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  • How to R/W hard disk when CPU is in Protect Mode?

    - by smwikipedia
    I am doing some OS experiment. Until now, all my code utilized the real mode BIOS interrupt to manipulate hard disk and floppy. But once my code enabled the Protect Mode of the CPU, all the real mode BIOS interrupt service routine won't be available. How could I R/W the hard disk and floppy? I have a feeling that I need to do some hardware drivers now. Am I right? Is this why an OS is so difficult to develop? I know that hardwares are all controlled by reading from and writing to certain control or data registers. For example, I know that the Command Block Registers of hard disk range from 0x1F0 to 0x1F7. But I am wondering whether the register addresses of so many different hardwares are the same on the PC platform? Or do I have to detect that before using them? How to detect them?? For any responses I present my deep appreciation.

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  • How to change cpufreq settings in Kubuntu

    - by Mr Woody
    I have been using Kubuntu, and I would like to change the cpufreq settings. My understanding is that there is no applet for that, and I would have to do it with a script. So I run a command like this: sudo cpufreq-set -g userspace -c 0 -d 800Mhz -u 1200Mhz and when I type cpufreq-info, I get cpufrequtils 007: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009 Report errors and bugs to [email protected], please. analyzing CPU 0: driver: acpi-cpufreq CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0 1 CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0 maximum transition latency: 10.0 us. hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.50 GHz available frequency steps: 2.50 GHz, 2.50 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 1.60 GHz, 1.20 GHz, 800 MHz available cpufreq governors: conservative, ondemand, userspace, powersave, performance current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 1.20 GHz. The governor "userspace" may decide which speed to use within this range. current CPU frequency is 1.20 GHz. cpufreq stats: 2.50 GHz:70.06%, 2.50 GHz:0.97%, 2.00 GHz:4.85%, 1.60 GHz:0.35%, 1.20 GHz:2.89%, 800 MHz:20.88% (193873) analyzing CPU 1: driver: acpi-cpufreq CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0 1 CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 1 maximum transition latency: 10.0 us. hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.50 GHz available frequency steps: 2.50 GHz, 2.50 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 1.60 GHz, 1.20 GHz, 800 MHz available cpufreq governors: conservative, ondemand, userspace, powersave, performance current policy: frequency should be within 2.00 GHz and 2.00 GHz. The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use within this range. current CPU frequency is 2.00 GHz. cpufreq stats: 2.50 GHz:83.43%, 2.50 GHz:1.03%, 2.00 GHz:4.28%, 1.60 GHz:0.01%, 1.20 GHz:1.74%, 800 MHz:9.50% (3208) which shows that everything worked well (on cpu 0). The problem is that if I run cpufreq-info again after few minutes I get cpufrequtils 007: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009 Report errors and bugs to [email protected], please. analyzing CPU 0: driver: acpi-cpufreq CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0 1 CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0 maximum transition latency: 10.0 us. hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.50 GHz available frequency steps: 2.50 GHz, 2.50 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 1.60 GHz, 1.20 GHz, 800 MHz available cpufreq governors: conservative, ondemand, userspace, powersave, performance current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 800 MHz. The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use within this range. current CPU frequency is 800 MHz. cpufreq stats: 2.50 GHz:69.73%, 2.50 GHz:0.97%, 2.00 GHz:4.83%, 1.60 GHz:0.35%, 1.20 GHz:2.92%, 800 MHz:21.20% (193880) analyzing CPU 1: driver: acpi-cpufreq CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0 1 CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 1 maximum transition latency: 10.0 us. hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.50 GHz available frequency steps: 2.50 GHz, 2.50 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 1.60 GHz, 1.20 GHz, 800 MHz available cpufreq governors: conservative, ondemand, userspace, powersave, performance current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 800 MHz. The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use within this range. current CPU frequency is 800 MHz. cpufreq stats: 2.50 GHz:82.94%, 2.50 GHz:1.03%, 2.00 GHz:4.33%, 1.60 GHz:0.01%, 1.20 GHz:1.73%, 800 MHz:9.96% (3215) so it looks like some other process changed the settings. Does anyone know how to fix this? I also tried many different settings, but I get similar behavior.

