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• Dovecot Virtual Users and Users Domain Mapping

  - by Stojko

  I have successfully compiled, configured and ran Dovecot with virtual users feature. Here's part of my /etc/dovecot.conf configuration file: mail_location = maildir:/home/%d/%n/Maildir auth default { mechanisms = plain login userdb passwd-file { args = /home/%d/etc/passwd } passdb passwd-file { args = /home/%d/etc/shadow } socket listen { master { path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-worker mode = 0600 } } } I faced one issue I can't resolve myself. Is there anyway to create users' domains mapping and provide username in mail_location? Examples: 1. currently I have /home/domain.com/user/Maildir 2. I'd like to have /home/USER/domain.com/user/Maildir Can I achieve this somehow? Greets, Stojko

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• Oracle Developer Day, Poland, 2012

  - by Geertjan

  Oracle Developer Day took place in Poland today. Oracle's Gregor Rayman did the keynote, where NetBeans was positioned, yet again, as Oracle's IDE for the Java Platform, via the JavaFX Roadmap: Well, it's not so clear from my pic above, but NetBeans is closely tied to the JavaFX Roadmap, as well as the JDK Roadmap too. Then the tracks started, one of which was the Java Track (the other two tracks were on ADF/WebLogic and SOA/BPM/BAM), where among other things I demonstrated the Java EE 6 Platform via tools in NetBeans IDE at some length. The room could hardly have been fuller, chairs had to be brought in and people were standing along the walls. The above pic shows the session being set up, with the room full of developers ready to hear about Java EE 6. I also did a session on pluggable Java desktop development (i.e., NetBeans Platform) and on "What's New in NetBeans IDE 7.1?", while Martin Grebac had a session on Java EE Web Services. Some of the many questions asked during the day that I thought were interesting: Is there localization support for the @Pattern annotation? I.e., what if I want to display the error message in Polish, what do I do? Is there filtering/sorting support for the DataTable component in JSF? Why is there no visual editor for ejb-jar.xml, in the same way that there is for web.xml? "Would be handy if there were to be a JSR for IDE Keyboard Shortcuts." (Two different people asked this question, separately, without knowing about each other. The second didn't know about the Eclipse and IntelliJ keyboard shortcut support in NetBeans IDE and was happy when I told them about it.) Wouldn't it be cool if, on start up, or during installation, there'd be a question: "Are you migrating from Eclipse/IntelliJ?" Then, if "yes", reset the keyboard shortcuts to match the IDE they're coming from.Is there a way in NetBeans to find subclasses of a class? "Would be cool if HTML or JSF files could be visualized in the same way as JavaFX and Swing classes." I.e., Visual Debugger for web developers. I had a great day and am looking at the Oracle Developer Day that will be held in Cluj, Romania, on Friday.

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• Apache denying requests with VirtualHosts

  - by Ross

  This is the error I get in my log: Permission denied: /home/ross/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable My VirtualHost is pretty simple: <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1> ServerName jotter.localhost DocumentRoot /home/ross/www/jotter/public DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <Directory /home/ross/www/jotter/public> AllowOverride all Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> CustomLog /home/ross/www/jotter/logs/access.log combined ErrorLog /home/ross/www/jotter/logs/error.log LogLevel warn </VirtualHost> Any ideas why this is happening? I can't see why Apache is looking for a .htaccess there and don't know why this should stop the request. Thanks.

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• Using Apache FOP from .NET level

  - by Lukasz Kurylo

  In one of my previous posts I was talking about FO.NET which I was using to generate a pdf documents from XSL-FO. FO.NET is one of the .NET ports of Apache FOP. Unfortunatelly it is no longer maintained. I known it when I decidec to use it, because there is a lack of available (free) choices for .NET to render a pdf form XSL-FO. I hoped in this implementation I will find all I need to create a pdf file with my really simple requirements. FO.NET is a port from some old version of Apache FOP and I found really quickly that there is a lack of some features that I needed, like dotted borders, double borders or support for margins. So I started to looking for some alternatives. I didn’t try the NFOP, another port of Apache FOP, because I found something I think much more better, the IKVM.NET project.   IKVM.NET it is not a pdf renderer. So what it is? From the project site:   IKVM.NET is an implementation of Java for Mono and the Microsoft .NET Framework. It includes the following components: a Java Virtual Machine implemented in .NET a .NET implementation of the Java class libraries tools that enable Java and .NET interoperability   In the simplest form IKVM.NET allows to use a Java code library in the C# code and vice versa.   I tried to use an Apache FOP, the best I think open source pdf –> XSL-FO renderer written in Java from my project written in C# using an IKVM.NET and it work like a charm. In the rest of the post I want to show, how to prepare a .NET *.dll class library from Apache FOP *.jar’s with IKVM.NET and generate a simple Hello world pdf document.   To start playing with IKVM.NET and Apache FOP we need to download their packages: IKVM.NET Apache FOP and then unpack them.   From the FOP directory copy all the *.jar’s files from lib and build catalogs to some location, e.g. d:\fop. Second step is to build the *.dll library from these files. On the console execute the following comand:   ikvmc –target:library –out:d:\fop\fop.dll –recurse:d:\fop   The ikvmc is located in the bin subdirectory where you unpacked the IKVM.NET. You must execute this command from this catalog, add this path to the global variable PATH or specify the full path to the bin subdirectory.   In no error occurred during this process, the fop.dll library should be created. Right now we can create a simple project to test if we can create a pdf file.   So let’s create a simple console project application and add reference to the fop.dll and the IKVM dll’s: IKVM.OpenJDK.Core and IKVM.OpenJDK.XML.API.   Full code to generate a pdf file from XSL-FO template:   static void Main(string[] args)         {             //initialize the Apache FOP             FopFactory fopFactory = FopFactory.newInstance();               //in this stream we will get the generated pdf file             OutputStream o = new DotNetOutputMemoryStream();             try             {                 Fop fop = fopFactory.newFop("application/pdf", o);                 TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();                 Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer();                   //read the template from disc                 Source src = new StreamSource(new File("HelloWorld.fo"));                 Result res = new SAXResult(fop.getDefaultHandler());                 transformer.transform(src, res);             }             finally             {                 o.close();             }             using (System.IO.FileStream fs = System.IO.File.Create("HelloWorld.pdf"))             {                 //write from the .NET MemoryStream stream to disc the generated pdf file                 var data = ((DotNetOutputMemoryStream)o).Stream.GetBuffer();                 fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);             }             Process.Start("HelloWorld.pdf");             System.Console.ReadLine();         }   Apache FOP be default using a Java’s Xalan to work with XML files. I didn’t find a way to replace this piece of code with equivalent from .NET standard library. If any error or warning will occure during generating the pdf file, on the console will ge shown, that’s why I inserted the last line in the sample above. The DotNetOutputMemoryStream this is my wrapper for the Java OutputStream. I have created it to have the possibility to exchange data between the .NET <-> Java objects. It’s implementation:   class DotNetOutputMemoryStream : OutputStream     {         private System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();         public System.IO.MemoryStream Stream         {             get             {                 return ms;             }         }         public override void write(int i)         {             ms.WriteByte((byte)i);         }         public override void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)         {             ms.Write(b, off, len);         }         public override void write(byte[] b)         {             ms.Write(b, 0, b.Length);         }         public override void close()         {             ms.Close();         }         public override void flush()         {             ms.Flush();         }     } The last thing we need, this is the HelloWorld.fo template.   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">   <fo:layout-master-set>     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple"                   page-height="29.7cm"                   page-width="21cm"                   margin-top="1.8cm"                   margin-bottom="0.8cm"                   margin-left="1.6cm"                   margin-right="1.2cm">       <fo:region-body margin-top="3cm"/>       <fo:region-before extent="3cm"/>       <fo:region-after extent="1.5cm"/>     </fo:simple-page-master>   </fo:layout-master-set>   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="simple">     <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">       <fo:block font-size="18pt" color="black" text-align="center">         Hello, World!       </fo:block>     </fo:flow>   </fo:page-sequence> </fo:root>   I’m not going to explain how how this template is created, because this will be covered in the near future posts.   Generated pdf file should look that:

