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  • Ubuntu 12.04 updates fail recently - Please help

    - by user74152
    I upgraded Ubuntu 11.10 to 12.04 LTS immediately after its release (april 2012). Since then updates (new kernels and others) succeeded regularly, but recently, suddenly, updates fail consistently. What causes the problem and how can it be solved? Terminal information after the last update attempt: ariel@ariel-MS-7592:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 3 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic (3.2.0-26.41) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 11: /etc/default/grub: splash”: not found run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.26.28); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfiguredNo apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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  • CentOS 5.5 ext4 conversion problem - ext4 partition is recognized as ext3

    - by FractalizeR
    Hello. I had 5.4 machine. Upgraded to 5.5 today via yum upgrade. All went fine. Rebooted. Wanted to convert root partition to ext4 (I have three partitions: /boot, / and swap). All of them on software RAID 1 (root is /dev/md2). I did the following for converting yum install e4fsprogs tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/md2 nano /etc/fstab # I indicated here that my /dev/md2 is of ext4 uname -a mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.3.1.el5.img 2.6.18-194.3.1.el5 Rebooted. I expected fsck to start automatically as said on some site. But it did not. Threw some error (don't remember exactly which). Ok, I booted linux rescue and executed fsck: fsck -t ext4 -fy /dev/md2 Partition went fine. But still when I boot main system, it says in log: "ext3-fs:" then something about not being able to mount ext3 partition due to unknown extended attributed (200). I booted linux rescue again. It loads fine and correctly determines all my machine partitions both ext3 (boot) and ext4 (/) under /mnt/sysimage just fine. I retried mkinitrd thing again watching it's output and ensured ext4 module is included into the system. I also edited menu.lst grub file to include rootfstype=ext4 kernel parameter. Bad luck. I still have message from ext3-fs about not being able to mount filesystem because of attributes and kernel panic immediately after. I checked /etc/fstab - it's fine and saying that root is of ext4. What did I do wrong? This machine is empty so I can just reformat it with 5.5 and recreate partitions to be originally ext4. But... I just want to know what did I do wrong.

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  • PXE boot and DHCP server configuration Failing Auto Installation

    - by Harihara Vinayakaram
    I have a ISC DHCP Server installed on Ubuntu 9.10 . I have managed to successfully boot a PXE client , obtain a DHCP address and load the initrd.gz file. But I am facing a vague problem when the debian installer starts up and tries to get a DHCP server The client send a DHCP request and I verified that is the same MAC Address. But I get a DHCP DECLINE (The client declines the address ). It offers all the address in the pool and then there is a DHCP NAK (no more free leases ) I tried using the Option no-ping, and also option one-client-one-lease but it does not help . If I set the client to use a fixed-address then the above problem is not there and the installation proceeds smoothly Can you give me any clues on what should be the DHCP server configuration My dhcpd.conf looks like this { ddns-update-style none; option domain-name "hadoop-myorg.org"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.3.5; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; group { filename "pxelinux.0"; next-server 192.168.13.184; host hadoop1 { hardware ethernet 90:e6:ba:d5:53:f8; } } subnet 192.168.13.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 10.0.0.254; pool { option domain-name-servers 192.168.3.5; max-lease-time 3000; range 192.168.13.55 192.168.13.65; deny unknown-clients; } } }

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  • Xen hipervisor 4.1 Kernel Panic on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by rkmax
    I have a fresh Ubuntu 12.04.1 amd64 server install following this guide I have used LVM option used all disk and make 2 LV /dev/mapper/vg-root / (80GB) vg-swap swap (4GB) now i install xen with apt-get install xen-hypervisor-4.1-amd64 and config /etc/default/grub like the guide and add GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN_DEFAULT="dom0_mem=768M" later all this i exec update-grub and reboot. but when i try to boot with Xen 4.1-amd64 always i get a kernel panic with the message Domain-0 allocation is too small for kernel image my questions are: this error is about what? where i can grow this allocation for avoid this error? grub.cfg menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.2.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3541e241-7f39-4ebe-8d99-c5306294c266 echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder dom0_mem=768M echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-29-generic ...' module /vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic placeholder root=/dev/mapper/backup--xen-root ro rootdelay=180 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic } Note: I've followed this guide too

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  • Favorite tricks with linux kernel boot parameters?

    - by ~drpaulbrewer
    Most linux bootloaders let you edit the kernel boot command line before booting. There are often lots of parameters available -- Knoppix, for instance, has a list on their Knoppix Cheat Codes page -- but most are applicable only to compatibility and special situations. A few are hidden gems. Common usages of these codes are to boot to single-user mode, alter screen mode or drivers, or to specify an alternative root directory. Other more exotic uses are possible. Some linux distributions let you copy the boot cd into ram. Others (e.g., Ubuntu) let you use preseed files to clone installs when setting up multiple systems -- useful when installing a lab full of computers without having to baby sit each install. What other tricks have you found useful in system installs, repairs, backups, restores, establishing temporary servers, or other tasks? To add your favorite trick to the list: As much of the code for these options goes on either in initrd, or in a service handler that detects the kernel parameters, please list *(1) the kernel boot line parameter, (2) what it does, (3) the linux distribution and any required packages to activate the feature*. Thanks.

