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• RD Gateway reporting features/capabilities

  - by Don

  We have just implemented RD Gateway for our own department in preparation for a push to the whole agency for telecommuting. It is all setup and working great, but I was trying to figure out how best to go about monitoring/reporting of users. I see third party software out there that will do it, but is there anything built-in or via powershell/scripting that I could use that would give me a report of the daily activity of users? Something to say, "User A connected at this time, was on for this long, sent/received this much data"? Basically some of the same stuff you can see in event viewer. Ideally I'd like to be able to have this setup so that once a day it emails me with the daily usage for when a supervisor asks about if their person is actually working (or at least online sending and receiving x amount of data), I'll have some metrics to give them. I realize that actual work output is relevant and more of a managerial issue, but I would like to be able to offer as much as I can from my end when asked. Thoughts? Thanks!

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• Why would I need a firewall if my server is well configured?

  - by Aitch

  I admin a handful of cloud-based (VPS) servers for the company I work for. The servers are minimal ubuntu installs that run bits of LAMP stacks / inbound data collection (rsync). The data is large but not personal, financial or anything like that (ie not that interesting) Clearly on here people are forever asking about configuring firewalls and such like. I use a bunch of approaches to secure the servers, for example (but not restricted to) ssh on non standard ports; no password typing, only known ssh keys from known ips for login etc https, and restricted shells (rssh) generally only from known keys/ips servers are minimal, up to date and patched regularly use things like rkhunter, cfengine, lynis denyhosts etc for monitoring I have extensive experience of unix sys admin. I'm confident I know what I'm doing in my setups. I configure /etc files. I have never felt a compelling need to install stuff like firewalls: iptables etc. Put aside for a moment the issues of physical security of the VPS. Q? I can't decide whether I am being naive or the incremental protection a fw might offer is worth the effort of learning / installing and the additional complexity (packages, config files, possible support etc) on the servers. To date (touch wood) I've never had any problems with security but I am not complacent about it either.

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• How to limit SMTP delivery to hourly batches

  - by Jeremy W

  Moved over from StackOverflow. Sorry if you saw it there first In an effort to keep us from being labeled spammers by major ISPs (in addition to SPF records, privacy policies, CANSPAM compliance and the like) - I wanted to limit the amount of mail we send out an hour. Is this possible in W2K3 SMTP server? I was looking at outbound connection properties in the SMTP virtual server config screens...It's just not that clear if tinkering with those settings are going to do what I want. In a nutshell, I'd love mail being sent by this server to queue up and send for example, 5,000 messages every 10 minutes or so. Mail is being sent via ASP.Net. Also, I wouldn't be sending 1 million a day. Probably 30,000 tops - and doing that only a few times a month. I'm just trying to avoid a tidal wave of 30k going out in 1 minute and setting off every network spam monitoring alarm in North America. I know I could do it with a combination console app / scheduled job. My question was if there was an easier way to accomplish this with the Virtual SMTP Server settings on Win2k3 Is this possible?

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• Reaching to the Holy Grail of Data Management

  - by Irem Radzik

  Pervasive, continuous access to trusted data. That’s the ultimate goal of data management. It enables to leverage data as an asset to create value for customers and the organization. It creates the strong foundation needed to move the business forward. How you get there is also critical. As with all IT initiatives using high performance solutions with low cost of ownership is another key requirement in today’s IT world. Oracle's  data integration product strategy focuses on helping customers achieve this ultimate goal with high performance and low TCO.  At OpenWorld, we will be showing how Oracle Data Integration products help you reach your data management goals, considering new trends in information management, such as big data and cloud computing. We will also provide an update on the latest product releases, such as Oracle GoldenGate 11gR2. If you will be at OpenWorld, please join us on Monday Oct 1st 10:45am at Moscone West – 3005 to hear our VP of Product Development, Brad Adelberg, present "Future Strategy, Direction, and Roadmap of Oracle’s Data Integration Platform". The Data Integration track at OpenWorld covers variety of topics and speakers. In addition to product management of Oracle GoldenGate, Oracle Data Integrator, and Enteprise Data Quality presenting product updates and roadmap, we have several customer panels and stand-alone sessions featuring select customers such as St. Jude Medical, Raymond James, Aderas, Turkcell, Paychex, Comcast,  Ticketmaster, Bank of America and more. You can see an overview of Data Integration sessions here. If you are not able to attend OpenWorld, please check out our latest resources for Data Integration and Oracle GoldenGate. In the coming weeks you will see more blogs about our products’ new capabilities and what to expect at OpenWorld. I hope to see you at OpenWorld and stay in touch via our future blogs. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

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• which vista services can be disabled with impunity?

