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  • How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

    - by int3
    Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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  • Is this physical collection class that contains only static methods an Anti-Pattern?

    - by Tj Kellie
    I'm trying to figure out if I should continue on with a current pattern in an application I'm working in, or refactor this into something else. I have a set of collection classes off a generic base of List. These classes have public constructors but contain only static methods that return collections. They look like this: public class UserObjCollection : BaseCollection<UserObj> { public static UserObjCollection GetAllUserObj() { UserObjCollection obj = new UserObjCollection(); obj.MapObjects(new UserObjDataService().GetAllUserObj()); return obj; } } Is this a Pattern or Anti-Pattern and what are the merits of this over a straight factory pattern?

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  • Why are static imports of static methods with same names legal?

    - by user1055638
    Lets say we have these packages and classes: package p1; public class A1 { public static void a() {} } package p2; public class A1 { public static void a() {} } package p3; import static p1.A1.a; import static p2.A1.a; public class A1 { public static void test() { } } I am wondering, why the static import of methods is legal (won't result in compile time error) in package p3? We won't be able to use them further in the test() method as such usage will result in the compile time error. Why it is not the same as with a normal import of classes. Lets say we would like to import classes A1 from packages p1 and p2 into p3: package p3; import p1.A1; import p2.A1; such import is illegal and will result in the compile time error.

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  • Java CRTP: Works for container but not for methods?

    - by Daniel
    I have a baseclass with a protected static ArrayList. I want to have a seperate ArrayList for each kind of subclass that extends this baseclass. This is when I applied CRTP: public class BaseExample<T> { protected static ArrayList<Integer> data = new ArrayList<Integer>(); } This works just fine. However, when I try to implement the following static method in the same base class, it doesn't adhere to CRTP: public static void clear() { data.clear(); } For example: class SubExample extends BaseExample<SubExample> { // insertion methods accessing 'data' field // these work fine :) } SubExample.clear(); // does not seem to clear data container Do I need to somehow explicitly specify T in my baseclass clear method? Note: These are all pure static classes.

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  • how do i round/trucate a number without using methods like math.round or %3f?

    - by user2923875
    So far I need to round a number that I inputted and get it to 3 decimal places without those methods. if(number !=(int)number){ number*=1000; number=(int)number; number=(double)number; number/=1000; System.out.println("-"+ number); } if(number ==(int)number){ System.out.println("-"+ number + "00"); } With that above, it will work for any input except the ones with 2 decimal places, like 12.34 . How do I make it work if i type 12.34 and displays 12.340?

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  • Can I grant explicit Javascript methods to a different-host iframe?

    - by Matchu
    I'm thinking about a system in which I allow users to create Javascript-empowered widgets for other users to embed in their dashboard on my website. I'd like to limit these widgets fairly strictly, so each would exist as an iframe kept on its own unique hostname: the widget with ID #47 would be accessible at w47.widgets.example.com, for example. It would be helpful, for permission-granting dialogs and the like, to allow the widget to call very specific methods explicitly granted by the parent window, without authorizing the iframe to do whatever it likes with the parent frame on the user's behalf. Is it possible for a parent document to explicitly allow certain method calls to a child document on a different host?

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  • What are the different methods for injecting cross-cutting concerns?

    - by Stacy Vicknair
    What are the different methods for injecting cross-cutting concerns into a class so that I can minimize the coupling of the classes involved while keeping the code testable (TDD or otherwise)? For example, consider if I have a class that requires both logging functionality and centralized exception management. Should I use DIP and inject both required concerns via an interface into the class that requires them? Should I use a service locater that I pass to each class that will require some cross cutting functionality? Is there a different solution altogether? Am I asking the wrong question entirely?

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  • How can I fix "Databinding methods such as Eval(), XPath(), and Bind() can only be used in the conte

    - by slolife
    I have a user control (ascx) that I have added two public properties to: RequestTypeId and GroupId. Both have the attribute set. In my aspx page, I have a ListView, and in the ItemTemplate, I place my control reference, like so: <ctrl:ServiceTypeGroup runat="server" RequestTypeId="<%#RequestType.RequestTypeId%>" GroupId='<%#Eval("Id").ToString()%>' /> Setting the RequestTypeId works fine. Setting the GroupId fails with the following error: "Databinding methods such as Eval(), XPath(), and Bind() can only be used in the context of a databound control." What do I need to do to my user control code to allow binding a Eval() expression to one of its properties? Or is it not possible?

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  • What is the difference between binding data in data grid view methods ??

    - by Ashish
    What is the difference between binding data in data grid view methods ?? <ItemTemplate> <asp:LinkButton ID="lnkBtnUserName" runat="server" Text='<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,"UserFirstName")%>' CommandArgument='<%# Eval("UserID") %>' OnClick="lnkBtnUserName_Click" /> </ItemTemplate> and this second one <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Employee ID"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="lblempid" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("EmpId.EmpId") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> means in method 1 Text='<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,"UserFirstName")%>' CommandArgument='<%# Eval("UserID") %>' method 2 Text='<%# Bind("EmpId.EmpId") also explain use one this CommandArgument='<%# Eval("UserID") in 1st one ????

