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  • C programming multiple storage backends

    - by ahjmorton
    I am starting a side project in C which requires multiple storage backends to be driven by a particular piece of logic. These storage backends would each be linked with the decision of which one to use specified at runtime. So for example if I invoke my program with one set of parameters it will perform the operations in memory but if I change the program configuration it would write to disk. The underlying idea is that each storage backend should implement the same protocol. In other words the logic for performing operations should need to know which backend it is operating on. Currently the way I have thought to provide this indirection is to have a struct of function pointers with the logic calling these function pointers. Essentially the struct would contain all the operations needed to implement the higher level logic E.g. struct Context { void (* doPartOfDoOp)(void) int (* getResult)(void); } //logic.h void doOp(Context * context) { //bunch of stuff context->doPartOfDoOp(); } int getResult(Context * context) { //bunch of stuff return context->getResult(); } My questions is if this way of solving the problem is one a C programmer would understand? I am a Java developer by trade but enjoy using C/++. Essentially the Context struct provides an interface like level of indirection. However I would like to know if there is a more idiomatic way of achieving this.

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  • Removing a pattern from the beggining and end of a string in ruby

    - by seaneshbaugh
    So I found myself needing to remove <br /> tags from the beginning and end of strings in a project I'm working on. I made a quick little method that does what I need it to do but I'm not convinced it's the best way to go about doing this sort of thing. I suspect there's probably a handy regular expression I can use to do it in only a couple of lines. Here's what I got: def remove_breaks(text) if text != nil and text != "" text.strip! index = text.rindex("<br />") while index != nil and index == text.length - 6 text = text[0, text.length - 6] text.strip! index = text.rindex("<br />") end text.strip! index = text.index("<br />") while index != nil and index == 0 text = test[6, text.length] text.strip! index = text.index("<br />") end end return text end Now the "<br />" could really be anything, and it'd probably be more useful to make a general use function that takes as an argument the string that needs to be stripped from the beginning and end. I'm open to any suggestions on how to make this cleaner because this just seems like it can be improved.

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  • Login to OS X Server User Account from Local Computer

    - by Brod Wilkinson
    I have OS X Server installed on a mac mini. I've created several User accounts, one of which is Account Name: Bob Password: abc123 From the Mac Mini's login screen I can choose "Server" (main account) "Bob" (Bobs account) and "Other..." OS X Server Accounts, from "Other..." if I input Bobs credentials it will log me in. I also have a macbook air, I would like to be able to select from the Login Screen "Other..." input Bobs credentials and have it login to Bobs account, or any other User Account for that matter. My Server is setup as private with the server address: server.network.private Following some googled instructions as well as apples very own instructions I have: Setup an Open Directory with Username: diradmin Password: abc123 Then on the macbook air gone into System Preferences > Users & Groups > Login Options and clicked Join next to Network Account Server, input my server (server.network.private) with diradmin credentials and its connected. Great. I've also ticked Allow Network Users to Login and Login Window and selected All Users. I was assuming this would allow my macbook air to login to the "Bob" account by selecting "Other..." from the login window although there is no "Other..." option. I then setup a VPN, basic credentials, logged into it on the macbook air and still not much has changed. I am able to share screens with the "Bob" account form my macbook air by logging in by clicking Share Screen... from the Finder under Shared > Network Server and then clicking Login In but this obviously requires the macbook air to already be logged into an account before it can share screens which is not suitable. Is there any way to simply login to the OS X Server User Account from the macbook air's login screen via the "Other..." like it does on the mac mini's login screen? Thanks in advance. Operating System: OS X 10.9 Mavericks OS X Server: Version 3

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  • Change the number of consecutive frequent ssh login before temporary blocking the user login

    - by Kenneth
    my server currently would temporarily refuse a user to login for certain amount of time (maybe ~20min) if the user consecutively frequent ssh login for 3 times. Can I change this behaviour (say relaxed the definition of frequent maybe from 'within 5 sec' to 'within 10 sec'; or increase the # of consecutive login from 3 to 5)? Thanks. Added: Ah.. now I think the problem was not with the ssh. I just tried on another newly installed server. consecutive successful login won't block the user. I have no sudo permission on the server I mentioned above. Now I suspect this behaviour may cause by the firewall in the system. Thanks everyone's comments. ADDED 2: Ah... after some searches. I think the server is using /sbin/iptables to do it as I can see the iptables program is there even though I don't have permission to list the rules. Thanks everyone, special thank to jaume and Mark!

