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  • Games development with a game loop that's abstracted away

    - by Davy8
    Most game development happens with a main game loop. Are there any good articles/blog posts/discussions about games without a game loop? I imagine they'd mostly be web games, but I'd be interested in hearing otherwise. (As a side note, I think it's really interesting that the concept is almost exclusively used in gaming as far as I'm aware, perhaps that may be another question.) Edit: I realize there's probably a redraw loop somewhere. I guess what I really mean is a loop that is hidden to you. Frames are something you as the developer are not concerned with as you're working on a higher level of abstraction. E.g. someLootItem.moveTo(inventory, someAnimatationType) and that will move from the loot box to your inventory using the specified animation type without the game developer having to worry about the implementation details of that animation. Maybe that's how "real" games end up working, but from reading most tutorials they seem to imply a much more granular level of control is used, but that might just be an artifact of being a tutorial. Edit2: I think most people are misunderstanding what I'm trying to ask, likely because I'm having trouble describing exactly what I'm trying to ask. After some more thinking perhaps what I'm referring to is more along the lines of what I believe is referred to as "scripting" where you're working at a very high level and having some game engine take care of the low level details. For example, take custom maps in Starcraft II or Warcraft III. Many of the "maps" have gameplay that deviates enough from the primary game that they could be considered a separate game written on the same engine. What I'm referring to then is along those lines. I may be wrong because I only dabbed in the Warcraft III editor, but as far as I remember no where in the map editor do you control the game loop, and yet you can create many different games out of it. In my mind, these are games in their own right. If you're playing DotA you don't say you're playing Warcraft III, you say you're playing DotA because that's the actual game you're playing. Such a system may impose limitations that don't exist if you're creating a game from scratch, but it greatly reduces development time because much of the "hard" work has already been done for you. Hopefully that clarifies what I'm asking. Another example of what is I mean, is when you write a web app, of course it communicates through sockets and TCP. But does the average web developer doesn't explicitly write code for connecting sockets. They just need to know about receiving a request and sending a response. There are unique scenarios where you do occasionally need to use raw sockets, but it's generally rare in web development. In a similar fashion, it's very possible to write a game without directly using the game loop, even though one is used behind the scenes. Probably not a AAA title, but there must be hundreds of smaller scale games that can and possibly are written this way. Are there any good resources on writing these "simpler" games?

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  • How can I loop through posts as well as child pages to display them all by date in Wordpress 2.9

    - by Craig Dennis
    Some background info -- In wordpress I have my portfolio as a parent page with each item of work a child page. I also have a blog. I want to display the most recent 6 items on the homepage whether they are from my portfolio or my blog. I have a loop that displays the posts and on another page I have a loop that displays the child pages of a specific parent page. I only need to display the_title and the_post_thumbnail. Is it possible to loop through both the posts and the child pages and display them in order of date (recent first). So the final display would be a mixture of posts and child pages. Could it be done by having a separate loop for pages and one for posts, then somehow adding the results to an array and then pull them out in date order (recent first). Any help would be greatful. Thanks

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  • How do I make this nested for loop, testing sums of cubes, more efficient?

    - by Brian J. Fink
    I'm trying to iterate through all the combinations of pairs of positive long integers in Java and testing the sum of their cubes to discover if it's a Fibonacci number. I'm currently doing this by using the value of the outer loop variable as the inner loop's upper limit, with the effect being that the outer loop runs a little slower each time. Initially it appeared to run very quickly--I was up to 10 digits within minutes. But now after 2 full days of continuous execution, I'm only somewhere in the middle range of 15 digits. At this rate it may end up taking a whole year just to finish running this program. The code for the program is below: import java.lang.*; import java.math.*; public class FindFib { public static void main(String args[]) { long uLimit=9223372036854775807L; //long maximum value BigDecimal PHI=new BigDecimal(1D+Math.sqrt(5D)/2D); //Golden Ratio for(long a=1;a<=uLimit;a++) //Outer Loop, 1 to maximum for(long b=1;b<=a;b++) //Inner Loop, 1 to current outer { //Cube the numbers and add BigDecimal c=BigDecimal.valueOf(a).pow(3).add(BigDecimal.valueOf(b).pow(3)); System.out.print(c+" "); //Output result //Upper and lower limits of interval for Mobius test: [c*PHI-1/c,c*PHI+1/c] BigDecimal d=c.multiply(PHI).subtract(BigDecimal.ONE.divide(c,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP)), e=c.multiply(PHI).add(BigDecimal.ONE.divide(c,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP)); //Mobius test: if integer in interval (floor values unequal) Fibonacci number! if (d.toBigInteger().compareTo(e.toBigInteger())!=0) System.out.println(); //Line feed else System.out.print("\r"); //Carriage return instead } //Display final message System.out.println("\rDone. "); } } Now the use of BigDecimal and BigInteger was delibrate; I need them to get the necessary precision. Is there anything other than my variable types that I could change to gain better efficiency?