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• Lubuntu Desktop messed up for logged in user, but not for guest

  - by RPi Awesomeness

  I recently upgraded my laptop from Lubuntu 12.04 to 14.04.1 and the upgrade process seemed to go fine. However, when I went to login as my normal user, I encountered an issue. The background loaded up, but none of LXDE or LXPanel showed up, leaving me with an empty desktop and nothing else except two errors. I thought that this was weird, so I just figured something had been messed up and would be fixed by a reboot. But it wasn't. I then tried logging in as guest, and it's just fine. I checked the ~/.xsession-errors file (for my main user, not guest, did it via TTY1) and this is what I got: Script for ibus started at run_im. Script for auto started at run_im. Script for default started at run_im. init: Unable to register as subreaper: Invalid argument init: lxsession main process (1649) killed by TERM signal init: Disconnected from notified D-Bus bus init: job dbus failed to stop init: job upstart-dbus-session-bridge failed to stop init: job upstart-dbus-system-bridge failed to stop init: job upstart-file-bridge failed to stop I also read the sometimes removing the ~/.Xauthority file can help, if the ownership is messed up. ls -l /home/MYUSER/.Xauthority tells me -rw------- 1 MYUSER MYUSER 60 Aug 16 09:57 /home/MYUSER/.Xauthority. Should that be root or something else, or should I try deleting that and ~/.profile. Here's what ~/.profile looks like: # ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells. # This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login # exists. # see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples. # the files are located in the bash-doc package. # the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask # for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package. #umask 022 # if running bash if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then # include .bashrc if it exists if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then . "$HOME/.bashrc" fi fi # set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH" fi Should I post the output of dmesg? I'll try and get a screenshot, but does anyone have any idea what could be causing the desktop (LXDE/LXPanel) not to display? EDIT I attempted removing the ~/.XAuthority file, but that didn't seem to do anything.

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• How to play Minecraft Classic?

  - by djeikyb

  First off, I've read through this question: How to install minecraft?. I'm interested in the free web-embedded version (for demo purposes), not the paid and downloaded .jar file. I removed the open-java whatever that Ubuntu prefers to use. I installed sun-java6-jre. Then I ran sudo update-alternatives --config java to ensure I was using Sun's Java. Restarted my browsers, then tried to start the game from: http://www.minecraft.net/play.jsp It pops a prompt to make sure I really want to allow direct interaction between minecraft.net and my computer, I agree. The in browser display mumbles something about loading a library, then darkness. The page doesn't crash, ps shows the java plugin process, all seems well except the game doesn't load. I see the same behaviour on Chromium 11.0.662.0 (73963) as Firefox 4 RC1.

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• SSH onto Ubuntu box using RSA keys

  - by jex

  I recently installed OpenSSH on one of my Ubuntu machines and I've been running into problems getting it to use RSA keys. I've generated the RSA key on the client (ssh-keygen), and appended the public key generated to both the /home/jex/.ssh/authorized_keys and /etc/ssh/authorized_keys files on the server. However, when I try to login (ssh -o PreferredAuthorizations=publickey jex@host -v [which forces the use of public key for login]) I get the following output: debug1: Host 'pentheon.local' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/jex/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received Banner message debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/jex/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /home/jex/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/jex/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive). I'm not entirely sure where I've gone wrong. I am willing to post my /etc/ssh/sshd_config if needed.

