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  • Why there are no semicolons and {} blocks in some languages

    - by Incognito
    I know the question has no practical value, but it is interesting why in some languages semicolons and {} blocks are removed although their predecessor have them. Actually it makes me nervous to write a code in Python as there are no ";" and {}. Also in new language Google-GO semicolons are also missing although it says that lexer uses a rule to insert semicolons automatically as it scans. So is there any secret :) reason for this.

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  • SSH dynamic port forwarding, "Connection refused"

    - by crodjer
    I am trying to do dynamic portforwarding using openssh through a remote computer following this command: ssh -D 6789 rohan@<remote_ip> -p <remote_port> This should set up a socks server on my comp as I assume. I am able to use this for normal browsing but can't connect to IRC or remote ssh (through proxychains). I get this error: channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused A high verbosity level output of the error: $ debug1: Connection to port 6789 forwarding to socks port 0 requested. debug2: fd 9 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: fd 9 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: fd 9 is O_NONBLOCK debug1: channel 3: new [dynamic-tcpip] debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 0 debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 4 debug2: channel 3: decode socks5 debug2: channel 3: socks5 auth done debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: need more debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 0 debug2: channel 3: pre_dynamic: have 10 debug2: channel 3: decode socks5 debug2: channel 3: socks5 post auth debug2: channel 3: dynamic request: socks5 host 4.2.2.2 port 53 command 1 debug3: Wrote 96 bytes for a total of 3335 channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused debug2: channel 3: zombie debug2: channel 3: garbage collecting debug1: channel 3: free: direct-tcpip: listening port 6789 for 4.2.2.2 port 53, connect from 127.0.0.1 port 33694, nchannels 4 debug3: channel 3: status: The following connections are open: #2 client-session (t4 r0 i0/0 o0/0 fd 6/7 cfd -1) debug3: channel 3: close_fds r 9 w 9 e -1 c -1 I googled for this too, but couldn't find any solutions.

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  • Advantages/disadvantages of Python and Ruby

    - by Seburdis
    I know this is going to seem a little like all the other python vs ruby question out there, but I'm not looking specifically to pick one over the other all the time. My question is, essentially, why would you use one language over the other when you are starting a new project? What features does ruby have that python doesn't that would make you decide on it for a given project? What about python over ruby? I was just recently thinking about the differentiation between the two languages because of Jamis Buck's "There is no magic, only awesome" series of articles (4 parts, available here) when I realized I really don't know enough about the two languages to know when to choose one over the other. I'm hoping to get objective answers from people who have experience with both languages, rather than just "python is better, ruby sucks" kind of responses. If you know of a feature in one language that doesn't exist in the other and is great in a certain situation, feel free to chime in and say why you think it's awesome. If you have another language comparable to these that you'd like to suggest pros/cons for, like groovy for example, that would be appreciated too. Some thing I know each language has going for it: Ruby: Awesome metaprogramming Great community Wide selection of Gems Rails Great code readability, usually MacRuby is great for native development on Mac without objc Amazing testing tools (cucumber, rspec, shoulda, autotest, etc.) Python: Whitespace indentation List comprehensions Better functional programming support? Lots of support on linux Easy_install isn't far from gems Great variety of libraries available

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  • Have you ever done a project using a languages that is not the mainstream choice for the specific niche of the project? Why?

    - by EpsilonVector
    I was thinking about my academic experience with Smalltalk (well, Squeak) a while ago and whether I would like to use it for something, and it got me thinking: sure, it's as good and capable as any popular language, and it has some nice ideas, but there are certain languages that are already well entrenched in certain niches of programming (C is for systems programming, Java is for portability, and so on...), and Smalltalk and co. don't seem to have any obvious differentiating features to make them the right choice under certain circumstances, or at least not as far as I can tell, and when you add to it the fact that it's harder to find programmers who know it it adds all sorts of other problems for the organization itself. So if you ever worked on a project where a non-mainstream language (like Smalltalk) was used over a more mainstream one, what was the reason for it? To clarify: I'd like to focus this on imperative languages.