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  • Inspiration and influence of the else clause of loop statements in Python?

    - by Aristide
    Python offers an optional else clause in loop statements, which is executed if and only if the loop is not terminated by a break. For an interesting discussion about this neglected commodity, see this question. Here, I just wanted to know: if the very concept of this loop-else construct originates from another language (either theoretical or actually implemented), conversely, if it was taken up in any newer language. May be I should ask the former to Guido, but he surely is a too busy guy for such a futile inquiry. ;-)

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  • Is an event loop just a for/while loop with optimized polling?

    - by Alan
    I'm trying to understand what an event loop is. Often the explanation is that in the event loop, you do something until you're notified that an event occurred. You than handle the event and continue doing what you did before. To map the above definition with an example. I have a server which 'listens' in a event loop, and when a socket connection is detected, the data from it gets read and displayed, after which the server goes to the listening it did before. However, this event happening and us getting notified 'just like that' are to much for me to handle. You can say: "It's not 'just like that' you have to register an event listener". But what's an event listener but a function which for some reason isn't returning. Is it in it's own loop, waiting to be notified when an event happens? Should the event listener also register an event listener? Where does it end? Events are a nice abstraction to work with, however just an abstraction. I believe that in the end, polling is unavoidable. Perhaps we are not doing it in our code, but the lower levels (the programming language implementation or the OS) are doing it for us. It basically comes down to the following pseudo code which is running somewhere low enough so it doesn't result in busy waiting: while(True): do stuff check if event has happened (poll) do other stuff This is my understanding of the whole idea, and i would like to hear if this is correct. I am open in accepting that the whole idea is fundamentally wrong, in which case I would like the correct explanation. Best regards

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  • Games without a(n explicit) game loop

    - by Davy8
    Most game development happens with a main game loop. Are there any good articles/blog posts/discussions about games without a game loop? I imagine they'd mostly be web games, but I'd be interested in hearing otherwise. (As a side note, I think it's really interesting that the concept is almost exclusively used in gaming as far as I'm aware, perhaps that may be another question.) Edit: I realize there's probably a redraw loop somewhere. I guess what I really mean is a loop that is hidden to you. Frames are something you as the developer are not concerned with as you're working on a higher level of abstraction. E.g. someLootItem.moveTo(inventory, someAnimatationType) and that will move from the loot box to your inventory using the specified animation type without the game developer having to worry about the implementation details of that animation. Maybe that's how "real" games end up working, but from reading most tutorials they seem to imply a much more granular level of control is used, but that might just be an artifact of being a tutorial.

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  • A good way to build a game loop in OpenGL

    - by Jeff
    I'm currently beginning to learn OpenGL at school, and I've started making a simple game the other day (on my own, not for school). I'm using freeglut, and am building it in C, so for my game loop I had really just been using a function I made passed to glutIdleFunc to update all the drawing and physics in one pass. This was fine for simple animations that I didn't care too much about the frame rate, but since the game is mostly physics based, I really want to (need to) tie down how fast it's updating. So my first attempt was to have my function I pass to glutIdleFunc (myIdle()) to keep track of how much time has passed since the previous call to it, and update the physics (and currently graphics) every so many milliseconds. I used timeGetTime() to do this (by using <windows.h>). And this got me to thinking, is using the idle function really a good way of going about the game loop? My question is, what is a better way to implement the game loop in OpenGL? Should I avoid using the idle function?

