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• Flow of packets in network

  - by user58859

  I can't visualize in my mind the network traffic flow. eg. If there are 15 pc's in a LAN When packet goes from router to local LAN, do it passes all the computers? Does it go to the ethernet card of every computer and those computers accept the packet based on their physical address? To which pc the packet will go first? To the nearest to the router? What happens if that first pc captures that packet(though it is not for it)? What happens when a pc broadcast a message? Do it have to generate 14 packets for all the pc's or only one packet reach to all pc's? If it is one packet and captured by first pc, how other pc's can get that? I can't imagine how this traffic is exactly flows? May be my analogy is completely wrong. Can anybody explain me this?

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• Network with bridge and port forwarding?

  - by rafek

  Hi! Below is my current (and planned) home network configuration. I would like to connect my non-wifi-capable desktop to my home network. The question is: HOW? What device do I need? The primary requiremen is that I need to be able to forward ports to my desktop. How would I achieve this? Is there something like "double port forwarding"? Could anyone please explain this configuration to me? Thank you in advance!

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• Why some recovery tools are still able to find deleted files after I purge Recycle Bin, defrag the disk and zero-fill free space?

  - by Ivan

  As far as I understand, when I delete (without using Recycle Bin) a file, its record is removed from the file system table of contents (FAT/MFT/etc...) but the values of the disk sectors which were occupied by the file remain intact until these sectors are reused to write something else. When I use some sort of erased files recovery tool, it reads those sectors directly and tries to build up the original file. In this case, what I can't understand is why recovery tools are still able to find deleted files (with reduced chance of rebuilding them though) after I defragment the drive and overwrite all the free space with zeros. Can you explain this? I thought zero-overwritten deleted files can be only found by means of some special forensic lab magnetic scan hardware and those complex wiping algorithms (overwriting free space multiple times with random and non-random patterns) only make sense to prevent such a physical scan to succeed, but practically it seems that plain zero-fill is not enough to wipe all the tracks of deleted files. How can this be?

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• MySQL dump, output each table row on a new line whilst using --extended-insert

  - by soopadoubled

  I'm having an issue, where for ease of use, I'd like to be able to format a command line MySQL dump so that each row of a given table is on a new line when using the --extended-insert option. Usually when using --extended-insert, every row of a given table is outputted on one line, and as far as I am aware there's no way to change this, other than post-processing the dump with perl or such like. The format I'm looking for is: -- -- Dumping data for table `ww_tbCountry` -- INSERT INTO `ww_tbCountry` (`iCountryId_PK`, `vCountryName`, `vShortName`, `iSortFlag`, `fTax`, `vCountryCode`, `vSageTaxCode`) VALUES (22, 'Albania', 'AL', 1, 0.00, '8', 'T9'), (33, 'Austria', 'AT', 1, 15.00, '40', 'T9'), (40, 'Belarus', 'BY', 1, 0.00, '112', 'T9'), (41, 'Belgium', 'BE', 1, 15.00, '56', 'T9'), (51, 'Bulgaria', 'BG', 1, 15.00, '100', 'T9' However, when I dump a database using Phpmyadmin, using --extended-insert, each row is dumped on a new line (as shown by the example above). I've gone through Phpmyadmin and can't find any documentation that would explain this. Is anyone able to shed any light on this? Thanks in advance, Ian

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• Colors less saturated in Snow Leopard Finder, Preview & Safari than in Chrome -- why?

  - by Andrew Swift

  If I look at the picture here in Safari, Preview or the finder, the shades of blue are significantly different than if I look at the picture in Google Chrome (they are less saturated than in Chrome). Since I am a photographer and need to prepare pictures for publication online, I need to know what a jpeg should really look like, in order to color-correct it. I have an excellent Eizo monitor that is correctly calibrated. If I open the same image in Photoshop CS3, I get the Chrome colors if I use Monitor RGB under view proof setup, and I get the Safari colors if I use Macintosh RGB. Can anyone explain the difference between these two settings, and the difference between Safari and Chrome? Which colors are correct? Photos that I prepared under Windows (during the past five years) now seem washed out in the Apple Finder and Preview, even though I had correctly prepared them. Is there a setting on the Macintosh for color calibration, besides the monitor calibration control panel?

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• supervise/daemontools conflicts with apache -D FOREGROUND

  - by Kevin G.