  - by GwenKillerby

  I use Vista on a HP pavilion DV2 laptop. When I look through all the services my laptop starts, it really seems there's way too much of it. I multi boot with XP and 7. Both startup in 40 seconds. Vista takes four minutes. Is there some software that can determine which services I don't need? On 7, there's no propietary HP stuff at all, yet it seems to run fine. Because all these service, there's a LOT of them and some just sit there doing nothing, monitoring for updates I don't really need or want or need to know about the second they're available. my laptop is the only computer i use at home, there's no home network, aside from the modem-router, which is cabled, not wifi. Take for instance Parental controls, and stuff for people with bad eyesight, Tablet PC. I really never use any of that stuff. Hope this question is specific enough. I've looked at the other questions but they didn't answer me. thanks, Gwen.

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• How do I replicate Gmail filtering (forwarding mostly)?

  - by projectdp

  I have reached the limits of Gmail forwarding. Before there was no need to verify forwarding addresses. It's a problem for me now because the addresses I want to forward to are not natural inboxes but automated systems with no way to track the verification email contents. I want to set this up for example: mobile - email - facebook-email - flickr-email - tumblr-email - posterous-email How do I do this without Gmail filters? I think I need to use fetchmail to watch my inbox and then autoforward to the above addresses. Is fetchmail the best solution to this issue? Any other MRA's? I'd like to do some more complicated things with the emails in an automated fashion too, how would I go about monitoring the inbox, doing some actions to the email before forwarding, and forward everywhere? prerequisites: a server: fetchmail daemon to poll the account local mailbox script to clean & forward appropriately (python probably) sendmail + ~/.forward file backup email account (Gmail probably) Any help would be greatly appreciated. I'm trying to automate my social content distribution.

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• Using udev to create a character device based on a driver being loaded

  - by SteveCB

  I'm in the process of setting up RAID monitoring for a number of Dell servers that use the PERC 6i integrated card. We're using Nagios at present and the check_megasasctl plugin seems to fit the bill. However, the plugin relies upon the existence of: /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node This device node doesn't exist by default, you have to create it by hand using something like: mknod /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node c 253 0 Now, to make the existence of this device node persistent across reboots, I thought I could write a udev rule, but as usual, I'm missing something. I thought I could create a file such as /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local/rules that contained: DRIVER=="megasas" NAME="megaraid_sas_ioctl_node" MODE="0600" But this doesn't work - no device node after a reboot. Dmesg output indicates the megasas driver is loaded and functional: megasas: 00.00.04.01-RH1 Thu July 10 09:41:51 PST 2008 megasas: 0x1000:0x0060:0x1028:0x1f0c: bus 1:slot 0:func 0 megasas: FW now in Ready state Further, I don't see any means to instruct udev on which type of device node to create: character or block. I suspect I'm failing to understand exactly how udev is meant to work. I realise I could just cheat and run MegaCLI in /etc/rc.local, redirecting output to /dev/null; it creates the megaraid_sas_ioctl_node device node as part of its execution. I just thought using udev rules would be a) cleaner and b) a useful learning exercise. Perhaps I should just dump the above mknod command in /etc/rc.local... So how do I get udev to create the /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node device node based on the presence of the megasas driver? Cheers Steve

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• Windows desktop virutalization instead of replacing work stations

  - by Chris Marisic

  I'm head of the IT department at the small business I work for, however I am primarily a software architect and all of my system administration experience and knowledge is ancillary to software development. At some point this year or next we will be looking at upgrading our workstation environment to a uniform Windows 7 / Office 2010 environment as opposed to the hodge podge collection of various OEM licensed editions of software that are on each different machine. It occurred to me that it is probably possible to forgo upgrading each workstation and instead have it be a dumb terminal to access a virutalization server and have their entire virtual workstation hosted on the server. Now I know basically anything is possible but is this a feasible solution for a small business (25-50 work stations)? Assuming that this is feasible, what type of rough guidelines exist for calculating the required server resources needed for this. How exactly do solutions handle a user accessing their VM, do they log on normally to their physical workstation and then use remote desktop to access their VM, or is it usually done with a client piece of software to negotiate this? What types of software available for administering and monitoring these VM's, can this functionality be achieved out of box with Microsoft Server 2008? I'm mostly interested in these questions relating to Server 2008 with Hyper-V but fell free to offer insight with VMware's product line up, especially if there's any compelling reasons to choose them over Hyper-V in a Microsoft shop. Edit: Just to add some more information on implementation goals would be to upgrade our platform from a Win2k3 / XP environment to a full Windows 2008 / Win7 platform without having to perform any of that associated work with our each differently configured workstation. Also could anyone offer any realistic guidelines for how big of hardware is needed to support 25-50 workstations virtually? The majority the workstations do nothing except Office, Outlook and web. The only high demand workstations are the development workstations which would keep everything local.