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  • How to find source of 301/302 redirect loop? Heroku GoDaddy Zerigo

    - by user179288
    this should be a relatively simple problem but I'm having trouble.I hope this is the right forum to post on as I've seen people get booted off stack-overflow for this sort of thing. I've setup a web app on heroku (cedar stack) at my-web-app.herokuapp.com and I'm trying to direct my-domain.com and www.my-domain.com to it. As per instructions on the heroku documentation, I've set my-domain.com to redirect (forwarding) to www.my-domain.com and then set a C-Name from www.my-domain.com to my-web-app.herokuapp.com. But the C-Name doesn't seem to be working right and is sending back to my-domain.com, causing a loop and I can't work out why. I first configured these setting at GoDaddy.com where I registered the domain but then tried to avoid the problem by using Heroku's Zerigo DNS add-on, setting the nameservers on GoDaddy to the ones given for Zerigo. However the problem remains. Here is the output from dig for my-domain.com ("drop-circles.com"): ; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> any drop-circles.com ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 671 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 5 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;drop-circles.com. IN ANY ;; ANSWER SECTION: drop-circles.com. 433 IN NS b.ns.zerigo.net. drop-circles.com. 433 IN NS d.ns.zerigo.net. drop-circles.com. 433 IN NS e.ns.zerigo.net. drop-circles.com. 433 IN NS a.ns.zerigo.net. drop-circles.com. 433 IN NS c.ns.zerigo.net. drop-circles.com. 433 IN SOA a.ns.zerigo.net. hostmaster.zerigo.com. 1372250760 10800 3600 604800 900 drop-circles.com. 433 IN A 64.27.57.29 drop-circles.com. 433 IN A 64.27.57.24 ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: d.ns.zerigo.net. 68935 IN A 174.36.24.250 e.ns.zerigo.net. 69015 IN A 72.26.219.150 a.ns.zerigo.net. 72602 IN A 64.27.57.11 c.ns.zerigo.net. 69204 IN A 109.74.192.232 b.ns.zerigo.net. 70549 IN A 174.37.229.229 ;; Query time: 15 msec ;; SERVER: 194.168.4.100#53(194.168.4.100) ;; WHEN: Wed Jun 26 14:29:07 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 293 Here is the output from dig for www.my-domain.com ("www.drop-circles.com"): ; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> any www.drop-circles.com ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 1608 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.drop-circles.com. IN ANY ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.drop-circles.com. 407 IN CNAME drop-circles-website.herokuapp.com. ;; Query time: 19 msec ;; SERVER: 194.168.4.100#53(194.168.4.100) ;; WHEN: Wed Jun 26 14:29:15 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 83 And from Fiddler if I use the inspector when I try either address I get a series of requests, with the my-domain.com ("drop-circles.com") looking like this: Request: GET http://drop-circles.com/ HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */* Accept-Language: en-gb User-Agent: Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; Edition IBIS; Trident/5.0) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: Keep-Alive Host: drop-circles.com Response: HTTP/1.1 302 Found Server: nginx/0.8.54 Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2013 13:26:55 GMT Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8 Connection: keep-alive Status: 302 Found Location: http://www.drop-circles.com/ Content-Length: 113 <html><body>Redirecting to <a href="http://www.drop-circles.com/">http://www.drop-circles.com/</a></body></html> And the www.my-domain.com ("www.drop-circles.com") looking like this: Request: GET http://www.drop-circles.com/ HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */* Accept-Language: en-gb User-Agent: Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; Edition IBIS; Trident/5.0) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: Keep-Alive Host: www.drop-circles.com Response: HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Content-Type: text/html Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2013 13:26:56 GMT Location: http://drop-circles.com/ Vary: Accept X-Powered-By: Express Content-Length: 104 Connection: keep-alive <p>Moved Permanently. Redirecting to <a href="http://drop-circles.com/">http://drop-circles.com/</a></p> Any and all help would be greatly appreciated. If it is not at all obvious from these readouts what it might be could someone at least tell me which company GoDaddy, Zerigo or Heroku should I go to for support since I don't really know enough to be able to say where the problem lies. Thank you.