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  • Advantages of compilers for functional languages over compilers for imperative languages

    - by Onorio Catenacci
    As a follow up to this question What are the advantages of built-in immutability of F# over C#?--am I correct in assuming that the F# compiler can make certain optimizations knowing that it's dealing with largely immutable code? I mean even if a developer writes "Functional C#" the compiler wouldn't know all of the immutability that the developer had tried to code in so that it couldn't make the same optimizations, right? In general would the compiler of a functional language be able to make optimizations that would not be possible with an imperative language--even one written with as much immutability as possible?

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  • What problems can arise from emulating concepts from another languages?

    - by Vandell
    I've read many times on the web that if your language doesn't support some concept, for example, object orientation, or maybe function calls, and it's considered a good practice in this other context, you should do it. The only problem I can see now is that other programmers may find your code too different than the usual, making it hard for them to program. What other problems do you think may arise from this?

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  • What is the right option of programming languages and tools for building our website?

    - by Goma
    We are 3 persons trying to build a large website which will be available in 3 languges. However, we will start with one language and with small idea then we are going to improve it and make it larger! What do you think the best tools and language that we should use? We are caring alot about the speed of loading the pages and tools that provide excellent qulaity with cheaper fees. Edit: We are graphic designers, so we did not choose the programming language yet. But we studied computer science and we have an idea but we found that this is the best place to ask the question and expect the right answer from you. Should we use ASP.NET for example? or PHP? We do not want an expesive option that will cost us alot in the future and we do not want to change the technology at least for the first 5 years. Thanks!

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  • What are some non-MS languages that can write xlsx (Excel 2007+) documents efficiently?

    - by Honus Wagner
    Unfortunately, Excel format is required for the project I am working on. I have no problems getting the data I need in objects and arrays, and currently PHPExcel is doing handling the document generation. It works, but it's slow and loopy. Was wondering if there is a more efficient server language to generate Excel documents (not CSVs). This is a pure Linux environment so I need to stay away from .NET. I am open to any programming language that does it cleanly and efficiently. Thanks.

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  • What operating systems are used in airplanes, and what programming languages are they developed in?

    - by adhg
    I was wondering if anyone knows what is the operating system used in commercial airplanes (say Boeing or Airbus). Also, what is the (preferred) real-time programing language? I heard that Ada is used in Boeing, so my question is - why Ada? what are the criteria the Boeing-guys had to choose this language? (I guess Java wouldn't be a great choice if the exactly in lift off the garbage collector wakes up).

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  • What's the reason exceptions are heavily used in managed (C# and Java) languages but not in C++? [on hold]

    - by ZijingWu
    AFAIK, a lot of C++ projects don't allow exceptions and deny them in coding guidelines. I have a lot of reasons, for example, exception is hard to handle correctly if your binary needs to be compiled by separate and different compilers. But it doesn't fully convince me, there is a lot of projects which are just using one compiler. Compared to C++, exceptions are heavily used in C# and Java and the reason can only be that exception are not bringing enough benefit. One point is debugbility in practice. Exception can not get the call stack in C++ code, but in C# and Java you can get the call stack from exception, it is significant and makes debugging easier. No-callstack is not the fault of the exception, it is the language difference, but it impacts the exception usage. So what's the reason that exceptions are frowned upon in c++ programs?

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  • Is there a well grounded theory on backward and forward compatibility of formats, languages, grammars and vocabularies?

    - by Breton
    I have a friend who has the specific problem of building a case against the use of a custom HTML <wrapper> tag in some site's markup. Now, intuitively we can answer that use of such a tag is risky, as future HTML specs may define a wrapper tag with semantics that conflict with its use on the site. We can also appeal to a particular section of the HTML5 spec which also recommends against the use of custom tags for this reason. And while I agree with the conclusion, I find these arguments a little on the weak side, on their own. Is there some well grounded and proven theory in computer science from which we can derive this conclusion? Have programming language theorists created proofs about the properties of vocabulary versioning, or some such thing?

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  • SQLite3's dynamic typing

    - by Bradford Larsen
    SQLite3 uses dynamic typing rather than static typing, in contrast to other flavors of SQL. The SQLite website reads: Most SQL database engines (every SQL database engine other than SQLite, as far as we know) uses static, rigid typing. With static typing, the datatype of a value is determined by its container - the particular column in which the value is stored. SQLite uses a more general dynamic type system. In SQLite, the datatype of a value is associated with the value itself, not with its container. It seems to me that this is exactly what you don't want, as it lets you store, for example, strings in integer columns. The page continues: ...the dynamic typing in SQLite allows it to do things which are not possible in traditional rigidly typed databases. I have two questions: The use case question: What are some examples where sqlite3's dynamic typing is, in fact, beneficial? The historical/design question: What was the motivation for implementing sqlite with dynamic typing?

