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  • Which term to use when referring to functional data structures: persistent or immutable?

    - by Bob
    In the context of functional programming which is the correct term to use: persistent or immutable? When I Google "immutable data structures" I get a Wikipedia link to an article on "Persistent data structure" which even goes on to say: such data structures are effectively immutable Which further confuses things for me. Do functional programs rely on persistent data structures or immutable data structures? Or are they always the same thing?

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  • Exceptions over remote methods

    - by Andrei Vajna II
    What are the best practices for exceptions over remote methods? I'm sure that you need to handle all exceptions at the level of a remote method implementation, because you need to log it on the server side. But what should you do afterwards? Should you wrap the exception in a RemoteException (java) and throw it to the client? This would mean that the client would have to import all exceptions that could be thrown. Would it be better to throw a new custom exception with fewer details? Because the client won't need to know all the details of what went wrong. What should you log on the client? I've even heard of using return codes(for efficiency maybe?) to tell the caller about what happened. The important thing to keep in mind, is that the client must be informed of what went wrong. A generic answer of "Something failed" or no notification at all is unacceptable. And what about runtime (unchecked) exceptions?

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  • Pre Project Documentation

    - by DeanMc
    I have an issue that I feel many programmers can relate to... I have worked on many small scale projects. After my initial paper brain storm I tend to start coding. What I come up with is usually a rough working model of the actual application. I design in a disconnected fashion so I am talking about underlying code libraries, user interfaces are the last thing as the library usually dictates what is needed in the UI. As my projects get bigger I worry that so should my "spec" or design document. The above paragraph, from my investigations, is echoed all across the internet in one fashion or another. When a UI is concerned there is a bit more information but it is UI specific and does not relate to code libraries. What I am beginning to realise is that maybe code is code is code. It seems from my extensive research that there is no 1:1 mapping between a design document and the code. When I need to research a topic I dump information into OneNote and from there I prioritise features into versions and then into related chunks so that development runs in a fairly linear fashion, my tasks tend to look like so: Implement Binary File Reader Implement Binary File Writer Create Object to encapsulate Data for expression to the caller Now any programmer worth his salt is aware that between those three to do items could be a potential wall of code that could expand out to multiple files. I have tried to map the complete code process for each task but I simply don't think it can be done effectively. By the time one mangles pseudo code it is essentially code anyway so the time investment is negated. So my question is this: Am I right in assuming that the best documentation is the code itself. We are all in agreement that a high level overview is needed. How high should this be? Do you design to statement, class or concept level? What works for you?

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  • What's the new way to iterate over a Java Map in Scala 2.8.0?

    - by Alex R
    How does scala.collection.JavaConversions supercede the answers given here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/495741/iterating-over-java-collections-in-scala (doesn't work because the "jcl" package is gone) and here http://www.eishay.com/2009/05/iterating-over-map-with-scala.html (doesn't work me in a complicated test which I'll try to boil down and post here later) The latter is actually a Scala Map question but I think I need to know both answers in order to iterate over a java.util.Map. Thanks

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  • Is it inefficient to access a python class member container in a loop statement?

    - by Dave
    Hi there. I'm trying to adopt some best practices to keep my python code efficient. I've heard that accessing a member variable inside of a loop can incur a dictionary lookup for every iteration of the loop, so I cache these in local variables to use inside the loop. My question is about the loop statement itself... if I have the following class: class A(object): def init(self) self.myList = [ 'a','b','c', 'd', 'e' ] Does the following code in a member function incur one, or one-per-loop-iteration (5) dictionary lookups? for letter in self.myList: print letter IE, should I adopt the following pattern, if I am concerned about efficiency... localList = self.myList for letter in localList: print letter or is that actually LESS efficient due to the local variable assign? Note, I am aware that early optimization is a dangerous pitfall if I'm concerned about the overall efficiency of code development. Here I am specifically asking about the efficiency of the code, not the coding. Thanks in advance! D

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  • Capturing system command output as a string

    - by dreeves
    Perl and PHP do this with backticks. For example: $output = `ls`; This code returns a directory listing into the variable $output. A similar function, system("ls"), returns the operating system return code for the given command. I'm talking about a variant that returns whatever the command prints to stdout. (There are better ways to get the list of files in a directory; the example code is an example of this concept.) How do other languages do this? Is there a canonical name for this function? (I'm going with "backtick"; though maybe I could coin "syslurp".)

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  • Best way to format if statement with multiple conditions.

    - by Matt690
    If you want to some code to execute based on two or more conditions which is the best way to format that if statement ? first example:- if(ConditionOne && ConditionTwo && ConditionThree) { Code to execute } Second example:- if(ConditionOne) { if(ConditionTwo ) { if(ConditionThree) { Code to execute } } } which is easiest to understand and read bearing in mind that each condition may be a long function name or something.