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  • User-friendly program to create editable & searchable pdf files, like tax & application forms and su

    - by Nick Gorbikoff
    Hello. Can somebody recommend user-friendly program that will create ( or convert from Excel & Word, or OpenOffice) editable pdf forms. You know like tax forms, that some of us filled out. Where you can create a form with predefined format and stationary, but let user edit/fill out fields. I need something user-friendly that a regular person can use. I'm NOT looking for a pdf library ( I already use wkhtmltopdf for generating pdfs programmaticaly). The reason is that we have about 400 documents ( internal expense forms, traing forms, etc) in .doc and .xls format that we want to convert to editable pdf ( so that people don't have to fill them out by hand). Coding 400 templates and then converting them using some lib or command line tool - is not my idea of fun, espsecially since those form change all the time. I'd like to just give HR and Quality department the tool, so that they can maintain those documents. I looked at everything listed on this page ( http://www.cogniview.com/convert-pdf-to-excel/post/pdf-editing-creation-50-open-sourcefree-alternatives-to-adobe-acrobat/ ), but can't find what I need. Thank you!!!

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  • Exchange 2010 OWA- Open Other User Mailbox

    - by Benjamin Jones
    I just started working for this small firm (30 people) a little bit ago, replacing their System Admin. First thing I noticed was Exchange Server 2010 was WAY out of date. Believe it or not they did not have SP1 installed. So after I installed and configured Exchange 2010 SP3 and redirected OWA I noticed something in OWA. I could add ANYONE's User Mailbox WITHOUT giving mailbox premission. I created a couple test users, same thing. I even had another employee provide me access to their OWA and they could open anyone's Inbox without granting permission. I don't want to play the blame game, but I was SHOCKED that this was going on. Luckly being such a small company I'll be able to cover this mistake that I did not create, BUT HOW? My guess is that I need to find out where the past System Admin went wrong in providing Full Access Permission? Or could this be a Auto-Mapping issue? I found this article: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh529943.aspx This might work $FixAutoMapping = Get-MailboxPermission sharedmailbox |where {$_.AccessRights -eq "FullAccess" -and $_.IsInherited -eq $false} $FixAutoMapping | Remove-MailboxPermission $FixAutoMapping | ForEach {Add-MailboxPermission -Identity $_.Identity -User $_.User -AccessRights:FullAccess -AutoMapping $false} However how do I insert the above code into Powershell? Again I was thrown into this mess and I'm just trying to iron out this tangled mess.

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  • Windows 8 install app for multiple user accounts

    - by Robert Graves
    I purchased Adera episode 2 intending to play through it with my son. We each have our own user account on the same PC. When my son logged in, he was prompted to purchase the app which I had already purchased, installed, and played on the same PC. So I checked the Terms of Use. After selecting an app in the store, there is a Terms of Use link on the left side under the Install button. It is almost impossible to identify it as a link unless you put your mouse over it. The Terms of Use are standard across all apps in the store, not specific to particular apps. The terms of use indicates that the app may be installed on up to five devices, but says nothing about multiple user accounts on those devices. However, this Microsoft blog article indicates that it is allowed. Say, for example, that your family has a shared PC. You have previously used your Microsoft account to purchase a game that all your kids like to play. You can install it for each of your kids by having each of them sign in to their Windows accounts on the shared PC, then launch the Store and sign in to the Store using your own Microsoft account. There, you’ll see all your apps and you can re-install the app on your kid’s Windows account. Installing apps on multiple user accounts on a shared PC still only counts as one of the five allowable PCs where you can install apps. So I have two questions: Is it permissible under the Terms of Use to install the app under multiple accounts on the same device? If so, how do I do so given that my son has already signed into the store using his own Microsoft account.

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  • puppet execution of a python script where os.system(...) command is not working

    - by philippe
    I am trying to manage Unix users with puppet. Puppet provides enough tools to create accounts and provide authorized_keys files for instance, but no to set up user password, and it tell to the user. What I have done is a python script which generate a random password and send it to the user by email. The problem is, it is not possible to launch passwd Unix command with python, I have then written a bash script with the command: echo -ne "$password\n$password\n" | passwd $user passwd -e $user Launched manually, the script works fine and the created user has its password sent by email. But when puppet launches it, only the python script gets executed, as if the os.system('/bin/bash my_bash_script') is ignored. No error is displayed. And the user gets its password, but the passwd commands are not launched. Is there any limitation with puppet preventing to perform what I described? Or, how can I otherwise change the user account, its expiration, and send password by email? I can provide more information, but right now, I don't know which are accurate. Many thanks!

