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• Some general C questions.

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hello. I am trying to fully understand the process pro writing code in some language to execution by OS. In my case, the language would be C and the OS would be Windows. So far, I read many different articles, but I am not sure, whether I understand the process right, and I would like to ask you if you know some good articles on some subjects I couldn´t find. So, what I think I know about C (and basically other languages): C compiler itself handles only data types, basic math operations, pointers operations, and work with functions. By work with functions I mean how to pass argument to it, and how to get output from function. During compilation, function call is replaced by passing arguments to stack, and than if function is not inline, its call is replaced by some symbol for linker. Linker than find the function definition, and replace the symbol to jump adress to that function (and of course than jump back to program). If the above is generally true and I get it right, where to final .exe file actually linker saves the functions? After the main() function? And what creates the .exe header? Compiler or Linker? Now, additional capabilities of C, today known as C standart library is set of functions and the declarations of them, that other programmers wrote to extend and simplify use of C language. But these functions like printf() were (or could be?) written in different language, or assembler. And there comes my next question, can be, for example printf() function be written in pure C without use of assembler? I know this is quite big question, but I just mostly want to know, wheather I am right or not. And trust me, I read a lots of articles on the web, and I would not ask you, If I could find these infromation together on one place, in one article. Insted I must piece by piece gather informations, so I am not sure if I am right. Thanks.

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• What does this code from AuthKit do? (where are these functions and methods defined?)

  - by Beau Simensen

  I am trying to implement my own authentication method for AuthKit and am trying to figure out how some of the built-in methods work. In particular, I'm trying to figure out how to update the REMOTE_USER for environ correctly. This is how it is handled inside of authkit.authenticate.basic but it is pretty confusing. I cannot find anyplace where REMOTE_USER and AUTH_TYPE are defined. Is there something strange going on here and if so, what is it? def __call__(self, environ, start_response): environ['authkit.users'] = self.users result = self.authenticate(environ) if isinstance(result, str): AUTH_TYPE.update(environ, 'basic') REMOTE_USER.update(environ, result) return self.application(environ, start_response) There are actually a number of all uppercase things like this that I cannot find a definition for. For example, where does AUTHORIZATION come from below: def authenticate(self, environ): authorization = AUTHORIZATION(environ) if not authorization: return self.build_authentication() (authmeth, auth) = authorization.split(' ',1) if 'basic' != authmeth.lower(): return self.build_authentication() auth = auth.strip().decode('base64') username, password = auth.split(':',1) if self.authfunc(environ, username, password): return username return self.build_authentication() I feel like maybe I am missing some special syntax handling for the environ dict, but it is possible that there is something else really weird going on here that isn't immediately obvious to someone as new to Python as myself.

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• Strange C++ performance difference?

  - by STingRaySC

  I just stumbled upon a change that seems to have counterintuitive performance ramifications. Can anyone provide a possible explanation for this behavior? Original code: for (int i = 0; i < ct; ++i) { // do some stuff... int iFreq = getFreq(i); double dFreq = iFreq; if (iFreq != 0) { // do some stuff with iFreq... // do some calculations with dFreq... } } While cleaning up this code during a "performance pass," I decided to move the definition of dFreq inside the if block, as it was only used inside the if. There are several calculations involving dFreq so I didn't eliminate it entirely as it does save the cost of multiple run-time conversions from int to double. I expected no performance difference, or if any at all, a negligible improvement. However, the perfomance decreased by nearly 10%. I have measured this many times, and this is indeed the only change I've made. The code snippet shown above executes inside a couple other loops. I get very consistent timings across runs and can definitely confirm that the change I'm describing decreases performance by ~10%. I would expect performance to increase because the int to double conversion would only occur when iFreq != 0. Chnaged code: for (int i = 0; i < ct; ++i) { // do some stuff... int iFreq = getFreq(i); if (iFreq != 0) { // do some stuff with iFreq... double dFreq = iFreq; // do some stuff with dFreq... } } Can anyone explain this? I am using VC++ 9.0 with /O2. I just want to understand what I'm not accounting for here.

