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• How do I use WAV files as a voicemail greeting in Exchange UM?

  - by Doug Luxem

  We are in the process of ditching Cisco Unity for Exchange 2007 Unified Messaging; however, I just came to realization that Exchange doesn't seem to provide a way to upload a WAV file to be used as a voicemail greeting. This could be a problem, since we have several mailboxes that use professionally recorded greetings. I found this article which shows how to access the data through MAPI, but it does not provide a way to upload new files. Note, this is not for the auto attendants, but for actual voicemail greetings.

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• Exchange 2010 periodically stops responding to SMTP events with error 421 4.4.1 Connection timed out

  - by Michael Shimmins

  After some help diagnosing why Exchange 2010 Enterprise stops responding to SMTP events. I can't find a pattern to it. It doesn't appear to be an actual timeout, as the server responds immediately with the error. To reproduce it I telnet into the server on port 25 and issue a EHLO. The server immediately replies with the 421: 421 4.4.1 Connection timed out Once this starts happening I've found restarting the exchange box is the only reliable way to get it flowing again. Sometimes restarting the Transport service or the mailbox attendant service seems to fix it, but this could be coincidental as it often has no effect.

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• Can I import contacts from an Exchange 2003 EDB file for a single user?

  - by Drarok

  We have recently had to reinstall a very unhappy Exchange 2003 server for a client, and whilst rebuilding their server we moved them onto a temporary one. During the course of all this, ExMerge was used due to Windows being so broken that none of the backup software could run. As a number of the user mailboxes were way over 2GB, we had to do date ranges of a few months at a time to avoid ExMerge's 2GB limit. We went back as far as 2006, as the files produced by ExMerge seemed empty that far back. Unfortunately, one of the users has reported that around 2 3rds of their contacts are missing, and that pre-2006 sounds about right for the missing items. Is there any way I can mount the old EDB file into Exchange, or otherwise read their contacts into a usable format? The server is running Windows Server 2003 SBS R2 (SP2), and Exchance 2003 (SP2, I think).

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• How do I mount an Exchange mail store from the Windows Command Line?

  - by Cypher

  Our Exchange server is running Exchange Server 2003 Standard on the Windows Server 2003 platform. We're dealing with the mail store size issue, where if the mail store goes over the limit, it gets dismounted. While we are working with the powers-that-be on a policy that will prevent this happening in the future, I would like to see if it is possible to re-mount the mail store via the Windows CLI. I'm already monitoring the Event Logs and alerting on mail store warnings and dismounts - I'm just tired of getting up at 5am to manually re-mount the store while the political wars ensue. My alerting tools have the ability to execute a batch script when an alert is generated. I would greatly prefer a native CLI option. I'm not too keen on running some random vbscript found on the Internet and I don't really care to spend my time debugging someone else's code. PowerShell might be an option, if it can be triggered from the CLI.

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• Exchange 2010 and DAG - all roles on both servers?

  - by Keith

  We just recently migrated to an Exchange 2010 server. Currently all of the roles and mailboxes are installed on 1 server (we are a small company with less than 100 users). I am wanting to use DAG for replication however it seems most set ups for DAG requires at least 3 or 4 total servers. Is there anyway to make this work with just two servers and both of these servers would have all the roles and mailboxes? Maybe there is a better way to do this than DAG? I'm open for suggestions. The goal here is to have some sort of replicated server so that if there is an issue with our primary Exchange server, another one can be brought up within an hour or so with all current information (not a backup). It doesn't necessarily have to be instantaneous.