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• Macros in Excel 2010 hangs

  - by Ahmad

  I have a spreadsheet with several macros. Generally, when previously using Excel 2007, a user clicks a button and everything works as expected (calculations, some email sending & file I/O). Typically, the expected run-time is about 90 seconds. The spreadsheet is a xlsm file created with Excel 2007. With Excel 2010 however, the same user process results in a non-responsive excel and forces us to kill excel from the task manager. Some note that I have gathered so far in trying to debug this issue: When monitoring CPU usage, it seems that Excel does start the macro. CPU usage increases as expected to about 47% for a few seconds. Excel.exe than drops to 0% usage and I now have a non-responsive Excel (even after 1 hour). If I set debug break points across modules and different functions and step through the code (after clicking the button) , the process works as expected albeit much slower. To add, there were no exceptions. I am at a complete loss as to what the issue may be. I initially thought it may be the add in that is being used but that was debunked by point 2. This seems to be a very odd situation. I can provide more information if required, but I'm at wits end about the root cause could be. I need help in diagnosing and resolving this issue.

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• Proving What You are Worth

  - by Ted Henson

  Here is a challenge for everyone. Just about everyone has been asked to provide or calculate the Return on Investment (ROI), so I will assume everyone has a method they use. The problem with stopping once you have an ROI is that those in the C-Suite probably do not care about the ROI as much as Return on Equity (ROE). Shareholders are mostly concerned with their return on the money the invested. Warren Buffett looks at ROE when deciding whether to make a deal or not. This article will outline how you can add more meaning to your ROI and show how you can potentially enhance the ROE of the company.   First I want to start with a base definition I am using for ROI and ROE. Return on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE) are ways to measure management effectiveness, parts of a system of measures that also includes profit margins for profitability, price-to-earnings ratio for valuation, and various debt-to-equity ratios for financial strength. Without a set of evaluation metrics, a company's financial performance cannot be fully examined by investors. ROI and ROE calculate the rate of return on a specific investment and the equity capital respectively, assessing how efficient financial resources have been used. Typically, the best way to improve financial efficiency is to reduce production cost, so that will be the focus. Now that the challenge has been made and items have been defined, let’s go deeper. Most research about implementation stops short at system start-up and seldom addresses post-implementation issues. However, we know implementation is a continuous improvement effort, and continued efforts after system start-up will influence the ultimate success of a system.   Most UPK ROI’s I have seen only include the cost savings in developing the training material. Some will also include savings based on reduced Help Desk calls. Using just those values you get a good ROI. To get an ROE you need to go a little deeper. Typically, the best way to improve financial efficiency is to reduce production cost, which is the purpose of implementing/upgrading an enterprise application. Let’s assume the new system is up and running and all users have been properly trained and are comfortable using the system. You provide senior management with your ROI that justifies the original cost. What you want to do now is develop a good base value to a measure the current efficiency. Using usage tracking you can look for various patterns. For example, you may find that users that are accessing UPK assistance are processing a procedure, such as entering an order, 5 minutes faster than those that don’t.  You do some research and discover each minute saved in processing a claim saves the company one dollar. That translates to the company saving five dollars on every transaction. Assuming 100,000 transactions are performed a year, and all users improve their performance, the company will be saving $500,000 a year. That $500,000 can be re-invested, used to reduce debt or paid to the shareholders.   With continued refinement during the life cycle, you should be able to find ways to reduce cost. These are the type of numbers and productivity gains that senior management and shareholders want to see. Being able to quantify savings and increase productivity may also help when seeking a raise or promotion.