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• XML Schema and element with type string

  - by svick

  I'm trying to create an XML Schema and I'm stuck. It seems I can't define an element with string content. What am I doing wrong? Schema: <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://ponderka.wz.cz/MusicLibrary0" targetNamespace="http://ponderka.wz.cz/MusicLibrary0"> <xs:element name="music-library"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="artist" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema> Document: <?xml version="1.0"?> <music-library xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://ponderka.wz.cz/MusicLibrary0 data0.xsd" xmlns="http://ponderka.wz.cz/MusicLibrary0"> <artist>a</artist> </music-library> The validator says: Element <artist> is not allowed under element <music-library>. Reason: The following elements are expected at this location (see below) <artist> Error location: music-library / artist Details cvc-model-group: Element <artist> unexpected by type '{anonymous}' of element <music-library>. cvc-elt.5.2.1: The element <music-library> is not valid with respect to the actual type definition '{anonymous}'.

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• Axis2 Class Generation

  - by Jack

  I have an instance of a derived class (called Child) that I would like to send between the client and server of my web service. However, the method that might be returning this instance, is marked as returning an instance of the parent class (called Parent). For example: public class Service{public Parent createInstanceOfParentOrChildObject();} While Child is not a parameter anywhere in the service nor is it ever specifically named as a return type (only Parent is ever named), it is nonetheless generated and returned inside certain methods (and then cast to Parent). I generated the wsdl file using Axis2 1.4.1 java2wsdl and specifying that it include this class (using the -xc parameter). I did not use Axis2 1.5.1 because it was not honoring the -xc parameter though it looks like that bug is supposedly fixed in Axis2 1.6. I even did a quick check of the generated .wsdl file to ensure that it did indeed include a definition for Child (and, of course, Parent). However, when I used wsdl2java to generate the server-side (and client-side) code, Child was not generated. How can I get wsdl2java to generate Child? I realize that I could do this by hand but I don't want to have to do this for both the client and server. I was also hoping that I could make this as easy as possible for people to use my wsdl to generate their own clients.

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• ManyToManyField "table exist" error on syncdb

  - by Derek Reynolds

  When I include a ModelToModelField to one of my models the following error is thrown. Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 11, in <module> execute_manager(settings) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 362, in execute_manager utility.execute() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 303, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 195, in run_from_argv self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 222, in execute output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in handle return self.handle_noargs(**options) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/syncdb.py", line 93, in handle_noargs cursor.execute(statement) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 19, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 84, in execute return self.cursor.execute(query, args) File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 173, in execute File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler _mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'orders_proof_approved_associations' already exists") Field definition: approved_associations = models.ManyToManyField(Association) Everything works fine when I remove the field, and the table is no where in site. Any thoughts as to why this would happen?

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• Why user control with code behind file doesn't want to compile under MVC2?

  - by kyrisu

  I have user control in my MVC2 app placed in the Content folder (it's not supposed to be a view, just reusable part of the app). UserControl1.ascx looks like: <@ Control AutoEventWireup="true" Language="C#" CodeFile="~/Content/UserControl1.ascx.cs" Inherits="MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1" %> <div runat="server" id="mydiv"> <asp:LinkButton id="lb_text" runat="server"></asp:LinkButton> </div> UserControl1.ascx.cs looks like: using System; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; namespace MVCDrill.Content { public class UserControl1 : UserControl { public string Text { get { return this.lb_text.Text; } set { this.lb_text.Text = value; } } } } I'm pretty sure this kind of stuff compiled under webforms but I'm getting compilation error: 'MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1' does not contain a definition for 'lb_text' and no extension method 'lb_text' accepting a first argument of type 'MVCDrill.Content.UserControl1' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Am I missing something? How to change it (what is the alternative) in MVC2 ? p.s. Intellisense sees lb_text with no problem. I've tried with different controls with the same outcome.

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• how to better (inambiguaously) use the terms CAPTCHA and various types of interactions?