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  • What CPU hardware performance counter tool do you guys use?

    - by Hao Shen
    I just want to know the popular tool that I can use. Originally, I used Perfmon2. However, recently, I installed the lastest Ubuntu 12 on my Ivy Bridge i7 machine. Then there is some compilation error for the Pfmon. :< From here http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.comp.linux.perfmon2.devel/3255 , it seems that the Perfmon2 will not work after the kernel 2.6.30. So it suggests to use perf tool. I just want to confirm is there any popular application level performance counter monitor tool which can be used for the later kernel version?

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  • Can I monitor a service's memory/cpu usage on OpenSolaris?

    - by Phillip Oldham
    What would be the best way to monitor a service's memory/load on the OpenSolaris platform so that one can send alerts and automate service management (restarts, etc) based on "rules"? On the linux platform I use Monit, but since OpenSolaris has SMF I thought there may be a complimentary service "built-in" if SMF doesn't have those features and I'd prefer to use a standard OpenSolaris app if there is one.

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  • What does the "Max Memory Size" on the new Intel Core i3 / i5 / i7 CPU's mean?

    - by Josh
    I just noticed in the specs of the new Intel Core i-series processors that there is a "Max Memory Size" that is usually pretty small -- anywhere from 8GB to 24GB. See here: http://ark.intel.com/Product.aspx?id=41316 Core 2-based motherboards were just starting to roll out support for 32GB and greater memory sizes. Anyone have any idea what the Max Memory Size indicates? Is this the total limitation of the on-chip memory controller? Limitation per channel? Limitation per stick (e.g. density??)? Thinking of building a decent machine that needs lots of RAM, so I'm looking at the i7 860.

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  • anyone doing php-fpm and APC? cache files missing in /tmp

    - by Vangel
    I have been using xcache for a long time. Recently I put together php-fpm and nginx. I see apc is installed and enabled in the configuration. I was assuming that apc will automatically opcode the files and store it somewhere. According to config it should be in /tmp/apx.xxxx but there is no such thing there. What am i missing? any clues to investigate would be of much help. Please note I am using php 5.3 fpm. thanks mates. UPDATE: i looked at apc.php it says things are fine. will just have to take its word for it.

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  • Better graphics or better cpu on a budget laptop.

    - by jones
    Which would have better overall performance on a cheap (~$600) laptop; Intel Atom 330 with Nvidia ion or intel Pentium/Celeron with Intel graphics. I don't need 8 hour battery life and will hopefully be using this for programming/web browsing and occasionally light gaming.

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  • Is a larger hard drive with the same cache, rpm, and bus type faster?

    - by Joel Coehoorn
    I recently heard that, all else being equal, larger hard are faster than smaller. It has to do with more bits passing under the read head as the drive spins - since a large drive packs the bits more tightly, the same amount of spin/time presents more data to the read head. I had not heard this before, and was inclined to believe the the read heads expected bits at a specific rate and would instead stagger data, so that the two drives would be the same speed. I now find myself looking at purchasing one of two computer models for the school where I work. One model has an 80GB drive, the other a 400GB (for ~$13 more). The size of the drive is immaterial, since users will keep their files on a file server where they can be backed up. But if the 400GB drive will really deliver a performance boost to the hard drive, the extra money is probably worth it. Thoughts?

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  • Why does CPU processing time matter when compared to real wall clock time?

    - by PeanutsMonkey
    I am running the command time 7zr a -mx=9 sample.7z sample.log to gauge how long it takes to compress a file larger than 1GB. The results I get are as follows. real 10m40.156s user 17m38.862s sys 0m5.944s I have a basic understanding of the difference but don't understand how this plays a role in the time in takes to compress the file. For example should I be looking at real or user + sys?

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  • How much HDD space would I need to cache the web while respecting robot.txts?