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  • Can I use POSIX signals in my Perl program to create event-driven programming?

    - by Shiftbit
    Is there any POSIX signals that I could utilize in my Perl program to create event-driven programming? Currently, I have multi-process program that is able to cross communicate but my parent thread is only able to listen to listen at one child at a time. foreach (@proc) { sysread(${$_}{'read'}, my $line, 100); #problem here chomp($line); print "Parent hears: $line\n"; } The problem is that the parent sits in a continual wait state until it receives it a signal from the first child before it can continue on. I am relying on 'pipe' for my intercommunication. My current solution is very similar to: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2558098/how-can-i-use-pipe-to-facilitate-interprocess-communication-in-perl If possible I would like to rely on a $SIG{...} event or any non-CPAN solution. Update: As Jonathan Leffler mentioned, kill can be used to send a signal: kill USR1 = $$; # send myself a SIGUSR1 My solution will be to send a USR1 signal to my child process. This event tells the parent to listen to the particular child. child: kill USR1 => $parentPID if($customEvent); syswrite($parentPipe, $msg, $buffer); #select $parentPipe; print $parentPipe $msg; parent: $SIG{USR1} = { #get child pid? sysread($array[$pid]{'childPipe'}, $msg, $buffer); }; But how do I get my the source/child pid that signaled the parent? Have the child Identify itself in its message. What happens if two children signal USR1 at the same time?

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  • Concurrent Programming:Should I write a sequential program first, then add thread safety?

    - by evthim
    I'm working on a project where we have to create a number of threads(actual number will be inputted in by testers (TA's)). I'm having trouble not only with the programming but also with the design, I can't wrap my head around all of the threads that will be invoked and where I might cause errors. The project is due soon so I don't want to waste time on this if it'll actually set me back, but I was wondering if I should write the program like only one thread will be running and everything should be sequential and then later go back and try to add the thread safety parts of the code? Would that take twice the original amount of time? Project Description: Note:I'm going to be as vague as possible so I don't violate any honor codes, sorry :( your program should accept n number of objectA threads, m number of objectB threads, and r number of objectC objectB threads interact with code in objectA. objectA threads interact with code in objectB and objectC objectB and objectC don't directly interact, but do so indirectly through objectA -ex: objectB needs something from objectA. objectA gets the result for that something by calling objectC my confusion stems mostly from the fact that all of this interactions will be done by m+n threads and there are various restrictions throughout the descriptions, like objectB can request something from objectA, and objectA has to wait for objectC to finish that something before returning it to objectB. Also each objectA thread can only work on one instruction from objectB at a time, etc. etc. I just want to know if I write the code so that there is only 1 objectA, 1 objectB and 1 object C, can I go back and easily modify it so that those 1's can be changed to m, n and r? Sorry again, if my description is a little bit confusing.

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  • Should I learn two (or more) programming languages in parallel?

    - by c_maker
    I found entries on this site about learning a new programming language, however, I have not come across anything that talks about the advantages and disadvantages of learning two languages at the same time. Let's say my goal is to learn two new languages in a year. I understand that the definition of learning a new language is different for everyone and you can probably never know everything about a language. I believe in most cases the following things are enough to include the language in your resume and say that you are proficient in it (list is not in any particular order): Know its syntax so you can write a simple program in it Compare its underlying concepts with concepts of other languages Know best practices Know what libraries are available Know in what situations to use it Understand the flow of a more complex program At least know most of what you do not know I would probably look for a good book and pick an open source project for both of these languages to start with. My questions: Is it best to spend 5 months learning language#1 then 5 months learning language#2, or should you mix the two. Mixing them I mean you work on them in parallel. Should you pick two languages that are similar or different? Are there any advantages/disadvantages of let's say learning Lisp in tandem with Ruby? Is it a good idea to pick two languages with similar syntax or would it be too confusing? Please tell me what your experiences are regarding this. Does it make a difference if you are a beginner or a senior programmer?

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  • Can anyone give me a sample java socket programming for doing a peer to peer for 3 systems?