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  • what languages are used in AI research today?

    - by aaa
    hi. I am currently dabbling in expert systems, emacs lisp, and reading up about artificial intelligence. Traditionally, artificial intelligence is associated with LISP and expert systems with CLIPS. However, I have noticed in computational sciences how much Python is being used. What about the area of artificial intelligence and machine learning? is it still been dominated by LISP? how much is python being used in AI? are any of the newer functional languages, clojure for example, being used in research? in the area of expert systems, which shells are most used/popular today? are there any interesting developments language wise which you know of? Thanks a lot

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  • Are All Dynamic Languages Typo-friendly?

    - by yar
    With Java on one side and Ruby/Groovy on the other, I know that in the second camp I'm free to make typos which will not get caught until run-time. Is this true of all dynamically-typed languages? Edit: I've been asked to elaborate on the type of typo. In Ruby and in Groovy, you can assign to a variable with an accidental name that is never read. You can call methods that don't exist (obviously your tests should catch this, it's been said). You can refer to classes that don't exist, etc. etc. Basically any valid syntax, even with typographical errors, is valid in both Ruby and Groovy.

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  • Practical non-Turing-complete languages?

    - by Kyle Cronin
    Nearly all programming languages used are Turing Complete, and while this affords the language to represent any computable algorithm, it also comes with its own set of problems. Seeing as all the algorithms I write are intended to halt, I would like to be able to represent them in a language that guarantees they will halt. Regular expressions used for matching strings and finite state machines are used when lexing, but I'm wondering if there's a more general, broadly language that's not Turing complete? edit: I should clarify, by 'general purpose' I don't necessarily want to be able to write all halting algorithms in the language (I don't think that such a language would exist) but I suspect that there are common threads in halting proofs that can be generalized to produce a language in which all algorithms are guaranteed to halt. There's also another way to tackle this problem - eliminate the need for theoretically infinite memory. Once you limit the amount of memory the machine is allowed, the number of states the machine is in is finite and countable, and therefore you can determine if the algorithm will halt (by not allowing the machine to move into a state it's been in before).

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  • Functional languages targeting the LLVM

    - by Matthew
    Are there any languages that target the LLVM that: Are statically typed Use type inference Are functional (i.e. lambda expressions, closures, list primitives, list comprehensions, etc.) Have first class object-oriented features (inheritance, polymorphism, mixins, etc.) Have a sophisticated type system (generics, covariance and contravariance, etc.) Scala is all of these, but only targets the JVM. F# (and to some extent C#) is most if not all of these, but only targets .NET. What similar language targets the LLVM?

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  • Statement hierarchy in programming languages

    - by sudo
    I quickly wrote an interpreter for some sort of experimental programing language i came up with, in PHP (yes, in PHP). The language itself doesn't have anything really special, I just wanted to give it a try. I got the basic things working (Hello World, input to output, string manipulation, arithmetics) but I'm getting stuck with the management of blocks and grouped statements. What I mean is: PHP and most other languages let you do this: ((2+2)*(8+2)+2), of course not only with mathematical computations. My program structure currently consists of a multidimensional array built like this: ID => Type (Identifier, String, Int, Newline, EOF, Comma, ...) Contents (If identifier, int or string) How could I allow statements to be executed in a defined order like in the PHP example above?

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  • Django: Admin with multiple sites & languages

    - by lazerscience
    Hi everybody! I'm supposed to build some Django apps, that allow you to administer multiple sites through one backend. The contrib.sites framework is quite perfect for my purposes. I can run multiple instances of manage.py with different settings for each site; but how should django's admin deal with different settings for different sites, eg. if they have different sets of languages, a different (default) language? So there are some problem s to face if you have to work on objects coming from different sites in one admin... I think settings.ADMIN_FOR is supposed to be quite helpful for cases like this, but theres hardly any documentation about it and I think it's not really used in the actual Django version (?). So any ideas/solutions are welcome and much appreciated! Thanks a lot...

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  • Java compilers or JVM languages that support goto?