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  • Bootable GRUB partition

    - by MA1
    I have a customized live fedora 12 USB which is working fine. What i want to do is to make a partition of my hard disk bootable so that my customized fedora can be run from hard disk. To accomplish this i did the following steps: Created a primary partition(/dev/sda2) and format it as ext3 and set it as active. Copy all the files in the live usb to /dev/sda2. Following are the live usb contents(all directories): a. boot b. EFI c. LiveOS d. syslinux Then i installed the GRUB in boot/grub Created the grub.conf in boot/grub Following are the contents of each directory in the USB: syslinux/ boot.cat isolinux.bin splash.jpg vesamenu.c32 initrd0.img ldlinux.sys syslinux.cfg vmlinuz0 LiveOS/ livecd-iso-to-disk osmin.img squashfs.img EFI/ boot/ boot.conf grub.conf boot.efi bootia32.conf bootia32.efi splash.jpg splash.xpm.gz vesamenu.c32 initrd0.img isolinux.bin isolinux.cfg vmlinuz0 boot/grub/ core GRUB files grub.conf olpc.fth Following are contents of grub.conf default=0 splashimage=/EFI/boot/splash.xpm.gz timeout 2 hiddenmenu title funLinux kernel /EFI/boot/vmlinuz0 root=live:LABEL=myFun rootfstype=auto ro liveimg quiet ssb.blacklist=1 selinux=0 vga=normal nomodeset rhgb initrd /EFI/boot/initrd0.img Now when i try to boot from the hard disk it shows the grub menu and fedora starting to load but during loading it said No root device found Boot has failed, sleeping forever So, where is the problem? what i am doing wrong?

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  • CentOS 6.3 X86_64 RAM detection

    - by Peter
    I have a machine with 8GB ram (BIOS sees it, so my motherboard and CPU supports it), and I installed CentOS 6.3 on it. When it starts up, it only see 3.1GB. uname says: 2.6.32-279.1.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP BIOS-provided physical RAM map: BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable) BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved) BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved) BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000cf65f000 (usable) BIOS-e820: 00000000cf65f000 - 00000000cf6e8000 (ACPI NVS) BIOS-e820: 00000000cf6e8000 - 00000000cf6ec000 (usable) BIOS-e820: 00000000cf6ec000 - 00000000cf6ff000 (ACPI data) BIOS-e820: 00000000cf6ff000 - 00000000cf700000 (usable) dmesg | grep -i memory says: initial memory mapped : 0 - 20000000 init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-00000000cf700000 Reserving 129MB of memory at 48MB for crashkernel (System RAM: 3319MB) PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000000009f000 - 00000000000a0000 PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000a0000 - 00000000000e0000 PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000cf65f000 - 00000000cf6e8000 PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000cf6ec000 - 00000000cf6ff000 Memory: 3184828k/3398656k available (5152k kernel code, 1016k absent, 212812k reserved, 7166k data, 1260k init) please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups Initializing cgroup subsys memory Freeing initrd memory: 16136k freed Non-volatile memory driver v1.3 agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: detected 8192K stolen memory crash memory driver: version 1.1 Freeing unused kernel memory: 1260k freed Freeing unused kernel memory: 972k freed Freeing unused kernel memory: 1732k freed Update: Memtest see all the 8GB, and dmidecode -t 17 | grep Size too. But free -m still see only 3.1 GB. Question: How can I repair/modify the system, to see all the 8GB RAM? Thanks in advance!

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  • Xen 4.1.2 unable to boot

    - by Devator
    I have installed Xen 3.1.2 perfectly, and it's running fine. However since that version is way outdated I just updated it to 4.1.2 by adding the gitco repository and then yum update. It installed fine, modified my grub.conf to reflect the changes but then on a reboot, it simply doesn't come back online (I can't see what's going on, as it's a rented dedicated server). What are my options? Booting into rescue mode and using the older kernel works fine, it will come back up. But once I use the xen.gz-4.1.2kernel, it won't come back up anymore and I need to use the rescue image.. My /boot/grub/grub.confis as follows: title CentOS (2.6.18-308.1.1.el5xen) root (hd0,1) #kernel /xen.gz-2.6.18-308.1.1.el5 dom0_mem=1024M kernel /xen.gz-4.1.2 module /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.1.1.el5xen ro root=/dev/md1 module /initrd-2.6.18-308.1.1.el5xen.img When I uncomment the 3.1.2 kernel, it works fine, but booting with the 4.1.2 kernel fails and I have no idea what's going on. Hence my question: what are my options?

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  • Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs'......... need help!!!

    - by vikramtheone
    Hi Guys, I have a Ubuntu 9.04 Linux running on Freescale's i.MX515(ARM Cortex based) board with me. There were about 250 updates pending and I did that today, well some of the updates failed because of the infamous errors: E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. E: Couldn't rebuild package cache E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. So, when I do the 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' I get new errors related to FIS partition: Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' User postinst hook script [/usr/sbin/flash-kernel] exited with value 1 dpkg: error processing linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 (--configure): subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-imx51: linux-image-imx51 depends on linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51; however: Package linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-imx51: linux-imx51 depends on linux-image-imx51 (= 2.6.28.18.23); however: Package linux-image-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-18-imx51 Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' dpkg: subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Whats going wrong here, need help!!! I'm a newbie. Regards Vikram

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  • Ubuntu 64bit Xen DomU Issues after upgrade from Karmic to Lucid