    - by Sadesh Kumar N
    I am doing an university project. I need some sample programs on peer to peer programs in java socket programming. Every where people are telling to add a server socket in the client program. I am in a confusion. Can a single program having server socket and client socket will do or i have to create two programs of one initiating a system and another peer program running thrice to solve the problem. or i need to create three programs for three peer systems. I am not clear on the architecture of building peer to peer programs using java sockets. Can some one help me giving a simple program on how to create a peer to peer connection between three systems. I know how to do a socket program for client server model and clear on the concept. But creating a peer to peer architecture sounds complex for me to understand. I also referred this thread. developing peer to peer in java The person commented second says" To make peer2peer app each client opens server socket too. When client A wishes to connect to client B it just connects to its socket. " Need some more sample and an explanation on how peer to peer java socket program works I dont want any external api like jxta to do this task. I need a clear picture on how it works alone with an example.

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  • What are the pros (and cons) of using “Sign in with Twitter/Facebook” for a new website?

    - by Paul D. Waite
    Myself and a friend are looking to launch a little forum site. I’m considering using the “Sign in with Facebook/Twitter” APIs, possibly exclusively (a la e.g. Lanyrd), for user login. I haven’t used either of these before, nor run a site with user logins at all. What are the pros (and cons) of these APIs? Specifically: What benefits do I get as a developer from using them? What drawbacks are there? Do end users actually like/dislike them? Have you experienced any technical/logistical issues with these APIs specifically? Here are the pros and cons I’ve got so far: Pros More convenient for the user (“register” with two clicks, sign in with one) Possibly no need to maintain our own login system  Cons No control over our login process Exclude Facebook/Twitter users who are worried about us having some sort of access to their accounts Users’ accounts on our site are compromised if their Facebook/Twitter accounts are compromised. And if we don’t maintain our own alternative login system: Dependency on Facebook/Twitter for our login system Exclude non-Facebook/non-Twitter users from our site

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  • What are the pros and cons of using “Sign in with Twitter/Facebook” for a new website?

    - by Paul D. Waite
    Myself and a friend are looking to launch a little forum site. I’m considering using the “Sign in with Facebook/Twitter” APIs, possibly exclusively, for user login.I haven’t used either of these before, nor run a site with user logins at all. What are the pros and cons of these APIs? Specifically: Is the idea of using them, and/or using them exclusively (i.e. having no login system other than one or both of these), any good? What benefits do I get as a developer from using them? Do end users actually like/dislike them? Have you experienced any technical/logistical issues with these APIs specifically? Here are the pros and cons I’ve got so far: Pros More convenient for the user (“register” with two clicks, sign in with one) Possibly no need to maintain our own login system  Cons No control over our login process Exclude non-Facebook/non-Twitter users (if we don’t maintain our own login system) Exclude Facebook/Twitter users who are worried about us having some sort of access to their accounts Users’ accounts on our site are compromised if their Facebook/Twitter accounts are compromised.

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  • What are the pros (and cons) of using “Sign in with Twitter/Facebook” for a new website?

    - by Paul D. Waite
    Myself and a friend are looking to launch a little forum site. I’m considering using the “Sign in with Facebook/Twitter” APIs, possibly exclusively (a la e.g. Lanyrd), for user login. I haven’t used either of these before, nor run a site with user logins at all. What are the pros (and cons) of these APIs? Specifically: What benefits do I get as a developer from using them? What drawbacks are there? Do end users actually like/dislike them? Have you experienced any technical/logistical issues with these APIs specifically? Here are the pros and cons I’ve got so far: Pros More convenient for the user (“register” with two clicks, sign in with one) Possibly no need to maintain our own login system  Cons No control over our login process Exclude Facebook/Twitter users who are worried about us having some sort of access to their accounts Users’ accounts on our site are compromised if their Facebook/Twitter accounts are compromised. And if we don’t maintain our own alternative login system: Dependency on Facebook/Twitter for our login system Exclude non-Facebook/non-Twitter users from our site

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  • How are events in games handled?

    - by Alex
    In may games that I have played, I have seen events being triggered, such as when you walk into a certain land area while holding a specific object, it will trigger a special creature to spawn. I was wondering, how do games deal with events such as this? Not in a specific game, but in general among games. The first thought I had was that each place has a hard-coded set of events that it will call when something happens there. However, that would be too inefficient to maintain, as when something new is added, that would require modification of every part of the game that would potentially cause the event to be called. Next up, I had the idea of maybe how GUI programming works. In all of the GUI programming I've done, you create a component and a callback function, or a listener. Then, when the user interacts when the button, the callback function is called, allowing you to do something with it. So, I was thinking that in terms of a game, when a land area gets loaded the game loops over a list of all events, creating instances of them and calling public methods to bind them to the current scene. The events themselves then handle what scene it is, and if it is a scene that pertains to the event, will call the public method of the scene to bind the event to an action. Then, when the action takes place, the scene would call all events that are bound to that action. However, I'm sure that's not how games would operate either, as that would require a lot of creating of events all the time. So how to video games handle events, are either of those methods correct, or is it something completely different?