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  • What is the full "for" loop syntax in C (and others in case they are compatible) ?

    - by fmsf
    I have seen some very weird for loops when reading other people's code. I have been trying to search for a full syntax explanation for the for loop in C but it is very hard because the word "for" appears in unrelated sentences making the search almost impossible to Google effectively. This question came to my mind after reading this thread which made me curious again. The for here: for(p=0;p+=(a&1)*b,a!=1;a>>=1,b<<=1); In the middle condition there is a comma separating the two pieces of code, what does this comma do? The comma on the right side I understand as it makes both a>>=1 and b<<=1. But within a loop exit condition, what happens? Does it exit when p==0, when a==1 or when both happen? It would be great if anyone could help me understand this and maybe point me in the direction of a full for loop syntax description.

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  • ASP.NET 3.5 Loop Control Structures Using Visual Basic

    Loop statements are one of the most important control structures in any programming language. Control structures are used to control or alter the flow of the program depending on a given situation. This article acquaints you with the most important loop statements and how to use them when developing ASP.NET web applications.... Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Simplify Administration and Deployment of Messaging - Free Download.

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  • Physics Loop in a NodeJS/Socket.IO Environment

    - by Thomas Mosey
    I'm developing a 2D HTML5 Canvas Game, and I am trying to think of the most efficient way to implement a Physics Loop on the server-end of things, running NodeJS and Socket.IO. The only method I've thought of is using setTimeout/Interval, is there any better way? Any examples would be appreciated. EDIT: The Game is a top-down Game, like Zelda and older Pokemon Games. Most of the physics done in the loop will be simple intersects.

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  • Frameskipping in Android gameloop causing choppy sprites (Open GL ES 2.0)

    - by user22241
    I have written a simple 2d platform game for Android and am wondering how one deals with frame-skipping? Are there any alternatives? Let me explain further. So, my game loop allows for the rendering to be skipped if game updates and rendering do not fit into my fixed time-slice (16.667ms). This allows my game to run at identically perceived speeds on different devices. And this works great, things do run at the same speed. However, when the gameloop skips a render call for even one frame, the sprite glitches. And thinking about it, why wouldn't it? You're seeing a sprite move say, an average of 10 pixels every 1.6 seconds, then suddenly, there is a pause of 3.2ms, and the sprite then appears to jump 20 pixels. When this happens 3 or 4 times in close succession, the result is very ugly and not something I want in my game. Therfore, my question is how does one deal with these 'pauses' and 'jumps' - I've read every article on game loops I can find (see below) and my loops are even based off of code from these articles. The articles specifically mention frame skipping but they don't make any reference to how to deal with visual glitches that result from it. I've attempted various game-loops. My loop must have a mechanism in-place to allow rendering to be skipped to keep game-speed constant across multiple devices (or alternative, if one exists) I've tried interpolation but this doesn't eliminate this specific problem (although it looks like it may mitigate the issue slightly as when it eventually draws the sprite it 'moves it back' between the old and current positions so the 'jump' isn't so big. I've also tried a form of extrapolation which does seem to keep things smooth considerably, but I find it to be next to completely useless because it plays havoc with my collision detection (even when drawing with a 'display only' coordinate - see extrapolation-breaks-collision-detection) I've tried a loop that uses Thread.sleep when drawing / updating completes with time left over, no frame skipping in this one, again fairly smooth, but runs differently on different devices so no good. And I've tried spawning my own, third thread for logic updates, but this, was extremely messy to deal with and the performance really wasn't good. (upon reading tons of forums, most people seem to agree a 2 thread loops ( so UI and GL threads) is safer / easier). Now if I remove frame skipping, then all seems to run nice and smooth, with or without inter/extrapolation. However, this isn't an option because the game then runs at different speeds on different devices as it falls behind from not being able to render fast enough. I'm running logic at 60 Ticks per second and rendering as fast as I can. I've read, as far as I can see every article out there, I've tried the loops from My Secret Garden and Fix your timestep. I've also read: Against the grain deWITTERS Game Loop Plus various other articles on Game-loops. A lot of the others are derived from the above articles or just copied word for word. These are all great, but they don't touch on the issues I'm experiencing. I really have tried everything I can think of over the course of a year to eliminate these glitches to no avail, so any and all help would be appreciated. A couple of examples of my game loops (Code follows): From My Secret Room public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { //Rre-set loop back to 0 to start counting again loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); nextGameTick += skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d / ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick += timeCorrection; timeCorrection %= 1; loops++; } extrapolation = (float)(System.currentTimeMillis() + skipTicks - nextGameTick) / (float)skipTicks; render(extrapolation); } And from Fix your timestep double t = 0.0; double dt2 = 0.01; double currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis()*0.001; double accumulator = 0.0; double newTime; double frameTime; @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { newTime = System.currentTimeMillis()*0.001; frameTime = newTime - currentTime; if ( frameTime > (dt*5)) //Allow 5 'skips' frameTime = (dt*5); currentTime = newTime; accumulator += frameTime; while ( accumulator >= dt ) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); previousState = currentState; accumulator -= dt; } interpolation = (float) (accumulator / dt); render(interpolation); }