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  • What is a good standard for code width?

    - by BillyONeal
    Hello everyone :) I've heard in several places that it's bad to have code that is too wide onscreen. For example: for (std::vector<EnumServiceInformation>::const_iterator currentService = services.begin(); currentService != services.end(); currentService++) However, I've heard many arguments for 80 character wide limits. I'm assuming this 80 character limit comes from the traditional command prompt, which is typically 80 characters wide. However -- most of us are working on something much better than a typical command prompt, and I feel that using an 80 character limit encourages use of variable names that are far too short and do not describe what the variable is used for. What is a reasonable limit for a new project with no existing coding width standard?

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  • When may I ask a question to fellow developers? (Rules before asking questions).

    - by Zwei Steinen
    I assigned a quite simple task to one junior developer today, and he kept pinging me EVERY 5 minutes for HOURS, asking STEP BY STEP, what to do. Whenever something went wrong, he simply copy&pasted the log and basically wrote, "An exception occurred. What should I do?" So I finally had to tell him, "If you want to be a developer, please start thinking a little bit. Read the error message. That's what they are for!". I also however, tell junior developers to ask questions before spending too much time trying to solve it themselves. This might sound contradictory, but I feel there is some kind of an implicit rule that distinguishes questions that should be asked fairly quickly and that should not (and I try to follow those rules when I ask questions..) So my question is, do you have any rules that you follow, or expect others to follow on asking questions? If so, what are they? Let me start with my own. If you have struggled for more than 90 min, you may ask that question (exceptions exists). If you haven't struggled for more than 15 min, you may not ask that question (if you are sure that the answer can not be found within 15 min, this rule does not have to apply). If it is completely out of your domain and you do not plan to learn that domain, you may ask that question after 15 min (e.g. if I am a java programmer and need to back up the DB, I may ask the DBA what procedure to follow after googling for 15 min). If it is a "local" question, whose answer is difficult to derive or for which resources is difficult to get (e.g. asking an colleague "what method xxx does" etc.), you may ask that question after 15 min. If the answer for it is difficult to derive, and you know that the other person knows the answer, you may ask the question after 15 min (e.g. asking a hibernate expert "What do I need to change else to make this work?". If the process to derive the answer is interesting and is a good learning opportunity, you may ask for hints but you may not ask for answers! What are your rules?

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  • Number distribution

    - by Carra
    Problem: We have x checkboxes and we want to check y of them evenly. Example 1: select 50 checkboxes of 100 total. [-] [x] [-] [x] ... Example 2: select 33 checkboxes of 100 total. [-] [-] [x] [-] [-] [x] ... Example 3: select 66 checkboxes of 100 total: [-] [x] [x] [-] [x] [x] ... But we're having trouble to come up with a formula to check them in code, especially once you go 11/111 or something similar. Anyone has an idea?

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  • Rationale of C# iterators design (comparing to C++)

    - by macias
    I found similar topic: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56347/iterators-in-c-stl-vs-java-is-there-a-conceptual-difference Which basically deals with Java iterator (which is similar to C#) being unable to going backward. So here I would like to focus on limits -- in C++ iterator does not know its limit, you have by yourself compare the given iterator with the limit. In C# iterator knows more -- you can tell without comparing to any external reference, if the iterator is valid or not. I prefer C++ way, because once having iterator you can set any iterator as a limit. In other words if you would like to get only few elements instead of entire collection, you don't have to alter the iterator (in C++). For me it is more "pure" (clear). But of course MS knew this and C++ while designing C#. So what are the advantages of C# way? Which approach is more powerful (which leads to more elegant functions based on iterators). What do I miss? If you have thoughts on C# vs. C++ iterators design other than their limits (boundaries), please also answer. Note: (just in case) please, keep the discussion strictly technical. No C++/C# flamewar.

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  • Fastest way to find the largest power of 10 smaller than x

    - by peoro
    Is there any fast way to find the largest power of 10 smaller than a given number? I'm using this algorithm, at the moment, but something inside myself dies anytime I see it: 10**( int( math.log10(x) ) ) # python pow( 10, (int) log10(x) ) // C I could implement simple log10 and pow functions for my problems with one loop each, but still I'm wondering if there is some bit magic for decimal numbers.