    - by Shoaibi
    I was upgrading my servers today and it all went fine except the last machine which has the following issues: [Resolved using http://www.ndchost.com/wiki/server-administration/upgrade-ubuntu-pre-10.04#post-1004-upgradefinal-steps] No login prompt on console Done. Begin: Mounting root file system... ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... Done. [ 0.545705] blkfront: xvda: barriers enabled [ 0.546949] xvda: xvda1 [ 0.549961] blkfront: xvde: barriers enabled [ 0.550619] xvde: xvde1 xvde2 Begin: Running /scripts/local-premount ... Done. [ 0.870385] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds [ 0.870449] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Begin: Running /scripts/local-bottom ... Done. Done. Begin: Running /scripts/init-bottom ... Done. Also tried by pressing ENTER and CTRL+C many times, no use. Resolved: [/tmp was mounted as noexec, changing that fix it]: I get errors when i try to re-install udev in single user mode: Unpacking replacement udev ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up udev (151-12.1) ... udev start/running, process 1003 Removing `local diversion of /sbin/udevadm to /sbin/udevadm.upgrade' update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-25-server /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/fixrtc: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/ntfs_3g: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/resume: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/nfs-top/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/panic/console_setup: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/all_generic_ide: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/blacklist: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-bottom/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-bottom/ntfs_3g: Permission denied

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  • Kickstart CentOS 6 prompting for TCP/IP with network set to DHCP

    - by Andy Shinn
    I am trying to stop my kickstart CentOS install prompting me for TCP/IP information. After I click through this prompt (keeping IPv4 and IPv6 to their defaults) the installation continues and completes just fine. Below is my kickstart file: # Andy's super awesome VM kickstart file install url --url=http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us text %include /tmp/network.ks rootpw --iscrypted $6$RA8DyrNTsVJkGIgY$ohZ62HHiOjNnn1yDMZlIu3lQ63D3plGPcbVZtPKE8Oq6Z.IGUgN.kNLkxs/ZymZuluRDWsW2eey5zLOl2G3mp. firewall --service=ssh authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 selinux --disabled timezone America/Los_Angeles bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=vda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" # The following is the partition information you requested # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed # here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is # not guaranteed to work zerombr clearpart --all --drives=vda --initlabel part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500 part pv.253002 --grow --size=1 volgroup vg1 --pesize=4096 pv.253002 logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg1 --grow --size=1024 --maxsize=51200 logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=vg1 --grow --size=4032 --maxsize=4032 repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 --cost=100 repo --name="Puppet Labs Products" --baseurl=http://yum.puppetlabs.com/el/6/products/x86_64 repo --name="Puppet Labs Dependencies" --baseurl=http://yum.puppetlabs.com/el/6/dependencies/x86_64 repo --name="EyeFi" --baseurl=http://flexo.eye.fi/6/eye-fi-api %packages @core @server-policy puppet facter %end %pre --erroronfail #!/bin/bash for x in `cat /proc/cmdline`; do case $x in SERVERNAME*) eval $x echo "network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --hostname ${SERVERNAME}.eye.fi" /tmp/network.ks ;; esac; done %end %post puppet agent --waitforcert 10 --onetime --no-daemon --pluginsync --server puppet.eye.fi %end reboot My kernel arguments are in this following virt-install command that I use to start the install: virt-install -n zabbix -r 2048 --vcpus=2 -l http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 --disk /dev/vg_inf1/zabbix --network bridge=br85 --initrd-inject=/home/ashinn/vm_kickstart --extra-args "ks=file:/vm_kickstart SERVERNAME=zabbix" --autostart During the install, I can pull up a console on the second terminal and verify the contents of /tmp/network.ks are: network --onboot=yes --bootproto=dhcp --ipv6=auto --hostname=jenkins2.mydomain.com Why might Anaconda be prompting for the TCP/IP settings when they are already set to DHCP?

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  • Linux commands shows different results

    - by ClydeFrog
    I'm really having a hard time to process these results on my Ubuntu server. I have a major problem with my JBoss server where I get FileNotFoundExceptions along with "No space left on device" errors. And I thought "maybe I'm out of disk space", and used df command to figure out how much I have left: root@ubuntu1:/# df -h Filsystem Storlek Anvnt Tillg Anv% Monterat på /dev/mapper/ubuntu1-root 36G 13G 21G 38% / none 2,0G 192K 2,0G 1% /dev none 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /dev/shm none 2,0G 64K 2,0G 1% /var/run none 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /var/lock /dev/sda1 228M 23M 193M 11% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 79G 9,2G 66G 13% /data And as you can see, I have plenty of space left. And I also checked if I'm out of i-nodes: root@ubuntu1:/# df -i Filsystem Inoder IAnv IFria IAnv% Monterat på /dev/mapper/ubuntu1-root 2346512 61992 2284520 3% / none 505380 773 504607 1% /dev none 507383 1 507382 1% /dev/shm none 507383 30 507353 1% /var/run none 507383 2 507381 1% /var/lock /dev/sda1 124496 230 124266 1% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 10486784 233945 10252839 3% /data But then i used du: root@ubuntu1:/# du -s -h /* 7,5M /bin 23M /boot 19G /data 192K /dev 11G /eniro 5,3M /etc 112K /home 0 /initrd.img 183M /lib 0 /lib64 16K /lost+found 12K /media 4,0K /mnt 4,0K /opt du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/task/20452/fd/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/task/20452/fdinfo/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/fd/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/fdinfo/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte 0 /proc 18M /root 8,2M /sbin 4,0K /selinux 8,0K /srv 0 /sys 40K /tmp 691M /usr 1,2G /var 0 /vmlinuz Notice that /data and /eniro are 30G combined! How is it possible? Do I have a memory leak somewhere? Or is it something else? ----- EDIT 1 ----- Ok, I figured out that /data has its own mount so it's not possible to combine /data and /eniro because they aren't on the same mount. But how come it says 9,2G on the first command when it says 19G on the third on directory /data?