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• Getting to grips with the stack in nasm

  - by MarkPearl

  Today I spent a good part of my day getting to grips with the stack and nasm. After looking at my notes on nasm I think this is one area for the course I am doing they could focus more on… So here are some snippets I have put together that have helped me understand a little bit about the stack… Simplest example of the stack You will probably see examples like the following in circulation… these demonstrate the simplest use of the stack… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main main: push 42h push 43h push 44h mov ah,2h ;set to display characters pop dx    ;get the first value int 21h   ;and display it pop dx    ;get 2nd value int 21h   ;and display it pop dx    ;get 3rd value int 21h   ;and display it int 20h The output from above code would be… DCB Decoupling code using “call” and “ret” This is great, but it oversimplifies what I want to use the stack for… I do not know if this goes against the grain of assembly programmers or not, but I want to write loosely coupled assembly code – and I want to use the stack as a mechanism for passing values into my decoupled code. In nasm we have the call and return instructions, which provides a mechanism for decoupling code, for example the following could be done… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov ah,2h mov dx,41h int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: call displayChar int 20h   This would output the following to the console A So, it would seem that call and ret allow us to jump to segments of our code and then return back to the calling position – a form of segmenting the code into what we would called in higher order languages “functions” or “methods”. The only issue is, in higher order languages there is a way to pass parameters into the functions and return results. Because of the primitive nature of the call and ret instructions, this does not seem to be obvious. We could of course use the registers to pass values into the subroutine and set values coming out, but the problem with this is we… Have a limited number of registers Are threading our code with tight coupling (it would be hard to migrate methods outside of their intended use in a particular program to another one) With that in mind, I turn to the stack to provide a loosely coupled way of calling subroutines… First attempt with the Stack Initially I thought this would be simple… we could use code that looks as follows to achieve what I want… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov ah,2h pop dx int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: push 41h call displayChar int 20h   However running this application does not give the desired result, I want an ‘A’ to be returned, and I am getting something totally different (you will to). Reading up on the call and ret instructions a discovery is made… they are pushing and popping things onto and off the stack as well… When the call instruction is executed, the current value of IP (the address of the instruction to follow) is pushed onto the stack, when ret is called, the last value on the stack is popped off into the IP register. In effect what the above code is doing is as follows with the stack… push 41h push current value of ip pop current value of ip to dx pop 41h to ip This is not what I want, I need to access the 41h that I pushed onto the stack, but the call value (which is necessary) is putting something in my way. So, what to do? Remember we have other registers we can use as well as a thing called indirect addressing… So, after some reading around, I came up with the following approach using indirect addressing… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov bp,sp mov ah,2h mov dx,[bp+2] int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: push 41h call displayChar int 20h In essence, what I have done here is used a trick with the stack pointer… it goes as follows… Push 41 onto the stack Make the call to the function, which will push the IP register onto the stack and then jump to the displayChar label Move the value in the stack point to the bp register (sp currently points at IP register) Move the at the location of bp minus 2 bytes to dx (this is now the value 41h) display it, execute the ret instruction, which pops the ip value off the stack and goes back to the calling point This approach is still very raw, some further reading around shows that I should be pushing the value of bp onto the stack before replacing it with sp, but it is the starting thread to getting loosely coupled subroutines. Let’s see if you get what the following output would be? org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov bp,sp mov ah,2h mov dx,[bp+4] int 21h mov dx,[bp+2] int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: push 41h push 42h call displayChar int 20h The output is… AB Where to from here? If by any luck some assembly programmer comes along and see this code and notices that I have made some fundamental flaw in my logic… I would like to know, so please leave a comment… appreciate any feedback!

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• ASP.NET sending email through exchange problem

  - by Solmead

  I have an exchange 2010 server running on Windows 2008 R2, I also have a remote webserver running Windows 2003 with multiple sites on it (all asp.net mvc 2 sites). I setup a Transport in exchange and all the websites on my remote web server can send email no problem to anyone in the exchange server and to any external domain. Now for my problem. I am having issues with that webserver, so I moved one of the websites to run on my exchange server, it runs well (low hit website) except that email doesn't work from that site. I tried changing the Transport in exchange to add the IP address of the local machine and the 127.0.0.1 addresses and it still isn't sending any email. Any ideas on how to get this working? The remote websites can still send email no problem, the version of the site that I had to move on the remote server can still email, but on the exchange server for that website email does not send. I would guess it is a Transport issue, since it is running on the same server a firewall shouldn't be the issue. I changed the smtp setting in web.config to localhost, and now I do receive email to my account on the exchange server, but I do not receive any emails on outside addresses. To add more description, this is a custom developed asp.net mvc 2 website. And no errors were being generated in the code when sending the email in either case.

