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• rsync useful w/ encrypted files?

  - by barrycarter

  Is rsync efficient for transferring encrypted files? More specifically: I encrypt 'x' with my public key and call the result 'y'. I rsync 'y' to my backup server. 'x' changes slightly I encrypt the modified 'x' and rsync the modified 'y' to my backup server. Is this efficient? I know a small change in 'x' yields a large change in 'y', but is the change localized? Or has 'y' changed so thoroughly that rsync is not much better than scp? I currently backup my "critical" files by tarring/bzipping them nightly, then encrypting the .tar.bz file and rsync'ing it to my backup server. Many of the individual files don't change, but, of course, the tar file changes if even one of the files change. Is this efficient? Should I be encrypting and backing up each file individually? That way, unchanged files will take no time to rsync.

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• Methods of sending web-generated config files to servers and restarting services.

  - by JPG

  Hi, We're writing a web-based tool to configure our services provided by multiple servers. This includes interfaces configuration, dhcp configs etc. etc. Having configs in database and views that generate proper output, how to send it/make it available for servers? I'm thinking about sending it through scp and invoking reload command to services through ssh. I'm also thinking about using Func to do all the job, as this is Python tool and will seemingly integrate with python-based (django) config tool. Any other proposals?

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• Block-level deduplicating filesystem

  - by James Haigh

  I'm looking for a deduplicating copy-on-write filesystem solution for general user data such as /home and backups of it. It should use online/inline/synchronous deduplication at the block-level using secure hashing (for negligible chance of collisions) such as SHA256 or TTH. Duplicate blocks need not even touch the disk. The idea is that I should be able to just copy /home/<user> to an external HDD with the same such filesystem to do a backup. Simple. No messing around with incremental backups where corruption to any of the snapshots will nearly always break all later snapshots, and no need to use a specific tool to delete or 'checkout' a snapshot. Everything should simply be done from the file browser without worry. Can you imagine how easy this would be? I'd never have to think twice about backing-up again! I don't mind a performance hit, reliability is the main concern. Although, with specific implementations of cp, mv and scp, and a file browser plugin, these operations would be very fast, especially when there is a lot of duplication as they would only need to transfer the absent blocks. Accidentally using conventional copy tools that do not integrate with the FS would merely take longer, waste some bandwidth when copying remotely and waste some CPU, as the duplicate data would be re-read, re-transferred and re-hashed (although nothing would be re-written), but would absolutely not corrupt anything. (Some filesharing software may also be able to benefit by integrating with the FS.) So what's the best way of doing this? I've looked at some options: lessfs - Looks unmaintained. Any good? [Opendedup/SDFS][3] - Java? Could I use this on Android?! What does [SDFS][4] stand for? [Btrfs][5] - Some patches floating around on mailing list archives, but no real support. [ZFS][6] - Hopefully they'll one day relicense under a true Free/Opensource GPL-compatible licence. Also, 2 years ago I had a go at an attempt in Python using Fuse at the file-level to be used over the top of a typical solid FS such as EXT4, but I found Fuse for Python underdocumented and didn't manage to implement all of the system calls. My first post here, so I can't post more than 2 links until I get over 10 rep: [3]: http://www.opendedup.org/ [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SDFS&action=edit&redlink=1 [5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs#Features [6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS#Linux

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• XRDP errors when trying to use sesman-x11rdp

  - by Nicholas

  I've just installed Ubuntu 11.10 Desktop on an old laptop of mine and I wanted to set it up so I could remote into it from my windows desktop. I've installed XRDP, but when I attempt to login using sesman-x11rdp it logs in, then the window shuts down. I've checked over the logs and here is what I get at the time of login: [20120123-16:49:23] [INFO ] scp thread on sck 8 started successfully [20120123-16:49:23] [INFO ] granted TS access to user nicholas [20120123-16:49:24] [INFO ] starting X11rdp session... [20120123-16:49:24] [CORE ] error starting X server - user nicholas - pid 3869 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] errno: 2, description: No such file or directory [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] execve parameter list: 11 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[0] = X11rdp [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[1] = :11 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[2] = -geometry [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[3] = 1280x720 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[4] = -depth [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[5] = 16 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[6] = -bs [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[7] = -ac [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[8] = -nolisten [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[9] = tcp [20120123-16:49:25] [DEBUG] argv[10] = (null) [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] X server for display 11 startup timeout [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] X server for display 11 startup timeout [20120123-16:49:34] [INFO ] starting xrdp-sessvc - xpid=3869 - wmpid=3868 [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] another Xserver is already active on display 11 [20120123-16:49:34] [DEBUG] aborting connection... [20120123-16:49:34] [INFO ] session 3867 - user nicholas - terminated Can anyone point me to the proper way to get this working with x11rdp?