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  • trouble shooting ntfs-loop-xen combination in wubi based grub of Ubuntu

    - by Registered User
    Here is a situation I installed Ubuntu on a laptop using Wubi in Windows 7 drive.*The laptop is not mine.*I have installed and things worked by now perfectly without any problem.We are trying to set up a Xen (virtualization)environment in this laptop. After setting up every thing cleanly.When I needed to boot with following grub entries menuentry "Xen Linux 2.6.32.27" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,2)' loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) multiboot /boot/xen.gz module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.27 dummy=dummy root=/dev/sda2 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro console=tty0 module /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.27 } I got error file not found error unknown command 'multiboot' error unknown command 'module' error unknown command 'module' Now to dig this issue further I reboot the machine and go to grub command prompt and manually pass on each of the above parameters which you see in the grub entry when I reached grub> insmod multiboot then I got following message on screen error:file not found. It looks like this wubi+ grub setup has just enough modules to use loopback file on ntfs, but the ACTUAL /boot directory is on the loopback NOT ntfs (hd0,2). Therefore any attempt to read any files from (hd0,2) simply wont work, cause there's no file there.I need to use insmod multiboot and command multiboot and module which are available in grub on a normal install without Wubi.But since the laptop is not mine so I am not allowed to partition it and have to make it work in this situation only. While a normal Kernel is still booting? How can I get module multiboot in this Wubi based install.

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  • Windows recovery partition with GRUB2

    - by Actorclavilis
    So I recently got a new Toshiba laptop and installed Ubuntu 12.04 on it. Since it is a "Windows 7 Enabled" machine or some other proprietary nonsense like that, a few hardware features are designed only to work with W7. Eventually I found a way to enable these hardware functions by booting into the W7 recovery disc; however, they sporadically stop working. I'm moderately surprised that I was able to get anything to work at all, so I don't especially want to spend more time fixing the problems in a different fashion. Now I don't actually own the recovery disc; it's my father's. Since it's a pain to have to go asking for the disc every time the features stop working, I made an image of the disc and was hoping to make a 'recovery' partition like some computers have. However, unetbootin and GRUB2 both want a kernel and initrd to point to on startup, and something like set root=(hd0,1) loopback lo /w7r.iso set root=(lo) chainloader +1 in the spirit of the makeactive/ chainloader +1 commands that I used to use to dual-boot Linux and Windows simply gives me a file-not-found error. My question, therefore, is: Is it possible to, having written a Windows iso to a partition (such as with dd if=w7r.iso of=/dev/sda4) to a partition, convince GRUB2 to boot from it? Thanks in advance.

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  • "Can't find root filesystem / error mounting /dev/root" when booting to new kernel

    - by salparadise
    I am trying to upgrade my kernel from 2.6.18-274 to 2.6.39 for some wireless card drivers. When I boot into the new kernel I get the "Can't find root filesystem / error mounting /dev/root" googling led me to this page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Common_kernel_problems#Can.27t_find_root_filesystem_.2F_error_mounting_.2Fdev.2Froot From what I am reading seems to be an issue with a driver for my SATA controller or HD, but I can't find what option I need to add to the kernel. Doing a diff from the old initrd to the new one gives me the following: root-> diff /tmp/kafter /tmp/kbefore 6a7,8 > lib/dm-message.ko > lib/dm-region_hash.ko 8a11 > lib/dm-raid45.ko 13d15 < lib/dm-region-hash.ko 16a19 > lib/dm-mem-cache.ko Do I need any of those? not sure if I would need dm-raid45.ko as I am not running a raid. I have the same SATA and IDE options configured for both kernels so not sure what else to look for, any help is appreciated. Additionally here is the HW info: 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FW (ICH6/ICH6W) SATA Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 8f [Master SecP SecO PriP PriO]) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Unknown device 3006 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 233 I/O ports at 1818 [size=8] I/O ports at 1830 [size=4] I/O ports at 1820 [size=8] I/O ports at 1834 [size=4] I/O ports at 14f0 [size=16] Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2 root-> smartctl -a /dev/sda ... === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: WDC WD5000AADS-00S9B0

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  • Update in grub.cfg file for loading new kernel image in Ubuntu 11.04

    - by user1627657
    I am new to Linux. I am compiling Linux kernel (ver: 2.6.34.12) in gcc in traditional manner in VMware machine in Ubuntu (kernel version - 2.6.38-8-generic) 11.04 version. I am unable to find, where to update about newly compiled kernel in the grub.cfg file. I updated the newly created image version name in the existing image. Then VMware didn't able to load new kernel. I have searched in internet but I didn't find. So anyone can help me, to update in the grub.cfg and to successfully load new kernel. Few things about what I have done: Make bzImage to create image file. Make modules_install && make install to install modules and then sudo mkinitramfs -o initramfs.img-2.6.34 2.6.34. Then sudo gedit grub.cfg. In that at the mementry I updated the version of vmlinuz and initrd from 2.6.38-8 to 2.6.34.12. This is I have done.