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• Exchange 2007 - Mailbox Database Recovery

  - by Phrontiste

  Exchange 2007 edb Can we restore Exchange edb (First storage group\mailbox database.edb) to another exchange server ? Do I just copy the edb to the new exchange server and delete the first storage group\mailbox database.edb and replace it with this one ? How can I get all the mailboxes from that (old) mailbox database.edb ? I had a exchange 2007 server with 10 mailboxes, I have installed exchange on another machine and was thinking if I can do the above ? or is there any way I can get all the mailboxes from that edb (old mailbox database) and import them into the new one. I have deleted the old exchange install I had (these are test machines) What are the steps required to get the DB working on the new machine ? Also, I am confused about the recovery storage group ? I can mount a mailbox database in recovery storage group, but when I try to get mailbox out of it, it won't match any thing ? can someone please assist in understanding RSG and how to restore the OLD mailbox database. thanks and regards Phrontiste

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• Exchange Full Access issue

  - by Benjamin Jones

  I was just hired as a System Admin for a small company. They use Exchange 2010 for their Mail Server. I've never had a permission issue like this with Exchange because I worked for a larger firm with less responsibility before. Their old system admin is LONG GONE, so I can't ask him what he did. The issue: Right now ANYONE can gain access to a mailbox and view the mail in the mailbox. This is disabled by default you say and you have to grant them full access ? You are right, but the old System Admin I guess didn't know what he was doing. SO right now user A can open up user B mailbox with out being granted permission. So here is what I found out. Every user in EMC Full Access Permission has Exchange Server group granted. Within the Exchange Server Group, Domain User's is a Member Of. Within Domain User's all user's are listed as Members. So my guess is because of this all users can access ANY mailbox? Well GOOD News. The company is small (35 people) and they are not computer savvy, so hopefully no one has figured out they can open anyone's mailbox.(From what I can tell no). Next thing I did was with my domain user in EMC, delete Exchange Servers Group in FUll Access Permissions and grant access to my user. I made sure that my memeber was apart of the Exchange Server Group. Went to our OWA site and now I don't have permission to my own mailbox. Re did everything to the way it was with my user and now I'm stuck. Any help? I would think granting a single user that is in the Exchange Server group, Full Access to that mailbox would enable them to open that mailbox???? I guess I am wrong.

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• Stack vs queue -based programming language efficiency [closed]

  - by Core Xii

  Suppose there are two programming languages; one where the only form of storage is one (preferred) or two (may be required for Turing-completeness) stacks, and another where the only form of storage is a single queue, with appropriate instructions in each to manipulate their respective storage to achieve Turing-completeness. Which one can more efficiently encode complex algorithms? Such that most given algorithms take less code to implement, less time to compute and less memory to do so. Also, how do they compare to a language with a traditional array (or unbounded tape, if you will) as storage?

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• Exchange 2003 mail non-delivery (NDR), spam activity? events 7002 & 7004