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• Merely installing PHP5 causes my AWS Ubuntu server to die minutes later from a massive CPU spike

  - by Mark Amery

  I have an AWS server with Ubuntu 11.04 as the OS that is running an Apache2 webserver (incidentally Python-based and using Django). We recently needed to add support for php5 to let us use a third party PHP library (incidentally for serving minified versions of js and css files). However, for no reason any of us can discern, if we simply run sudo apt-get install php5 on the server, then the install appears to finish successfully but, without us taking any further action (including not yet running sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5, which I think would be the next step for us if everything worked), or actually running any PHP scripts on the server, a few minutes later the server becomes impossible to connect to, and looking at the 'Monitoring' tab for the server in the EC2 Management Console reveals that a while after the installation, CPU usage spikes to 100% and stays there permanently (until we reboot the server from the AWS Console). After rebooting, the server also reliably dies within a few (between 0 and 10) minutes. We restored the server to a pre-PHP state from an AMI Image, observed that it was stable, and then tried installing PHP5 again and observed the server die in exactly the same way, so we're pretty much certain that installing PHP5 is what causes the symptoms. What on earth could be causing this behaviour, and how can we get PHP installed on the server without it dying?

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• How far should we take the N+N redundancy craziness ?

  - by Brann

  The industry standard when it comes from redundancy is quite high, to say the least. To illustrate my point, here is my current setup (I'm running a financial service). Each server has a RAID array in case something goes wrong on one hard drive .... and in case something goes wrong on the server, it's mirrored by another spare identical server ... and both server cannot go down at the same time, because I've got redundant power, and redundant network connectivity, etc ... and my hosting center itself has dual electricity connections to two different energy providers, and redundant network connectivity, and redundant toilets in case the two security guards (sorry, four) needs to use it at the same time ... and in case something goes wrong anyway (a nuclear nuke? can't think of anything else), I've got another identical hosting facility in another country with the exact same setup. Cost of reputational damage if down = very high Probability of a hardware failure with my setup : <<1% Probability of a hardware failure with a less paranoiac setup : <<1% ASWELL Probability of a software failure in our application code : 1% (if your software is never down because of bugs, then I suggest you doublecheck your reporting/monitoring system is not down. Even SQLServer - which is arguably developed and tested by clever people with a strong methodology - is sometimes down) In other words, I feel like I could host a cheap laptop in my mother's flat, and the human/software problems would still be my higher risk. Of course, there are other things to take into consideration such as : scalability data security the clients expectations that you meet the industry standard But still, hosting two servers in two different data centers (without extra spare servers, nor doubled network equipment apart from the one provided by my hosting facility) would provide me with the scalability and the physical security I need. I feel like we're reaching a point where redundancy is just a communcation tool. Honestly, what's the difference between a 99.999% uptime and a 99.9999% uptime when you know you'll be down 1% of the time because of software bugs ? How far do you push your redundancy crazyness ?

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• Why are certain folders in my XP network share really, really slow?

  - by bikefixxer

  I have a workgroup set up with Windows XP. My file "server" is running XP Pro and the clients are running XP home. I've turned simple file sharing off on the server because certain clients need access to certain folders and not to others, and I want to keep it that way. Therefore, I've used the granular sharing/security settings to enable certain clients access to certain folders. I'm using the net use command in a batch file on the clients to add the share when they logon so it's always available via a mapped drive or a shortcut. On some clients "My Documents" points to the mapped drive, but all of the local and application settings stay local. Everything works well except for accessing a certain folder on the network. It contains a lot of random batch files and self-executable programs I use for diagnostics and what not, and nearly every time I open the folder the computer hangs for 15-60 seconds. This happens on every machine, including the server (but not nearly as often as the clients). I've searched high and low and cannot figure it out and it's driving me crazy. Here are all the things I've tried to no avail: Disabled firewall (XP) and anti-virus (ESET NOD32) Deleted any desktop.ini file I can find in the share Disabled "automatically search for network folders and printers" Disabled "remember each folder's view settings" Set HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer NoRecentDocsNetHood = 1 Tried with mapped drives and with UNC shortcuts Ran CHKDSK Removed Read-Only attribute from all folders (well, tried to remove, it always came back on with a half check) Added the server's static IP to the hosts file on the clients I've tried monitoring the server's performance to see if anything makes sense. Occasionally the issue coincides with a spike in pages/sec (memory) but not always. Other than that, everything else seems normal. The anti-virus would seem to be the most likely cause to me considering the batch files and what not, but it still hangs when it is completely disabled. I'm at a loss and if anyone can help me with this I'd greatly appreciate it!