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  • DRBD as a block device for XEN VM (Centos 5.3)

    - by SaberTooth
    Hi all, I have setup a drbd resource between 2 server nodes - everything works correctly when doing sync tests between the two. (I want to create a HA cluster using drbd,xen and heartbeat) However, when I try and create a XEN VM with Centos as guest operating system, I get through to the partitioning screen on the install but when I select a partitioning type the next screen gives me the following error : "An error has occurred - no valid devices were found on which to create new file systems. Please check your hardware for the cause of this problem." This is the first time attempting create a setup like this and searching Google does not help much... my config files for DRBD and XEN.... DRBD (just the section that is pertinent) on xennode0 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/sda5; address X.X.X.X:7788; flexible-meta-disk internal; } on xennode1 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/sda5; address X.X.X.X:7788; meta-disk internal; } XEN kernel = "/boot/xeninstall/vmlinuz" ramdisk = "/boot/xeninstall/initrd.img" extra = "text" name = "VM" maxmem = 3000 memory = 3000 vcpus = 4 on_poweroff = "destroy" on_reboot = "restart" on_crash = "restart" vfb = [ ] disk = [ "phy:/dev/drbd0,sda1,w", "tap:aio:/srv/xen/xenswap.img,sda2,w" ] vif = [ "mac=00:16:3e:11:67:ae,bridge=xenbr0" ] root = "/dev/sda1 ro" Thanks in advance!

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  • NetworkManager Applet shows no networks

    - by Kkelk
    I am "the friend" referred to in the questions here and here. I decided to come and ask a question myself, as I can still not connect to the wireless network. I downloaded Keryx, as suggested here, and managed to download the necessary package and its dependencies. When I attempted to install the packages on Ubuntu using Keryx, Keryx just closed. Following this, I installed the packages manually using dpkg, and as far as I can tell, this was successful: kieran@ubuntu:~$ cd /host/wifi/Keryx/keryx/projects/Kieran/packages kieran@ubuntu:/host/wifi/Keryx/keryx/projects/Kieran/packages$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb [sudo] password for kieran: Selecting previously deselected package bcmwl-kernel-source. (Reading database ... 118296 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking bcmwl-kernel-source (from bcmwl-kernel-source_5.60.48.36+bdcom-0ubuntu5_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package dkms. Unpacking dkms (from dkms_2.1.1.2-3ubuntu1.1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package fakeroot. Unpacking fakeroot (from fakeroot_1.14.4-1ubuntu1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package linux-image. Unpacking linux-image (from linux-image_2.6.35.22.23_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package menu. Unpacking menu (from menu_2.1.44ubuntu1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package patch. Unpacking patch (from patch_2.6-2ubuntu1_i386.deb) ... Setting up fakeroot (1.14.4-1ubuntu1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/fakeroot-sysv to provide /usr/bin/fakeroot (fakeroot) in auto mode. Setting up linux-image (2.6.35.22.23) ... Setting up menu (2.1.44ubuntu1) ... Setting up patch (2.6-2ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up dkms (2.1.1.2-3ubuntu1.1) ... Setting up bcmwl-kernel-source (5.60.48.36+bdcom-0ubuntu5) ... Loading new bcmwl-5.60.48.36+bdcom DKMS files... First Installation: checking all kernels... Building only for 2.6.35-22-generic Building for architecture i686 Building initial module for 2.6.35-22-generic Done. wl.ko: Running module version sanity check. - Original module - No original module exists within this kernel - Installation - Installing to /lib/modules/2.6.35-22-generic/updates/dkms/ depmod..... DKMS: install Completed. update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for install-info ... Processing triggers for doc-base ... Processing 31 changed 1 added doc-base file(s)... Registering documents with scrollkeeper... Processing triggers for menu ... Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic Warning: No support for locale: en_GB.utf8 After rebooting, however, there were still no wireless networks in the NetworkManager Applet list. I opened the file /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state, and both NetworkEnabled and WirelessEnabled were set to True. While i'm very concious I may be asking a stupid question here, both my friend and I have nothing left to suggest, and as such - I would be very grateful for any answers as to how to get wireless working.

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  • Booting the liveCD/USB in EFI mode fails on Samsung Tablet XE700T1A

    - by F.L.
    My tablet is Samsung Series 7 Slate (XE700T1A-A02FR (French Language)). It operates an Intel Sandy Bridge architecture. The main issue about this tablet is that it ships with an installed Windows 7 in (U)EFI mode (GPT partition table, etc.), so I'd like to get an EFI dual boot with Ubuntu. But it seems I can't boot on the liveCD in EFI mode. It starts loading (up to initrd), but I then get a blank (black) screen. I've tried the nomodeset kernel option (as well as removing quiet and splash) with no luck. [2012-09-27] I have used the Ubuntu 12.04.1 Desktop ISO (I have read somewhere that it is the only one that can boot in EFI mode). I'd say this has something to do with UEFI since the LiveCD boots in bios mode but not in efi mode. Besides, I am not sure my boot info will help, since I can't boot the LiveCD in EFI mode. As a result I can't install ubuntu in EFI mode. So it would be the boot info from the liveCD boot in bios mode. This happens on a ubuntu-12.04.1-desktop-amd64 iso used on a LiveUSB. Live USB was created by dd'ing the iso onto the full disk device (i.e. /dev/sdx no number) of the Flash drive. I have also tried copying the LiveCD files on a primary GPT partition, but with no luck, I just get the grub shell, no menu, no install option. [2012-09-28] I tried today a flash drive created with Ubuntu's Startup Disk Creator and the alternate 12.04.1 64 bit ISO. I get a grub menu in text mode (which meens it did start in efi mode) with install options / test options. But when I start any of these, I simply get a black screen (no cursor, neither mouse nor text-mode cursor). I tried removing the 'quiet' option and adding nomodeset and acpi=off, but it didn't do any good. So this is the same result as for the LiveCD. [2012-10-01] I have tried with a version of the secure remix version via usb-creator-gtk. The boot on the USB key has the same symptoms. Boot in EFI mode is impossible (I have menu but whatever entry I choose, I get the blank screen problem). The boot in BIOS mode works, I did the install. Then I used boot-repair to try installing grub-efi and get a system that would boot in efi mode. But I can't boot this system, because the EFI firmware doesn't seem to detect that sda contains a valid efi partition. Here is the resulting boot-info Boot info 1253554 [2012-10-01] Today, I have reinstalled the pre-shipped version of windows 7, and then installed ubuntu from a secure-remix iso dumped on USB flash drive vie usb-creator-gtk booted in BIOS mode. When install ended, I said "continue testing" then I used boot-repair to try get the bootloader installed. Now, when I boot the tablet, I get the grub menu, it can chainload windows 7 flawlessly. But when I try to start one of the ubuntu options I get the same old blank screen. Here is the new boot-info: Boot info 1253927 [2012-10-01] I tried installing the 3.3 kernel by chrooting a live usb boot (secure remix again) into the installed system. Same symptoms. I feel the key to this is that the device's efi firmware (which is EFI v2.0) would expose the graphics hardware in a way that prevents the kernel to initialize it, and thus prevents it from booting (the kernel stops all drive access just after the screen turns kind of very dark purple). Here is some info on the UEFI firmware as given by rEFInd: EFI revision: 2.00 Platform: x86_64 (64 bit) Firmware: American Megatrends 4.635 Screen Output: Graphics Output (UEFI), 800x600 [2012-10-08] This week end I tried loading the kernel with elilo. Eventhough I didn't have more luck on booting the kernel, elilo gives more info when loading the kernel. I think the next step is trying to load a kernel with EFI stub directly.