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  • Loop through several servers, find specific dlls , get the dll version, internal filename and path?

    - by Graham
    I am a newby to Powershell, and using PS v2. I can see the massive potential it has, but I just can't get the following code to work fully. I am trying to end up with a csv file that contains the wild carded required dlls in the GAC_MSIL or sub-directory, get the dll version, internal filename and path, and the server IP address. The code is below, and it is in single line format because it appears easier to remote onto one of the servers in the server farm and run the single line from that console, ue to security log-ins etc. The code has produced a set of results, but only for the last server, it probably does the first server, then overwrites it but I am not sure about that. I have done a lot of reading about using arrays, and custom objects, and had a go at doing that, but my scripting skills in PS are not yet up to it. Code: $out = "Ouput_dll_ver_results.csv";foreach ($server in '11.222.33.123', '11.222.33.124') {$VersionInfo = (Get-ChildItem \$server\C$\windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL -recurse -Include abc*.dll,def*.dll,ghi*.dll,jkl*.dll | Where-Object { $.FullName -notmatch "\windows\assembly\temp\" })}; $VersionInfo | %{Get-Command $.FullName} | select -expand File* |Export-Csv $out Can you please advise if/how the above code can be corrected, and if not, what alternatives do I have to get the information I need. Many thanks in advance. Graham

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  • Physics in my game confused after restructuring the Game loop

    - by Julian Assange
    Hello! I'm on my way with making a game in Java. Now I have some trouble with an interpolation based game loop in my calculations. Before I used that system the calculation of a falling object was like this: Delta based system private static final float SPEED_OF_GRAVITY = 500.0f; @Override public void update(float timeDeltaSeconds, Object parentObject) { parentObject.y = parentObject.y + (parentObject.yVelocity * timeDeltaSeconds); parentObject.yVelocity -= SPEED_OF_GRAVITY * timeDeltaSeconds; ...... What you see here is that I used that delta value from previous frame to the current frame to calculate the physics. Now I switched and implement a interpolation based system and I actually left the current system where I used delta to calculate my physics. However, with the interpolation system the delta time is removed - but now are my calculations screwed up and I've tried the whole day to solve this: Interpolation based system private static final float SPEED_OF_GRAVITY = 500.0f; @Override public void update(Object parentObject) { parentObject.y = parentObject.y + (parentObject.yVelocity); parentObject.yVelocity -= SPEED_OF_GRAVITY; ...... I'm totally clueless - how should this be solved? The rendering part is solved with a simple prediction method. With the delta system I could see my object be smoothly rendered to the screen, but with this interpolation/prediction method the object just appear sticky for one second and then it's gone. The core of this game loop is actually from here deWiTTERS Game Loop, where I trying to implement the last solution he describes. Shortly - my physics are in a mess and this need to be solved. Any ideas? Thanks in advance!

