that mean? How version comparison works, since they can be so different? Can anyone please explain this to me? Or where can I find an official document? Thanks in advance.

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• How do I troubleshoot an IPsec tunnel (from a cellular router to a public server)?

  - by Hanno Fietz

  I'm new to IPsec and struggling with a setup that might soon be widely used in our operations (provided I do understand it, eventually...). A cellular router (blackbox by netModule, from its log messages it seems to be running Linux and OpenSwan) connects a sensor network on customers' sites with our public server. We need to be able to connect into the local network, so I had the cell provider give me a public IP (a dynamic one). The way their setup works, the public IPs only allow IPsec traffic. I set up OpenSwan on our Ubuntu server (running Jaunty). This is my connection config from /etc/ipsec.conf: conn gprs-field-devices left=my.pub.lic.ip [email protected] #leftsubnet=192.168.1.129/25 right=%any [email protected] #rightsubnet=192.168.1.1/25 #rightnexthop=%defaultroute auto=add On the router, all I have is the Web UI, in which I made the following settings: "Remote endpoint": public IP of server, same as "left" above "Local Network Address": 192.168.1.1 "Local Network Mask": 255.255.255.128 "Remote Network Address": 192.168.1.129 "Remote Network Mask": 255.255.255.128 The pluto process on the server is listening for connections on port 500. It can't open a tunnel, obviously, because it doesn't know at which IP the client is. I set up a passphrase as PSK for @field.econemon.com in /etc/ipsec.secrets and also configured it in the router (which doesn't seem to support certificates). My problem is, nothing happens. The router just says, IPsec is "down". When I copy-paste the IP into ipsec.conf (for "right="), and ask the server to ipsec auto --up gprs-field-devices, it just hangs until I press Ctrl-C. Is there anything wrong with my setup? How can I debug this further? My router gives the following loglines that seem related, but don't tell me anything: Feb 21 23:08:20 Netbox authpriv.warn pluto[2497]: loading secrets from "/etc/ipsec.secrets" Feb 21 23:08:20 Netbox authpriv.warn pluto[2497]: loading secrets from "/etc/ipsec.d/hostkey.secrets" Feb 21 23:08:20 Netbox authpriv.warn pluto[2497]: loading secrets from "/etc/ipsec.d/netbox0.secrets" Feb 21 23:08:20 Netbox authpriv.warn pluto[2497]: "netbox00" #1: initiating Main Mode Feb 21 23:08:20 Netbox daemon.err ipsec__plutorun: 104 "netbox00" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate Feb 21 23:08:20 Netbox daemon.err ipsec__plutorun: ...could not start conn "netbox00" Feb 21 23:08:22 Netbox authpriv.warn pluto[2497]: packet from 188.40.57.4:500: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN Feb 21 23:08:22 Netbox authpriv.warn pluto[2497]: packet from 188.40.57.4:500: received and ignored informational message Feb 21 23:08:28 Netbox user.warn parrot.system_controller[762]: IPSECCTRLR: Tunnel 0 is down for 0 seconds Feb 21 23:08:40 Netbox user.warn parrot.system_controller[762]: IPSECCTRLR: Tunnel 0 is down for 10 seconds Feb 21 23:08:52 Netbox authpriv.warn pluto[2497]: packet from 188.40.57.4:500: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN

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• Unable to burn Windows ISO from Fedora