  - by HighTechGeek

  Windows Server 2003 Small Business Server SP2 Exchange Version 6.5 (Build 7638.2: Service Pack 2) This network has been neglected and has been having email problems for years and was on many blacklists. I was called in after the server eventually crashed... I got the server back up and running, but email problems persist. Outgoing mail delivery is sporadic. Sometimes the mail goes through, sometimes a delayed delivery report is generated after a day or more, and sometimes it seems to go through, but the recipient never receives it. Not sure if spammers are successfully using the server as a relay (see event entries below after turning on maximum SMTP logging)... User PCs infected with viruses and server was blacklisted on many sites (I used mxtoolbox.com) I have cleaned all the PCs and changed all passwords (including administrator) I have requested removal from all of the blacklists - most have removed the listing, some take more time. I have setup rDNS pointer records with the ISP (Comcast) - that was one reason for some of the blacklistings. I have tested that it's not an open relay using telnet as described here: www.amset.info/exchange/smtp-openrelay.asp I followed the advise of a Spamhaus & Microsoft article to enable maximum SMTP logging. http://www.spamhaus.org/faq/answers.lasso?section=isp%20spam%20issues#320 which directed me to Microsoft KB article 895853, specifically, the part 2/3 down titled: "If mail relay occurs from an account on an Exchange computer that is not configured as an open relay" . The Application Event Log is filling with this type of activity (Event ID 7002, 7002 & 3018 errors): Event Type: Error Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: SMTP Protocol Event ID: 7004 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 7:33:29 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: This is an SMTP protocol error log for virtual server ID 1, connection #621. The remote host "212.52.84.180", responded to the SMTP command "rcpt" with "550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] ". The full command sent was "RCPT TO: ". This will probably cause the connection to fail. and this: Event Type: Warning Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: SMTP Protocol Event ID: 7002 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 7:33:29 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: This is an SMTP protocol warning log for virtual server ID 1, connection #620. The remote host "212.52.84.170", responded to the SMTP command "rcpt" with "452 Too many recipients received this hour ". The full command sent was "RCPT TO: ". This may cause the connection to fail. or a variant of: Event Type: Warning Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: SMTP Protocol Event ID: 7002 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 8:39:21 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: This is an SMTP protocol warning log for virtual server ID 1, connection #661. The remote host "82.57.200.133", responded to the SMTP command "rcpt" with "421 Service not available - too busy ". The full command sent was "RCPT TO: ". This may cause the connection to fail. also Event Type: Error Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: NDR Event ID: 3018 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 9:49:37 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: A non-delivery report with a status code of 5.4.0 was generated for recipient rfc822;[email protected] (Message-ID ). Causes: This message indicates a DNS problem or an IP address configuration problem Solution: Check the DNS using nslookup or dnsq. Verify the IP address is in IPv4 literal format. Data: 0000: ef 02 04 c0 ï..À Any guidance and/or suggestions and/or tests to perform would be greatly appreciated.

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• opath syntax to force dynamic distribution group field as numerical comparison? (Exchange 2010)

  - by Matt

  I'm upgrading a (working) query based group (Exchange 2003) to a new and 'improved' dynamic distribution group (2010). For better or worse, our company decided to store everyone's employee ID in the pager field, so it's easy to manipulate via ADUC. That employee number has significance, as all employees are in a certain range, and all contractors are in a very different range. Basically, the new opath syntax appears to be using string compare on my pager field, even though it's a number. Let's say my employee ID is 3004, well, it's "less than" 4 from a string check POV. Set-DynamicDistributionGroup -Identity "my-funky-new-group" -RecipientFilter "(pager -lt 4) -and (pager -like '*') -and (RecipientType -eq 'UserMailbox')" Shows up in EMC with this: ((((((Pager -lt '4') -and (Pager -ne $null))) -and (RecipientType -eq 'UserMailbox'))) -and (-not(Name -like 'SystemMailbox{*')) -and (-not(Name -like 'CAS_{*')) -and (-not(RecipientTypeDetailsValue -eq 'MailboxPlan')) -and (-not(RecipientTypeDetailsValue -eq 'DiscoveryMailbox')) -and (-not(RecipientTypeDetailsValue -eq 'ArbitrationMailbox'))) This group should have max of 3 members right? Nope - I get a ton because of the string compare. I show up, and I'm in the 3000 range. Question: Anyone know a clever way to force this to be an integer check? The read-only LDAP filter on this group looks good, but of course it can't be edited. The LDAP representation (look ma, no quotes on the 4!) - Also interesting it sort of 'fills the' bed with the (pager=4) thing... (&(pager<=4)(!(pager=4))(pager=*)(objectClass=user)(objectCategory=person)(mailNickname=*)(msExchHomeServerName=*)(!(name=SystemMailbox{*))(!(name=CAS_{*))!(msExchRecipientTypeDetails=16777216))(!(msExchRecipientTypeDetails=536870912))(!(msExchRecipientTypeDetails=8388608))) If there is no solution, I suppose my recourse is either finding an unused field that actually will be treated as an integer, or most likely building this list with powershell every morning with my own automation - lame. I know of a few ways to fix this outside of the opath filter (designate "full-time" in another field, etc.), but would rather exchange do the lifting since this is the environment at the moment. Any insight would be great - thanks! Matt