  - by vgv8

  I am working on survey of state-of-the-art and trends of spam prevention techniques. I observe that non-intrusive, transparent to visitor spam prevention techniques (like context-based filtering or honey traps) are frequently called non-captcha. Is it correct understanding of term CAPTCHA which is "type of challenge-response [ 2 ]test used in computing to ensure that the response is not generated by a compute" [ 1 ] and challenge-response does not seem to imply obligatory human involvement. So, which understanding (definition) of term and classification I'd better to stick with? How would I better call CAPTCHA without direct human interaction in order to avoid ambiguity and confusion of terms understnding? How would I better (succinctly and unambiguously) coin the term for captchas requiring human interaction but without typing into textbox? How would I better (succinctly and unambiguously) coin the terms to mark the difference between human interaction with images (playing, drag&dropping, rearranging, clicking with images) vs. just recognizing them (and then typing into a textbox the answer without interaction with images)? PS. The problem is that recognition of a wiggled word in an image or typing the answer to question is also interaction and when I start to use the terms "interaction", "interactive", "captcha", "protection", "non-captcha", "non-interactive", "static", "dynamic", "visible", "hidden" the terms overlap ambiguously with which another (especailly because the definitions or their actual practice of usage are vague or contradictive). [ 1 ] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA

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• PJSIP Custom Registration Header (iOS)

  - by Daniel Redington

  I am attempting to setup SIP communication with an internal server (using the PJSIP library), however, this server requires a custom header field with a specified header value for the REGISTRATION call. For example's sake we'll call this required header "MyHeader". From what I've found, the pjsua_acc_add() function will add an account and register it to the server using a config struct. The parameter "reg_hdr_list" of the config struct has the description "The optional custom SIP headers to be put in the registration request." Which sounds like exactly what I need, however doesn't seem to have any effect on the call itself. Here's what I have so far: pjsua_acc_config cfg; pjsua_acc_config_default(&cfg); //...Some other config stuff related to the server... pjsip_hdr test; test.name = pj_str("MyHeader"); test.sname = pj_str("MyHdr"); test.type = PJSIP_H_OTHER; test.prev = cfg.reg_hdr_list.prev; test.next = cfg.reg_hdr_list.next; cfg.reg_hdr_list = test; pj_status_t status; status = pjsua_acc_add(&cfg, PJ_TRUE, &acc_id); From the server side, there are no extra header fields or anything. And the struct that is used to define the header (pjsua_hdr) has no "value" or equivalent field, so even if it did create the header, how does it set the value? Here's the refrence for the header list definition: Link And the reference for the header struct: Link Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• Learning Objective-C: Need advice on populating NSMutableDictionary

  - by Zigrivers

  I am teaching myself Objective-C utilizing a number of resources, one of which is the Stanford iPhone Dev class available via iTunes U (past 2010 class). One of the home work assignments asked that I populate a mutable dictionary with a predefined list of keys and values (URLs). I was able to put the code together, but as I look at it, I keep thinking there is probably a much better way for me to approach what I'm trying to do: Populate a NSMutableDictionary with the predefined keys and values Enumerate through the keys of the dictionary and check each key to see if it starts with "Stanford" If it meets the criteria, log both the key and the value I would really appreciate any feedback on how I might improve on what I've put together. I'm the very definition of a beginner, but I'm really enjoying the challenge of learning Objective-C. void bookmarkDictionary () { NSMutableDictionary* bookmarks = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; NSString* one = @"Stanford University", *two = @"Apple", *three = @"CS193P", *four = @"Stanford on iTunes U", *five = @"Stanford Mall"; NSString* urlOne = @"http://www.stanford.edu", *urlTwo = @"http://www.apple.com", *urlThree = @"http://cs193p.stanford.edu", *urlFour = @"http://itunes.stanford.edu", *urlFive = @"http://stanfordshop.com"; NSURL* oneURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlOne]; NSURL* twoURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlTwo]; NSURL* threeURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlThree]; NSURL* fourURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlFour]; NSURL* fiveURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlFive]; [bookmarks setObject:oneURL forKey:one]; [bookmarks setObject:twoURL forKey:two]; [bookmarks setObject:threeURL forKey:three]; [bookmarks setObject:fourURL forKey:four]; [bookmarks setObject:fiveURL forKey:five]; NSString* akey; NSString* testString = @"Stanford"; for (akey in bookmarks) { if ([akey hasPrefix:testString]) { NSLog(@"Key: %@ URL: %@", akey, [bookmarks objectForKey:akey]); } } } Thanks for your help!