    - by Koning Baard XIV
    I want to experiment with creating a web crawler. I'll start with indexing a few medium sized website like Stack Overflow or Smashing Magazine. If it works, I'd like to start crawling the entire web. I'll respect robot.txts. I save all html, pdf, word, excel, powerpoint, keynote, etc... documents (not exes, dmgs etc, just documents) in a MySQL DB. Next to that, I'll have a second table containing all restults and descriptions, and a table with words and on what page to find those words (aka an index). How much HDD space do you think I need to save all the pages? Is it as low as 1 TB or is it about 10 TB, 20? Maybe 30? 1000? Thanks

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  • soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 11s! error with Xen virtual machines

    - by Arun
    Getting a kernel panic with this error on my XEN VPS's. (all on 8.04 LTS) The kernel version on my Dom-0 is 2.6.24-25-xen and the kernel version on the Xen VPS is also 2.6.24-25-xen. I read something about disabling APIC from here http://muffinresearch.co.uk/archives/2008/08/20/ubuntu-bug-soft-lockup-cpu0-stuck-for-11s/ but that doesn't seem to help as well. Anyone experienced this and are there any workarounds? Thanks in advance!

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  • How to rsync a large file, with as little CPU and bandwidth expense as possible?

    - by Johan Allgoth
    I have a 500 GB file that I plan on backing up remotely. The file changes often. I'll be rsyncing it from a desktop to a server. Both can run rsync client or server. What is the proper command for this? The ones I've tried sofar has been taking forever or simply acted strange. Example and results: rsync -cv --partial --inplace --no-whole-file /desktop/file1 myserver.com::module/file1 Seems to work, but only if I do it twice (?!). Also, slow. Does the above command do the checksumming on both computers, or only on the sending one? Is it correct otherwise?

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  • Squid not caching files (Randomly)

    - by Heinrich
    I want to use an intercepting squid server to cache specific large zip files that users in my network download frequently. I have configured squid on a gateway machine and caching is working for "static" zip files that are served from an Apache web server outside our network. The files that I want to have cached by squid are zip files 100MB which are served from a heroku-hosted Rails application. I set an ETag header (SHA hash of the zip file on the server) and Cache-Control: public header. However, these files are not cached by squid. This, for example, is a request that is not cached: $ curl --no-keepalive -v -o test.zip --header "X-Access-Key: 20767ed397afdea90601fda4513ceb042fe6ab4e51578da63d3bc9b024ed538a" --header "X-Customer: 5" "http://MY_APP.herokuapp.com/api/device/v1/media/download?version=latest" * Adding handle: conn: 0x7ffd4a804400 * Adding handle: send: 0 * Adding handle: recv: 0 ... > GET /api/device/v1/media/download?version=latest HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.30.0 > Host: MY_APP.herokuapp.com > Accept: */* > X-Access-Key: 20767ed397afdea90601fda4513ceb042fe6ab4e51578da63d3bc9b024ed538a > X-Customer: 5 > 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- 0:00:09 --:--:-- 0< HTTP/1.1 200 OK * Server Cowboy is not blacklisted < Server: Cowboy < Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 14:13:27 GMT < Status: 200 OK < X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN < X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block < X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff < ETag: "95e888938c0d539b8dd74139beace67f" < Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="e7cce850ae728b81fe3f315d21a560af.zip" < Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary < Content-Length: 125727431 < Content-Type: application/zip < Cache-Control: public < X-Request-Id: 7ce6edb0-013a-4003-a331-94d2b8fae8ad < X-Runtime: 1.244251 < X-Cache: MISS from AAA.fritz.box < Via: 1.1 vegur, 1.1 AAA.fritz.box (squid/3.3.11) < Connection: keep-alive In the logs squid is reporting a TCP_MISS. This is the relevant excerpt from my squid file: # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 3128 http_port 3129 intercept # Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory. maximum_object_size 1000 MB maximum_object_size_in_memory 1000 MB cache_dir ufs /usr/local/var/cache/squid 10000 16 256 cache_mem 2000 MB # Leave coredumps in the first cache dir coredump_dir /usr/local/var/cache/squid cache_store_log daemon:/usr/local/var/logs/cache_store.log #refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern -i .(zip) 525600 100% 525600 override-expire ignore-no-cache ignore-no-store refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 ## DNS Configuration dns_nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 After trying around for some time I realized that squid is sometimes deciding that my file is cacheable, sometimes not, depending on whether and when I enable/disable the dns_nameservers directive. What could be wrong here?