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  • Why wasn't C# designed with 'const' for variables and methods?

    - by spoulson
    I suspect const was simplified for the C# spec for general language simplicity. Was there a specific reason we can't declare variable references or methods as const like we can with C++? e.g.: const MyObject o = new MyObject(); // Want const cast referenece of MyObject o.SomeMethod(); // Theoretically legal because SomeMethod is const o.ChangeStuff(); // Theoretically illegal because ChangeStuff is not const class MyObject { public int val = 0; public void SomeMethod() const { // Do stuff, but can't mutate due to const declaration. } public void ChangeStuff() { // Code mutates this instance. Can't call with const reference. val++; } }

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  • Where does the compiler store methods for C++ classes?

    - by Mashmagar
    This is more a curiosity than anything else... Suppose I have a C++ class Kitty as follows: class Kitty { void Meow() { //Do stuff } } Does the compiler place the code for Meow() in every instance of Kitty? Obviously repeating the same code everywhere requires more memory. But on the other hand, branching to a relative location in nearby memory requires fewer assembly instructions than branching to an absolute location in memory on modern processors, so this is potentially faster. I suppose this is an implementation detail, so different compilers may perform differently. Keep in mind, I'm not considering static or virtual methods here.

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  • Can I access elements/methods named "button1" "button2" "button3" etc. using "buttoni" inside a for-

    - by cksubs
    I have a bunch of buttons named: button1 button2 button3 etc. Is there a way to basically do this? pseudocode for(int i = 1, i < 15, i++) { button{i}.selected = YES; } This also goes for method calls, etc. I've often thought such a way of calling methods would be very convenient, but I don't think I've ever seen it done when using compiled languages. But I have done it using PHP. Is there any way to do this in Objective-C? (That's where my problem is now, but I'd also be interested in if you can do this in other languages.) Alternately, is there a reason why this is NOT a good way to go about accessing all the UI elements? Thanks!

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  • Methods in the namespace System.Security.Cryptography take 2 minutes to perform when service is hosted in IIS

    - by Asaf Saf
    I built an ASP.NET web-service that uses the System.Security.Cryptography namespace when it handles its requests. When I hosted the service in ASP.NET Development Server, everything worked fine. Then I moved the service into IIS, still using localhost addresses, and surprisingly, each time the service calls a method from the specified namespace, it takes 2 minutes to complete! If a single request requires the service to call 3 methods of the specified namespace, then the request takes total of 6 minutes to complete! The traces show that the request has been received on time, and they show an interval of around 2 minutes upon each call to the specified namespace. Did anyone see this strange behavior elsewhere? Any speculation would be appreciated!

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  • What Android tools and methods work best to find memory/resource leaks?

    - by jottos
    I've got an Android app developed, and I'm at the point of a phone app development where everything seems to be working well and you want to declare victory and ship, but you know there just have to be some memory and resource leaks in there; and there's only 16mb of heap on the Android and its apparently surprisingly easy to leak in an Android app. I've been looking around and so far have only been able to dig up info on 'hprof' and 'traceview' and neither gets a lot of favorable reviews. What tools or methods have you come across or developed and care to share maybe in an OS project?

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  • Solution for using `this` keyword in ajax calls within methods?

    - by dqhendricks
    I am creating a JavaScript class. Some of the methods contain AJAX calls using JQuery. The problem I am comming accross is that I cannot use the this keyword within the AJAX callbacks due to a change in scope. I have come up with a hackey solution, but I am wondering what is the best practice way around this? Here is an example: var someClass = function() { var someElement = $('form'); this.close = function() { someElement.remove(); }; this.query = function() { $.ajax({ url: someurl, success: function() { this.close(); // does not work because `this` is no longer the parent class } }); }; };

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  • Rails - How do you dynamically call the request methods "get put destroy etc" at runtime in tests

    - by adam
    I'm always writing tests to check my controller restricts people from certain actions depending on their status i.e. logged in, admin? etc Regardless of whether its a get to :index or a puts to :create the code is always the same. I'm trying to refactor this so that i have one method such as should_redirect_unauthenticated_to_login_action(request, action) and call it like so should_redirect_unauthenticated_to_login_action(:get, :index) = get :index But not sure how to dynamically call the various response methods rails provides for functional tests which seem to live in the module ActionController I mucked around with module = Kernel.const_get("ActionController") module::TestProcess.get NoMethodError: undefined method `get' for ActionController::TestProcess:Module can anyone help (im very new to dynamic calling in ruby)

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  • How do I obtain an HtmlHelper<TModel> instance for a model in ASP.NET MVC?