  Hoping that somebody can help us understand this behavior. We've got a bunch of daemontools services under /etc/service/. One of the services controls apache, and the run script has this in it. exec envdir /var/lib/supervise/wwwproxy/env setuidgid root bash <<-BASH ulimit -n 8192 # also increase the running user's file descriptor limit exec apache2 -f /path/to/demo_apache2.conf -D FOREGROUND BASH We were having the problem that svc -d /etc/service/* actually had the effect of restarting all the services, it didn't take them down. We finally tracked it down to that one service, and found that svc -d /etc/service/apache2 would bring up any other service was down, including itself. Changing FOREGROUND to NO_DAEMONIZE fixes the behavior, but we'd really like to understand what's going on. Can anybody explain why an svc -d on one service would bring an other service up? Thanks for any clue you can offer.

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• How a router decides destination of packet?

  - by user58859

  I have basic networking question. Scenario : Two pc's are communicating on a wan. Both the pc's ate behind routers or modems. My question : Both the pc's have public IP of each other. That public IP is most of the time is either of the router or of the modem. There can be more then one pc's behind those routers and modems. Then how the pc's are communicating. I can understand the packets can reach upto those routers or modems. But what after that. In the packet , destination IP is public IP. Then how the router or modem decides where to send the packet? Can anybody explain me this please. Thanks in advance.

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• create a bootable usb to automatic repair windows xp system32 files

  - by Edo Post

  Is it possible to create a script/live distro that replaces some system32 files? To explain it a bit more in details: There is a company that has multiple computers (think in 100/1000's) and they all are missing the same system32 files since the company's software removed it. The systems are distributed all over the world and are managed by "normal" people who don't have any knowledge about computers. I want to create a usb stick that i can mail to all those people which contains a script that executes when you boot the usb. this script should replace the missing system32 files without any user input is this possible, and if so how could i manage this?

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• Web Development - How to access custom host, defined in my hosts file, from another device in the same network

  - by Neara

  Ok, I hope i'll be able to explain the issue im experiencing. I'm working on a project, that has 2 parts: one takes all requests from usual localhost, the other handles requests from myhost.local. While trying to access both addresses from my computer, it works ok. But now i need to test myhost.local on mobile devices, connected to the same network. Usually i would just run server from my computer ip in the network: python manage.py runserver 10.0.0.8:8000 And then from any device, going to 10.0.0.8:8000 would show the project im working on. However, now accessing that ip address routes me straight to localhost. So, my question is how to access myhost.local from another device in same network? I don't want to change router settings, if that can be avoided, cos sometimes i work from places where i can't access router admin. Is there any network settings on my computer, that i can change to fix the routing to myhost.local w.o losing access to localhost as well?

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• What is the best IP/Subnet set up strategy for a multi-server webhosting setup?

  - by Roy Andre

  Sorry for the mixed-up title, but let me try to explain better: We run a hosting solution, which until now has supported shared hosting and VPSes. Easy enough. We are now getting larger clients which require a more complex setup. We have more or less settled the server-setup itself, which will consist of: 1-2 Frontend Proxy/Load balancing servers 2+ Application servers 1 Database server 1 optional Memcached server The issue we are dealing with is to agree on a flexible and easy-to-maintain IP setup. So far we've been into VLAN'ing the internal servers in its own subnet, we've though of assigning an official IP to each server, and so on. What will be the best approach here? Any best practices? Using one official IP on the Frontend server, and then just set up an internal subnet for the servers behind that? We could then just NAT in any eventual sources required to access for instance the DB server directly over 3306.

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• Choosing a Linux distribution

  - by Luke Puplett

  Dangerous territory with this question so please try to be impartial and instead focus on what to look for when choosing a Linux distribution. I'm completely new to Linux. I thought it'd never happen but I need to have a Linux box to play with and I have a spare fanless Atom PC (32-bit only). I'll be using the machine as a non-commercial hobby server, the trouble is, I don't even know how to compare Linux distributions and why people pick one over another. If anything, I want to have an easy install from USB stick. My question is: what do you look for when choosing a (free?) Linux distribution for a server? If you can, please explain what sorts of things actually differ between one and another without saying which you think is better, just the facts. The way I see it, Linux as a server is just an SSH console and I find it hard to imagine what could be different between one and another.