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• How to remotely open gedit with SFTP URL in Gnome through SSH?

  - by Álvaro Justen

  My setup is weird and I can't change it now. I have two machines: local-machine: it's my desktop running Ubuntu with Gnome remote-machine: it's one virtual machine, also running Ubuntu but without X In both machines I have my private and public SSH keys. I need to run SSH from remote-machine to local-machine and run gedit (in local-machine, under the default $DISPLAY) but openning a file in remote-machine throught SFTP. Something like this: myuser@remote-machine:~$ ssh local-machine "DISPLAY=:0.0 gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file" The command above doesn't work. gedit shows this message: Could not open the file sftp://remote-machine/some/file. gedit cannot handle sftp: locations. Note that: /some/file exists on remote-machine. I can SSH normally from remote-machine to local-machine using my SSH key without any problems! I can run the command DISPLAY=:0.0 gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file in a terminal on local-machine and gedit opens the file on remote-machine without any problems - but the terminal in which I executed the command is running in DISPLAY :0 (really, it's gnome-terminal). I also tried -t option of SSH client (to force pseudo-tty allocation) but it didn't work. If I try to run DISPLAY=:0.0 gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file in local-machine but under a tty (for example in tty1, by pressing <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<F1>) it doesn't not work - I get the same error when running from remote-machine. I found that if I pass the environment variable DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS with a correct value, it works! So, if I do something like that: myuser@local-machine:~$ env | grep DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS > env.txt myuser@local-machine:~$ scp env.txt remote-machine: and then: myuser@remote-machine:~$ ssh local-machine "DISPLAY=:0.0 $(cat env.txt) gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file" it works! The problem is that I'm not on local-machine so I can't get the correct value for this env variable. Is there any other way to make this work?

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• Making OpenSSL work on PHP Windows 2008 server with FastCGI

  - by KacieHouser

  I have been researching all day. Here is what I have done: In C:/PHP/php.ini and C:/PHP/php-cgi-fcgi.ini I have made the extension_dir = "C:/PHP/ext" I uncommented extension=php_openssl.dll I went to http://windows.php.net/download/ and got the thread safe version with the PHP 5.4 (5.4.8) version of DLL's In C:/PHP/ext I replaced the php_openssl.dll with the one I downloaded In System32 and SysWOW64 I added the following DLL's ssleay.dll libeay.dll I restarted the IIS server in the Server Manager under Web Server and stopped and started the World Wide Web Publishing Service That didn't work, so I tried same thing with the unthreaded versions. I still get: Fatal error: Call to undefined function ftp_ssl_connect() in C:\inetpub\wwwroot\REMOVED_dev\save_data.php on line 5 Here are related things from phpinfo(): System Windows NT DEV-WEB1 6.1 build 7601 (Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard Edition Service Pack 1) i586 Compiler MSVC9 (Visual C++ 2008) Architecture x86 Configure Command cscript /nologo configure.js "--enable-snapshot-build" "--enable-debug-pack" "--disable-zts" "--disable-isapi" "--disable-nsapi" "--without-mssql" "--without-pdo-mssql" "--without-pi3web" "--with-pdo-oci=C:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient10\sdk,shared" "--with-oci8=C:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient10\sdk,shared" "--with-oci8-11g=C:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient11\sdk,shared" "--with-enchant=shared" "--enable-object-out-dir=../obj/" "--enable-com-dotnet" "--with-mcrypt=static" "--disable-static-analyze" "--with-pgo" Server API CGI/FastCGI Configuration File (php.ini) Path C:\Windows Loaded Configuration File C:\PHP\php-cgi-fcgi.ini Scan this dir for additional .ini files (none) Additional .ini files parsed (none) Registered PHP Streams php, file, glob, data, http, ftp, zip, compress.zlib, compress.bzip2, https, ftps, sqlsrv, phar Registered Stream Socket Transports tcp, udp, ssl, sslv3, sslv2, tls FTP support enabled Protocols dict, file, ftp, ftps, gopher, http, https, imap, imaps, ldap, pop3, pop3s, rtsp, scp, sftp, smtp, smtps, telnet, tftp openssl OpenSSL support enabled OpenSSL Library Version OpenSSL 0.9.8t 18 Jan 2012 OpenSSL Header Version OpenSSL 0.9.8x 10 May 2012 What am I missing here?