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• Welcome to the ISV Migration Center (IMC) Team blog

  - by lukasz.romaszewski(at)oracle.com

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Welcome to the ISV Migration Center (IMC) Team blog.The IMC is a a team of senior Oracle technical consultants who's aim is to enable partners to rapidly and successfully adopt and implement Oracle's latest technology.  The IMC consultants are trained and equipped to deliver leading-edge, enterprise-quality technology solutions. This blog has been created to serve as an  information exchange platform on Oracle Fusion Middleware and Database products so you will find how-tos, articles, demos and other technical resources.  We will also publish our upcoming workshops, webcasts and seminars so make sure you check it regularly to get the latest updates.   Here's our team:Lukasz Romaszewski Java & middleware specialist, 8 years experience in architecting, developing and supporting enterprise solutions based on J2EE and Oracle Database technology. At Oracle from April 2008, working as an IMC Migration Consultant in Oracle Partner Hub in Cracow, Poland. Helping Oracle Partners in migrating their solutions to the latest Oracle Fusion Middleware stack, running hands-on migration workshops and seminars across Europe. Experienced in the following areas and products Oracle Weblogic Application Server 11gApplication Development Framework (ADF)Oracle SOA Suite 11gOracle Forms 6i, 10g and 11gOracle Database (PL/SQL, AQ, XML DB)Java EE 5.0 based architecture Murat Teksoz Oracle DB and DB options - Oracle Linux- Apex- Oracle Business intelligence specilist, 13 years experince in Database managment, Performans Tuning, Diagnosting ,Installation and Configurationg database, Database Security, High Avalibility and Disaster Recovery solutions. Working at Oracle IMC Istanbul from September 2008, delivering partner workshops and seminars in Europe and Central Asia. Experienced in the following areas and products Oracle 9i,10g,11g Database SolutionsOracle Partitioning, Total Recall Advantage compressingOracle High Avalability Solutions - Real Application ClusterOracle Disaster Recovery Solutions - Oracle DataguardOracle Grid ControlOracle LinuxOracle Business intelligence solutions - Oracle Bi 10g-11gMigration Tools (Sqldeveloper) - Migrate from SqlServer,Mysql,Sysbase,Db2 to Oracle DatabaseOracle APEX (Application Express Tool) Vadim Melnikov Oracle Database specialist with DB Options, Linux and virtualization skills. Vadim has more than 8 years experience with Oracle products and is now working as Database consultant in Oracle IMC Moscow as employee of FORS Development center, Russian Oracle Platinum partner. Helping Oracle Partners to migrate solutions to Oracle from other platforms and adopt new oracle technologies, running workshops and seminars. Experienced in the following areas and products Oracle Database 9i,10g,11g Database Solutions (SQL, PL/SQL, Installing, Configuring, Performance Tuning, Diagnosting, Database management)Oracle DB options (Partitioning, Total Recall, Advanced compression)Oracle Enterprise ManagerOracle Enterprise LinuxOracle VM 2 for x86Migration to Oracle DatabaseOracle Application Express Gokhan Gungor Java (J2EE) Lead Developer and Architect. Designed and Developed Web Applications, Middleware Systems/Services, Desktop Applications and Back-end Tools/Services using Java, WebLogic Server, JBoss and Open Source Frameworks. Joined Oracle in 2010 as Fussion middleware consultant in Istanbul IMC , responsible for running migration and adoption workshops and seminars covering Java technology, ADF, WebLogic and SOA and providing technical consultancy for migration projects. Experienced in the following areas and products Oracle WebLogic ServerApplication Development Framework (ADF)JDeveloperJava EE (EJB, JMS, Servlet, JSP, JSF, JavaMail, JTA, JAAS, JSTL, JAXB)Java SE (JavaBeans, JDBC, XML, XSL, RMI, JNDI, JAXP)Oracle Database 10g,11g Dmitry Nefedkin Oracle Middleware & Java specialist, 7+ years experience in developing, designing enterprise solutions based on Oracle Database and Middleware, developing Oracle e-Business Suite customizations, designing integration architecture within the companies . Joined Oracle team in October 2010 as IMC FMW Consultant in Oracle Alliances & Channels in Moscow, Russia. Experienced in the following areas and products Oracle Weblogic Application Server 11gOracle Service Bus 11gOracle SOA Suite 10g (BPEL PM, ESB, OWSM)Oracle Application Server 10gOracle Forms 6i and 9iOracle BI PublisherOracle ADF 10gOracle Database (SQL tuning, PL/SQL, AQ, Streams)Java EE 5 developmentCheck out our web site as well: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} http://www.oracle.com/partners/en/most-popular-resources/027930

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• SSH as root using public key still prompts for password on RHEL 6.1

  - by Dean Schulze

  I've generated rsa keys with cygwin ssh-keygen and copied them to the server with ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub [email protected] I've got the following settings in my /etc/ssh/sshd_config file RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys PermitRootLogin yes When I ssh [email protected] it still prompts for a password. The output below from /usr/sbin/sshd -d says that a matching keys was found in the .ssh/authorized_keys file, but it still requires a password from the client. I've read a bunch of web postings about permissions on files and directories, but nothing works. Is it possible to ssh with keys in RHEL 6.1 or is this forbidden? The debug output from ssh and sshd is below. $ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_6.1p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012 debug1: Connecting to my.ip.address [my.ip.address] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH_5* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA 9f:00:e0:1e:a2:cd:05:53:c8:21:d5:69:25:80:39:92 debug1: Host 'my.ip.address' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/dschulze/.ssh/known_hosts:3 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Offering DSA public key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/dschulze/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Next authentication method: password Here is the server output from /usr/sbin/sshd -d [root@ga2-lab .ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd -d debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.3p1 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 5 out 5 newsock 5 pipe -1 sock 8 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 3 Connection from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_6.1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 74/74 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST received debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method none debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: PAM: initializing for "root" debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method publickey debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "172.60.254.24" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: trying public key file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys debug1: fd 4 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: matching key found: file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1 Found matching RSA key: db:b3:b9:b1:c9:df:6d:e1:03:5b:57:d3:d9:c4:4e:5c debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Postponed publickey for root from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 ssh2 debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method publickey debug1: attempt 2 failures 0 debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: trying public key file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys debug1: fd 4 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: matching key found: file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1 Found matching RSA key: db:b3:b9:b1:c9:df:6d:e1:03:5b:57:d3:d9:c4:4e:5c debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted publickey for root from 172.60.254.24 port 53401 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: root has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: ssh_gssapi_storecreds: Not a GSSAPI mechanism debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 debug1: SELinux support enabled debug1: PAM: establishing credentials PAM: pam_open_session(): Authentication failure debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 ssh_selinux_setup_pty: security_compute_relabel: Invalid argument debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 17323 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 17323 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_close_by_channel: channel 0 child 0 debug1: session_close: session 0 pid 0 debug1: channel 0: free: server-session, nchannels 1 Received disconnect from 172.60.254.24: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: deleting credentials