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• How can I get the Hibernate Configuration object from Spring?

  - by Wayne Russell

  Hi, I am trying to obtain Spring-defined Hibernate Configuration and SessionFactory objects in my non-Spring code. The following is the definition in my applicationContext.xml file: Code: <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider</prop> </props> </property> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource"/> </property> </bean> If I now call getBean("sessionFactory"), I am returned a $Proxy0 object which appears to be a proxy for the Hibernate SessionFactory object. But that isn't what I want - I need the LocalSessionFactoryBean itself because I need access to the Configuration as well as the SessionFactory. The reason I need the Configuration object is that our framework is able to use Hibernate's dynamic model to automatically insert mappings at runtime; this requires that we change the Configuration and rebuild the SessionFactory. Really, all we're trying to do is obtain the Hibernate config that already exists in Spring so that those of our customers that already have that information in Spring don't need to duplicate it into a hibernate.cfg.xml file in order to use our Hibernate features.

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• What is the correct date format for a Date column in YUI DataTable ?

  - by giulio

  I have produced a data table. All the columns are sortable. It has a date in one column which I formatted dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss . This is different from the default format as defined in the doco, but I should be able to define my own format for non-american formats. (See below) The DataTable class provides a set of built-in static functions to format certain well-known types of data. In your Column definition, if you set a Column's formatter to YAHOO.widget.DataTable.formatDate, that function will render data of type Date with the default syntax of "MM/DD/YYYY". If you would like to bypass a built-in formatter in favor of your own, you can point a Column's formatter to a custom function that you define. The table is generated from HTML Markup, so the data is held within "" tags. This gives me some more clues about compatible string dates for javascript: In general, the RecordSet expects to hold data in native JavaScript types. For instance, a date is expected to be a JavaScript Date instance, not a string like "4/26/2005" in order to sort properly. Converting data types as data comes into your RecordSet is enabled through the parser property in the fields array of your DataSource's responseSchema I suspect that the I'm missing something in the date format. So what is an acceptable string date for javascript, that Yui dataTable will recognise, given that I want format it as "dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss" ?

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• CodeDom : compile partial class

  - by James

  I'm attempting to compile code in a text file to change a value in a TextBox on the main form of a WinForms application. Ie. add another partial class with method to the calling form. The form has one button (button1) and one TextBox (textBox1). The code in the text file is: this.textBox1.Text = "Hello World!!"; And the code: namespace WinFormCodeCompile { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Load code from file StreamReader sReader = new StreamReader(@"Code.txt"); string input = sReader.ReadToEnd(); sReader.Close(); // Code literal string code = @"using System; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WinFormCodeCompile { public partial class Form1 : Form { public void UpdateText() {" + input + @" } } }"; // Compile code CSharpCodeProvider cProv = new CSharpCodeProvider(); CompilerParameters cParams = new CompilerParameters(); cParams.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("mscorlib.dll"); cParams.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll"); cParams.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Windows.Forms.dll"); cParams.GenerateExecutable = false; cParams.GenerateInMemory = true; CompilerResults cResults = cProv.CompileAssemblyFromSource(cParams, code); // Check for errors if (cResults.Errors.Count != 0) { foreach (var er in cResults.Errors) { MessageBox.Show(er.ToString()); } } else { // Attempt to execute method. object obj = cResults.CompiledAssembly.CreateInstance("WinFormCodeCompile.Form1"); Type t = obj.GetType(); t.InvokeMember("UpdateText", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, obj, null); } } } } When I compile the code, the CompilerResults returns an error that says WinFormCodeCompile.Form1 does not contain a definition for textBox1. Is there a way to dynamically create another partial class file to the calling assembly and execute that code? I assume I'm missing something really simple here.