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  • Why do programmers seem to be such bad spellers?

    - by Joel Etherton
    Programming languages are very precise tools based on explicit grammars. They're very picky, and when being used they require an exacting amount of detail. C#, for instance, is case sensitive so even getting the case of an argument wrong will cause an error. Questions asked all over the StackExchange are replete with misspellings, grammatical errors, and other problems that seem to indicate a lack of attention to detail when it comes to the language itself. Now, I understand there are a lot of programmers out there whose native language is not English, and I am not directing this question (rant one might say) at them. I'm referring to the individuals who are clearly from an English speaking background who refuse to pay attention to these simple details. I am not perfect by any means, but I try to use the language correctly so that my meaning will be understood correctly. I find programmers misspelling variable names, classes, and all manner of words in any kind of technical documentation they might write. I have had to withstand code where I am repeatedly referring to the subit[sic] button or HttpWebResponse reponse. The general complaint about bad spelling is one thing, and it will always be there. I accept that. But my question/comment is about the proclivity of bad spelling within the programming community. I would think that people who deal with such exacting tools to be more naturally predisposed towards proper spelling. Yet this doesn't seem to be the case.

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  • Learning to be a good developer: what parts can you skip over?

    - by Andrew M
    I have set myself the goal of becoming a decent developer by this time next year. By this I mean full experience of the development 'lifecycle,' a few good apps/sites/webapps under my belt, and most importantly being able to work at a steady pace without getting sidelined for hours by some should-know-this-already technique. I'm not starting from scratch. I've written a lot of html/css, SQL, javascript, python and VB.net, and studied other languages like C and Java. I know about things like OOP, design patterns, TDD, complexity, computational linguistics, pointers/references, functional programming, and other academic/theoretical matters. It's just I can't say I've really done these things yet. So I want to get up to speed, and I want to know what things I can leave till a later date. For instance, studying algorithms and the maths behind them is interesting and all, but so far I've hardly needed to write anything but the most basic nested loops. Investigating Assembly to have a clearer picture of low-level operations would be cool... but I imagine rarely infringes on daily work. On the other hand, looking at a functional programming language might help me write programs that are more comprehensible and less prone to hidden failures (at the moment I'm finding the biggest difficulty is when the complexity of the app exceeds my capacity to understand it - for instance passing data around was fine... until I had to start doing it with AJAX, which was a painful step up). I could spend time working through case studies of design patterns, but I'm not sure how many of them get used in 'real life.' I'm a programmer with basic abilities - what skills should I focus on developing? (also my Unix skills are very weak, and also knowledge of Windows configuration... not sure how much time I should spend on that)

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  • Are programmers getting lazier and less competent

    - by Skeith
    I started programming in C++ at uni and loved it. In the next term we changed to VB6 and I hated it. I could not tell what was going on, you drag a button to a form and the ide writes the code for you. While I hated the way VB functioned I cannot argue that it was faster and easier than doing the same thing in C++ so i can see why it is a popular language. Now I am not calling VB developers lazy in just saying it easier than C++ and I have noticed that a lot of newer languages are following this trend such a C#. This leads me to think that as more business want quick results more people will program like this and sooner or later there will be no such thing as what we call programming now. Future programmers will tell the computer what they want and the compiler will write the program for them like in star trek. Is this just an under informed opinion of a junior programmer or are programmers getting lazier and less competent in general? EDIT: A lot of answers say why re invent the wheel and I agree with this but when there are wheels available people are not bothering to learn how to make the wheel. I can google how to do pretty much anything in any language and half the languages do so much for you when it come to debugging they have no idea what there code does of how to fix the error. That's how I cam up with the theory that programmers are becoming lazier and less competent as no one cares how stuff works just that it does until it does not.

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  • Best way to indicate more results available

    - by Alex Stangl
    We have a service to return messages. We want to limit the number returned, either allowing the caller to specify the max number to return, or else to use an internal hard limit. We also have thought it would be nice to include in the response whether more messages are available. The "best" way to go about this is not clear. Here are some ideas so far: Only set the "more messages" indicator if the user did not specify a max limit, and the internal max limit was hit. Same as #1 except that "more messages" indicator set regardless of whether the internal hard limit is hit, or the user-specified limit is hit. Same as #1 (or #2) except that we internally read limit + 1 records, but only return limit records, so we know "for sure" there is at least one additional message rather than "maybe" there are additional messages. Do away with the "more messages" flag, as it is confusing and unnecessary. Instead force the user to keep calling the API until it returns no messages. Change "more messages" indicator to something more akin to an EOF indicator, only set when the last message is known to have been retrieved and returned. What do you think is the best solution? (Doesn't have to be one of the above choices.) I searched and couldn't find a similar question already asked. Hopefully this is not "too subjective".