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  • No Wireless Networks, BCM4313 [duplicate]

    - by TalonPlz
    This question already has an answer here: How to Install Broadcom Wireless Drivers (BCM43xx) 38 answers Just bought this little Asus 10 inch laptop that came with Ubuntu 12.04. Everything at my home was fine: Wireless identified and connected. As soon as I went to my girlfriend's house the trouble started. I couldn't connect to wireless (authentication... times out and asks for authentication) I started doing internet searching, tried a few solutions posted on line using terminal commands. No solutions. I decided to upgraded to 12.10-13.04 and that left me with a worse problem: I can no longer see ANY networks what so ever. Wireless card is ON, with out a doubt. Wired connection works. I have been fumbling with driver versions to no .avail, and have no idea which driver I am currently running I have a vague idea of what terminal lines to run: lshw: resources: irq:17 memory:f7d00000-f7dfffff *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth2 version: 01 serial: dc:85:de:56:c4:ea width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.20.155.1 (r326264) latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:17 memory:f7d00000-f7d03fff iwconfig: eth1 no wireless extensions. eth2 IEEE 802.11abg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off lo no wireless extensions. I am new and excited to start my Ubuntu and Linux life and this is only the first of my few hic cups i am sure! :) Thanks all UPDATE: Report from 2nd answer talon@Black1015E:~$ sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source [sudo] password for talon: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package 'bcmwl-kernel-source' is not installed, so not removed 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. talon@Black1015E:~$ wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb --2013-10-22 18:50:32-- http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb Resolving us.archive.ubuntu.com (us.archive.ubuntu.com)... 2001:67c:1562::15, 2001:67c:1562::13, 2001:67c:1562::14, ... Connecting to us.archive.ubuntu.com (us.archive.ubuntu.com)|2001:67c:1562::15|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1181334 (1.1M) [application/x-debian-package] Saving to: ‘bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb’ 100%[======================================>] 1,181,334 3.37MB/s in 0.3s 2013-10-22 18:50:33 (3.37 MB/s) - ‘bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb’ saved [1181334/1181334] talon@Black1015E:~$ arvh No command 'arvh' found, did you mean: Command 'arch' from package 'coreutils' (main) arvh: command not found talon@Black1015E:~$ arch x86_64 talon@Black1015E:~$ sudo dpkg -i bcmwl*.deb Selecting previously unselected package bcmwl-kernel-source. (Reading database ... 171895 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking bcmwl-kernel-source (from bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb) ... Setting up bcmwl-kernel-source (5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3) ... Loading new bcmwl-5.100.82.112+bdcom DKMS files... First Installation: checking all kernels... Building only for 3.8.0-32-generic Building for architecture x86_64 Building initial module for 3.8.0-32-generic Done. wl: Running module version sanity check. - Original module - No original module exists within this kernel - Installation - Installing to /lib/modules/3.8.0-32-generic/updates/dkms/ depmod........ DKMS: install completed. Error: Module b43 is not currently loaded Error: Module b43legacy is not currently loaded Error: Module ssb is not currently loaded Error: Module bcm43xx is not currently loaded Error: Module brcm80211 is not currently loaded Error: Module brcmfmac is not currently loaded update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-32-generic rebooting now

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  • Why won't my Broadcom BCM4312 LP-PHY work with the STA driver?