    - by DanM
    Let's say I have an Index view. The model I pass in is actually a collection of models, so the Html property is of type HtmlHelper<List<MyModel>>. If I want to call extension methods (e.g., Display() or DisplayFor() on the individual items in the list, however, I think I need to obtain an HtmlHelper<MyModel>. But how? I tried using the HtmlHelper<TModel> constructor, which looks like this: HtmlHelper<TModel>(ViewContext, IViewDataContainer) But I'm not having any luck with that. I don't know how to obtain the IViewDataContainer for the item, and the documentation on these things is very sparse. A lot of magic apparently happens when I do... return View(List<MyModel>); ...in my controller. How do I recreate that magic on individual items in a list/collection?

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  • How to make web service methods return string value in lines format?

    - by Born To Learn
    How to make web service methods return string value in lines format? My web service method looks like this [WebMethod] public string GetSomeLines() { System.Text.StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); builder.AppendLine("Line1."); builder.AppendLine("Line2."); builder.AppendLine("Line3."); return builder.ToString(); } But when I get the result from web browser or from delphi/c# consumer it will be like this: Line1. Line2. Line3. While I expect to see: Line1. Line2. Line3. I know may be returning a StringBuilder or String Array is an option here but I want to know if there is a way to make this with string result. Thanks for your help.

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  • In C# or .NET, is there a way to prevent other threads from invoking methods on a particular thread?

    - by YWE
    I have a Windows Forms application with a BackgroundWorker. In a method on the main form, a MessageBox is shown and the user must click the OK button to continue. Meanwhile, while the messagebox is being displayed, the BackgroundWorker finishes executing and calls the RunWorkerCompleted event. In the method I have assigned to that event, which runs on the UI thread, the Close method is called on the form. Even though the method that shows the message box is still running, the UI thread is not blocking other threads from invoking methods on it. So the Close method gets called on the form. What I want is for the UI thread to block other threads' invokes until the method with the message box has finished. Is there an easy way to do that?

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  • how to call functions/methods within CMS block or page?

    - by latvian
    Hi, We are trying to make all our blocks and pages static so that designer or anyone else can easily change the content or design of the website, however. There is a feature that uses our own custom module. So, the template that we want to make static is calling methods out of our custom block, for example, <!--some html code--> ..... <?php $this->helpMeBePartOfCMS(); ?> ..... <!--some html code--> How do i incorporate these method calls inside cms block or page? Thank you

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  • [VB.NET] Same name methods in different modules cause ambiguity.

    - by smwikipedia
    I have 2 modules. Each contains a Sub with the same name. See below: Module moduleA Public Sub f(ByVal arg1 As myType) Console.WriteLine("module A") End Sub End Module Module moduleB Public Sub f(ByVal arg1 As myType, ByVal arg2 As Boolean) Console.WriteLine("module B") End Sub End Module But the compiler complains that there's ambiguity between moduleA and moduleB. How could this be? I have totally different signatures. However, if I put the 2 methods into the same module, there's no ambiguity at all. Could someone tell me why? Many thanks.

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  • Best method for creating absolute path in PHP? (See 3 methods listed inside)

    - by mark
    I can create paths with no problem, but I want to know which of these 3 methods is the most rock solid and reliable and will work on the most servers. Right now I am using method 1 in my script and some users are having path issues. I just want the method that will work on any version of php and almost any server config. 1. <?php echo $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']; ?> 2. <?php echo getcwd(); ?> 3. <?php echo dirname(__FILE__); ?> Thank you so much for any expertise you can provide about this!

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  • Can I link proxy users from a single LDS instance to multiple domains?

    - by ixe013
    I have an Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services set up. I have objects that represent users in the Active Directory (Domain_A). I have set their objectSID attribute, and users can authenticate to LDS with their Active Directory password. I love it. I want to bring in new users, from a different Active Directory (Domain_B) that has not trust relationship whatsoever with the Active Directory from Domain_A. Is there a way to tell LDS in which domain to look for users or does it always look in the domain it is in, maybe by using another protocol than Kerberos ? +I figured out user provisionning, no need to mention it. Thanks !

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  • How to automate an Amazon EC2 instance startup, execution of some commands and shutdown?

    - by Howiecamp
    I need to download 100 GB of files (it’s in about 150 files) within a 7 day period before they expire. The download is rate-limited by the host so it takes MUCH longer than the theoretical transfer rate based on normal Internet speeds. I have a script of curl http://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html commands - one line per file. I had the idea of automatically spinning up n EC2 instances, executing the command and FTPing the files to a central location, then shutting down the machines. How would I do this? I don't care whether it's Linux or Windows.

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  • Retrieving an RSA key from a running instance of Apache?

    - by Nathan Osman
    I created an RSA keypair for an SSL certificate and stored the private key in /etc/ssl/private/server.key. Unfortunately this was the only copy of the private key that I had. Then I accidentally overwrote the file on disk (yes, I know). Apache is still running and still serving SSL requests, leading me to believe that there may be hope in recovering the private key. (Perhaps there is a symbolic link somewhere in /proc or something?) This server is running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

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