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  • Problem with scrolling background in one OpenGL loop

    - by GvS
    I have 960x3000 map image in png and I'm scrolling it in a loop like this (it's called in 60 FPS loop): glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, mapTex[iBgImg]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); double mtstart = 0.0f - fBgVPos/(double)BgSize; double mtend = mtstart + mtsize; glTexCoord2d(0.0, mtstart); glVertex2f(fBgX, TOP_MARGIN); glTexCoord2d(1.0, mtstart); glVertex2f(fBgX + MAP_WIDTH, TOP_MARGIN); glTexCoord2d(1.0, mtend); glVertex2f(fBgX + MAP_WIDTH, BOTTOM_MARGIN); glTexCoord2d(0.0, mtend); glVertex2f(fBgX, BOTTOM_MARGIN); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); unfortunately it isn't smooth when the game is in windowed mode. However, it is smooth in full screen mode. I'm using GLFW for windows. Maybe there is something wrong with my method? Is there anything better? Or could this be hardware problem? Edit: Window is created using glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_WINDOW_NO_RESIZE, GL_TRUE); glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_REFRESH_RATE, 60); and main loop is using glfwSwapInterval(1) to ensure 60 FPS;

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  • BASH statements execute alone but return "no such file" in for loop.

    - by reve_etrange
    Another one I can't find an answer for, and it feels like I've gone mad. I have a BASH script using a for loop to run a complex command (many protein sequence alignments) on a lot of files (~5000). The loop produces statements that will execute when given alone (i.e. copy-pasted from the error message to the command prompt), but which return "no such file or directory" inside the loop. Script below; there are actually several more arguments but this includes some representative ones and the file arguments. #!/bin/bash # Pass directory with targets as FASTA sequences as argument. # Arguments to psiblast # Common db=local/db/nr/nr outfile="/mnt/scratch/psi-blast" e=0.001 threads=8 itnum=5 pssm="/mnt/scratch/psi-blast/pssm." pssm_txt="/mnt/scratch/psi-blast/pssm." pseudo=0 pwa_inclusion=0.002 for i in ${1}/* do filename=$(basename $i) "local/ncbi-blast-2.2.23+/bin/psiblast\ -query ${i}\ -db $db\ -out ${outfile}/${filename}.out\ -evalue $e\ -num_threads $threads\ -num_iterations $itnum\ -out_pssm ${pssm}$filename\ -out_ascii_pssm ${pssm_txt}${filename}.txt\ -pseudocount $pseudo\ -inclusion_ethresh $pwa_inclusion" done Running this scripts gives "<scriptname> line <last line before 'done'>: <attempted command> : No such file or directory. If I then paste the attempted command onto the prompt it will run. Each of these commands takes a couple of minutes to run.

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  • How would I structure the loop to go through inputs?

    - by dmanexe
    I am attempting to make a loop that will go through an array structured like this: $input[n][checked] $input[n][input] The 2nd input acts as a price multiplier, but doesn't have to exist (field can be blank). I don't think a foreach loop is right because I don't think it handles the inputs from the form in the correct dimensional array order to keep the information together. I have inputs on a form that look like this: <input type="checkbox" name="measure[<?php echo $item->id; ?>][checked]" value="<?php echo $item->id; ?>"> <input class="item_mult" type="text" name="measure[<?php echo $item->id; ?>][input]" /> I am attempting to make the loop go through and act as a multiplier on the input relative to its sibling field. (i.e. input[1][input] would be an integer that I want to retrieve later, grouped with input[1][checked]) <? $field = $this->input->post('measure',true); $totals = array(); foreach($field as $value): if ($value['input'] == TRUE) { $query = $this->db->get_where('items', array('id' => $value['input']))->row(); $totals[] = $query->price; ?> <p><?=$query->name?> - <?=money_format('%(#10n', $query->price)?></p> <?php } else { } endforeach; ?> And finally, the last code to array_sum and print the grand total: <? $grand_total = array_sum($totals); ?> <p><?=money_format('%(#10n', $grand_total)?></p> Eventually, I will need to store these records in a database, so I am sending complete item IDs through, etc.

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  • lapply slower than for-loop when used for a BiomaRt query. Is that expected?