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• BTrFS subvolume / snapshot question

  - by bumbling fool

  I think I'm having difficulty fully understanding subvolumes and snapshots. The /home partition is btrfs. I want to create a "backup" snapshot of /home/user (for example) but user has existed for years (previously ext4 btrfs-convert). I believe you can only make a snapshot of a subvolume. I checked and there are no "default" subvolumes already present. 1) Is there another way for me to backup /home/user other than creating a subvolume /home/user2 and copying everything from user to user2 in order to snapshot it?

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• L2TP server - site-to-site vpn connection

  - by Pyro

  I am not sure this is the right place for this question but here goes. We want to connect users using an L2TP VPN connection to a users at the other end of a SonicWall site-to-site VPN. Currently we have a SonicWall firewall/router contraption in the home-office that is connected to a far-office over a VPN. Communications with machines in the home-office and far-office is fine. We also have an L2TP server running on the SonicWall that outside users can connect to. This gives them access to machines in the home-office. Communication between outside users and the home-office is fine. However outside users connected to the home-office via the L2TP server can't communicate with machines in the far-office. Will there need to be network bridging or routing needed? Or will this simply be a firewall setting to get this working? Thanks for any help or clues you provide! Rob

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• Nest reinvents smoke detectors. Introduces smart and talking smoke detector that keeps quite when you wave

  - by Gopinath

  Nest, the leading smart thermostat maker has introduced a smart home device today- Nest Protect, a smart, talking smoke & carbon monoxide detector that can quite when you wave your hand. Less annoyances and more intelligence Smoke detectors are around for hundreds of years and playing a major role in providing safety from fire accidents at home. But the technology of these devices is stale and there is no major innovation for the past several years. With the introduction of Nest Protect, the landscape of smoke detectors is all set to change just like how Nest thermostat redefined the industry two years ago. Nest Protect is internet enabled and equipped with motion- and smoke-detection sensors so that when it starts beeping you can silence it by waving hand instead of doing circus feats to turn off the alarm. Everyone who cooks in a home equipped with smoke detector would know how annoying it is to turn off sensitive smoke detectors that goes off control quite often. Apart from addressing the annoyances of regular smoke detector, Nest Protect has talking capabilities. It can alert users with clear & actionable instructions when it detects a danger. Instead of harsh beeps it actually speak to you so you know what is happening. It will tell you what smoke it has detected and in which room it is detected. Multiple Nest Protects installed in a home can communicate with each other. Lets say that there is a smoke in bed room, the Nest Protect installed in bed room shares this information to all Nest Protects installed in the home and your kitchen device can alert you that there is a smoke in bed room. There is an App for that The internet enabled Nest Protect has an app to view its status and various alerts. When the Protect is running on low battery it alerts you to replace them soon. If there is a smoke at home and you are away, you will get message alerts. The app works on all major smartphones as well as tablets. Auto shuts down gas furnaces/heaters on smoke Apart from forming a network with other Nest Protect devices installed at home, they can also communicate with Nest Thermostat if it is installed. When carbon monoxide is detected it can shut off your gas furnace automatically. Also with the help of motion detectors it improves Nest Thermostat’s auto-away functionality. It looks elegant and costs a lot more than a regular smoke detector Just like Nest Thermostat, Nest Protect is elegant and adorable. You just fall in love with it the moment you see it. It’s another master piece from the designer of Apple’s iPod. All is good with the Nest Protect, except the price!! It costs whooping $129, which is almost 4 times more expensive than the best selling conventional thermostats available at $30. A single bed room apartment would require at least 3 detectors and it costs around $390 to install Nest Protects compared to 90$ required for conventional smoke detectors. Though Nest Thermostat is an expensive one compared to conventional thermostats, it offered great savings through its intelligent auto-away feature. Users were able to able to see returns on their investments. If Nest Protect also can provide good return on investment the it will be very successful.