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• Erratic WiFi 2.4 GHz channel spikes, what gives?

  - by Francis W. Usher

  Sorry guys, first a gripe about my neighbor's WiFi access point (it is related): they totally hog the center nine 2.4 GHz channels (3-11), centered right at 7! I know the outer regions of the signal don't make as much of a difference, and technically they're running channels 5 & 9. Anyway, their signal is clearly interfering with mine, which is necessarily centered at 3 or 11 to evade their interference. I guess it's somewhat a case of access point envy: they happen to have both a stronger signal and a higher data rate, while occupying twice the band width that I do. Getting to the point, I've noticed that they tend to sit nice and pretty centered at 7, but they definitely auto-select their channel, and I've noticed that the auto-selection algorithm tends to shift towards the higher channels; hence I decided to pick channel 3, and I don't get so many intermittent lag spikes any more. Anyway, the thing that weirded me out was the reason they have to auto-select sometimes: unexplained, powerful (talking order of 0dB here), giant spikes of 2.4 GHz activity in consistent regions of the spectrum. I don't think it's just noise, since my wireless monitoring software is registering a MAC address, a manufacturer, and usually a fairly coherent ascii name... and it seems to be a fairly well-confined signal. But these signals are fairly common, and they do some weird stuff to my signal. So my question is what are these signals? Where are they coming from? Where are they going? Why are they so ridiculously strong? Why don't they ever last very long? Here's an inSSIDer screenshot I took, for your perusal. I am labeled with "me", my greedy neighbor labeled with "neighbor", and the 2 quasar signals are labeled with "WTF?".

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• Did my registrar screw up or is this how name server propagation works?

  - by Brad

  So my company has a number of domains with a large registrar that shall go unnamed. We are making some changes to our DNS infrastructure and the first of those is we are moving our secondary DNS from one server on site to four servers offsite. So we updated the name servers for each domain at the registrar by removing the entry for the old secondary name server and adding the four new ones. I monitored the old secondary server for requests and when I saw no new requests had been made for 24 hours I shut it down. That was this morning. I assumed at this point everything was good. Unfortunately this was my mistake. I should have gone and made sure name servers at large were returning the correct NS records. So this afternoon we were performing maintenance on our primary DNS server and we shut it down. This is when I started getting alerts from our external monitoring. I checked and sure enough, the DNS server used there reported the only NS record for our primary domain was the primary name server. The new secondary servers were not listed and neither was the old secondary. Is it unreasonable of me to have assumed that because the update was from ns1.mydomain.com ns2.mydomain.com to ns1.mydomain.com ns1.backupdns.com ns2.backupdns.com ns3.backupdns.com ns4.backupdns.com in one step at the registrar that there should be no intermediate state where the only NS record was for ns1.mydomain.com? Going forward to be safe obviously I will always leave the old name servers alone until after I'm 100% sure the new ones have propagated and only then remove the old name servers from the registrar. However, I'd still like to know if my registrar screwed up or if my expectation was unreasonable.

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• Dell OMCI: Wacky values for Temperature and etc? (Win7x64)

  - by Yablargo

  Hey All. I am running a Dell Precision R5400 Workstation with dell OMCI installed. I am using it to test polling various data over WMI for our monitoring across the enterprise. I'm getting some weird results. perhaps someone can help point me in the direction of some clarification? Posted is the results of my DCIM\SYSMAN\DCIM_NumericSensor probe for sensor type 2(temp sensor) Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host Version 5.8 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. ----------------------------------- DCIM_NumericSensor instance ----------------------------------- Accuracy: AccuracyUnits: AdditionalAvailability: Availability: AvailableRequestedStates: BaseUnits: 2 Caption: CommunicationStatus: CreationClassName: DCIM_NumericSensor CurrentReading: -214748365 CurrentState: Unknown Description: DetailedStatus: DeviceID: Root/MainSystemChassis/TemperatureObj ElementName: Temperature Sensor:CPU0 EnabledDefault: 2 EnabledState: 2 EnabledThresholds: ErrorCleared: ErrorDescription: HealthState: 5 Hysteresis: IdentifyingDescriptions: InstallDate: IsLinear: LastErrorCode: LocationIndicator: LowerThresholdCritical: LowerThresholdFatal: LowerThresholdNonCritical: MaxQuiesceTime: MaxReadable: MinReadable: Name: NominalReading: NormalMax: NormalMin: OperatingStatus: OperationalStatus: 2 OtherEnabledState: OtherIdentifyingInfo: OtherSensorTypeDescription: PollingInterval: PossibleStates: Unknown,Normal,Fatal,Lower Non-Critical,Upper Non-Critical,Lower Critical,Upper Critical PowerManagementCapabilities: PowerManagementSupported: PowerOnHours: PrimaryStatus: ProgrammaticAccuracy: RateUnits: 0 RequestedState: 12 Resolution: SensorType: 2 SettableThresholds: Status: StatusDescriptions: StatusInfo: SupportedThresholds: SystemCreationClassName: DCIM_ComputerSystem SystemName: dt:5Q7BKK1 TimeOfLastStateChange: Tolerance: TotalPowerOnHours: TransitioningToState: 12 UnitModifier: 0 UpperThresholdCritical: UpperThresholdFatal: UpperThresholdNonCritical: ValueFormulation: 2 I'm not really sure whats going on, but note the CurrentReading: -214748365. I have reinstalled OMCI a few times, installed the OMCI 7x compatability and same thing I consistently get that error. It almost looks like its a issue between 32/64 bit value or something? Do I have to convert it to a float ? :)