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  • Software development process for a part time University project for 1 developer?

    - by Pricey
    I will be doing a part time University project soon and the time frame for it is around 8 months with approximately 10-15 hours a week spent working on it, with a review by a tutor each quarter. My question is what software development process would you recommend using when the course requires you to work on your own in order to manage yourself as well as the project? I wanted to use a weekly or bi-weekly iterative approach to my work but a lot of the processes seem tailored to teams of people. I am looking at XP (Extreme Programming) OR Scrum as something that is less than the norm for University work but again Scrum I don't know a lot about yet, and a question I have is; can you say you are doing XP without pair-programming? because my tutor seems to think that I have to stick to all the practices otherwise I can't do it (nevermind if I am working alone). We can have external user input as well but due to the small timescales with part time work it may be more beneficial for myself to be the user as well, which is not what I prefer considering how I can get lost in the design.

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  • Is the separation of program logic and presentation layer going too far?

    - by Timwi
    In a Drupal programming guide, I noticed this sentence: The theme hook receives the total number of votes and the number of votes for just that item, but the template wants to display a percentage. That kind of work shouldn't be done in a template; instead, the math is performed here. The math necessary to calculate a percentage from a total and a number is (number/total)*100. Is this application of two basic arithmetic operators within a presentation layer already too much? Is the maintenance of the entire system severely compromised by this amount of mathematics? The WPF (Windows Presentation Framework) and its UI mark-up language, XAML, seem to go to similar extremes. If you try to so much as add two numbers in the View (the presentation layer), you have committed a cardinal sin. Consequently, XAML has no operators for any arithmetic whatsoever. Is this ultra-strict separation really the holy grail of programming? What are the significant gains to be had from taking the separation to such extremes?

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  • Is there a language more general than Lisp?

    - by Jon Purdy
    I've been programming for a long time, and writing in Lisp (well, mostly Scheme) for a little less. My experience in these languages (and other functional languages) has informed my ability to write clean code even with less powerful tools. Lisp-family languages have lovely facilities for implementing every abstraction in common use: S-expressions generalise structure. Macros generalise syntax. Continuations generalise flow control. But I'm dissatisfied. Somehow, I want more. Is there a language that's more general? More powerful? As great as Lisp is, I find it hard to believe no one has come up with anything (dare I say) better. I'm well aware that ordinarily a question like this ought to be closed for its argumentative nature. But there seems to be a broad consensus that Lisp represents the theoretical pinnacle of programming language design. I simply refuse to accept that without some kind of proof. Which I guess amounts to questioning whether the lambda calculus is in fact the ideal abstraction of computation.

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  • Generalist Languages: Dying or Alive and Well?

    - by dsimcha
    Around here, it seems like there's somewhat of a consensus that generalist programming languages (that try to be good at everything, support multiple paradigms, support both very high- and very low-level programming), etc. are a bad idea, and that it's better to pick the right tool for the job and use lots of different languages. I see three major areas where this is flawed: Interfacing multiple languages is always at least a source of friction and is sometimes practically impossible. How severe a problem this is depends on how fine-grained the interfacing is. Near the boundary between the two languages, though, you're basically limited to the intersection of their features, and you have to care about things like binary interfaces that you usually wouldn't. Passing complex data structures (i.e. not just primitives and arrays of primitives) between languages is almost always a hassle. Furthermore, shifting between different syntaxes, different conventions, etc. can be confusing and annoying, though this is a fairly minor complaint. Requirements are never set in stone. I hate picking a language thinking it's the right tool for the job, then realizing that, when some new requirement surfaces, it's actually a terrible choice for that requirement. This has happened to me several times before, usually when working with languages that are very slow, very domain specific and/or has very poor concurrency/parallelism support. When you program in a language for a while, you start to build up a personal toolbox of small utility functions/classes/programs. The value of these goes drastically down if you're forced to use a different language than the one you've accumulated all this code in. What am I missing here? Why shouldn't more focus be placed on generalist languages? Are generalist languages as a category dying or alive and well?

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