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• links for 2011-02-01

  - by Bob Rhubart

  OTN Virtual Developer Day for WebLogic Server and WebLogic Developer Broadcasts (WebLogic Server) Mike Lehmann with details on a whole bunch of upcoming online events for those with an interest in WebLogic. (tags: WebLogic oracle otn) IOUC Summit: Open Arms and Cheese Shoes (Oracle Technology Network Blog (aka TechBlog)) Event highlights from OTN head honcho Justin Kestelyn. (tags: oracle otn IOUC) Prognostications for the Future of BI (BI & Analytics Pulse) Jacqueline Coolidge looks into the Business Intelligence crystal ball. (tags: oracle otn businessintelligence) Edwin Biemond: Some handy code for your managed Beans ( ADF & JSF ) "Back in 2009, I already a made a blogpost about some handy code which you can use in your ADF Web Application. You can say this blogspot is part 2 and here I will show you the code, I use most in my own managed Beans." - Oracle ACE Edwin Biemond (tags: java SOA oracle oracleace) Leon Smiers: Process, content and collaboration "Taking a look at today’s business, most companies still have a lot [to do] as far as adapting to and leveraging Web 2.0 possibilities is concerned." - Leon Smiers (tags: e20 oracle enterprise2.0) Antony Reynolds: Using the SOA-BPM VIrtualBox Appliance Antony says: "Recently I have been setting up some machines for fellow engineers. My base setup consists of Oracle Enterprise Linux with Oracle Virtual Box." (tags: oracle otn soa virtualization virtualbox bpm) Oracle Weblogic Server Gets Smart with CERN | SiliconANGLE CERN, the home to European particle physics, chose Oracle Weblogic Server to handle technical applications and copious HR and administrative Java-based web applications used by CERN employees. Oracle got its start by scheduling the interventions of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). (tags: Weblogic oracle CERN) Oracle Virtual Developers Day: WebLogic - February 10, 2011 Virtual Developer Day: WebLogic - February 10, 2011. Speakers: Frances Zhao - Principal Prod Mngr, Java Platform Group; Will Lyons - Dir, WebLogic Server Prod Mgmt; Steven Button - Principal Prod Mngr, WebLogic Server; Pyounguk Cho - Principal Prod Mngr, Java Platform Group. (tags: oracle otn weblogic java)

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• New JavaMagazine issue (March/April) is here

  - by alexismp

  The latest edition of the JavaMagazine, Oracle's bi-monthly publication, is out with the now traditional set of wide-ranging Java topics including some Java EE/GlassFish articles. You'll learn that there's a new book on Java EE 6 - Cookbook for securing, tuning, and extending enterprise applications, have the opportunity to read Adam Bien's latest piece - Who needs AOP? as well as Julien Ponge's part 2 of Clustering and HA Made Simple with GlassFish. The JavaMagazine is a free publication. Subscriptions here.

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• How do I Set PATH in /etc/profile.d?

  - by Rodrigo Sasaki

  I'm using zsh as my shell, and I'm trying to configure my environment. I usually define my $JAVA_HOME variable by creating a file: /etc/profile.d/java.sh with the following content export JAVA_HOME=/path/to/jdk export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH then I logout and back in, and it all works, but for some reason the PATH variable is not set. It recognizes JAVA_HOME, but not the new PATH, see this terminal snippet: ~ echo $JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_05 ~ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games and I confirmed it by trying to run a command form the jvm ~ java -version zsh: command not found: java the PATH doesn't include the $JAVA_HOME as it should. is there something else I should check? EDIT I have checked that if I run source /etc/profile.d/java.sh it all runs correctly and my variables get set as they should, but shouldn't the scripts in /etc/profile.d run automatically?

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• How to set up a VirtualHost on Amazon EC2 for phpmyadmin

  - by Oudin

  Hi I'm currently working on setting up a VirtualHost on Amazon EC2 for accessing phpmyadmin so i can access it with test.example.com as oppose to it being widely available as it's default example.com/phpmyadmin. So far I've created a file "testfile" in /etc/apache2/sites-available/ with the code below and enabled it "a2ensite testfile" However I'm not getting the vhost to work <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName test.example.com ServerAlias test.example.com #DocumentRoot /usr/share/phpmyadmin DocumentRoot /home/user/public_html/folder RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !test.example.com RewriteRule (.*) [L] <Directory /home/user/public_html/folder> Options FollowSymLinks DirectoryIndex index.php AllowOverride None <IfModule mod_php5.c> AddType application/x-httpd-php .php php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off php_flag track_vars On php_flag register_globals Off php_admin_flag allow_url_fopen Off php_value include_path . php_admin_value upload_tmp_dir /var/lib/phpmyadmin/tmp php_admin_value open_basedir /usr/share/phpmyadmin/:/etc/phpmyadmin/:/var/lib/phpmyadmin/ </IfModule> </Directory> # Authorize for setup <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup> <IfModule mod_authn_file.c> AuthType Basic AuthName "phpMyAdmin Setup" AuthUserFile /etc/phpmyadmin/htpasswd.setup </IfModule> Require valid-user </Directory> # Disallow web access to directories that don't need it <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/libraries> Order Deny,Allow Deny from All </Directory> <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup/lib> Order Deny,Allow Deny from All </Directory> ErrorLog /home/user/public_html/folder/logs/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog /home/user/public_html/folder/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost> sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /home/user/public_html/folder The above line creates a link of the phpmyadmin in the public folder. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated. Note: example.com will be replaced with my official domain

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• How do I deploy a charm from a local repository?

  - by Matt McClean

  I am trying to run the Charm tutorial from the juju documentation by creating a new charm from a local repository. I started by installing the charms from bzr to my local ubuntu 12.04 desktop running in a virtual machine. The new file structure is the following: ubuntu@ubuntu-VirtualBox:~$ find charms/precise/drupal/ charms/precise/drupal/ charms/precise/drupal/hooks charms/precise/drupal/hooks/db-relation-changed charms/precise/drupal/hooks/install charms/precise/drupal/hooks/start charms/precise/drupal/hooks/stop charms/precise/drupal/metadata.yml charms/precise/drupal/README When I install the mysql charm, which was downloaded from the remote charm repository, it works fine. However when I run the following command to deploy the new charm it fails with the following error message: ubuntu@ubuntu-VirtualBox:~$ juju deploy --repository=charms local:precise/drupal 2012-05-09 10:01:05,671 INFO Searching for charm local:precise/drupal in local charm repository: /home/ubuntu/charms 2012-05-09 10:01:05,845 WARNING Charm '.mrconfig' has an error: CharmError() Error processing '/home/ubuntu/charms/precise/.mrconfig': unable to process /home/ubuntu/charms/precise/.mrconfig into a charm Charm 'local:precise/drupal' not found in repository /home/ubuntu/charms 2012-05-09 10:01:06,217 ERROR Charm 'local:precise/drupal' not found in repository /home/ubuntu/charms Is there some file missing in the drupal charm directory that juju needs to make the charm valid? Also, I get the file processing error for the .mrconfig file also when deploying the mysql charm so is there something I need to change there perhaps?