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  • What's wrong with this vcl config for varnish-cache as load balancer?

    - by dabito
    I have the current configurations active on my default.vcl varnish file on the machine that balances the load for other two machines (the other two machines also have varnish active). My intention is to have this server do only the load balancing and the other machines do the processing and also their own caching. My problem is that even with the config testing (not even a stress test or anything, just a few requests a minute) I get the guru meditation error and have to restart varnish. This is the default.vcl for the load balancing server: backend vader { .host = "app1.server.com"; .probe = { .url = "/"; .interval = 10s; .timeout = 4s; .window = 5; .threshold = 3; } } backend malgus { .host = "app2.server.com"; .probe = { .url = "/"; .interval = 10s; .timeout = 4s; .window = 5; .threshold = 3; } } director dooku round-robin { { .backend = vader; } { .backend = malgus; } } sub vcl_recv { if (req.http.host ~ "^balancer.server.com$") { set req.backend = dooku; } } Am I doing something wrong or missing something? EDIT: This is varnishlog's output: 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1345839995 1.0 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1345839998 1.0 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1345840001 1.0 0 Backend_health - malgus Still sick 4--X--- 0 3 5 0.000000 3.846876 0 Backend_health - vader Still sick 4--X--- 0 3 5 0.000000 3.839194 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1345840004 1.0 14 SessionOpen c 10.150.7.151 38272 :80 14 ReqStart c 10.150.7.151 38272 458200540 14 RxRequest c GET 14 RxURL c / 14 RxProtocol c HTTP/1.1 14 RxHeader c Host: dooku-dev.excelsior.com 14 RxHeader c Connection: keep-alive 14 RxHeader c User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.47 Safari/536.11 14 RxHeader c Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 14 RxHeader c Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch 14 RxHeader c Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,es-419;q=0.6,es;q=0.4 14 RxHeader c Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 14 RxHeader c Cookie: SESSa87d6c6da0c61037a9169122dc5e4a19=HR_0Srhgc-uDArT3aJFzOBy31FtzneTXg38byr1eGMU; __atuvc=4%7C33 14 VCL_call c recv pass 14 VCL_call c hash 14 Hash c / 14 Hash c dooku-dev.excelsior.com 14 VCL_return c hash 14 VCL_call c pass pass 14 FetchError c no backend connection 14 VCL_call c error deliver 14 VCL_call c deliver deliver 14 TxProtocol c HTTP/1.1 14 TxStatus c 503 14 TxResponse c Service Unavailable 14 TxHeader c Server: Varnish 14 TxHeader c Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 14 TxHeader c Retry-After: 5 14 TxHeader c Content-Length: 418 14 TxHeader c Accept-Ranges: bytes 14 TxHeader c Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2012 20:26:44 GMT 14 TxHeader c X-Varnish: 458200540 14 TxHeader c Age: 0 14 TxHeader c Via: 1.1 varnish 14 TxHeader c Connection: close 14 Length c 418 14 ReqEnd c 458200540 1345840004.916415691 1345840004.965190172 0.020933390 0.048741817 0.000032663 14 SessionClose c error 14 StatSess c 10.150.7.151 38272 0 1 1 0 1 0 256 418 14 SessionOpen c 10.150.7.151 38273 :80 14 ReqStart c 10.150.7.151 38273 458200541 14 RxRequest c GET 14 RxURL c /favicon.ico 14 RxProtocol c HTTP/1.1 14 RxHeader c Host: dooku-dev.excelsior.com 14 RxHeader c Connection: keep-alive 14 RxHeader c Accept: */* 14 RxHeader c User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.47 Safari/536.11 14 RxHeader c Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch 14 RxHeader c Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,es-419;q=0.6,es;q=0.4 14 RxHeader c Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 14 RxHeader c Cookie: SESSa87d6c6da0c61037a9169122dc5e4a19=HR_0Srhgc-uDArT3aJFzOBy31FtzneTXg38byr1eGMU; __atuvc=4%7C33 14 VCL_call c recv pass 14 VCL_call c hash 14 Hash c /favicon.ico 14 Hash c dooku-dev.excelsior.com 14 VCL_return c hash 14 VCL_call c pass pass 14 FetchError c no backend connection 14 VCL_call c error deliver 14 VCL_call c deliver deliver 14 TxProtocol c HTTP/1.1 14 TxStatus c 503 14 TxResponse c Service Unavailable 14 TxHeader c Server: Varnish 14 TxHeader c Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 14 TxHeader c Retry-After: 5 14 TxHeader c Content-Length: 418 14 TxHeader c Accept-Ranges: bytes 14 TxHeader c Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2012 20:26:45 GMT 14 TxHeader c X-Varnish: 458200541 14 TxHeader c Age: 0 14 TxHeader c Via: 1.1 varnish 14 TxHeader c Connection: close 14 Length c 418 14 ReqEnd c 458200541 1345840005.226389885 1345840005.226457834 0.000026941 0.000043154 0.000024796 14 SessionClose c error 14 StatSess c 10.150.7.151 38273 0 1 1 0 1 0 256 418