    - by unknown
    Is there a java compiler flag that allows me to use goto as a valid construct? If not, are there any third-party java compilers that supports goto? If not, are there any other languages that support goto while at the same time can easily call methods written in Java? The reason is I'm making a language that is implemented in Java. Gotos are an important part of my language; I want to be able to compile it to native or JVM bytecode, although it has to be able to easily use Java libraries (ie. C supports goto, but to use it I'd have to rewrite the libraries in C). I want to generate C or Java, etc source files, and not bytecode or machine code. I'm using a third-party compiler to do that.

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  • Creating dynamic generics at runtime using Reflection

    - by MPhlegmatic
    I'm trying to convert a Dictionary< dynamic, dynamic to a statically-typed one by examining the types of the keys and values and creating a new Dictionary of the appropriate types using Reflection. If I know the key and value types, I can do the following: Type dictType = typeof(Dictionary<,>); newDict = Activator.CreateInstance(dictType.MakeGenericType(new Type[] { keyType, valueType })); However, I may need to create, for example, a Dictionary< MyKeyType, dynamic if the values are not all of the same type, and I can't figure out how to specify the dynamic type, since typeof(dynamic) isn't viable. How would I go about doing this, and/or is there a simpler way to accomplish what I'm trying to do?

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  • What's the best way to implement a dynamic proxy in C#?

    - by gap
    Hi, I've got a need to create a dynamic proxy in C#. I want this class to wrap another class, and take on it's public interface, forwarding calls for those functions: class MyRootClass { public virtual void Foo() { Console.Out.WriteLine("Foo!"); } } interface ISecondaryInterface { void Bar(); } class Wrapper<T> : ISecondaryInterface where T: MyRootClass { public Wrapper(T otherObj) { } public void Bar() { Console.Out.WriteLine("Bar!"); } } Here's how I want to use it: Wrapper<MyRootClass> wrappedObj = new Wrapper<MyRootClass>(new MyRootClass()); wrappedObj.Bar(); wrappedObj.Foo(); to produce: Bar! Foo! Any ideas? What's the easiest way to do this? What's the best way to do this? Thanks so much.

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  • Share and Deliver BI Publisher Reports in Multiple Languages