    - by ptocquin
    I would like to query a database using BiomaRt package. I have loci and want to retrieve some related information, let say description. I first try to use lapply but was surprise by the time needed for the task to be performed. I thus tried a more basic for-loop and get a faster result. Is that expected or is something wrong with my code or with my understanding of apply ? I read other posts dealing with *apply vs for-loop performance (Here, for example) and I was aware that improved performance should not be expected but I don't understand why performance here is actually lower. Here is a reproducible example. 1) Loading the library and selecting the database : library("biomaRt") athaliana <- useMart("plants_mart_14") athaliana <- useDataset("athaliana_eg_gene",mart=athaliana) 2) Querying the database : loci <- c("at1g01300", "at1g01800", "at1g01900", "at1g02335", "at1g02790", "at1g03220", "at1g03230", "at1g04040", "at1g04110", "at1g05240" ) I create a function for the use in lapply : foo <- function(loci) { getBM("description","tair_locus",loci,athaliana) } When I use this function on the first element : > system.time(foo(cwp_loci[1])) utilisateur système écoulé 0.020 0.004 1.599 When I use lapply to retrieve the data for all values : > system.time(lapply(loci, foo)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.220 0.000 16.376 I then created a new function, adding a for-loop : foo2 <- function(loci) { for (i in loci) { getBM("description","tair_locus",loci[i],athaliana) } } Here is the result : > system.time(foo2(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.204 0.004 10.919 Of course, this will be applied to a big list of loci, so the best performing option is needed. I thank you for assistance. EDIT Following recommendation of @MartinMorgan Simply passing the vector loci to getBM greatly improves the query efficiency. Simpler is better. > system.time(lapply(loci, foo)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.236 0.024 110.512 > system.time(foo2(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.208 0.040 116.099 > system.time(foo(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.028 0.000 6.193

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  • 301 rewrite loop with a lowercase URL rule and a URL slug rule [on hold]

    - by anyvendetta
    I need to do a 301 rewrite to force all urls to become lowercase. I put in .htaccess (RewriteMap lc int:tolower in httpd.conf): RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} [A-Z] RewriteRule . ${lc:{REQUEST_URI}} [R=301,L] Everything works just fine except to urls with subcategories which in this case are: /category-1256-Product-page-example.html The numer 1256 refers to a “subcategory”. So when i try to access /category-1256-Product-page-example.html gives me a loop error message. I think another redirect rules are making the loop but dunno how to fix it because are just this urls rewrite rules that don't work with the above rewrite. Rewriterule ^main-site-url/category-([0-9]*)-([-_a-zA-Z0-9]*)\.html$ /subcategories.php?idcategory_main=1&idcategory=$1&category=$2 [L] Rewriterule ^main-site-url/([0-9]*)-([-_a-zA-Z0-9]*)-([0-9]*)\.html$ /file.php?idcategory_main=1&idsubcategory=$1&product=$2&idproduct=$3 [L]

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  • 301 url rewrite loop

    - by anyvendetta
    I need to do a 301 rewrite to force all urls to become lowercase i put in htaccess (RewriteMap lc int:tolower in httpd.conf) RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} [A-Z] RewriteRule . ${lc:{REQUEST_URI}} [R=301,L] Everything works just fine except to urls with subcategories which in this case are: /category-1256-Product-page-example.html the numer 1256 refers to a "subcategory" So when i try to access /category-1256-Product-page-example.html gives me a loop error message I think another redirect rules are making the loop but dunno how to fix it because are just this urls rewrite rules that don't work with the above rewrite. Rewriterule ^main-site-url/category-([0-9]*)-([-_a-zA-Z0-9]*)\.html$ /subcategories.php?idcategory_main=1&idcategory=$1&category=$2 [L] Rewriterule ^main-site-url/([0-9]*)-([-_a-zA-Z0-9]*)-([0-9]*)\.html$ /file.php?idcategory_main=1&idsubcategory=$1&product=$2&idproduct=$3 [L]

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  • How to iterate loop inside a string searching for any word aftera fixed keyword?