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• Site migration and SEO impact

  - by John Smith

  I'd greatly appreciate a response on the following question relating to site migration and SEO impact. Here's some background on how my domain name and site is currently configured: My domain name provider has the following settings: host name @ is an A NAME record and points to IP address x.x.x.x host name www is an A NAME record and points to IP address x.x.x.x sub-domain host name new.example.com is an A NAME record and points to IP address x.x.x.x My hosting provider has the following settings: host record @ is an A NAME record and points to IP address x.x.x.x, folder home/public_html/old host record www is a C NAME record and points to example.com sub-domain host record new.example.com points to home/public_html/new I want to: point the domain (example.com AND www.example.com) to the content hosted under folder home/public_html/new, which is currently the content directory for new.example.com retire the content hosted under folder home/public_html/old retire the sub-domain host record new.example.com I believe the easiest method of doing this, is: removing the sub-domain host record new.example.com; and changing the following line in the .htaccess file in home/public_html from # Change 'subdirectory' to be the directory you will use for your main domain. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/old/ to # Change 'subdirectory' to be the directory you will use for your main domain. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/new/ But I don't understand how this will impact my SERP - ideally, I'd like it to remain the same. Research on this topic resulted in the following Google page, which was no help, and this related StackExchange question, which suggests that this should not affect my SERP (at least, not permanently). But I wanted to make certain with a more specific example, and hopefully contribute to the community at the same time. I'd appreciate any feedback on this. Is there a better/recommended method to migrate sites this way? Is there an SEO impact?

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• Two Sun Certification Exams To Retire August 1, 2010

  - by Paul Sorensen

  Effective August 1, 2010, Exam CX-310-400 ("Sun Certified Integrator for Identity Manager 7.1"), currently part of the "Sun Certified Integrator for Identity Manager 7.1" certification track, will be retired. We will also retire Exam CX-310-502 ("Sun Certified Java CAPS Integrator"), currently within the "Sun Certified Java CAPS Integrator" certification track. Both exams will remain available for registration and testing at Prometric Testing Centers through July 31, 2010.CREDENTIAL VALIDITYPlease note that that these credentials remain valid indefinitely for those holding the certifications. These retirements therefore have no effect on those who complete the certification requirements before August 1, 2010.QUICK LINKSRetiring Exams:Exam CX-310-400 "Sun Certified Integrator for Identity Manager 7.1"Exam CX-310-502 "Sun Certified Java CAPS Integrator" Certification Tracks:Sun Certified Integrator for Identity Manager 7.1Sun Certified Java CAPS IntegratorLearn more: Oracle Certification Retirements

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• How do I restore a backup of my keyring (containing ssh key passprases, nautilus remote filesystem passwords and wifi passwords)?

  - by con-f-use

  I changed the disk on my laptop and installed Ubuntu on the new disk. Old disk had 12.04 upgraded to 12.10 on it. Now I want to copy my old keyring with WiFi passwords, ftp passwords for nautilus and ssh key passphrases. I have the whole data from the old disk available (is now a USB disk and I did not delete the old data yet or do anything with it - I could still put it in the laptop and boot from it like nothing happend). The old methods of just copying ~/.gconf/... and ~/.gnome2/keyrings won't work. Did I miss something? 1. Edit: I figure one needs to copy files not located in the users home directory as well. I copied the whole old /home/confus (which is my home directory) to the fresh install to no effect. That whole copy is now reverted to the fresh install's home directory, so my /home/confus is as it was the after fresh install. 2. Edit: The folder /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections seems to be the place for WiFi passwords. Could be that /usr/share/keyrings is important as well for ssh keys - that's the only sensible thing that a search came up with: find /usr/ -name "*keyring* 3. Edit: Still no ssh and ftp passwords from the keyring. What I did: Convert old hard drive to usb drive Put new drive in the laptop and installed fresh version of 12.10 there Booted from old hdd via USB and copied its /etc/NetwrokManager/system-connections, ~/.gconf/ and ~/.gnome2/keyrings, ~/.ssh over to the new disk. Confirmed that all keys on the old install work Booted from new disk Result: No passphrase for ssh keys, no ftp passwords in keyring. At least the WiFi passwords are migrated.

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• ArchBeat Link-o-Rama for 2012-06-14