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• Trouble connecting to a local SQL server instance from the web

  - by dfarney

  We have a small network behind a firewall (WatchGuard XTM 2 series) and network switch. On our network we have multiple instances of SQL server, but 1 in specific that I would like to be able to access remotely from our website. We have a static IP address from our ISP and then all the machines on the network have a locally assigned dynamic IP address. When trying to connect to the database from outside our network how do I get the request to be directed to the proper machine / SQL instance? Is it a parameter in my connection string or something in my firewall? A few things to rule out: 1) The firewall is allowing access from the website to our network. I added the site's IP and opened up port 1433. Also, when trying to connect and monitoring the firewall no exceptions come up as they did before I added the proper IP address. 2) Remote connections on the SQL server has been setup and enabled. I've done a lot of reading up on remote connections and I am sure it has been setup properly. I am currently getting this error message on my site: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: TCP Provider, error: 0 - A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.)

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• Juniper router dropping pings to external interface

  - by Alexander Garden

  My organization has a Juniper SSG20-WLAN that routes our traffic to the outside world. We've been having intermittent problems with our internet connection so I wrote up a Python script to ping the internal interface of the router, the external interface, a couple of our internal servers, the ISP router our router talks to, their upstream provider, and Google and Yahoo for good measure. It does that about every minute. What I have found is that when our internet goes out, our Juniper router ceases responding to pings on the external interface. Everything past that is, of course, unreachable. The internal interface and our internal servers continue to echo back without interruption. None of the counters indicate dropped packets of any type. They all look normal. The logs complain about VIP servers being unavailable but otherwise nothing indicative of network issues. My questions are these: Does this exonerate our ISP? Or, contrawise, might a problem with the connection be causing the external interface to go down? Is there somewhere else in the SSG20, beside the system log and counters, that might help me track down info on the problem? UPDATE: Turned out that one of the switches between my monitoring box and the router was a router itself, and occasionally diverting from the gateway to itself. Kudos to those who made suggestions along those lines. Not really sure which answer to mark as accepted, as it was really stuff in the comments that turned out to be right. Thanks for the suggestions.

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• Freebsd jail for an small company - checklist - what shouldn't forget

  - by cajwine

  Looking for an checklist for an "small company freebsd/jail server". Having pretty common starting point: FreeBSD jail (remote/headless) for the company: public web, email, ftp server, and private (maybe in the future partially public) wiki (foswiki) 4 physical persons, (6 email addresses) + one admin - others will never use ssh) have already done usual hardening on the host side (like pf, sshguard etc). my major components are: dovecot, exim, apache22, proftpd, perl5.14. Looking for an checklist, what I shouldn't forget. My plan: openssl self-signed certificates for exim, dovecot and proftpd (wildcard keys) openssl self-signed certificate for apache (later will go for "trusted-signed" key) My questions are: is is an "good practice" having one pair of wildcard SSL-certificates for many programs? (exim, dovecot, proftpd) - or should I generate one key for each service? should I add all 4 persons as standard (unix) users, or I should go with virtual users? Asking because: have only small count of users, and it is more simple to configure everything (exim, dovecot) for local users ($HOME/Maildir), plus ability to set $HOME/.forward/vacation and etc. is here some (special) things what I should consider? (e.g. maybe, in the future we want setup our own webmail - will make this any difference?) any other recommendation? Thank you, hoping that this question fit into the http://serverfault.com/faq under the: Server and Business Workstation operating systems, hardware, software Operations, maintenance, and monitoring Looking for an checklist, but please explain why you're recommending it. See Good Subjective, Bad Subjective. related: What's your suggested mail server configuration for a FreeBSD server?