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• How is the bottom of stack determined?

  - by Mask

  A stack is a contiguous block of memory containing data. A register called the stack pointer (SP) points to the top of the stack. The bottom of the stack is at a fixed address. How is the stack bottom fixed by the kernel?

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• Using Android 2.0 with Exchange server behind firewall

  - by Yurik

  Blackberry has an enterprise server that works with MS Exchange, and pushes all updates to the user's blackberry devices. We are considering switching to Android phones, which supposedly support Exchange servers. Will there be a similar program for Android? Are there any configuration changes that have to be done on Exchange server? (Exchange is behind the corp firewall).

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• Is it possible to restore a backup of Exchange 2007 to an Exchange 2010 box?

  - by Bart Roozendaal

  We are in the middle of a system recovery process and have the option of either restoring Exchange 2007 to our server or install Exchange 2010 as a new version. The question is: would we be able to restore the backup we made of the Exchange 2007 mailboxes to the new Exchange 2010 server? Would save us an upgrade later on. Please let me know what you think. Bye, Bart.

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• Attempting to ping RPC endpoint 6001/6004 (Exchange Information Store) on server on Exchange2010

  - by MadBoy

  I have Exchange 2010 in hosting setup like: TMG 2010 as load balancer Exchange 2010 x 2 (CAS,MAILBOX,HUB on each server) AD1, AD2 machines File witness All people currently connect thru OWA or POP3/SMTP and that works fine. The problem is autodiscovery doesn't work and RPC in terms of setting up Outlook doesn't work too. It doesn't work if I am connected with VPN or not. The thing is it used to work. Before reinstall of my machine 2 days ago I was able to get mails successfully thru Outlook that was set up using autodiscovery (but I was getting reports setting up of new clients wasn't working - so not sure why my outlook continued to work). I used https://www.testexchangeconnectivity.com to track it down and basically the message is more or less this: Attempting to ping RPC endpoint 6004 (NSPI Proxy Interface) on server autodiscover.domain.pl. The attempt to ping the endpoint failed. Additional Details The RPC_S_SERVER_UNAVAILABLE error (0x6ba) was thrown by the RPC Runtime process. I tried different solutions like disabling IP v6, followed couple of links and did all they proposed and it's still at the very same point: C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6001" TCP 0.0.0.0:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6002" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6003" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6004" I followed (and few others): http://helewix.com/blog/index.php/Microsoft-Solutions/2011/02/10/exchange-2010-how-to-open-ports-6001-6002-and-6004-on-your-server-for-telnet-to-work-and-rpc-to-be-able-to-connect-2 http://blogs.technet.com/b/exchange/archive/2008/06/20/3405633.aspx http://messagexchange.blogspot.com/2008/12/outlook-anywhere-failing-rpc-end-points.html Although most relate to Exchange 2007 and I have Exchange 2010 but there's not much things I can find on Exchange 2010 for the current problem. After applying all of those solutions error 6004 changed into error 6001 which doesn't bring me to my problems any closer. At this point even thou error was 6001 and 6004 was no more the 6004 port was still closed while 6001 stayed open. Attempting to ping RPC endpoint 6001 (Exchange Information Store) on server autodiscover.domain.pl. The attempt to ping the endpoint failed. Additional Details The RPC_S_SERVER_UNAVAILABLE error (0x6ba) was thrown by the RPC Runtime process. C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6001" TCP 0.0.0.0:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:6001 EXCHANGE2:0 LISTENING C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6002" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6003" C:\Users\admin>netstat -a | find "6004" So I reverted back to square one. I suspect it's a problem with TMG but really can't be sure. I tried multiple combinations but all fail.