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  • Does Exchange Cache Mode affect email markers refresh time in other Outlook clients?

    - by David
    We have users who share a single email account by using the Additional Email option under their accounts. Now, they want to assign emails to one another using the markers alongside the emails. We noticed that when changing the color of a marker, one Outlook client updated immediately, but another Outlook client did not. It looked like they were both set to "Cached Mode". Is it likely that caching effected the refresh of the client? Would it be better to turn off cached mode if we are using Outlook this way?

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  • Can I run virtualized 64-bit Operating Systems if my CPU doesn't support VT-X?

    - by tintinmj
    I have installed VMWare 10.0 workstation on my Compaq CQ60-615DX laptop. The Operating System is Windows 7 Home Premium. When I tried to run Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit in a virtual machine in VMWare I get an error saying: This virtual machine is configured for 64-bit guest operating systems. However, 64-bit operation is not possible. This host does not support Intel VT-x. For more detailed information, see http://vmware.com/info?id=152. So I googled and found that I have to enable Intel VT-x. But I found out that my processor doesn't support Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x). So am I doomed and can I never run any virtual OS on my laptop? Or can I run 32-bit OSes?

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  • soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 11s! error with Xen virtual machines

    - by Arun
    Getting a kernel panic with this error on my XEN VPS's. (all on 8.04 LTS) The kernel version on my Dom-0 is 2.6.24-25-xen and the kernel version on the Xen VPS is also 2.6.24-25-xen. I read something about disabling APIC from here http://muffinresearch.co.uk/archives/2008/08/20/ubuntu-bug-soft-lockup-cpu0-stuck-for-11s/ but that doesn't seem to help as well. Anyone experienced this and are there any workarounds? Thanks in advance!

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  • How can one create a bootable linux usb key that works on Mac (Intel 64 bit CPU) hardware ?

    - by user3621
    Hi, I'm trying to create a bootable usb key with linux (debian) and that can be booted on Macintel hardware. I have read that MAC's EFI can only boot GPT GUID formatted disks. I'm desperately trying to find a good tutorial which explains how to create such a key. Here what I have done so far: create a GUID partition on te key using linux GNU parted create a HFS+ or ext3 partition on the key, with the boot flag on install a linux .iso with unetbootin While all steps were successfull and in some cases I could even boot on a PC, the step of booting on Macintel software failed (on a macbook). I need to precise that I holded the "alt" key while booting the mac and the only visible bootable disk was the hard disk. Thanks for any advice. PS: I have tried with rEFIt as well. In one case I had a "windows" icon but it then failed to boot with a message like "no system found"

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  • How i can setup a nginx cache strategy that first try amazon s3, then memcache and do a fallback on miss?