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• MVC View Model Intellisense / Compile error

  - by Marty Trenouth

  I have one Library with my ORM and am working with a MVC Application. I have a problem where the pages won't compile because the Views can't see the Model's properties (which are inherited from lower level base classes). They system throws a compile error saying that 'object' does not contain a definition for 'ID' and no extension method 'ID' accepting a first argument of type 'object' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) implying that the View is not seeing the model. In the Controller I have full access to the Model and have check the Inherits from portion of the view to validate the correct type is being passed. Controller: return View(new TeraViral_Blog()); View: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<com.models.TeraViral_Blog>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Index2 </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2>Index2</h2> <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <p> ID: <%= Html.Encode(Model.ID) %> </p> </fieldset> </asp:Content>

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• Two classes and inline functions

  - by klew

  I have two classes and both of them uses some of the other class, on example: // class1.h class Class1; #include "class2.h" class Class1 { public: static Class2 *C2; ... }; // class2.h class Class2; #include "class1.h" class Class2 { public: static Class1 *C1; ... }; And when I define it like in example above, it works (I also have some #ifndef to avoid infinite header recurency). But I also want to add some inline functions to my classes. And I read here that I should put definition of inline function in header file, because it won't work if I'll put them in cpp file and want to call them from other cpp file (when I do it I get undefined reference during linking). But the problem here is with something like this: // class1.h ... inline void Class1::Foo() { C2->Bar(); } I get error: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct Class2’. So how can I do it?

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• Data Contract Serialization Not Working For All Elements

  - by splatto

  I have an XML file that I'm trying to serialize into an object. Some elements are being ignored. My XML File: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <License xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/MyApp.Domain"> <Guid>7FF07F74-CD5F-4369-8FC7-9BF50274A8E8</Guid> <Url>http://www.gmail.com</Url> <ValidKey>true</ValidKey> <CurrentDate>3/1/2010 9:39:28 PM</CurrentDate> <RegistrationDate>3/8/2010 9:39:28 PM</RegistrationDate> <ExpirationDate>3/8/2099 9:39:28 PM</ExpirationDate> </License> My class definition: [DataContract] public class License { [DataMember] public virtual int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string Guid { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string ValidKey { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string Url { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string CurrentDate { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string RegistrationDate { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string ExpirationDate { get; set; } } And my Serialization attempt: XmlDocument Xmldoc = new XmlDocument(); Xmldoc.Load(string.Format(url)); string xml = Xmldoc.InnerXml; var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(License)); var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(xml)); License license = (License)serializer.ReadObject(memoryStream); memoryStream.Close(); The following elements are serialized: Guid ValidKey The following elements are not serialized: Url CurrentDate RegistrationDate ExpirationDate Replacing the string dates in the xml file with "blah" doesn't work either. What gives?

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• Hiring a programmer: looking for the "right attitude"

  - by Totophil

  It's actually two questions in one: What is the right attitude for a programmer? How do you (or would you) look for one when interviewing or during hiring process? Please note this question is not about personality or traits of a candidate, it is about their attitude towards what they do for living. This is also not about reverse of programmers pet peeves. The question has been made community wiki, since I am interested in a good answer rather than reputation. I disagree that the question is purely subjective and just a matter of opinion: clearly some attitudes make a better programmer than others. Consecutively, there might quite possibly exist an attitude that is common to the most of the better programmers. Update: After some deliberation I came up with the following attitude measurement scales: identifies themselves with the job ? fully detached perceives code as a collection of concepts ? sees code as a sequence of steps thinks of creating software as an art ? takes 100% rational approach to design and development Answers that include some sort of a comment on the appropriateness of these scales are greatly appreciated. Definition of "attitude": a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways; "he had the attitude that work was fun" The question came as a result of some reflection on the top voted answer to "How do you ensure code quality?" here on Stack Overflow.

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• Write a compiler for a language that looks ahead and multiple files?