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• Intermittently uncommunicative subnets

  - by mhd

  Last week proved me a veritable Cassandra: I've always said that it's a bad idea to have only one firewall/router, without a backup or failover. And thus our Cisco PIX went haywire, refusing to route properly. And of course, the only one available here on short notice is me, and while I'm quite grounded in Linux, I'm really a developer not a sysadmin (the fact that this hit me on sysadmin appreciation day is a bit ironic). Anyway, this weekend I tried to hack up a temporary solution: I used an old server with enough NICs (two built-in, four on a card) to serve as a gateway and firewall. Due to some problems with the raid controller, I got only two router distros running, and between Untangle and Ebox I decided for the latter. Now everything is quite okay. I've got all the different subnets we've got here (all with separate switches) talking to each other and even to the internet (Cisco 2800 router, T1 lines). But from time to time (20-60 minute intervals), I get a total routing failure. Our main, office subnet can't talk to our server subnet and can't connect to the internet. This is not the end of a gradual slowdown, either everything's working perfectly or I get a total lack of communication for about two minutes each time. Now I'm a bit at wits end what to check. At least with the default EBox setup, nothing in /var/log shows anything weird and it doesn't exactly have lots of built-in monitoring tools. So I'm hoping someone here could give me some pointers about what to look out for. I did change the ethernet cable from the office switch to the firewall, with no results. I might change switches, although within the switch it seems to work ok enough. Edit: I'm not sure whether this is the sole cause of the problem, but after I noticed a few DHCP entries just before the last drop of connectivity, I tried to reproduce that. And alas, whenever I renew a DHCP connection, I can't access other subnets anymore. Running ISC DHCPD 3.0.6.

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• Server slowdown

  - by Clinton Bosch

  I have a GWT application running on Tomcat on a cloud linux(Ubuntu) server, recently I released a new version of the application and suddenly my server response times have gone from 500ms average to 15s average. I have run every monitoring tool I know. iostat says my disks are 0.03% utilised mysqltuner.pl says I am OK other see below top says my processor is 99% idle and load average: 0.20, 0.31, 0.33 memory usage is 50% (-/+ buffers/cache: 3997 3974) mysqltuner output [OK] Logged in using credentials from debian maintenance account. -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.63-0ubuntu0.10.04.1-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 370M (Tables: 52) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 697M (Tables: 1749) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 1754 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 19h 25m 41s (1M q [28.122 qps], 1K conn, TX: 2B, RX: 1B) [--] Reads / Writes: 98% / 2% [--] Total buffers: 1.0G global + 2.7M per thread (500 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 2.4G (30% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (1/1M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 34% (173/500) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 16.0M/279.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.9% (50K cached / 40 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 61.4% (844K cached / 1M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 553779 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 34K sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 4% (4K on disk / 102K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 84% (185 created / 1K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (256 open / 27K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 0% (20/2K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (692K immediate / 692K locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 697.2M/1.0G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: query_cache_size (> 16M) table_cache (> 256)

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• Poor performance on IIS7, only on Windows Server 2008, fine on Windows 7?

  - by user32005

  Hi, I'm new to IIS7 but have experience with other versions. I've been working on an application that works great in a dev environment (as always) but when I push it to a windows server 2008/IIS7 box performance takes a noticeable hit. The dev environment is Windows7/IIS7. The configuration in IIS is the same on the dev box as the server. I've tried all sorts of things to try and find a reason for this but I cant come to any conclusion. I've ruled out database problems on the live box as all data is cached after the first request. I've confirmed this to be true and made sure there is no additional database traffic. I've ruled out network issues with a combination of monitoring requests with fiddler and local debugging on the server. Whenever the code runs on the server there seems to be a performance issue. The server: Intel Core 2 Quad CPU Q6600 @ 2.40ghz with 2gb RAM. I know this is not fantastic but I was expecting it to at least perform as well as my dev environment (which is running much more on a lower spec). The CPU using peaks at under 60%, and memory usage is less than half of the available. I've enabled failed request tracing and most of the time is spent in a custom HttpModule, this module works to handle every request, I cant get any more detail as to what within the module may be causing the problem. Any ideas, I've been pulling my hair out for days now. Thanks