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• Exchange not delivering the mail

  - by wolfvilleian

  I'm having an issue where my Exchange Edge Transport server receives mail (found in logs) and then it vanishes, never ending up in the users mailbox, I have a edge subscription setup between it and the main Exchange server, how can I go about tracing the message to figure out what is broken? I also have found records of the message in the logs on the main Exchange server. Thanks a ton for any help Edit: If I change port 25 on my main router to point to the main exchange server as opposed to the Edge Transport, email comes through fine form external domains and delivered in the correct mailbox

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• Exchange Not Delivering Email

  - by wolfvilleian

  I'm having an issue where my Exchange Edge Transport server receives mail (found in logs) and then it vanishes, never ending up in the users mailbox, I have a edge subscription setup between it and the main Exchange server, how can I go about tracing the message to figure out what is broken? I also have found records of the message in the logs on the main Exchange server. Thanks a ton for any help Edit: If I change port 25 on my main router to point to the main exchange server as opposed to the Edge Transport, email comes through fine form external domains and delivered in the correct mailbox

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• Search in Stack

  - by WPS

  Hi, I've a Java Stack created and some custom objects added to it. These objects contains unique id as one of their field. I need to get the index of that object in stack based on the unique name. Please find the example. class TestVO{ private String name; private String uniqueId; //getters and setters } public class TestStack{ public static void main(String args[]){ TestVO vo1=new TestVO(); TestVO vo2=new TestVO(); TestVO vo3=new TestVO(); vo1.setName("Test Name 1") vo1.setId("123") vo2.setName("Test name 2"); vo2.setId("234"); Stack<TestVO> stack=new Stack<TestVO>(); stack.add(vo1); stack.add(vo2); //I need to get the index of a VO from stack using it's unique ID } } Can someone please help me to implement this?

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• NPTL Default Stack Size Problem

  - by eyazici

  Hello, I am developing a multithread modular application using C programming language and NPTL 2.6. For each plugin, a POSIX thread is created. The problem is each thread has its own stack area, since default stack size depends on user's choice, this may results in huge memory consumption in some cases. To prevent unnecessary memory usage I used something similar to this to change stack size before creating each thread: pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init (&attr); pthread_attr_getstacksize(&attr, &st1); if(pthread_attr_setstacksize (&attr, MODULE_THREAD_SIZE) != 0) perror("Stack ERR"); pthread_attr_getstacksize(&attr, &st2); printf("OLD:%d, NEW:%d - MIN: %d\n", st1, st2, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN); pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED); /* "this" is static data structure that stores plugin related data */ pthread_create(&this->runner, &attr, (void *)(void *)this->run, NULL); EDIT I: pthread_create() section added. This did not work work as I expected, the stack size reported by pthread_attr_getstacksize() is changed but total memory usage of the application (from ps/top/pmap output) did not changed: OLD:10485760, NEW:65536 - MIN: 16384 When I use ulimit -s MY_STACK_SIZE_LIMIT before starting application I achieve the expected result. My questions are: 1-) Is there any portable(between UNIX variants) way to change (default)thread stack size after starting application(before creating thread of course)? 2-) Is it possible to use same stack area for every thread? 3-) Is it possible completely disable stack for threads without much pain?