  - by acidzombie24

  In my language I can use a class variable in my method when the definition appears below the method. It can also call methods below my method and etc. There are no 'headers'. Take this C# example. class A { public void callMethods() { print(); B b; b.notYetSeen(); public void print() { Console.Write("v = {0}", v); } int v=9; } class B { public void notYetSeen() { Console.Write("notYetSeen()\n"); } } How should I compile that? what i was thinking is: pass1: convert everything to an AST pass2: go through all classes and build a list of define classes/variable/etc pass3: go through code and check if there's any errors such as undefined variable, wrong use etc and create my output But it seems like for this to work I have to do pass 1 and 2 for ALL files before doing pass3. Also it feels like a lot of work to do until I find a syntax error (other than the obvious that can be done at parse time such as forgetting to close a brace or writing 0xLETTERS instead of a hex value). My gut says there is some other way. Note: I am using bison/flex to generate my compiler.

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• Finding subsets that can be completed to tuples without duplicates

  - by Jules

  We have a collection of sets A_1,..,A_n. The goal is to find new sets for each of the old sets. newA_i = {a_i in A_i such that there exist (a_1,..,a_n) in (A1,..,An) with no a_k = a_j for all k and j} So in words this says that we remove all the elements from A_i that can't be used to form a tuple (a_1,..a_n) from the sets (A_1,..,A_n) such that the tuple doesn't contain duplicates. My question is how to compute these new sets quickly. If you just implement this definition by generating all possible v's this will take exponential time. Do you know a better algorithm? Edit: here's an example. Take A_1 = {1,2,3,4} A_2 = {2}. Now the new sets look like this: newA_1 = {1,3,4} newA_2 = {2} The 2 has been removed from A_1 because if you choose it the tuple will always be (2,2) which is invalid because it contains duplicates. On the other hand 1,3,4 are valid because (1,2), (3,2) and (4,2) are valid tuples. Another example: A_1 = {1,2,3} A_2 = {1,4,5} A_3 = {2,4,5} A_4 = {1,2,3} A_5 = {1,2,3} Now the new sets are: newA_1 = {1,2,3} newA_2 = {4,5} newA_3 = {4,5} newA_4 = {1,2,3} newA_5 = {1,2,3} The 1 and 2 are removed from sets 2 and 3 because if you choose the 1 or 2 from these sets you'll only have 2 values left for sets 1, 4 and 5, so you will always have duplicates in tuples that look like (_,1,_,_,_) or like (_,_,2,_,_).

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• XML Serialization Not Working For All Elements (C#)

  - by splatto

  I have an XML file that I'm trying to serialize into an object. Some elements are being ignored. My XML File: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <License xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/MyApp.Domain"> <Guid>7FF07F74-CD5F-4369-8FC7-9BF50274A8E8</Guid> <Url>http://www.gmail.com</Url> <ValidKey>true</ValidKey> <CurrentDate>3/1/2010 9:39:28 PM</CurrentDate> <RegistrationDate>3/8/2010 9:39:28 PM</RegistrationDate> <ExpirationDate>3/8/2099 9:39:28 PM</ExpirationDate> </License> My class definition: [DataContract] public class License { [DataMember] public virtual int Id { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string Guid { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string ValidKey { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string Url { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string CurrentDate { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string RegistrationDate { get; set; } [DataMember] public virtual string ExpirationDate { get; set; } } And my Serialization attempt: XmlDocument Xmldoc = new XmlDocument(); Xmldoc.Load(string.Format(url)); string xml = Xmldoc.InnerXml; var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(License)); var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(xml)); License license = (License)serializer.ReadObject(memoryStream); memoryStream.Close(); The following elements are serialized: Guid ValidKey The following elements are not serialized: Url CurrentDate RegistrationDate ExpirationDate Replacing the string dates in the xml file with "blah" doesn't work either. What gives?

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• What are the most interesting equivalences arising from the Curry-Howard Isomorphism?