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• Can't access dfs namespace over vpn

  - by cpf

  Hi Serverfault, I've recently configured 2 servers in AD on the same domain level. They are physically separated and permanently connected through a site-to-site vpn for dfs replication. All well, but when users connect to either site through vpn (from home e.g.) they can't use the domain level method: \\domain.com\data Internally this works perfectly, resolving domain.com when connected through vpn gets the correct IP. I've tried Google to figure things out. What I was able to find was that more people have this issue, no real solution found though. Can anyone explain why this is happening? Especially a solution would be really helpful! Thanks in advance.

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• Linux Mint loses Window Focus

  - by Chris

  I recently installed Linux Mint 13 64bit with Cinamon Desktop and run into a weird problem. It's about losing Mouse-Focus if more than one Window are open. For Example, I open up Chromium, play around a little bit, and then, if I try to open any Programms from the Taskbar, I cannot click on it. It seems that Chromium won't free his Focus. Another Example, if I open two Windows (e.g. Chromium and a Terminal) and I work with Chromium, then click into the Terminal I get no Focus to it. Sorry, its a bit hard to explain.

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• Connect two devices with ethernet

  - by mofle

  I have a MacBook Pro and I'm going to buy a Boxee Box. I have access to wireless internet, but it's slow and out of my control. So my question is, what is the best way for both devices to get internet access, and the Boxee Box to get SMB access to the Mac, when only the Mac is connected to the wireless internet? I'm thinking an ethernet cable from the Boxee Box to my Mac, and connection sharing on my Mac. Can you explain the setup, is there any configuring.

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• Setup IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel in VPN

  - by bfmeb

  Let me explain my szenario: I have a linux server A. A is reachable in a VPN. So if I am connected to the VPN over Internet I can successfully ping A. Server A is connected to a Router B. Router B has a local ipv6 address and there are resources (each of them with a local ipv6 address) connected to Router B. After I am connected to VPN, I am able to use ssh to have access over A. Now I can use the ping6 command to ping the Router B or one of its connected resources. This works fine. The ping fails if I try to ping router B on my computer. Overview: My Computer -- VPN -- Server A(ipv4) -- Router B(ipv6) -- Ressource A(ipv6) On resource A runs for example a HTTP-Server. My question is: How can I access Resource A (for example with HTTP) on my to VPN connected computer? Is it possible? Should I setup a tunnel device? Sorry for this inexpertly explanation, but I am new to network stuff!

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• How to Create a shortcut to files / folders on a drive with different / changing letters (root)?

  - by Rolo

  I have seen this question asked and answered many times but the location one usually desires to create the shortcut is on the actual drive with the different letters. I would like to create the shortcut on the drive with the permanent letter. So, let me explain further. I have a C Drive and a G Drive. The C Drive is always C and it's on a Windows XP computer. The G drive may be G today, but H tomorrow. How can I create a permanently working shortcut on the C Drive that points to the G, sometimes H, external hard drive? P.S. I am referring to an external hard drive, but I would also (not instead) be interested in the answer if it were a usb flash drive. (Keep in mind the shortcut is being created on the drive with the permanent letter). Thanks.

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• Why it's not possible to compile on a different OS than end-user OS [closed]

  - by sameold

  I was trying to compile a php extension on Windows and ran into some trouble. I then thought it was possible to do the compilation for Windows on Linux, but turned out that wasn't possible. Can someone explain to me why compiling has to be done on the same OS? I'm trying to understand this topic, specifically because if I want to distribute something, does that mean I have to compile it on all these OSs (Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Linux, Mac, etc. etc. etc.) So what makes it not possible to compile for one OS on another? Is it the kernel or what?

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• What could be wrong with my CD drive and how do you fix it?

  - by Jamie

  My CD drive hasn't worked in about 8 months. I was burning CDs in a hurry and pulled it out because it was taking too long (probably an average amount of time). Im running a laptop (Toshiba Satellite A505-6965) that uses a slot drive. Now my computer doesn't accept CDs. It used to pull them in but it doesn't anymore. Ive heard it make odd noises a few times but thats it. The slot is these spongey things and Ive managed to peek into the drive with a flashlight and theres nothing in the way, really. Could someone explain the mechanics of what happened and if it would be possible to fix it? If itd be possible to fix it through Linux that would be great since I keep getting the BSOD (0x0000007B) and am going to try reinstalling Windows 7. But I can't really do that since I don't have a USB drive larger than 2 GB (Windows is about 4 GB) so Im relying on Linux ATM.