    - by Jackson Taylor
    I tried the steps here for a 4312: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/Driver/bcm43xx Both of these: sudo modprobe -r b43 ssb wl sudo modprobe wl return: FATAL: Module wl not found. FATAL: Error running install command for wl (this one is only for the second one actually) I tried the broadcom-sta, didn't work. What's confusing is down below in the next steps for STA with internet access it says to use the bcmwl one. So I install that and it succeeds but with some errors: sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: module-assistant Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove it. The following NEW packages will be installed: bcmwl-kernel-source 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/1,181 kB of archives. After this operation, 3,609 kB of additional disk space will be used. Selecting previously unselected package bcmwl-kernel-source. (Reading database ... 168005 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking bcmwl-kernel-source (from .../bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb) ... Setting up bcmwl-kernel-source (5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3) ... Loading new bcmwl-5.100.82.112+bdcom DKMS files... Building only for 3.5.0-21-generic Building for architecture x86_64 Module build for the currently running kernel was skipped since the kernel source for this kernel does not seem to be installed. ERROR: Module b43 does not exist in /proc/modules ERROR: Module b43legacy does not exist in /proc/modules ERROR: Module ssb does not exist in /proc/modules ERROR: Module bcm43xx does not exist in /proc/modules ERROR: Module brcm80211 does not exist in /proc/modules ERROR: Module brcmfmac does not exist in /proc/modules ERROR: Module brcmsmac does not exist in /proc/modules ERROR: Module bcma does not exist in /proc/modules FATAL: Module wl not found. FATAL: Error running install command for wl update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-21-generic jtaylor991@jtaylor991-whiteHP:~$ sudo modprobe wl FATAL: Module wl not found. FATAL: Error running install command for wl Then I do the modprobe wl commands listed above and it gives the above listed errors. It didn't work with the broadcom-sta driver either. I installed the b43 ones but nothing happened, and I don't know why so those are still installed. firmware-b43legacy-installer, b43-fwcutter and firmware-b43-lpphy-installer (yes it is a LP-PHY) are currently installed. If I go into System Settings Software Sources Additional Drivers it says "Using Broadcom 802.11 Linux STA wireless driver source from bcmwl-kernel-source (proprietary) But bcmwl-kernel-source isn't installed. I could try again but I remember rebooting and it still said this. What's funny is it found wireless networks during the Ubuntu setup/installation, I don't remember if I got it to connect or not though. I think it kept asking for a password when I put it in (yes it was right I showed password and looked at it) so I just ignored it. But right now the Enable Wireless option in the top right is just gone, it's just Enable Networking and I'm on ethernet on this HP Pavilion dv4-1435dx right here. If I run rfkill list it shows: 0: hp-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no It was hard blocked at the beginning but unblocking it makes no change. Also it's a touch sensitive button, and it appears to be always orange no matter if it's enabled or not because when I touch it the hard blocked changes between yes and no in rfkill list. I think it was blue for a minute at one point. What is going on?!?! Help me! Lol, thanks for any and all of your time guys. Oh yeah this is Ubuntu 12.10 fresh install.

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  • Cannot get ATI Drivers installed

    - by bittoast67
    I am trying to install the Catalyst driver. The best I can get is a strange resolution problem and firefox acts all wonkt. The worst I have gotten is low graphics mode in which I just reinstall Ubuntu. I have a HP Pavilion Dv7 laptop. With Radeon 3200 HD. I plan to try again with a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.4.3 as I have heard its the most compatible. This is what I have done: I have tried just the easy way of going to synaptic and installing the drivers that way. the fglrx package (not the fglrx update). And if memory serves I think that boots me into low graphics mode. So, fresh install of Ubuntu and tried again. I have done everything a couple times from this site (http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Precise_Installation_Guide) following every instruction to a T. That gets me something, such as a lowered fan speed and a much cooler computer, but I also lose most of my resolution. And displays says its the best resolution I can get. I also have a very screwy firefox. Using this method I can see AMD Catalyst Control Center in my dash (two of them really one administrator and one not) but when I try to open it it says no amd driver detected. So again, ubuntu reinstall. I have tried the GUI method from the Legacy driver I got from AMD's site. It runs through smoothly and at the very end after I exit the installer it gives me an error. I have also tried various other methods using terminal, as well as various different drivers (the one from the amd's site and the one suggested in the above link for my graphics card) both to no avail. When I try the method in the link on number 2, and I get the super low res and screwy fire fox. I type in, fglrxinfo ,and get a badrequest error. I have yet to type in fglrxinfo and get anything like what I am supposed to. UPDATE: I am now currently reinstalling Ubuntu 12.4. I tried the above mentioned link - thank you very much!- just to see on the previously failed driver attempt by following the purge commands. And to no avail when typing fglrxinfo I still get the badrequest thing. I will update again after a try with a true fresh install. Thanks again!! UPDATE: Alright everyone. Still no go. I have done everything word per word in the provided tutorial. I have rebooted my computer again to a fucked up resolution and this is what I get when typing fglrxinfo: $ fglrxinfo X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation) Major opcode of failed request: 153 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString) Serial number of failed request: 12 Current serial number in output stream: 12 I would like to add that when installing this file: fglrx_8.970-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb I got this: Building initial module for 3.8.0-29-generic Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/fglrx/8.970/build/make.log for more information. update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-29-generic Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Any ideas? Anyone? I cant for the life of me figure out what I am doing wrong.

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  • How should I configure grub for booting linux kernel from a USB hard drive?

    - by skolima
    I have a laptop hard drive in an external enclosure which I use as a large pendrive. For an added twist, I have installed Linux on it, so I can boot any machine with my distribution of choice (e.g. for data recovery or repairing a b0rked system or just using a borrowed laptop without destroying the preinstalled Windows). The problem is that, depending on the hardware configuration, the USB hard drive may be visible under different paths. For grub configuration I just use (hda0,0) as it is relative to the device the grub was launched from. I have UUID entries in /etc/fstab. I also specify rootwait in the kernel parameters so that it waits for the USB subsystem to settle down before trying to mount the device. What should I pass to the kernel as root= ? Currently boot from the pendrive once, check the debug messages to see what /dev/sdX device has been assigned to the USB drive by the kernel, then reboot and edit the grub configuration. I can't change anything on the PC besides enabling Boot from USB hard drive in BIOS and setting it to higher priority than internal hard drives. There are various initrd generating scripts which include support for UUID in root device path, unfortunately the Gentoo native one (genkernel) does not support rootwait and I had no luck trying to use others. The boot process goes like this (it is quite similar in Windows): The BIOS chooses the boot device and loads whatever is its MBR (which happens to be grub stage-1). Grub loads it's configuration and stage-2 files from device it has set as root, using (hd0) for the device it was loaded from by BIOS. Grub loads and starts a kernel (still the same numbering, so I can use (hd0,0) again ). Kernel initializes all built-in devices (rootwait does it's magic now). Kernel mounts the partition it was passed as root (this is a kernel parameter, not grub parameter). init.d starts the userland booting process, including mounting things from /etc/fstab. Part 5 is the one giving me problems.