    - by Parth
    Suppose I have a sting as "PHP Paddy,PHP Pranav,PHP Parth", now i have a count as 3,now how should I iterate loop in the string aiming on string after "PHP " to display the all the names? Alright This is the string "BEGIN IF (NEW.name != OLD.name) THEN INSERT INTO jos_menuaudit set menuid=OLD.id, oldvalue = OLD.name, newvalue = NEW.name, field = "name"; END IF; IF (NEW.alias != OLD.alias) THEN INSERT INTO jos_menuaudit set menuid=OLD.id, oldvalue = OLD.alias, newvalue = NEW.alias, field = "alias"; END IF; END" in which i am searching the particular word after " IF (NEW.", and after that particualar others strings should not b displayed, hence whenever in a loop it finds " IF (NEW." I musr get a word just next to it. and in this way an array should b ready for to use.

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  • Networking Client Server Packet logic (How they communicate)

    - by Trixmix
    I want to know what is the logic behind server client communication through packets for a real time game. for example the server sends x packets then the client receives x packets and processes them.. Basically what is the process to keep the client and server in sync and able to receive and send packets. more in depth example of what I want to know: client step 1 wait for a packet step 2 read x packets step 3 process x packets step 4 send x packets and so on... I need to know the very basic outline of the communication. Big questions are: 1) do I send and read packets all at one time? i.e for loop though the incoming packets array list and read them all or one every server loop or what... 2) what order should I do things i.e first receive then read then process then send etc.. 3) what I asked above a step by step of what the server / client should do.. Thanks!

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  • Delphi, What do I do about "no GetEnumerator present" error when using a for loop over Excel Interop

    - by Ryan
    Hello, I'm trying to write a Delphi program that will loop through each worksheet in an Excel file and format some cells. I'm receiving an error while trying to use the for-in loop over the Workbook.Worksheets collection, though. The error is specifically: [DCC Error] Office.pas(36): E2431 for-in statement cannot operate on collection type 'Sheets' because 'Sheets' does not contain a member for 'GetEnumerator', or it is inaccessible The line of code this occurs for is: for Worksheet in Workbook.Worksheets do The definition of Worksheet and Workbook is as follows: var ExcelApp: ExcelApplication; var Workbook: ExcelWorkbook; var Worksheet: ExcelWorksheet; I'm porting this code to Delphi from C#, in which it works. Does anyone know why I'd be getting this GetEnumerator error? I'm using the Office 2007 Excel Interop file and Embarcadero® Delphi® 2010 Version 14.0.3593.25826. Thanks in advance.

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  • for loop with count from array, limit output? PHP

    - by Philip
    print '<div id="wrap">'; print "<table width=\"100%\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"3\" cellspacing=\"3\">"; for($i=0; $i<count($news_comments); $i++) { print ' <tr> <td width="30%"><strong>'.$news_comments[$i]['comment_by'].'</strong></td> <td width="70%">'.$news_comments[$i]['comment_date'].'</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>'.$news_comments[$i]['comment'].'</td> </tr> '; } print '</table></div>'; $news_comments is a 3 diemensional array from mysqli_fetch_assoc returned from a function elsewhere, for some reason my for loop returns the total of the array sets such as [0][2] etc until it reaches the max amount from the counted $news_comments var which is a return function of LIMIT 10. my problem is if I add any text/html/icons inside the for loop it prints it in this case 11 times even though only array sets 1 and 2 have data inside them. How do I get around this? My function query is as follows: function news_comments() { require_once '../data/queries.php'; // get newsID from the url $urlID = $_GET['news_id']; // run our query for newsID information $news_comments = selectQuery('*', 'news_comments', 'WHERE news_id='.$urlID.'', 'ORDER BY comment_date', 'DESC', '10'); // requires 6 params // check query for results if(!$news_comments) { // loop error session and initiate var foreach($_SESSION['errors'] as $error=>$err) { print htmlentities($err) . 'for News Comments, be the first to leave a comment!'; } } else { print '<div id="wrap">'; print "<table width=\"100%\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"3\" cellspacing=\"3\">"; for($i=0; $i<count($news_comments); $i++) { print ' <tr> <td width="30%"><strong>'.$news_comments[$i]['comment_by'].'</strong></td> <td width="70%">'.$news_comments[$i]['comment_date'].'</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>'.$news_comments[$i]['comment'].'</td> </tr> '; } print '</table></div>'; } }// End function Any help is greatly appreciated.

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