  - by Bob Rhubart

  Duke's Choice Award Nominations Close Friday! | The Java Source The Duke's Choice Awards celebrate extreme innovation in the world of Java technology. Nominate an individual, a group or company who show the best in Java innovation. Nominate at Java.net/dukeschoice. Nominations are open until this Friday, June 15. Whole Lotta Virtualization Goin' On | Rick Ramsey The OTN Garage's Rick Ramsey shares a list of recent Virtualization articles available on OTN, along with a link to a video by The Killer, Mr Jerry Lee Lewis. A Pragmatic Path to Navigating your Infrastructure to the Cloud | The WebLogic Server Blog Ruma Sanyal offers an overview of a recent Oracle webcast featuring Gartner VP and Distinguished Analyst Andy Butler and Vice President and Gartner Fellow Massimo Pezzini. Migrating C/C++ embedded SQL code | Tom Laszewski Cloud migration expert Tom Laszewski explains the how-to in 5 easy steps. Aetna Dumps Its Siloed Enterprise Architecture for SOA | CIO.com CIO writer Stephanie Overby tells the story of how one major health insurance provider put the "Enterprise" back in Enterprise Architecture. (H/T to Joe McKendrick for this story.) Downloading specific video renditions in WebCenter Content | Kyle Hatlestad How-to from Oracle WebCenter & ADF A-Team blogger Kyle Hatlestad. Eclipse DemoCamp - June 2012 - Redwood Shores, CA Location: Oracle HQ - 10 Twin Dolphin Drive, Redwood Shores, CA (Map) Date and Time: Wednesday, June 13, 2012. From 6pm - 9pm Agenda: The evolution of Java persistence, Doug Clarke, EclipseLink Project Lead, Oracle Integrating BIRT into Applications, Ashwini Verma, Actuate Corporation Leveraging OSGi In The Enterprise, Kamal Muralidharan, Lead Engineer, eBay Developing Rich ADF Applications with Java EE, Greg Stachnick, Oracle NVIDIA® NsightTM Eclipse Edition, Goodwin (Tech lead - Visual tools), Eugene Ostroukhov (Senior engineer – Visual tools) 2012 Oracle Fusion Middleware Innovation Awards - Win a FREE Pass to Oracle OpenWorld 2012 in San Francisco Share your use of Oracle Fusion Middleware solutions and how they help your organization drive business innovation. You just might win a free pass to Oracle Openworld 2012 in San Francisco. Deadline for submissions in July 17, 2012. BI Architecture Master Class for Partners – Oracle Architecture Unplugged Date: June 21, 2012 No slides, no fluff. This workshop will be highly interactive and is aimed at Oracle OPN member partners who are IT Architects and BI+W specialists. The focus will be on architectural issues and considerations. DevOps: Evolving to Handle Disruption | JP Morgenthal The subject of DevOps came up this week during an OTN ArchBeat podcast interview with Ron Batra and James Baty on the role of the cloud architect (that program will be available in a few weeks). Morgenthal's article for InfoQ offers a good overview of what DevOps is and how it works. Thought for the Day "Elegance is not a dispensable luxury but a factor that decides between success and failure." — Edsger Dijkstra Source: softwarequotes.com

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• Isn't GPL enough to make a software free as in free speech?

  - by user61852

  I have read people rebutting the fact that a certain software is free as in free speech, even when it is licensed under GPL. Some say Java isn't free because to obtain a professional certification you must get it from Oracle. Some say Java JDK is not free to re-distribute. Some people even say the openJDK is not free or open. But Java is officially GPL. Doesn't GPL explicitly mean you are free to re-distribute ? Isn't GPL enough to make a software free as in free speech ? How can Java be both GPL and not-free as in free speech ? Is there is any license that trully makes a software free beyond any possible subjetive point of view? EDIT: These question is not about names or trademarks, it's about the code.

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• NightHacking Tour Continues - Don't Miss It!

  - by Tori Wieldt

  Java Evangelist Steven Chin (@steveonjava) has been motorcycling across Europe, dropping in on developers and Java User Groups to do some hacking. The visits he has already made are up on the Youtube/Java channel (including James Gosling, Ben Evans, Stephen Colebourne and Trisha Gee).  Steve will be at J-Fall in the Netherlands all day Wednesday, Oct 31. You can watch streaming live and join in on the conversation. (You mean you missed the discussion about long variable names?) Watch for #nighthacking on Twitter. Some upcoming stops on the tour include: Adam Bien (Java Champion and Author) - Friday Nov 2 at 11AM CEST (2AM PST) Andres Almiray (Griffon Founder and Author) - Sunday Nov 4 at 8PM CEST (11AM PST) In total, there will be over 20 different interviews, several JUG visits, and special coverage of J-Fall and Devoxx conferences.You can view the full schedule and watch streaming video at nighthacking.com.

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• Parallel Classloading Revisited: Fully Concurrent Loading