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• stack and heap issue for iPhone memory management

  - by Forrest

  From this post I got know that the Objective-C runtime does not allow objects to be instantiated on the stack, but only on the heap; this means that you don’t have “automatic objects”, nor things like auto_ptr objects to help you manage memory; Someone give one example in post Objective C: Memory Allocation on stack vs. heap NSString* str = @"hello"; but this NSString is also not allocated in stack. Feel odd that this str is static. (Who can explain this ? ) Question here is that why there is no heap ? even mixing c++ together with Object C ? /////////////////////////////// Clear my question /////////////////////////////// I am confused , so questions are not clear. Let me put in this way. 1) All Object C objects should be alloc in stack ? ( I think yes ) 2)In C++, there are stack for memory, so for iOS app, also have stack ? ( I think yes ) 3) for iOS app, if only use Object C, so what is the usage of stack ? what kind of objects should use stack then ?

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• Implementing arrays using a stack

  - by Zack

  My programming language has no arrays, no lists, no pointers, no eval and no variable variables. All it has: Ordinary variables like you know them from most programming languages: They all have an exact name and a value. One stack. Functions provided are: push (add element to top), pop (remove element from top, get value) and empty (check if stack is empty) My language is turing-complete. (Basic arithmetics, conditional jumps, etc implemented) That means, it must be possible to implement some sort of list or array, right? But I have no idea how... What I want to achieve: Create a function which can retrieve and/or change an element x of the stack. I could easily add this function in the implementation of my language, in the interpreter, but I want to do it in my programming language. "Solution" one (Accessing an element x, counting from the stack top) Create a loop. Pop off the element from the stack top x times. The last element popped of is element number x. I end up with a destroyed stack. Solution two: Do the same as above, but store all popped off values in a second stack. Then you could move all elements back after you are done. But you know what? I don't have a second stack!

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• Write magic bytes to the stack to monitor its usage

  - by tkarls

  I have a problem on an embedded device that I think might be related to a stack overflow. In order to test this I was planning to fill the stack with magic bytes and then periodically check if the stack has overflowed by examining how much of my magic bytes that are left intact. But I can't get the routine for marking the stack to work. The application keeps crashing instantly. This is what I have done just at the entry point of the program. //fill most of stack with magic bytes int stackvar = 0; int stackAddr = int(&stackvar); int stackAddrEnd = stackAddr - 25000; BYTE* stackEnd = (BYTE*) stackAddrEnd; for(int i = 0; i < 25000; ++i) { *(stackEnd + i) = 0xFA; } Please note that the allocated stack is larger than 25k. So I'm counting on some stack space to already be used at this point. Also note that the stack grows from higher to lower addresses that's why I'm trying to fill from the bottom and up. But as I said, this will crash. I must be missing something here.

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• Why is a journal rule in Exchange 2007 causing messages to arrive in the journal account in non-enve

  - by Bocker

  The bulk of the messages in the journal account on Exchange 2k7 arrive in the appropriate format, message body contains header information while actual message body is attached, but a rather large number of messages are arriving in the journal without this format. The to/from pair of these messages does not show the journal as a recipient, so this isn't a case of the journal receiving these as a recipient. They appear to be journaled using the journal rule, but the format is incorrect.

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• Dual Exchange 2010 on different VM + single public IP + multiple domains

  - by Shivan Raptor

  Here is the scenario: I have 2 Exchange Server 2010 on 2 different Virtual Machines, created by and based on Hyper-V. They have IP and domain: 192.168.5.11, domainA.com ; and 192.168.5.12, domainB.com respectively. The problem is, I only have 1 public IP, say 123.123.1.1 . How do I configure the settings so that I can successfully receive emails using both Exchange servers? Given that I cannot use single Exchange server for multiple domains. -- UPDATE -- To clarify, the domainA.com and domainB.com mentioned above are website domains, instead of multiple Active Directory forests. Users of the two Exchange Server shares the same Active Directory. I know that ONE Exchange Server can handle multiple domains, but I would like to separate them into different Virtual Machines, for load balancing and data separation.

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