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  • Best available technology for layered disk cache in linux

    - by SpliFF
    I've just bought a 6-core Phenom with 16G of RAM. I use it primarily for compiling and video encoding (and occassional web/db). I'm finding all activities get disk-bound and I just can't keep all 6 cores fed. I'm buying an SSD raid to sit between the HDD and tmpfs. I want to setup a "layered" filesystem where reads are cached on tmpfs but writes safely go through to the SSD. I want files (or blocks) that haven't been read lately on the SSD to then be written back to a HDD using a compressed FS or block layer. So basically reads: - Check tmpfs - Check SSD - Check HD And writes: - Straight to SSD (for safety), then tmpfs (for speed) And periodically, or when space gets low: - Move least frequently accessed files down one layer. I've seen a few projects of interest. CacheFS, cachefsd, bcache seem pretty close but I'm having trouble determining which are practical. bcache seems a little risky (early adoption), cachefs seems tied to specific network filesystems. There are "union" projects unionfs and aufs that let you mount filesystems over each other (USB device over a DVD usually) but both are distributed as a patch and I get the impression this sort of "transparent" mounting was going to become a kernel feature rather than a FS. I know the kernel has a built-in disk cache but it doesn't seem to work well with compiling. I see a 20x speed improvement when I move my source files to tmpfs. I think it's because the standard buffers are dedicated to a specific process and compiling creates and destroys thousands of processes during a build (just guessing there). It looks like I really want those files precached. I've read tmpfs can use virtual memory. In that case is it practical to create a giant tmpfs with swap on the SSD? I don't need to boot off the resulting layered filesystem. I can load grub, kernel and initrd from elsewhere if needed. So that's the background. The question has several components I guess: Recommended FS and/or block layer for the SSD and compressed HDD. Recommended mkfs parameters (block size, options etc...) Recommended cache/mount technology to bind the layers transparently Required mount parameters Required kernel options / patches, etc..

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  • Linux boot on a raid1 software raid ?

    - by azera
    Hello I am trying to convert my single disk boot to a raid1 boot So far here is what i have: I sucessfully create the raid 1 as degraded with the new drive alone, I copied all the data on it I can mount that raid 1, see its files etc I already have a raid5 that is working on the same box (although not booting on it) I have installed grub on both drive When grub boot, it loads the kernel alright, but during the kernel boot it fails to load the "root block device" The kernel tells me : 1 - detected that root device is an md device 2 - determining root devices 3 - mounting root 4 - mounting /dev/md125 on /newroot failed: input/output error. Please enter another root device: ... At this point, if I enter /dev/sda3 (my "old" root device that isn't converted to raid yet) everything boots fine without the root. The /dev/md125 device is indeed created but it seems to be created after the error happens, as in it creates it after loading the device, when mdadm is loaded. Somehow it looks like it can't/doesn't load the raid array before it needs to mount it, and I don't know how I can solve that. My config files (taken from the system once it boots with sda3 as root device): $ cat /etc/mdadm.conf ARRAY /dev/md/md0-r5 metadata=0.90 UUID=1a118934:c831bdb3:64188b84:66721085 ARRAY /dev/md125 metadata=0.90 UUID=48ec4190:a80d4dde:64188b84:66721085 $ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid0] [raid10] md125 : active raid1 sdc3[1] 477853312 blocks [2/1] [_U] md127 : active raid5 sdd[0] sdf[3] sdb[2] sde[1] 4395415488 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> $ cat /boot/grub/menu.lst default 0 timeout 8 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz title Gentoo Linux 2.6.31-r10 root (hd0,0) #kernel /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86_64-2.6.31-gentoo-r10 root=/dev/ram0 real_root=/dev/sda3 kernel /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86_64-2.6.31-gentoo-r10 root=/dev/md125 md=125,/dev/sdc3,/dev/sda3 initrd /boot/initramfs-genkernel-x86_64-2.6.31-gentoo-r10 # blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="89fee223-b845-4e0a-8a0b-e6cf695d5bcf" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda2: UUID="a72296a8-d7d4-447f-a34b-ee920fd1a767" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: UUID="97eb0a6a-c385-4a9d-bf74-c0bab1fa4dc1" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdb: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sdc1: UUID="d36537fd-19a0-b8a3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sdd: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sde: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/md127: UUID="13a41589-4cf1-4c04-91ca-37484182c783" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdf: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sdc2: UUID="a1916397-1b48-45d7-9f98-73aa521e882f" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdc3: UUID="48ec4190-a80d-4dde-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/md125: UUID="c947ed64-1d4d-4d1d-b4d2-24669fff916e" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" # mdadm -E mdadm: No devices to examine # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe975e9fc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 5 40131 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6 1311 10490445 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 1312 60801 477853425 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe975e9fc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 5 40131 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 6 1311 10490445 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc3 1312 60801 477853425 83 Linux Disk /dev/md125: 489.3 GB, 489321791488 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 119463328 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md125 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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