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  • Sequence Point and Evaluation Order( Preincrement)

    - by Josh
    There was a debate today among some of my colleagues and I wanted to clarify it. It is about the evaluation order and the sequence point in an expression. It is clearly stated in the standard that C/C++ does not have a left-to-right evaluation in an expression unlike languages like Java which is guaranteed to have a sequencial left-to-right order. So, in the below expression, the evaluation of the leftmost operand(B) in the binary operation is sequenced before the evaluation of the rightmost operand(C): A = B B_OP C The following expression according, to CPPReference under the subsection Sequenced-before rules(Undefined Behaviour) and Bjarne's TCPPL 3rd ed, is an UB x = x++ + 1; It could be interpreted as the compilers like BUT the expression below is said to be clearly a well defined behaviour in C++11 x = ++x + 1; So, if the above expression is well defined, what is the "fate" of this? array[x] = ++x; It seems the evaluation of a post-increment and post-decrement is not defined but the pre-increment and the pre-decrement is defined. NOTE: This is not used in a real-life code. Clang 3.4 and GCC 4.8 clearly warns about both the pre- and post-increment sequence point.

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  • What's the best platform for a static-website?

    - by Earlz
    Hello, I am building a static-website (as in, to change a page, we change the HTML and there is no DB or anything). Well, it will have a number of pages and I don't want to copy and paste the HTML navigation and layout code around everywhere. So what would be the best platform to use in this situation so I can have all my layout and "common" HTML markup all in one place?

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  • Should I write my own forum software?

    - by acidzombie24
    I have already built a site from scratch. It has banning, PM, comments, etc. The PMs and comments are done using markdown (like SO). There are pros and cons for writing my own or using another software. But some cons keeping me from using another forum software is Multiple Logins: One for the site, one for separate forums. Need to Customization code: I'll need to change the toolbar in the forum software so I can access pages on the regular site. Look consistency: It may look drastically different from my site even after applying lots of css changes. Banning and User consistency. Users may be ban on site or on forums but not the other. users may select a different or multiple usernames on the forum instead of being forced to use the same username on both site and forum. Should I write my own forum code or should I use something already written? What are some reasons for or against writing my own and using forum software?

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  • What is a mantainable way of saving "star rating" in a database?

    - by Montecristo
    I'll use the jQuery plugin for presenting the user with a nice interface The request is to display 5 stars, up to a total score of 10 (2 points per star). By now I thought about using 7/10 as a format for that value, but what if at some point in the future I'll receive a request like We would like to give users more choice, let's increase the total score to 20 (so that each star contributes with a maximum of 4 points) I'll end up with a table with mixed values for the "star rating" column: some will be like 7/10 while others will be like 14/20. Is it ok for you to have this difference in the database and deal with it in the logic layer to have it consistent? Or is preferred another way so that querying the table will not result in inconsistent results outside the application? Maybe floating point values could help me, is it better to store that value as a number less than or equal to one? So in each of the two examples the resulting value stored in the database would be 0,7, as a number, not a varchar, which can be queried also outside the application. What do you think?

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  • Regex not being greedy enough

    - by Chad
    I've got the following regex that was working perfectly until a new situation arose ^.*[?&]U(?:RL)?=(?<URL>.*)$ Basically, it's used against URLs, to grab EVERYTHING after the U=, or URL= and return it in the URL match So, for the following http://localhost?a=b&u=http://otherhost?foo=bar URL = http://otherhost?foo=bar Unfortunately an odd case came up http://localhost?a=b&u=http://otherhost?foo=bar&url=http://someotherhost Ideally, I want URL to be "http://otherhost?foo=bar&url=http://someotherhost", instead, it is just "http://someotherhost"

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  • RESTful service description

    - by Anax
    From what I understand, I need to use WADL to describe a RESTful web service. Still, I have read many answers in relevant posts, where users are strongly opposed the use of WADL. What are the disadvantages of WADL? Is there any alternative solution?

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  • How to Check Authenticity of an AJAX Request

    - by Alex Reisner
    I am designing a web site in which users solve puzzles as quickly as they can. JavaScript is used to time each puzzle, and the number of milliseconds is sent to the server via AJAX when the puzzle is completed. How can I ensure that the time received by the server was not forged by the user? I don't think a session-based authenticity token (the kind used for forms in Rails) is sufficient because I need to authenticate the source of a value, not just the legitimacy of the request. Is there a way to cryptographically sign the request? I can't think of anything that couldn't be duplicated by a hacker. Is any JavaScript, by its exposed, client-side nature, subject to tampering? Am I going to have to use something that gets compiled, like Flash? (Yikes.) Or is there some way to hide a secret key? Or something else I haven't thought of? Update: To clarify, I don't want to penalize people with slow network connections (and network speed should be considered inconsistent), so the timing needs to be 100% client-side (the timer starts only when we know the user can see the puzzle). Also, there is money involved so no amount of "trusting the user" is acceptable.

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  • How to check if the given string is palindrome?

    - by Prakash
    Definition: A palindrome is a word, phrase, number or other sequence of units that has the property of reading the same in either direction How to check if the given string is a palindrome? This was one of the FAIQ [Frequently Asked Interview Question] a while ago but that mostly using C. Looking for solutions in any and all languages possible.

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