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• Windows Server 2008 RAID10

  - by JT

  Hello All, I am building a storage system for myself. I have a 16 bay SATA chasis and right now I have 1 x 500GB SATA for booting 8 x 1.5TB for data. 3Ware 9500S-8 RAID card where these 8 drives above are connected to. I am used to linux, but not in the RAID department. I have Windows experience too. What I am looking for is something that I can just let sit, be reliable and use for other items as well. (Like running test websites, Apache, MySQL, etc). This box is private on a Class-C subnet. My thought is to at least consider Windows Server 2008. I especially like the potential for NON-GUI Mode. Can Windows Server 2008 do a Software RAID 10 out of the box? Software RAID is better performance and better in case the raid needs to be moved to another machine? I just want to SCP files, so OpenSSH running on it? Can one install the GUI, but not use it unless they get in a bind? Is Windows a good idea or should I stick to a Linux Software RAID or FreeBSD + ZFS?

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• LAMP server VM issues

  - by nullArray

  After getting a recommendation to salvage a wiki by installing a LAMP server, I went on the prowl for a good virtualized one. I used the VMware Player version. Since the windows box has Bonjour, I can, for example, go to http://lamp.local. and it works see the web client. The problem is, I can't ssh to a directory to scp the files I need, mount a usb thumbdrive (usbfs is unsupported) nor get samba working. I can't even update the ubuntu installation, it fails. I've tried bridged, nat and host-only networking settings in VMware Player. Bridged gives me an undefined IP, while the other two each have different IPs. All three settings allow me to access the web config, but none of them give me samba access. Windows usually freezes, then reports that it cannot connect. I'd rather not wipe a box to do a dedicated install, is there I way I can get this VM working, or are there better LAMP VMs out there? This one came already working and set up with VMware Player, so I thought it would be perfect... Thanks,

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• SSH public key authentication -- always require users to generate their own keypair?

  - by schinazi

  I was working with a partner today that I needed to upload files to my server using scp. I have passwords turned off in the server's SSH configuration, so I wanted them to use public key authentication. I generated the keypair for them on the server and gave them the private key and put the public key in the appropriate authorized_keys file. After a bunch of problems with them setting up their job, they finally got a more experienced sysadmin involved on their end, and he scolded me for handling the key generation this way. He said that by giving them a private key generated on my system, I had enabled them to do a brute-force attack against other keys generated on the same server. I even asked him "so if I have an account on a server, and I can log in with a password but I want to automate something and I generate a keypair on that system, does that then give me an attack vector for brute forcing other users' keys?" and he said yes. I've never heard of this, is it true? Can anyone point me to a discussion of this attack? Thanks in advance.

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• Remote server security: handling compiler tools

  - by Gonzolas

  Hello! I was wondering wether to remove compiler tools (gcc, make, ...) from a remote production server, mainly for security purposes. Background: The server runs a web application on Linux. Consider Apache jailed. Otherwise, only OpenSSHd faces the public network. Of course there is no compiler stuff within the jail, so this is about the actual OS outside of any jails. Here's my personal PRO/CON list (regarding removal) so far: PRO: I had been reading some suggestions to remove compiler tools in order inhibit custom building of trojans etc. from within the host if an attacker attains unpriviliged user permissions. CON: I can't live without Perl/Python and a trojan/whatever could be written in a scripting language like that, anyway, so why bother about removing gcc et al. at all. There is a need to build new Linux kernels as well as some security tools from source directly on the server, because the server runs in 64-bits mode and (to my understanding) I can't (cross-)compile locally/elsewhere due to lack of another 64-bits hardware system. OK, so here are my questions for you: (a) Is my PRO/CON assessment correct? (b) Do you know of other PROs / CONs to removing all compiler tools? Do they weigh in more? (c) Which binaries should I consider dangerous if the given PRO statement holds? Only gcc, or also make, or what else? Should I remove the enitre software packages them come with? (d) Is it OK to just move those binaries to a root-only accessible directory when they are not needed? Or is there a gain in security if I "scp them in" every time? Thank you!