  - by user331947

  First of all, English is not my native tongue, so apologies for any mistakes. My computer recently started prompting that it can't launch Windows successfully. So I just choose start Windows normally. Then, I found that the startup freezes at the Windows screen (before the login prompt). I have tried rebooting several times and get the same results. So I just gave up. After few days, I tried to boot up my laptop again. This time it got to the desktop, but it's extremely slow and the icons on my Desktop don't show up. I decided to format the Windows partition and reinstall a new one. (It is usually faster that way since I kept my 400GB+ data on aother partition and programs and the rest in the same partition as Windows). The thing is I get the Windows disc at the moment (Traveling aboard). But I have a Windows 7 disc image on my hard disk. So, I downloaded Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, made a Live USB, and then try to burn the image from Ubuntu. But the program just freezes and I don't know why. I tried several times and it's still the same. So I tried using Fedora instead, just to see if it will work. The Disk Image Writer report something like this. Error unmounting /dev/dm-0: Command-line `umount "/dev/dm-0"' exited with non-zero exit status 32: umount: /: target is busy (In some cases useful info about processes that use the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1).) (udisks-error-quark, 14) Also, I tried installing linux on the windows partition. The installation program freezes (both Ubuntu and Fedora). So, I thought that maybe something are wrong with my hard disk. I seek the solution on the internet and found that gparted can be used to format a partition. And it also froze at "Searching /dev/sda/ partition ...". I'm using Lenovo Y570. Spec below. http://www.notebookreview.com/notebookreview/lenovo-ideapad-y570-review-a-lenovo-bestseller/3/ Can anyone suggest a next step in diagnosing and fixing this problem? Thanks in advance.

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• Plesk Postfix Mail Server 9.5.4 very heavy load, 1000s of processes

  - by Eugene van der Merwe

  Our Plesk Linux Ubuntu 64-bit mail server has extremely high load and we don't know how to isolate it. The load was okay will two weeks ago but in the last two weeks it's seriously deteriorated. The mail server has been running for years and we have had sporadic performance issues. Normally we reduce the load by turning off all SPAM checks until the problem is sorted (which sometimes resolves itself). Currently we have turned of real time block lists, SPF checking and we have attempted to turn off SpamAssassin. No matter what we do the SpamAssassin check box stays ticked in the GUI. Out of desperation we have done /etc/init.d/psa-spamassassin stop. For years we haven't been able to do SpamAssassin because it kills the server. We would like to use it but performance is more important for now. We cannot turn off Greylisting. The moment we turn off Greylisting our help desk is inandated with calls. Out of desperation we investigated truncating the Greylisting database which is now 2.5 GB big but we abandoned this after noticing turning of Greylisting doesn't improve the performance at all. We have no anti-virus. It's just more load and Dr. Web never really worked that well for us. But we'll try that if it will make a difference. We have implemented Postfix Anvil. This seems to have made the situation worse so we disabled it. We’re not sure if this is the case. Our current mail server is configured to forward all SMTP to a relay server. We did so to reduce the load. This helped a lot because outgoing queues are generally empty. We are running in an Expand configuration. The mail server has about 12 000 accounts of which maybe half are active. We have read through this document: http://www.postfix.org/STRESS_README.html but there are too many settings and we don’t know which ones to choose. Please assist urgently. We need advice on how to fix this problem before all our clients abandon is. The only clue we have is that there are 100s of these processes: 30 13205 1 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/plesk-9.0/postfix-queue 127.0.0.1 10027 before-queue 30 13207 1 0 11:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/plesk-9.0/postfix-queue 127.0.0.1 10027 before-queue 30 13208 1 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/plesk-9.0/postfix-queue 127.0.0.1 10026 before-remote 30 13209 1 0 11:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/plesk-9.0/postfix-queue 127.0.0.1 10026 before-remote 30 13213 1 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/plesk-9.0/postfix-queue 127.0.0.1 10027 before-queue

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• rsync -c -i flags identical files as different