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• Logical and Physical network topologies

  - by t.thielemans

  I'm trying to understand the difference between logical and physical topologies but it's a bit confusing to me. Cisco states these as logical topologies, but from my understanding these should be physical topologies? This is what I understand so far: Physical PtP: desktop directly connected to a desktop Multiaccess: several desktops connected to a medium with access to each other (Cisco Ring image, how should I view this in a live situation?) Ring: several desktops directly connected to each other creating a loop? Logical PtP: two desktops (virtually) connected to each other with intermediairy devices in between MultiAccess: (don't have a clue) Ring: (don't have a clue) Could anyone help me out and perhaps explain the difference a bit more detailed? Online I can't find any useful topics. I am using the Cisco Network Fundamentals book.

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• Error from DNS validation service: RFC821 4.3

  - by ferdi

  So I've managed to setup bind9 and a mail server, but it seems there is something wrong. I don't quite under stand this error: The configuration of your mail servers and your DNS are not ok! The report of the test is: mail.domain.com. - mail.domain.com - 208.xxx.xxx.xxx - lisa.domain.com Spam recognition software and RFC821 4.3 (also RFC2821 4.3.1) state that the hostname given in the SMTP greeting MUST have an A record pointing back to the same server. Can anyone explain this to me in a bit more detail, and maybe point me in a direction to solve this?

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• Why is ext3 so slow to delete large files?

  - by Janis Peisenieks

  I have a server, which makes an incremental backup of a system every night. Now on saturdays, there is a full backup. But after the full backup has finished, a script kicks in, that deletes the incrementals. Now, the script sometimes breaks, and it is because the incrementals are each about 10GB files, and sometimes takes too long for the script. Now could someone explain to me, or point me in the direction of a resource, that explains why ext3 is so slow to delete files, when compared to, lets say, NTFS? I know theses are 2 completely different file systems, but I'm really interested why is there such a big difference in deletion?

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• Black screen during startup

  - by Juanillo

  Hello, I've got a friend with a weird problem. When he starts his computer the screen is completely black untile the computer is completely started. So the screen is black until it suddenly shows the windows desktop. He said that this is happening since a technical service repaired his computer, but that repairment is not now in warranty. Recently the computer stopped working, but as the screen is black he cannot access to Bios or to secure start-up (by pressing F8). When he inserts the Windows Vista DVD the system doesn't boot from DVD (it musn't be configured in this way in the Bios.) Maybe there´s a problem with the hardware (maybe the graphic card). Can anyone explain a reason why the screen is black during start-up? Any idea of what to do with the computer to restore it? Thanks.

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• my file download speed is 180-200kbps but speedtest is showing 1.7mbps and i am subsribed to 2mbps pack?

  - by edward

  i'm from Malaysia. I am subscribed to 2mbps pack from my country's ISP. But all i get is only 200kbps when download files from the internet, when i test my speed on speedtest.com , it shows me 1.7mbps. I am pretty confused , ISP should give users what they stated , yeah a 2mbps. But i only recieved 200kbps and the speedtest shows 1.7mbps which makes me confused even further. So i started googling and found out that it is related to something called VPN compression? can anyone explain to me how these things works? why am i getting much much lower speed than i have subscribe to. (I am using a D-Link DSL-2750 U modem) Thanks.

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• Any website/software where i can add some text rows on daily basis

  - by Moorage

  I have few notes or text like few remembering lines on daily or weekly basis. I want to write it. but i should be able to see at any backdate /monthly or yearly. The date-time should also be stored when i enter text. is it possible EDIT: I will explain clearly what i exactly want. Suppose while working on internet 1)i find "ABC is good for BCD". now i want to add that text to some online site where i can see later 2)Now i can add those type of things any time and on internet i can see that in tabular form like click to see montly list , yearly or weekly 3)Other thing is i should be able to add text as easy as possible like in firefox if i can press some shotcut and enter something and it gets added there rather than opening the site and then write The to do list do that sort of thing but they dont have creation date , rather they filter based on due date.

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• Use HAProxy or Nginx to Load Balance between VPS

  - by xperator

  I want to load balance + failover backup multiple vps webservers hosted on different providers. I heard that for HAProxy you need multiple server under the same subnet, plus a shared (virtual) ip address between load balancers. But it's not possible in my case cause every VPS is on different node/network. Is there a way to use HAProxy in this kind of setup ? ( Please explain how briefly, I don't want to hear your "YES" answer ) What about NginX? Is it possible to achieve same result with Nginx ? (when servers are located on different nets) I know about Round Rubin DNS, but it doesn't provide a real failover solution, neither a load balance between servers.

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