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• Apache, suexec, PHP, suPHP

  - by Chris_K

  While I'm quite comfortable as a Linux user, my Linux Admin-fu is a bit weak. Thus, I'm here looking for guidance with a CentOS server I'm about to build. I need to setup an Apache2 web server for a few of our clients. I want each client's web content to be under their home directory (USERDIR in apache.conf, right?) for the static HTML sites. I want Apache to run as the client (suexec?). Some of their stuff will be PHP apps and I'm under the impression I'll want to look at suphp as well then. So basically I want to look like a small version of a shared web hosting company. Considering how common those are I thought I'd easily find a nice current How-To guide on setting this all up but so far I've had very little luck. I suspect my search words are off. So the questions (feel free to answer any or all): Anyone have some solid links to current/modern guides that would help me set this all up? No, the apache documentation site is not a guide ;-) Since I have a mix of static sites and PHP apps do I want/need both suexec and suphp installed? If so, does that introduce any challenges I should be aware of? Should I be looking at other options instead of suexec and suphp? I plan to give the end users SSH, SFTP or SCP access to their stuff (if that affects anything). Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Linux Experts Riddle: Network output of 10MB/s on 10GB/s NIC

  - by user150324

  I have two CentOS 6 servers. I am trying to transfer files between them. Source server has 10GB/s NIC nd destination server has 1GB/s NIC. Regardless to the command used nor the protocol, the transfer speed is ~1 Mega byte per second. The goal is at least couple dozens MB per second. I have tried: rsync (also with various encryptions), scp, wget, aftp, nc. Here's some testing results with iperf: [root@serv ~]# iperf -c XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX -i 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX port 33180 connected with XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0- 1.0 sec 1.30 MBytes 10.9 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 1.0- 2.0 sec 1.28 MBytes 10.7 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 2.0- 3.0 sec 1.34 MBytes 11.3 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 3.0- 4.0 sec 1.53 MBytes 12.8 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 4.0- 5.0 sec 1.65 MBytes 13.8 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 5.0- 6.0 sec 1.79 MBytes 15.0 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 6.0- 7.0 sec 1.95 MBytes 16.3 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 7.0- 8.0 sec 1.98 MBytes 16.6 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 8.0- 9.0 sec 1.91 MBytes 16.0 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 9.0-10.0 sec 2.05 MBytes 17.2 Mbits/sec [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.68 MBytes 14.0 Mbits/sec I guess HD is not the bottleneck here.

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• LAMP server VM issues

  - by nullArray

  After getting a recommendation to salvage a wiki by installing a LAMP server, I went on the prowl for a good virtualized one. I used the VMware Player version. Since the windows box has Bonjour, I can, for example, go to http://lamp.local. and it works see the web client. The problem is, I can't ssh to a directory to scp the files I need, mount a usb thumbdrive (usbfs is unsupported) nor get samba working. I can't even update the ubuntu installation, it fails. I've tried bridged, nat and host-only networking settings in VMware Player. Bridged gives me an undefined IP, while the other two each have different IPs. All three settings allow me to access the web config, but none of them give me samba access. Windows usually freezes, then reports that it cannot connect. I'd rather not wipe a box to do a dedicated install, is there I way I can get this VM working, or are there better LAMP VMs out there? This one came already working and set up with VMware Player, so I thought it would be perfect... Thanks,

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• ssh over a tunnel in order to configure auto login

  - by Vihaan Verma

  I m trying to copy the id_rsa.pub key to the server. The server in my case also has a virutal machine called dev which runs on the host machine. I copied the id_rsa.pub key to the host for auto log in using this command. ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub vickey@host which worked fine and I can auto log in to host. I also wanted to auto log in to the dev machine. I know I can just copy the contents of authorized_keys from the host machine to the dev machine but I m looking for a command line of doing things. Creating a tunnel seemed like the solution ssh vickey@host -L 2000:dev:22 -N now when I tried ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub vickey@localhost -P 2000 the password that worked here was of my local machine , I expected it to ask me password of my dev machine. The above command adds the pub key to the local machine and not to the dev machine. However this commands asks me for the dev password and copies the files. scp -P 2000 vickey@localhost:/home/vickey/trash/vim . vickey@localhost's password: vim 100% 111 0.1KB/s 00:00 How do I do the same with ssh-copy-id ?