  - by davidholmes

  Java 7 introduced support for parallel classloading. A description of that project and its goals can be found here: http://openjdk.java.net/groups/core-libs/ClassLoaderProposal.html The solution for parallel classloading was to add to each class loader a ConcurrentHashMap, referenced through a new field, parallelLockMap. This contains a mapping from class names to Objects to use as a classloading lock for that class name. This was then used in the following way: protected Class loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) { // First, check if the class has already been loaded Class c = findLoadedClass(name); if (c == null) { long t0 = System.nanoTime(); try { if (parent != null) { c = parent.loadClass(name, false); } else { c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found // from the non-null parent class loader } if (c == null) { // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order // to find the class. long t1 = System.nanoTime(); c = findClass(name); // this is the defining class loader; record the stats sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment(); } } if (resolve) { resolveClass(c); } return c; } } Where getClassLoadingLock simply does: protected Object getClassLoadingLock(String className) { Object lock = this; if (parallelLockMap != null) { Object newLock = new Object(); lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock); if (lock == null) { lock = newLock; } } return lock; } This approach is very inefficient in terms of the space used per map and the number of maps. First, there is a map per-classloader. As per the code above under normal delegation the current classloader creates and acquires a lock for the given class, checks if it is already loaded, then asks its parent to load it; the parent in turn creates another lock in its own map, checks if the class is already loaded and then delegates to its parent and so on till the boot loader is invoked for which there is no map and no lock. So even in the simplest of applications, you will have two maps (in the system and extensions loaders) for every class that has to be loaded transitively from the application's main class. If you knew before hand which loader would actually load the class the locking would only need to be performed in that loader. As it stands the locking is completely unnecessary for all classes loaded by the boot loader. Secondly, once loading has completed and findClass will return the class, the lock and the map entry is completely unnecessary. But as it stands, the lock objects and their associated entries are never removed from the map. It is worth understanding exactly what the locking is intended to achieve, as this will help us understand potential remedies to the above inefficiencies. Given this is the support for parallel classloading, the class loader itself is unlikely to need to guard against concurrent load attempts - and if that were not the case it is likely that the classloader would need a different means to protect itself rather than a lock per class. Ultimately when a class file is located and the class has to be loaded, defineClass is called which calls into the VM - the VM does not require any locking at the Java level and uses its own mutexes for guarding its internal data structures (such as the system dictionary). The classloader locking is primarily needed to address the following situation: if two threads attempt to load the same class, one will initiate the request through the appropriate loader and eventually cause defineClass to be invoked. Meanwhile the second attempt will block trying to acquire the lock. Once the class is loaded the first thread will release the lock, allowing the second to acquire it. The second thread then sees that the class has now been loaded and will return that class. Neither thread can tell which did the loading and they both continue successfully. Consider if no lock was acquired in the classloader. Both threads will eventually locate the file for the class, read in the bytecodes and call defineClass to actually load the class. In this case the first to call defineClass will succeed, while the second will encounter an exception due to an attempted redefinition of an existing class. It is solely for this error condition that the lock has to be used. (Note that parallel capable classloaders should not need to be doing old deadlock-avoidance tricks like doing a wait() on the lock object\!). There are a number of obvious things we can try to solve this problem and they basically take three forms: Remove the need for locking. This might be achieved by having a new version of defineClass which acts like defineClassIfNotPresent - simply returning an existing Class rather than triggering an exception. Increase the coarseness of locking to reduce the number of lock objects and/or maps. For example, using a single shared lockMap instead of a per-loader lockMap. Reduce the lifetime of lock objects so that entries are removed from the map when no longer needed (eg remove after loading, use weak references to the lock objects and cleanup the map periodically). There are pros and cons to each of these approaches. Unfortunately a significant "con" is that the API introduced in Java 7 to support parallel classloading has essentially mandated that these locks do in fact exist, and they are accessible to the application code (indirectly through the classloader if it exposes them - which a custom loader might do - and regardless they are accessible to custom classloaders). So while we can reason that we could do parallel classloading with no locking, we can not implement this without breaking the specification for parallel classloading that was put in place for Java 7. Similarly we might reason that we can remove a mapping (and the lock object) because the class is already loaded, but this would again violate the specification because it can be reasoned that the following assertion should hold true: Object lock1 = loader.getClassLoadingLock(name); loader.loadClass(name); Object lock2 = loader.getClassLoadingLock(name); assert lock1 == lock2; Without modifying the specification, or at least doing some creative wordsmithing on it, options 1 and 3 are precluded. Even then there are caveats, for example if findLoadedClass is not atomic with respect to defineClass, then you can have concurrent calls to findLoadedClass from different threads and that could be expensive (this is also an argument against moving findLoadedClass outside the locked region - it may speed up the common case where the class is already loaded, but the cost of re-executing after acquiring the lock could be prohibitive. Even option 2 might need some wordsmithing on the specification because the specification for getClassLoadingLock states "returns a dedicated object associated with the specified class name". The question is, what does "dedicated" mean here? Does it mean unique in the sense that the returned object is only associated with the given class in the current loader? Or can the object actually guard loading of multiple classes, possibly across different class loaders? So it seems that changing the specification will be inevitable if we wish to do something here. In which case lets go for something that more cleanly defines what we want to be doing: fully concurrent class-loading. Note: defineClassIfNotPresent is already implemented in the VM as find_or_define_class. It is only used if the AllowParallelDefineClass flag is set. This gives us an easy hook into existing VM mechanics. Proposal: Fully Concurrent ClassLoaders The proposal is that we expand on the notion of a parallel capable class loader and define a "fully concurrent parallel capable class loader" or fully concurrent loader, for short. A fully concurrent loader uses no synchronization in loadClass and the VM uses the "parallel define class" mechanism. For a fully concurrent loader getClassLoadingLock() can return null (or perhaps not - it doesn't matter as we won't use the result anyway). At present we have not made any changes to this method. All the parallel capable JDK classloaders become fully concurrent loaders. This doesn't require any code re-design as none of the mechanisms implemented rely on the per-name locking provided by the parallelLockMap. This seems to give us a path to remove all locking at the Java level during classloading, while retaining full compatibility with Java 7 parallel capable loaders. Fully concurrent loaders will still encounter the performance penalty associated with concurrent attempts to find and prepare a class's bytecode for definition by the VM. What this penalty is depends on the number of concurrent load attempts possible (a function of the number of threads and the application logic, and dependent on the number of processors), and the costs associated with finding and preparing the bytecodes. This obviously has to be measured across a range of applications. Preliminary webrevs: http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~dholmes/concurrent-loaders/webrev.hotspot/ http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~dholmes/concurrent-loaders/webrev.jdk/ Please direct all comments to the mailing list core-libs-dev@openjdk.java.net.

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• Unity Launcher only runs once - requires lightdm restart before it runs again

  - by Don

  I have an intermittent problem that just started showing up several days ago. I am running 11.10 and all updates are current. I first saw the symptom with a custom version of the "Home" nautilus-home.desktop file I created in ~/.local.share/applications. I added a few static shortcuts to specific folders. What I found was, clikcing the icon once would open up my home folder, but after closing that nautilus window, clicking the icon again did nothing (did not even show icon backlight animation). However, I could right click on the same icon and access my short cuts as many times as I want. Symptom persisted until restarting lightdm. Just yesterday I saw the same sort of symptom happen with a custom launcher I created for a chromium-borwser to open a specific URL (with a few short cuts to other URLs). Click the icon - it works once. Then never again. Right click the icon and I can use the short cuts over and over - no problem. Note - at one point I assumed I might have a problem with my custom .desktop file, so I did a test by removing my custom nautilus-home.desktop. However, even after restarting lightdm, and verifying the home icon was the standard one from /opt/share/applications (all my custom shortcuts were gone) I saw the same symptom re-appear - it runs once and then not again until restarting lightdm. It seems to be intermittent and seems to move between various launchers. Not sure what to do or even what background data to gather. Attempt to improve question after the first answer: I tried the following: 1) remove all custom launchers 2) reboot 3) add custom lauchers back 4) reboot 5) attempt to use .... still have "runs once and never again" symptom with several launchers

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