  - by Scott

  My goal: given a list of files on local server, show any differences to the files with the same absolute path on remote server; e.g. compare local /etc/init.d/apache to same file on remote server. "Difference" for me means different checksum. I don't care about file modification times. I also do not want to sync the files (yet); only show the diffs. I have rsync 3.0.6 on both local and remote servers, which should be able to do what I want. However, it is claiming that local and remote files, even with identical checksums, are still different. Here's the command line: $ rsync --dry-run -avi --checksum --files-from=/home/me/test.txt --rsync-path="cd / && rsync" / me@remote:/ where: "me" = my username; "remote" = remote server hostname current working directory is '/' test.txt contains one line reading "/etc/init.d/apache" OS: Linux 2.6.9 Running cksum on /etc/init.d/apache on both servers yields the same result. The files are the same. However, rsync output is: me@remote's password: building file list ... done .d..t...... etc/ cd+++++++++ etc/init.d/ <f+++++++++ etc/init.d/apache sent 93 bytes received 21 bytes 20.73 bytes/sec total size is 2374 speedup is 20.82 (DRY RUN) The output codes (see http://www.samba.org/ftp/rsync/rsync.html) mean that rsync thinks /etc is identical except for mod time /etc/init.d needs to be changed /etc/init.d/apache will be sent to the remote server I don't understand how, with --checksum option, and the files having identical checksums, that rsync should think they're different. (I've tried with other files having identical mod times, and those files are not flagged as different.) I did run this in /, and made sure (AFAIK) that it's run remotely in /, so even relative pathnames will still be correct. I ran rsync with -avvvi for more debug info, but saw nothing remarkable. I'm wondering: is rsync still looking at file mod times, even with --checksum? am I somehow not setting up the path(s) right? what am I doing wrong?

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• Recover harddrive data

  - by gameshints

  I have a dell laptop that recently "died" (It would get the blue screen of death upon starting) and the hard drive would make a weird cyclic clicking noises. I wanted to see if I could use some tools on my linux machine to recover the data, so I plugged it into there. If I run "fdisk" I get: Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0 GB, 20003880960 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 19077 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x64651a0a Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Fine, the partition table is messed up. However if I run "testdisk" in attempt to fix the table, it freezes at this point, making the same cyclical clicking noises: Disk /dev/sdb - 20 GB / 18 GiB - CHS 19078 64 32 Analyse cylinder 158/19077: 00% I don't really care about the hard drive working again, and just the data, so I ran "gpart" to figure out where the partitions used to be. I got this: dev(/dev/sdb) mss(512) chs(19077/64/32)(LBA) #s(39069696) size(19077mb) * Warning: strange partition table magic 0x2A55. Primary partition(1) type: 222(0xDE)(UNKNOWN) size: 15mb #s(31429) s(63-31491) chs: (0/1/1)-(3/126/63)d (0/1/32)-(15/24/4)r hex: 00 01 01 00 DE 7E 3F 03 3F 00 00 00 C5 7A 00 00 Primary partition(2) type: 007(0x07)(OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX or Advanced UNIX) (BOOT) size: 19021mb #s(38956987) s(31492-38988478) chs: (4/0/1)-(895/126/63)d (15/24/5)-(19037/21/31)r hex: 80 00 01 04 07 7E FF 7F 04 7B 00 00 BB 6F 52 02 So I tried to mount just to the old NTFS partition, but got an error: sudo mount -o loop,ro,offset=16123904 -t ntfs /dev/sdb /mnt/usb NTFS signature is missing. Ugh. Okay. But then I tried to get a raw data dump by running dd if=/dev/sdb of=/home/erik/brokenhd skip=31492 count=38956987 But the file got up to 59885568 bytes, and made the same cyclical clicking noises. Obviously there is a bad sector, but I don't know what to do about it! The data is still there... if I view that 57MB file in textpad... I can see raw data from files. How can I get my data back? Thanks for any suggestions, Solution: I was able to recover about 90% of my data: Froze harddrive in freezer Used Ddrescue to make a copy of the drive Since Ddrescue wasn't able to get enough of my drive to use testdisk to recover my partitions/file system, I ended up using photorec to recover most of my files

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• Hot-swap drive got new name, can I change it on-the-fly?