    - by Tim
    i have a large site with lot of pages that almost never change, right now i am using two memcache servers (amazon elasticache), but this its really expensive. Thats why for this files that barely never change i want to upload them to amazon s3 and shutdown 1 memcache server. Here is my conf; location ~ /longterm/(.*){ proxy_pass http://amazonS3bucket; proxy_intercept_errors on; proxy_next_upstream http_404; error_page 404 503 = @fallback_memcached } location @fallback_memcache { set $memcached_key $uri; memcached_pass name:11211; error_page 404 @fallback; } location @fallback { try_files $uri $uri/index.html } I dont know why but the config doesnt work on the final fallback; if i got an amazon S3 hit it works, if i got an amazon S3 miss and a memcache hit it works, but if i got an amazon S3 miss then a memcache miss when it try to resolve the las fallback it fails. I am also thinking in use the amazon s3 fuse http://code.google.com/p/s3fs/ instead of the proxy pass i think it would be easier for implement, i would also be less performant?

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  • Making a Login Work After Cache, Cookies, etc. Have Been Cleared

    - by John
    Hello, I am using the code below for a user login. The first I try to login after cache / cookies, etc. have been cleared, the browser refreshes and the user name is not logged in. After that, logging in works fine. Any idea how I can make it work the first time? Thanks in advance, John index.php: <?php if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == "POST"){header('Location: http://www...com/.../index.php?username='.$username.'&password='.$password.'');} require_once "header.php"; include "login.php"; require_once "footer.php"; ?> login.php: <?php if (!isLoggedIn()) { if (isset($_POST['cmdlogin'])) { if (checkLogin($_POST['username'], $_POST['password'])) { show_userbox(); } else { echo "Incorrect Login information !"; show_loginform(); } } else { show_loginform(); } } else { show_userbox(); } ?> show_loginform function: function show_loginform($disabled = false) { echo '<form name="login-form" id="login-form" method="post" action="./index.php?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'].'"> <div class="usernameformtext"><label title="Username">Username: </label></div> <div class="usernameformfield"><input tabindex="1" accesskey="u" name="username" type="text" maxlength="30" id="username" /></div> <div class="passwordformtext"><label title="Password">Password: </label></div> <div class="passwordformfield"><input tabindex="2" accesskey="p" name="password" type="password" maxlength="15" id="password" /></div> <div class="registertext"><a href="http://www...com/.../register.php" title="Register">Register</a></div> <div class="lostpasswordtext"><a href="http://www...com/.../lostpassword.php" title="Lost Password">Lost password?</a></div> <p class="loginbutton"><input tabindex="3" accesskey="l" type="submit" name="cmdlogin" value="Login" '; if ($disabled == true) { echo 'disabled="disabled"'; } echo ' /></p></form>'; }

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  • Suggestions In Porting ASP.NET to MVC.NET - Is storing SiteConfiguration in Cache RESTful?