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• SSH traffic over openvpn connection freezes when I cat a file

  - by user42055

  I have an openvpn (version 2.1_rc15 at both ends) connection setup between two gentoo boxes using shared keys. it works fine for the most part. I use mysql, http, ftp, scp over the vpn with no problems. But when I ssh from the client to the server over the vpn, weird things happen. I can login, i can execute some commands. But if i try to run an ncurses application like top, or i try to cat a file, the connection will stall and I'll have to sever the ssh session. I can, for example, execute "echo blah; echo .; echo blah" and it will output the three lines of text over the ssh session fine. But if i execute "cat /etc/motd" the session will freeze the moment I press enter. I compiled openvpn 2.1.1 on my mac and copied over my config directory from my gentoo client. The mac connected and ssh sessions worked fine without freezing. I then compiled it on my older gentoo box (2.6.26 kernel) which I am retiring due to a dying hard drive, and ssh over it also works perfectly. Why does it fail on my brand new gentoo box ? I've tried compiling three different kernels in case it was that, but other than that there should be no difference between my older and my newer gentoo boxes that I can think of. Any suggestions on what's wrong ?

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• How to configure a shortcut for an SSH connection through a SSH tunnel

  - by Simone Carletti

  My company production servers (FOO, BAR...) are located behind two gateway servers (A, B). In order to connect to server FOO, I have to open a ssh connection with server A or B with my username JOHNDOE, then from A (or B) I can access any production server opening a SSH connection with a standard username (let's call it WEBBY). So, each time I have to do something like: ssh johndoe@a ... ssh webby@foo ... # now I can work on the server As you can imagine, this is a hassle when I need to use scp or if I need to quickly open multiple connections. I have configured a ssh key and also I'm using .ssh/config for some shortcuts. I was wondering if I can create some kind of ssh configuration in order to type ssh foo and let SSH open/forward all the connections for me. Is it possible? Edit womble's answer is exactly what I was looking for but it seems right now I can't use netcat because it's not installed on the gateway server. weppos:~ weppos$ ssh foo -vv OpenSSH_5.1p1, OpenSSL 0.9.7l 28 Sep 2006 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/xyz/.ssh/config debug1: Applying options for foo debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Executing proxy command: exec ssh a nc -w 3 foo 22 debug1: permanently_drop_suid: 501 debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/identity type -1 debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 bash: nc: command not found ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

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• Remove server hangs, gets stuck. How to debug?

  - by bibstha

  I have an vps running on VmWare ESX with Ubuntu 8.04 LTS. It has been running smoothly for the past 3 months, however recently we've notices two strange bugs. a. The server hangs, today was second time. The nature of the hang is very strange. I can ping to the server server, it sends back response fine. However all other services like sshd, apache, mysql etc do not respond at all. When working, telnet servername 22 Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.X Debian-5ubuntu1 And other web services would run fine. When its hung, I can make tcp connections to 22 as well as 80 but receive no response at all. telnet servername 22 Escape character is '^]'. How can I debug this problem? Is there any daemons I can run that will periodically log status? Please tell me as to how to proceed with it. b. The another strange problem is that, of lately I am unable to transfer files larger than around 100KB, smaller files of around 1-2 KB works file. scp anotherserver:filename . or wget http://www.example.com/file would get stuck. There is still around 6GB of space remaining, so I don't think that is an issue. Any pointers where I should look into?

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• ssh without password does not work for some users

  - by joshxdr

  I have a new RHEL4 Linux box that I am using to copy data to old Solaris 2.6 and RHEL3 Linux boxes with scp. I have found that with the same setup, it works for some users but not for others. For user jane, this works fine: jane@host1$ ssh -v remhost debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /mnt/home/osborjo/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /mnt/home/osborjo/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). for user jack it does not: jack@host1 ssh -v remhost debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /mnt/home/oper1/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /mnt/home/oper1/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive I have looked at the permissions for all the keys and files, they look the same. Since I am using home directories mounted by NFS, the keys for both the remote host and the local host are in the same directory. This is how things look for jane: jane@host1$ ls -l $HOME/.ssh -rw-rw-r-- 1 jane operator 394 Jan 27 16:28 authorized_keys -rw------- 1 jane operator 1675 Jan 27 16:27 id_rsa -rw-r--r-- 1 jane operator 394 Jan 27 16:27 id_rsa.pub -rw-rw-r-- 1 jane operator 1205 Jan 27 16:46 known_hosts For user jack: jack@host1$ ls -l $HOME/.ssh -rw-rw-r-- 1 jack engineer 394 Jan 27 16:28 authorized_keys -rw------- 1 jack engineer 1675 Jan 27 16:27 id_rsa -rw-r--r-- 1 jack engineer 394 Jan 27 16:27 id_rsa.pub -rw-rw-r-- 1 jack engineer 1205 Jan 27 16:46 known_hosts As a last ditch effort, I copied the authorized_keys, id_rsa, and id_rsa.pub from jill to jack, and changed the username in authorized_keys and id_rsa.pub with vi. It still did not work. It seems there is something different between the two users but I cannot figure out what it is.