  - by T.J. Crowder

  One of the HDDs in my server's RAID config failed, so I took it out of the array and had the data center hot-swap it. They've done that, but now the new drive is /dev/sdc rather than /dev/sda. I suspect — correct me if I'm wrong — that if I reboot the server, it will be /dev/sda again, so I'm hesitant to add it back to the array as /dev/sdc because I don't want to lay a trap for myself to fall into on the next reboot. I'd just as soon not reboot the server if I don't need to (if I do need to, well, too bad for me). Is there a way I can change the device name from /dev/sdc to /dev/sda without rebooting? This is on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. It's an md array ("Linux Software RAID"), where currently one of the devices (there are a couple of them) looks like this ("degraded" because I've removed the old /dev/sda from it): # mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Sun Oct 11 21:07:54 2009 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Used Dev Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Jun 30 09:31:16 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 496be7a5:ab9177ed:7792c71e:7dc17aa4 Events : 0.112 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed Thanks, Update: Reading through the kernel md documentation, I suspect that if the name changes on reboot, it won't matter. (Good design, that.) Here's why: Boot time autodetection of RAID arrays When md is compiled into the kernel (not as module), partitions of type 0xfd are scanned and automatically assembled into RAID arrays. This autodetection may be suppressed with the kernel parameter "raid=noautodetect". As of kernel 2.6.9, only drives with a type 0 superblock can be autodetected and run at boot time. The kernel parameter "raid=partitionable" (or "raid=part") means that all auto-detected arrays are assembled as partitionable. I do have md compiled into the kernel, so I'm rebuilding the array now and will do the reboot to see what happens. Even if it works, the above doesn't answer the question I actually asked, so unless someone comes along and answers that question in the meantime (I'd be interested, even if it's not necessary for what I'm doing this very moment), I'll just delete the question to keep noise down.

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• iptables : how to correctly allow incoming and outgoing traffic for certain ports?

  - by Rubytastic

  Im trying to get incoming and outgoing traffic to be enabled on specific ports, because I block everything at the end of the iptables rules. INPUT and FORWARD reject. What would be the appropiate way to open certain ports for all traffic incoming and outgoing? From docs I found below but one has to really define both lines? iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT I try to open ports for xmpp service and some other deamons running on server. Rules: *filter # Allow all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accept all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow all outbound traffic - you can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allow HTTP # Prevent DDOS attacks (http://blog.bodhizazen.net/linux/prevent-dos-with-iptables/) # Disallow HTTPS -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 50/minute --limit-burst 200 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m limit --limit 50/second --limit-burst 50 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP # Allow SSH connections # The -dport number should be the same port number you set in sshd_config -A INPUT -p tcp -s <myip> --dport ssh -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -s <myip> --dport 5984 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j REJECT # Attempt to block portscans # Anyone who tried to portscan us is locked out for an entire day. -A INPUT -m recent --name portscan --rcheck --seconds 86400 -j DROP -A FORWARD -m recent --name portscan --rcheck --seconds 86400 -j DROP # Once the day has passed, remove them from the portscan list -A INPUT -m recent --name portscan --remove -A FORWARD -m recent --name portscan --remove # These rules add scanners to the portscan list, and log the attempt. -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j LOG --log-prefix "Portscan:" -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j DROP -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j LOG --log-prefix "Portscan:" -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -m recent --name portscan --set -j DROP # Stop smurf attacks -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type address-mask-request -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type timestamp-request -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp -j DROP # Drop excessive RST packets to avoid smurf attacks -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags RST RST -m limit --limit 2/second --limit-burst 2 -j ACCEPT # Don't allow pings through -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j DROP # Log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT

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• unable to install anything on ubuntu 9.10 with aptitude