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• Linux CentOS strange memory readings

  - by user2008937

  I am actually a young junior sys admin. I have a question - i am trying to understand how linux deals with memory... while playing around different monitoring programs I found some strange thing. When I run top on my laptop it shows me that FIREFOX process with pid 8778 takes 18,3% of memory (%MEM column). grep "MemTotal" /proc/meminfo Above command give me 1848336kb/1024 = 1805megs of memory (its ok - i have 2 gigs of ram). So if the firefox process takes 18,3% of MEM(according to tops %MEM column) then it takes 0.183 * 1805 which is approximately 325mb of memory. Quite a lot as for firefox... But well, in Linux there are lots of shared libraries that programs commonly uses (like famous libc). And those libraries are added to memory utilization of every process that uses it in the system, despite they are actually reading same file(single object in memory). So top may show too big mem utilization because of those shared libraries. Well, it is time to use PMAP which should show us the real mem utilization of process. But.. pmap -d $(pidof firefox) mapped: 983460K writeable/private: 757164K shared: 66416K so pmap shows that 983460/1024=993MB of memory is mapped to this process. It is in fact much bigger than mem utilization showed by top. Whats wrong here? How pmap can show more than top? even when top adds also the shared libraries (which in fact are single objects in memory) for each process that uses it? and pmap omits it? Regards Krzysztof

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• Suspending/Screen Going Off When Still In Use (Ubuntu & Arch)

  - by luke

  I have a laptop (HP Pavilion G6) that was running Ubuntu and for a while now (at least 6 months) has been having a problems randomly suspending whilst still in use with a full battery and still being charged. Originally the problem was with Ubuntu so I first attempted to disable suspend using every way I could find (gui settings + dconf editor) this didn't work and it still kept suspending so I ended up switching to Arch Linux. Unfortunately not long after switching to Arch Linux I ended up experiencing the same problems. So yet again I modified the settings in /etc/systemd/logind.conf to prevent it from suspending and this time it worked, kind of. Now I am experiencing the screen going off and I have to change to a different tty (by using ctrl-alt-fx, which was something I also found I had to do sometimes when waking up from suspend in Ubuntu) to get the screen to go back on. The strange thing is this only happens when running a Linux distros and only occasionally (e.g. it may happen once/twice a week at most). But when it does happen it can happen multiple times in a row. And it only seems to happen when I am using it. This may just mean that it hasn't happened yet when I am not but generally if I leave it to run something or play a video it hasn't occurred only when I am using it regardless of which program I am using (e.g. it has occurred when using firefox, vim, even when using a virtualbox vm). At first I thought it could be the CPU temperature but after monitoring it I discovered it occurred a lot of the time when my CPU was less than 50 °C. I then checked /var/log/* but could not see anything related to it suspending only a few standard things from when it was woken up. I am really out of ideas and really hoping someone can help. Thanks in advance.

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• Random and Selective ARP blindness in VMWare ESXi 4.1

  - by Peter Grace

  We have multiple VMWare ESX servers spread out amongst our company, doing various tasks. One particular ESXi host is exhibiting very peculiar behavior. We detect it when our monitoring system (Orion) notifies us that it can no longer ping the box. Upon jumping on the local console of the guest in question, we see that it cannot ping any new addresses that aren't already in its ARP table. At first we thought that the problem was just related to one of our guests, as the problem seemed to always happen to another guest, DevRedis. However, this afternoon the problem swapped and started happening on ApacheBox rather than DevRedis. When I have been fortunate to catch the problem, I have run tcpdump on both sides of the connection (one side being vmware, the other side being a physical webserver) and have noticed the following course of events: Guest ApacheBox sends an ARP request for the physical address of server WindowsBeast WindowsBeast tenders an ARP is-at back to the network indicating its physical mac address. ApacheBox never sees the ARP is-at response. The ESX host in question is running VMware ESXi, 4.1.0, 348481 The two guests (DevRedis and ApacheBox) are both running CentOS 6.3, however they are running two separate kernel versions ( 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 and 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 ) so I'm not entirely sure it's a CentOS problem. Does anyone have any thoughts on what might cause this? Has anyone run into it before?

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