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• how to back up data from a machine that keeps hanging

  - by Amit Phatarphekar

  Hello - I have a storage server running opensolaris. But lately its been acting up - it hangs at random times due to some SCSI/ATA related error messages. I've tried to fix it without any progress, so I'm giving up now. The machine keeps hanging every 30 minutes or 1 hr ...sometimes after 4 hrs. Its very unpredictable. So I've decided to just reformat the storage server and start from scratch...maybe I'll just not use solaris and install something else, since the errors are related to solaris running on ATA HDD or something. Question - Before I reformat it, I want to back up some of the important data on it. Like it has a VM with 200 GB disk files, it has a whole bunch of ISOs stored on it etc etc. I'm using a simple scp to copy the files over to a different machine. My issue is that, because the machine hangs....sometimes my file copy is incomplete and I have to start all over again. Lets say I'm trying to copy a 200GB file which takes like 4 hrs....IF the machine hangs before the whole file i copied over...I have to recopy the file from scratch. Is there a solution to copy the files over such that if the machine hangs or network goes down..the copying can resume from where it left off? - like if 50 GB of a 200GB file was copied and machine hung....next time, it'll just continue to copy rest of the amount, instead of starting all over again. Thanks Amit

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• Have only read access to Samba

  - by Tahir Malik

  Hi I've been struggling a lot with Samba on Centos 5.5 lately. I develop in Windows 7 and send files through scp (ant task), but it's to slow and wanted to setup thoroughly samba. After installing and following some guides I've done the following: Disable firewall (iptables) Disable SelLinux (didn't do that at the start, but didn't help either) setup my smbusers file to map my windows user to root (root = "Tahir Malik" -- works) added a current user mitco to the sambapassdb with the command smbpasswd -a mitco , because the windows user had only read access So both the users have read access to my share. Here is my smb.conf snippit: [global] workgroup = MITCO server string = Samba Server Version %v netbios name = centos ; interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24 ; hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13. [alf4] comment = Alfresco 4 path = /opt read only = no valid users = mitco, mitco force user = root force group = root admin users = mitco , mitco writeable = yes ; browseable = yes What also maybe important is that the /opt is only writable by root, but that shouldn't matter because I use the force user and group or admin users. The log file : [2012/09/29 07:43:44, 0] smbd/server.c:main(958) smbd version 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8 started. Copyright Andrew Tridgell and the Samba Team 1992-2008 [2012/09/29 07:43:59, 1] smbd/service.c:make_connection_snum(1085) mitco-tahir (192.168.13.1) connect to service alf4 initially as user root (uid=0, gid=0) (pid 5228)

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• How do you use VIM to edit tabular data (tables)? Specifically, BIND (named) DNS db files.

  - by Richard Bronosky

  I'm usually a purist when it comes to vimming. I don't like remapping keys, or learning to rely on a bunch of plugins. I like to feel just as powerful on foreign boxen as I do on my own dev box. I do, however, believe in syntax files. Even though the solution may not be a syntax file (bindzone.vim is what I use), I want it bad enough to do whatever. I regularly view or edit tab (or comma, but that would be a bonus) delimited data. I hate having to set my tabstop to some ridiculous number in order to have everything line up. Example: The BIND zone files are ~40+,6,2,5,15+. So, even though I could view them on a single screen, if I set ts=40, I cannot. I have been searching for a "dynamic tab size" solution for years, but no luck. I hate that my only good way of editing or even visualizing tabular data is to scp it to my work station and open it in Open Office. There has to be a better way.

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• Debian, How to convert filesystem from ISO-8859-1 into UTF-8?