  - by Srisa

  Hello, Earlier i could install software by using the 'sudo aptitude install ' command. Today when i tried to install rkhunter i am getting errors. It is not just rkhunter, i am not able to install anything. Here is the text output: user@server:~$ sudo aptitude install rkhunter ................ ................ 20% [3 rkhunter 947/271kB 0%] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com karmic/universe unhide 20080519-4 [832kB] 40% [4 unhide 2955/832kB 0%] 100% [Working] Fetched 1394kB in 1s (825kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package lsof. (Reading database ... ................ (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 20076 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking lsof (from .../lsof_4.81.dfsg.1-1_amd64.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/lsof_4.81.dfsg.1-1_amd64.deb (--unpack): unable to create `/usr/bin/lsof.dpkg-new' (while processing `./usr/bin/lsof'): Permission denied dpkg-deb: subprocess paste killed by signal (Broken pipe) Selecting previously deselected package libmd5-perl. Unpacking libmd5-perl (from .../libmd5-perl_2.03-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package rkhunter. Unpacking rkhunter (from .../rkhunter_1.3.4-5_all.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/rkhunter_1.3.4-5_all.deb (--unpack): unable to create `/usr/bin/rkhunter.dpkg-new' (while processing `./usr/bin/rkhunter'): Permission denied dpkg-deb: subprocess paste killed by signal (Broken pipe) Selecting previously deselected package unhide. Unpacking unhide (from .../unhide_20080519-4_amd64.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/unhide_20080519-4_amd64.deb (--unpack): unable to create `/usr/sbin/unhide-posix.dpkg-new' (while processing `./usr/sbin/unhide-posix'): Permission denied dpkg-deb: subprocess paste killed by signal (Broken pipe) Processing triggers for man-db ... Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/lsof_4.81.dfsg.1-1_amd64.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/rkhunter_1.3.4-5_all.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/unhide_20080519-4_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) A package failed to install. Trying to recover: Setting up libmd5-perl (2.03-1) ... Building dependency tree... 0% Building dependency tree... 50% Building dependency tree... 50% Building dependency tree Reading state information... 0% ........... .................... I have removed some lines to reduce the text. All the error messages are in here though. My experience with linux is limited and i am not sure what the problem is or how it is to be resolved. Thanks.

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• Why is Windows 7 announcing itself as an IPv6 router?

  - by Paul

  I have a 6in4 ipv6 connection from a linux box to a broker. I use gogoc to establish the connection to the broker, and radvd to advertise the route to clients on the network. All this appears to work, the problem is that I have a Windows 7 machine on the same network, and it is advertising itself as a ipv6 router. Which it is not. This is output from radvdump: # # radvd configuration generated by radvdump 1.8.5 # based on Router Advertisement from [snip]:ea2 # received by interface eth0 # interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump AdvManagedFlag on; AdvOtherConfigFlag on; AdvReachableTime 0; AdvRetransTimer 0; AdvCurHopLimit 0; AdvDefaultLifetime 1800; AdvHomeAgentFlag off; AdvDefaultPreference medium; AdvSourceLLAddress on; AdvLinkMTU 1500; }; # End of interface definition # # radvd configuration generated by radvdump 1.8.5 # based on Router Advertisement from [snip]:1121 # received by interface eth0 # interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump AdvManagedFlag off; AdvOtherConfigFlag off; AdvReachableTime 0; AdvRetransTimer 0; AdvCurHopLimit 64; AdvDefaultLifetime 1800; AdvHomeAgentFlag off; AdvDefaultPreference medium; AdvLinkMTU 1280; AdvSourceLLAddress on; prefix [snip]::/64 { AdvValidLifetime 86400; AdvPreferredLifetime 14400; AdvOnLink on; AdvAutonomous on; AdvRouterAddr off; }; # End of prefix definition }; # End of interface definition And I end up with two routes: $ ip -6 route [snip]::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 expires 86117sec fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 default via [snip]:ea2 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 1492sec default via [snip]:1121 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 1506sec The ea2 route is to the Windows7 box. It doesn't have a router installed, and doesn't have any tun/tap interfaces. I can't see why it is doing this. I could disable ipv6 on it, but I want it to be a client, not a router. Update: The IP Helper service (Provides tunnel connectivity using IPv6 transition technologies (6to4, ISATAP, Port Proxy, and Teredo), and IP-HTTPS. If this service is stopped, the computer will not have the enhanced connectivity benefits that these technologies offer.) seems to be the culprit, as if it is stopped, I don't get the routes advertised. So my question is now more specifically "why is IP Helper announcing routes?".