    - by kanichiro.nishida
    When you share your reports with someone who speak and read in different languages you want your reports to be shown in their language, right ? Well, translating reports with BI Publisher is not only easy but also reduces the maintenance cost a lot. Many of us in the BI Publisher product development team used to work in Globalization and Multi Lingual support, which enables Oracle products and applications to be used in many different languages and countries and territories.  And we have a lot of experience in this area. In fact, being a strategic reporting platform for Oracle EBS, PeopleSoft, JD Edwards, Siebel, and many other Oracle application products, our customers from all over the world are generating thousands of thousands of reports, including out-of-the-box pre-developed reports from Oracle and customer created or customized reports, in their own local language everyday as they operate and manage their business. Today, I’m going to talk about this very topic, how to translate my reports with BI Publisher 11G. Translation Grows, not the Numbers of the Reports Most of the reporting tools, regardless if it’s traditional or new, always take this translation on the back burner. They require their users to copy an original report and translate the whole thing. So when you want to support additional10 languages you will need to have 10 copies of the original. Imagine when you have 50 reports then you will end up having 500 reports (50 x 10) ! Now you need to maintain these 500 reports, whenever you need to make a change in a report you need to apply the same change to the other 10 reports. And as you imagine this is not only a nightmare for IT managements but not acceptable especially for the applications like Oracle EBS that supports over 30 languages. So first thing we did was, very simple, we separated the translation out of the report and marry it to the report only at the report generation. This means, regardless of how many languages you need to support you need to have only one report and translation files for the 10 languages, which would contain the translated letters and words. So let’s say you have 50 reports and need to support 10 languages for those reports you still have only 50 reports and each report now has 10 language translation files. Yes, translation is the one should grow as you add more languages to support, not the report itself! And second, we provide the translation files in XLIFF format, which is an international standard XML based format to exchange and maintain translation strings. So once you generate the XLIFF files for your reports with BI Publisher then you can work with any translation vendors in the world to make a mass translation or you can translate the XML files by yourself by manually updating the translatable strings presented in this text file. Lastly, we made it easier to manage the translation process starting from generating the XLIFF files to uploading the translated XLIFF files back to the BI Publisher server. You can generate, download, upload the XLIFF files from the BI Publisher’s Web interface with your browser and you can see the translated reports right away without needing to shutdown or restart your server. While the translated reports are displayed based on your language preference setting you can also specify a different language when you schedule or deliver the reports so that they can be generated in your customer’s preferred language. What Can I Translate? When it comes to translation there are three things. First, report content translation. When you receive a report you like to see the content like report title, section title, comments, annotation, table column header, and anything that are static and embedded in the report. in your preferred language. We call this Reports Content translation. Second, when you open a report online you might want to see not only the report content being translated but also the report UI, such as report name, parameter name, layout name, and anything that would help you to navigate around the reports, to be translated in your language. We call this Reports UI translation. And this separation of the Reports Content and Reports UI translation makes it very useful especially when you want to navigate through the reports in your preferred language UI but want to generate the reports in your customer’s preferred language. Imagine you are English native speaker and need to generate and send a report to your customers in China. You like to see the report name, parameter name in English so that you can comfortably navigate to the report and generate the report output, but like to see the report generated in Chinese so that the your customers in China can understand the report when they receive it. And lastly, you might want to see even the data presented in the report to be translated. For example, you might want to see product names in an Order Status report to be translated based on the report viewer’s language preference. We call this Reporting Data translation. Since this Reporting Data translation is maintained at the data source level such as Database tables along with the main data, you need to prepare the translation at the data source level first. Then, you want to make sure that your query is switched accordingly based on the language preference setting so that the translated data will be retrieved. How to Translate BI Publisher Reports? Now when it comes to ‘how to translate BI Publisher reports?’ the main focus here is about the translation for the Report Content and Report UI. And I just created this video to show you how to create and manage the translation with BI Publisher 11G. Please take a look at the clip below.   In today’s business world, customers and suppliers are from all over the world regardless of the size of the company or organization. Supporting multiple languages for your reports is no longer something ‘nice to have’, it’s mandatory. BI Publisher is designed to support multi lingual reports from the beginning without any extra hidden cost of license or configuration like other reporting tools such as Crystal Reports. You can support additional languages translation at any time with the very simple steps shown in the video above. Happy translation! Please share your translation experience with us! 

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  • Which is the best non-java, dynamic, programming language to build attractive GUIs?

    - by VeeKay
    I am well acquainted with java and groovy but somehow I am not intrigued by the performance or looks of swing based applications that are developed on the same. So I want to learn and know about THE best alternate dynamic programming language (coz I am looking for little bit of luxury while writing code by not willing to fiddle with pointers, memory handling, static typing difficulties etc) to develop attractive cross platform GUIs. To be precise, when I say attractive I mean support for elegant translucent windows and nicer components (not the flashy adobe stuff). Can you please suggest me a programming language that manages to fit into this?

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  • Filtering your offices IPs from Google Analytics when each has a dynamic IP?

    - by leeand00
    I found the documentation for filtering IPs from Google Analytics, but the address of the several locations of our company all have dynamic IP addresses that change every 30 days from what I'm told. I know from working with Dynamic DNS that the provider usually gives you a script that you configure your router to run when it's IP address changes or when it is restarted, which passes the new IP address to the DDNS server. I'm wondering if there might be a way to write or use a preexisting script to do the same thing with the Google Analytics API.

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  • Cisco ASA Hairpinning with Dynamic IP

    - by Joseph Sturtevant
    I currently have my Cisco ASA 5505 firewall configured to forward port 80 from the outside interface to a host on my dmz interface. I also need to allow clients on my inside interface to access the host in the dmz by entering the public ip / dns record in their browsers. I was able to do that by following the instructions here, resulting in the following configuration: static (dmz,outside) tcp interface www 192.168.1.5 www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (dmz,inside) tcp 74.125.45.100 www 192.168.1.5 www netmask 255.255.255.255 (Where 74.125.45.100 is my public IP and 192.168.1.5 is the IP of the dmz host) This works great except for the fact that my network has a dynamic public IP and this configuration will therefore break as soon as my public IP changes. Is there a way to do what I want with a dynamic ip? Note: Adding an internal DNS record won't solve my problem since I have multiple dmz hosts mapped to different ports on the public IP.

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