  - by Johan

  I have a old pc that is running Debian stable, that is in need of a upgrade. The problem is that it is using latin1 (ISO-8859-1) for everything, and since the rest of the world has moved to UTF-8 I plan to convert this computer as well. And for this question I will focus in on the files that are served with Samba, and some has some latin1 characters in the filenames (like åäö). Now my plan is to move all data of this old computer onto and a brand new one that is running Debian stable (but with UTF-8). Does anybody have a good idea? Thanks Johan Note: later I plan to use iconv to convert the content of some files with something like this: iconv --from-code=ISO-8859-1 --to-code=UTF-8 iso.txt > utf.txt However I don't know of a good way to convert the filesystem it self. Note: Normally I usaly just scp from one computer to the next, but then I end up with latin1 characters in the utf-8 filesystem... Update: Did a small test round with a hand full of files (with funny chars) in the filenames, and that seemed like it could work. convmv -r -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 * So it was only to execute with the --notest convmv -r -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 --notest * Nothing more to it.

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• What is the best way to recover from a mysql replication fail?

  - by Itai Ganot

  Today, the replication between our master mysql db server and the two replication servers dropped. I have a procedure here which was written a long time ago and i'm not sure it's the fastest method to recover for this issue. I'd like to share with you the procedure and I'd appreciate if you could give your thoughts about it and maybe even tell me how it can be done quicker. At the master: RESET MASTER; FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; SHOW MASTER STATUS; And copy the values of the result of the last command somewhere. Wihtout closing the connection to the client (because it would release the read lock) issue the command to get a dump of the master: mysqldump mysq Now you can release the lock, even if the dump hasn't end. To do it perform the following command in the mysql client: UNLOCK TABLES; Now copy the dump file to the slave using scp or your preferred tool. At the slave: Open a connection to mysql and type: STOP SLAVE; Load master's data dump with this console command: mysql -uroot -p < mysqldump.sql Sync slave and master logs: RESET SLAVE; CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=98; Where the values of the above fields are the ones you copied before. Finally type START SLAVE; And to check that everything is working again, if you type SHOW SLAVE STATUS; you should see: Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes That's it! At the moment i'm in the stage of copying the db from the master to the other two replication servers and it takes more than 6 hours to that point, isn't it too slow? The servers are connected through a 1gb switch.

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• How to use SSH Public Key with PuTTY to connect to a Linux machine

  - by ysap

  I am trying to set a public SSH key connection from a Windows 7 machine to a Red-Hat Linux machine. The ultimate purpose is to use pscp (PuTTY's version of scp) from the command terminal w/o the need to type password repetitively. Following PuTTY's documentation and other online sources, I used PuTTYgen to generate a key pair. I then copied the generated public key to a ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file on the Linux machine (as far as I can tell, it runs OpenSSH server). To check the connection, I run PuTTY and set the username and private key file in the appropriate places in its GUI. However, when trying to connect using PuTTY's SSH, the connection uses the preset username, but I get an error message of "Server refused our key" and a prompt for the password. I then tried to copy-paste the public key text from PuTTYgen's GUI to the authorized_keys file, but it did not work either. How should I set up a public key connection form Win 7 to Linux? How do I use this with pscp (rather than PuTTY's ssh)?

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• ssh many users to one home

  - by filippo

  Hiya, I want to allow some trusted users to scp files into my server (to an specific user), but I do not want to give these users a home, neither ssh login. I'm having problems to understand the correct settings of users/groups I have to create to allow this to happen. I will put an example; Having: MyUser@MyServer MyUser belongs to the group MyGroup MyUser's home will be lets say, /home/MyUser SFTPGuy1@OtherBox1 SFTPGuy2@OtherBox2 They give me their id_dsa.pub's and I add it to my authorized_keys I reckon then, I'd do in my server something like useradd -d /home/MyUser -s /bin/false SFTPGuy1 (and the same for the other..) And for the last, useradd -G MyGroup SFTPGuy1 (then again, for the other guy) I'd expect then, the SFTPGuys to be able to sftp -o IdentityFile=id_dsa MyServer and to be taken to MyUser's home... Well, this is not the case... SFTP just keeps asking me for a password. Could someone point out what am I missing? Thanks a mil, f. [EDIT: Messa in StackOverflow asked me if authorized_keys file was readable to the other users (members of MyGroup). Its an interesting point, this was my answer: Well, it wasn't (it was 700), but then I changed the permissions of the .ssh dir and the auth file to 750 though still no effect. Guess it's worth mentioning that my home dir ( /home/MyUser) is also readable for the group; most dirs being 750 and the specific folder where they'd drop files is 770. Nevertheless, about the auth file, I reckon the authentication would be performed by the local user on MyServer, isn't it? if so, I don't understand the need for other users to read it... well.. just wondering. ]

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