  - by Tom

  I came upon the Curry-Howard Isomorphism relatively late in my programming life, and perhaps this contributes to my being utterly fascinated by it. It implies that for every programming concept there exists a precise analogue in formal logic, and vice versa. Here's an "obvious" list of such analogies, off the top of my head: program/definition | proof type/declaration | proposition inhabited type | theorem function | implication function argument | hypothesis/antecedent function result | conclusion/consequent function application | modus ponens recursion | induction identity function | tautology non-terminating function | absurdity tuple | conjunction (and) disjoint union | exclusive disjunction (xor) parametric polymorphism | universal quantification So, to my question: what are some of the more interesting/obscure implications of this isomorphism? I'm no logician so I'm sure I've only scratched the surface with this list. For example, here are some programming notions for which I'm unaware of pithy names in logic: currying | "((a & b) => c) iff (a => (b => c))" scope | "known theory + hypotheses" And here are some logical concepts which I haven't quite pinned down in programming terms: primitive type? | axiom set of valid programs? | theory ? | disjunction (or)

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• Inflated ImageView to put in GalleryView isn't the right size

  - by Richard

  I am trying to inflate an ImageView that scales a Drawable that I can display in a GalleryView. My code to inflate the view seems to work fine, except that the attributes of the ImageView are not applied. Specifically, the inflated ImageView does not have the width/height that I set for it via the android:layout params in XML. Can someone show me what I'm doing wrong? I want to set the width/height of the image in dp, so that it is the correct size across multiple screen dpis and support Android 1.5+. As a result I cannot use something like: i.setLayoutParams(new Gallery.LayoutParams(150, 116) My layout definition is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ImageView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="150dp" android:layout_height="116dp" android:background="@drawable/gallery_item_background" android:scaleType="fitXY" /> </ImageView> And the snippet I am using to inflate the ImageView is: public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater(); ImageView i = (ImageView) inflater.inflate(R.layout.gallery_item, null); i.setImageResource(mImageIds.get(position)); i.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_XY); return i; }

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• Ruby: add custom properties to built-in classes

  - by dreftymac

  Question: Using Ruby it is simple to add custom methods to existing classes, but how do you add custom properties? Here is an example of what I am trying to do: myarray = Array.new(); myarray.concat([1,2,3]); myarray._meta_ = Hash.new(); # obviously, this wont work myarray._meta_['createdby'] = 'dreftymac'; myarray._meta_['lastupdate'] = '1993-12-12'; ## desired result puts myarray._meta_['createdby']; #=> 'dreftymac' puts myarray.inspect() #=> [1,2,3] The goal is to construct the class definition in such a way that the stuff that does not work in the example above will work as expected. Update: (clarify question) One aspect that was left out of the original question: it is also a goal to add "default values" that would ordinarily be set-up in the initialize method of the class. Update: (why do this) Normally, it is very simple to just create a custom class that inherits from Array (or whatever built-in class you want to emulate). This question derives from some "testing-only" code and is not an attempt to ignore this generally acceptable approach.

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• Ruby: add custom properties to built-in classes

  - by dreftymac

  Question: Using Ruby it is simple to add custom methods to existing classes, but how do you add custom properties? Here is an example of what I am trying to do: myarray = Array.new(); myarray.concat([1,2,3]); myarray._meta_ = Hash.new(); # obviously, this wont work myarray._meta_['createdby'] = 'dreftymac'; myarray._meta_['lastupdate'] = '1993-12-12'; ## desired result puts myarray._meta_['createdby']; #=> 'dreftymac' puts myarray.inspect() #=> [1,2,3] The goal is to construct the class definition in such a way that the stuff that does not work in the example above will work as expected. Update: (clarify question) One aspect that was left out of the original question: it is also a goal to add "default values" that would ordinarily be set-up in the initialize method of the class. Update: (why do this) Normally, it is very simple to just create a custom class that inherits from Array (or whatever built-in class you want to emulate). This question derives from some "testing-only" code and is not an attempt to ignore this generally acceptable approach.

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• Change specificity by child

  - by jim red

  hi I'd like to integrate a theme tag to my elements so they appear in diffrent colours. But since the css selectors have the same css specificity the latest overrides the earlier defined rule. this is an example that shows my problem: .... <div class="red"> <div class="box">This should be red</div> <div class="yellow"> ... <div class="box">This should be yellow (nested in x levels under the div.yellow)</div> ... </div> .... and here my css .box { width: 100px; height: 100px; } .yellow { background-color: yellow; } .red { background-color: red; } the box should be listed somewhere, but as soon as it is a sub child of another color definition it should been overwritten. thanks for any help! //jim

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