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• OpenVPN multiple servers on the same subnet, high availability

  - by andre

  Hey everyone. Let me start by saying that my Linux experience isn't super awesome but I can usually find my way around things easily. Over at work we have an OpenVPN setup that's been due for some improvement for a while now. The main server (tap mode) runs in our office, behind a rather slow DSL connection. The main problem is that, since I'm usually out of the office, every time I want to access something on the virtual network I have to go through that server to get anywhere else. We have two servers up on 100 Mbit connections that we use for development and production purposes, about 3 more servers in the office (one of them behind a different T1 line for VOIP) and about two dozen clients who use the network on a daily basis from various locations. We've had situations where network routing (outside of our control) would not allow people to reach our main OpenVPN server whilst the other locations were connectable. Also any time someone outside the office wants to fetch something from any of the servers (say, a 500 MB code repository), a whopping 20 KB/s download speed is just unacceptable these days (did I mention slow DSL? ok). We had to implement traffic shaping on this server since maxing out this connection was fairly trivial. I had the thought of running two (or more) OpenVPN servers in the network. These would have to have the same subnet though, as our application relies on virtual network's IP addresses for some of its core functionality. The clients would also preferably retain the same IP addresses but that's not vital. For simplicity, lets call the current server office and the second server I'm setting up, cloud. Call the server on the T1 phone. This proved to be rather complex because as soon as I connect to cloud, I cannot see office. Any routes to a server that would go through office also do not work while I'm connected to cloud (no ping, nothing) and vice-versa. There's no rules for iptables that would be blocking the traffic either. Recently I came across this article on linuxjournal but the solution they provide seems to only cover the use of two servers and somewhat outdated (can't even find much documentation, their wiki is offline). They also state that adding more servers would be a complex task. Ideally I would like to keep the existing server office running the virtual network and also run the OpenVPN daemon on the cloud and phone servers (100 Mbit and very reliable connection, respectively) so that we're on safe ground in case of a hardware failure, DSL failure, etc. So, in essence, I'm looking for a highly available OpenVPN solution (fix, patch, hack, tweak, whatever you want to call it) that will accept connections on multiple hosts (2 or more) whilst keeping the same IP address subnet regardless of the server to which you connect to. Thanks for reading and sorry for the long post, I hope it gets the point across :P

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• PHP Sessions suddenly not working

  - by styrken

  Out of no where my php sessions does not work anymore. The server have been running fine for several months. I'am running Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-14-server x86_64) with nginx/1.0.11 and php 5.3.19-1~dotdeb.0 Session info copied from phpinfo() Session Support enabled Registered save handlers files user memcached Registered serializer handlers php php_binary wddx Directive Local Value Master Value session.auto_start Off Off session.bug_compat_42 Off Off session.bug_compat_warn Off Off session.cache_expire 180 180 session.cache_limiter nocache nocache session.cookie_domain no value no value session.cookie_httponly Off Off session.cookie_lifetime 0 0 session.cookie_path / / session.cookie_secure Off Off session.entropy_file no value no value session.entropy_length 0 0 session.gc_divisor 1000 1000 session.gc_maxlifetime 1440 1440 session.gc_probability 0 0 session.hash_bits_per_character 5 5 session.hash_function 0 0 session.name PHPSESSID PHPSESSID session.referer_check no value no value session.save_handler files files session.save_path /tmp /tmp session.serialize_handler php php session.use_cookies On On session.use_only_cookies On On session.use_trans_sid 0 0 I have setup the following php script to test with: error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set('display_errors', true); error_log($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] . ' visited test page'); if(session_start()) echo "Session started <br />"; else echo "Session failed <br />"; echo '<a href="?', time(), '">refresh</a>', "\n"; echo '<pre>'; echo 'session id: ', session_id(), "\n"; $sessionfile = ini_get('session.save_path') . '/' . 'sess_'.session_id(); echo 'session file: ', $sessionfile, ' '; if ( file_exists($sessionfile) ) { echo 'size: ', filesize($sessionfile), "\n"; echo '# ', file_get_contents($sessionfile), ' #'; } else { echo ' does not exist'; } echo PHP_EOL; $_SESSION['number'] = (int) @$_SESSION['number'] + 1; var_dump($_SESSION); echo "</pre>\n"; session_write_close(); echo 'done.'; It tells me that the session file exists, but my session id changes on each refresh.. What is going wrong? There is no output to any error logs at all.. :/ Please help!

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