    - by DaveDev
    I've been tasked with porting/refactoring a Web Application Platform that we have from ASP.NET to MVC.NET. Ideally I could use all the existing platform's configurations to determine the properties of the site that is presented. Is it RESTful to keep a SiteConfiguration object which contains all of our various page configuration data in the System.Web.Caching.Cache? There are a lot of settings that need to be loaded when the user acceses our site so it's inefficient for each user to have to load the same settings every time they access. Some data the SiteConfiguration object contains is as follows and it determines what Master Page / site configuration / style / UserControls are available to the client, public string SiteTheme { get; set; } public string Region { private get; set; } public string DateFormat { get; set; } public string NumberFormat { get; set; } public int WrapperType { private get; set; } public string LabelFileName { get; set; } public LabelFile LabelFile { get; set; } // the following two are the heavy ones // PageConfiguration contains lots of configuration data for each panel on the page public IList<PageConfiguration> Pages { get; set; } // This contains all the configurations for the factsheets we produce public List<ConfiguredFactsheet> ConfiguredFactsheets { get; set; } I was thinking of having a URL structure like this: www.MySite1.com/PageTemplate/UserControl/ the domain determines the SiteConfiguration object that is created, where MySite1.com is SiteId = 1, MySite2.com is SiteId = 2. (and in turn, style, configurations for various pages, etc.) PageTemplate is the View that will be rendered and simply defines a layout for where I'm going to inject the UserControls Can somebody please tell me if I'm completely missing the RESTful point here? I'd like to refactor the platform into MVC because it's better to work in but I want to do it right but with a minimum of reinventing-the-wheel because otherwise it won't get approval. Any suggestions otherwise? Thanks

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  • Nginx compiled --with-http_spdy_module yet raise errors complains ngx_http_spdy_module

    - by c19
    [emerg] 21101#0: the "spdy" parameter requires ngx_http_spdy_module in /etc/nginx/conf.d/cc.conf isn't it the same module? and it causes multi-redirection error too. I have no idea what is going on. Full configure arg: nginx version: nginx/1.4.2 built by gcc 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-pcre --with-http_ssl_module `--with-http_spdy_module` --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.1e

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  • C# 4: The Curious ConcurrentDictionary

    - by James Michael Hare
    In my previous post (here) I did a comparison of the new ConcurrentQueue versus the old standard of a System.Collections.Generic Queue with simple locking.  The results were exactly what I would have hoped, that the ConcurrentQueue was faster with multi-threading for most all situations.  In addition, concurrent collections have the added benefit that you can enumerate them even if they're being modified. So I set out to see what the improvements would be for the ConcurrentDictionary, would it have the same performance benefits as the ConcurrentQueue did?  Well, after running some tests and multiple tweaks and tunes, I have good and bad news. But first, let's look at the tests.  Obviously there's many things we can do with a dictionary.  One of the most notable uses, of course, in a multi-threaded environment is for a small, local in-memory cache.  So I set about to do a very simple simulation of a cache where I would create a test class that I'll just call an Accessor.  This accessor will attempt to look up a key in the dictionary, and if the key exists, it stops (i.e. a cache "hit").  However, if the lookup fails, it will then try to add the key and value to the dictionary (i.e. a cache "miss").  So here's the Accessor that will run the tests: 1: internal class Accessor 2: { 3: public int Hits { get; set; } 4: public int Misses { get; set; } 5: public Func<int, string> GetDelegate { get; set; } 6: public Action<int, string> AddDelegate { get; set; } 7: public int Iterations { get; set; } 8: public int MaxRange { get; set; } 9: public int Seed { get; set; } 10:  11: public void Access() 12: { 13: var randomGenerator = new Random(Seed); 14:  15: for (int i=0; i<Iterations; i++) 16: { 17: // give a wide spread so will have some duplicates and some unique 18: var target = randomGenerator.Next(1, MaxRange); 19:  20: // attempt to grab the item from the cache 21: var result = GetDelegate(target); 22:  23: // if the item doesn't exist, add it 24: if(result == null) 25: { 26: AddDelegate(target, target.ToString()); 27: Misses++; 28: } 29: else 30: { 31: Hits++; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } Note that so I could test different implementations, I defined a GetDelegate and AddDelegate that will call the appropriate dictionary methods to add or retrieve items in the cache using various techniques. So let's examine the three techniques I decided to test: Dictionary with mutex - Just your standard generic Dictionary with a simple lock construct on an internal object. Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim - Same Dictionary, but now using a lock designed to let multiple readers access simultaneously and then locked when a writer needs access. ConcurrentDictionary - The new ConcurrentDictionary from System.Collections.Concurrent that is supposed to be optimized to allow multiple threads to access safely. So the approach to each of these is also fairly straight-forward.  Let's look at the GetDelegate and AddDelegate implementations for the Dictionary with mutex lock: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: lock (_mutex) 4: { 5: _dictionary[key] = val; 6: } 7: }; 8: var getDelegate = (key) => 9: { 10: lock (_mutex) 11: { 12: string val; 13: return _dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val) ? val : null; 14: } 15: }; Nothing new or fancy here, just your basic lock on a private object and then query/insert into the Dictionary. Now, for the Dictionary with ReadWriteLockSlim it's a little more complex: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _readerWriterLock.EnterWriteLock(); 4: _dictionary[key] = val; 5: _readerWriterLock.ExitWriteLock(); 6: }; 7: var getDelegate = (key) => 8: { 9: string val; 10: _readerWriterLock.EnterReadLock(); 11: if(!_dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val)) 12: { 13: val = null; 14: } 15: _readerWriterLock.ExitReadLock(); 16: return val; 17: }; And finally, the ConcurrentDictionary, which since it does all it's own concurrency control, is remarkably elegant and simple: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _concurrentDictionary[key] = val; 4: }; 5: var getDelegate = (key) => 6: { 7: string s; 8: return _concurrentDictionary.TryGetValue(key, out s) ? s : null; 9: };                    Then, I set up a test harness that would simply ask the user for the number of concurrent Accessors to attempt to Access the cache (as specified in Accessor.Access() above) and then let them fly and see how long it took them all to complete.  Each of these tests was run with 10,000,000 cache accesses divided among the available Accessor instances.  All times are in milliseconds. 1: Dictionary with Mutex Locking 2: --------------------------------------------------- 3: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 4: 1 7916 3285 5: 10 8293 3481 6: 100 8799 3532 7: 1000 8815 3584 8:  9:  10: Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim Locking 11: --------------------------------------------------- 12: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 13: 1 8445 3624 14: 10 11002 4119 15: 100 11076 3992 16: 1000 14794 4861 17:  18:  19: Concurrent Dictionary 20: --------------------------------------------------- 21: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 22: 1 17443 3726 23: 10 14181 1897 24: 100 15141 1994 25: 1000 17209 2128 The first test I did across the board is the Mostly Misses category.  The mostly misses (more adds because data requested was not in the dictionary) shows an interesting trend.  In both cases the Dictionary with the simple mutex lock is much faster, and the ConcurrentDictionary is the slowest solution.  But this got me thinking, and a little research seemed to confirm it, maybe the ConcurrentDictionary is more optimized to concurrent "gets" than "adds".  So since the ratio of misses to hits were 2 to 1, I decided to reverse that and see the results. So I tweaked the data so that the number of keys were much smaller than the number of iterations to give me about a 2 to 1 ration of hits to misses (twice as likely to already find the item in the cache than to need to add it).  And yes, indeed here we see that the ConcurrentDictionary is indeed faster than the standard Dictionary here.  I have a strong feeling that as the ration of hits-to-misses gets higher and higher these number gets even better as well.  This makes sense since the ConcurrentDictionary is read-optimized. Also note that I tried the tests with capacity and concurrency hints on the ConcurrentDictionary but saw very little improvement, I think this is largely because on the 10,000,000 hit test it quickly ramped up to the correct capacity and concurrency and thus the impact was limited to the first few milliseconds of the run. So what does this tell us?  Well, as in all things, ConcurrentDictionary is not a panacea.  It won't solve all your woes and it shouldn't be the only Dictionary you ever use.  So when should we use each? Use System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary when: You need a single-threaded Dictionary (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary that is loaded only once at creation and never modified (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary to store items where writes are far more prevalent than reads (locking needed). And use System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary when: You need a multi-threaded Dictionary where the writes are far more prevalent than reads. You need to be able to iterate over the collection without locking it even if its being modified. Both Dictionaries have their strong suits, I have a feeling this is just one where you need to know from design what you hope to use it for and make your decision based on that criteria.

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