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• What are the methods of separating network spaces in a LAN?

  - by dash17291

  Please detail me the methods. My thoughts: put the servers in separate (sub)networks the servers are forced to go through the firewall but no NAT is required assign more IP addresses to the internal interface of the server choosing gateway addresses from the clients and servers IP address ranges split DNS Netfilter/{iptables, ipset} could be heavily involved, I'm talking about Linux servers. See for example: Destination NAT Onto the Same Network from internal clients Please do not explain what is NAT or DNS. This is a theoretical question, but my poor English knowledge prevent me to describe it in a fancy fashion.

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• Stopped windows firewall service during ICS, how is this possible?

  - by insipid

  Although windows firewall is required to be on when you "start" Internet Connection Sharing, you can stop the WF service with MMC. When done a client can still use the host machines internet. The firewall had port 80/http blocked, and now it is open for incoming traffic. However other ports used by applications on the host and client which communicate with each other still seem to be blocked. Can anybody explain what might be happening here? Doesn't ICS need windows firewall for NAT? Note: I am not actually seeing anything in the firewall logs after stopping the service, but even packets sent localhost on the host machine never arriving on these other random ports.

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• What is the easiest way to apply database functionality into my daily life?

  - by Daddy Warbox

  let me try to explain it by listing some of the things I want to do: Submit random thoughts, notes, facts, and to-do tasks of any sort and at any time. Tag each of these submissions freely. Manage these tags centrally. Associate meta-data with submissions and tags. Search, filter, and sort submissions. I want lots of power here. Display views of submissions (including within searches) in a hierarchy. Create said hierarchies easily out by ordering relevant tags. I'm thinking towards some kind of desktop program that allows me to quickly do all of these things. A web service could also work, too, but it will need offline capabilities. I don't want to have to pay for this, if that's possible. Also, as I know regex and SQL, I wouldn't mind solutions involving the use of either.

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• Is it possible to put an 8000 series socket-F Opteron into a dual-socket motherboard?

  - by René Kåbis

  Exactly what it says on the Tin. I have a dual-socket, socket-F motherboard in which I am looking to put two high-end quad-core Opterons, but the 2000 series are nearly double the price of the 8000 series on eBay. Can I just drop in a pair of 8000 series processors and be done with it, or are there processor-critical motherboard features that would be present on a quad(+)-socket motherboard that don’t exist on a dual-socket motherboard? Please elaborate or link to resources that can explain this further, as I am not adverse to research (and I am interested in the technical issues involved) I am probably using the wrong search terms, as Google failed to return anything within the first few dozen results.

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• Setting Boot and Mirror Disks correctly at the Solaris OBP

  - by Shaun Dewberry

  I am recovering a domain that was lost due to power outage on an Sun Fire E25K server. I know how to set the appropriate parameters at the openboot prompt using nvalias/devalias, boot etc. However, I do not understand how one gets from the output of show-disks {1a0} ok show-disks a) /pci@1dd,600000/SUNW,qlc@1/fp@0,0/disk b) /pci@1dd,700000/SUNW,qlc@1/fp@0,0/disk c) /pci@1dc,700000/pci@1/pci@1/scsi@2,1/disk d) /pci@1dc,700000/pci@1/pci@1/scsi@2/disk e) /pci@1bd,600000/SUNW,qlc@1/fp@0,0/disk f) /pci@1bd,700000/SUNW,qlc@1/fp@0,0/disk g) /pci@1bc,700000/pci@1/pci@1/scsi@2,1/disk h) /pci@1bc,700000/pci@1/pci@1/scsi@2/disk q) NO SELECTION Enter Selection, q to quit: to the correct full disk path. I know it is basically one of the pci/scsi paths listed above, but in all instruction or examples a string of additional characters is appended to the path to specify Targets and Units but the explanation of the path construction is never given. Could someone please explain how to construct this disk path correctly?

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• Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how?

  - by Sysadmin Evstar

  I flubbed my IT interview with Google by getting this question wrong. I thought that in the various metropolitan areas, an "http://google.com" request went to a local DNS server in a geographically nearby datacenter, which then returned an IP address for just one of several nearby http servers, which then rollover'd to the next local server, and I could not explain how or where the nationwide DNS kept its table of the available local servers cached, or how such a rollover happened. Or how they could manually take some server out of rotation, from anywhere. Fail. So, which Wikipedia page should I be looking at now so I can ace this question next time? And, what daemons run on these machines 24/7 to keep the mirrored database disks synchronized?

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• Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how?

  - by Sysadmin Evstar

  Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how? I flunked my IT interview by getting this question wrong. I thought that in the various metropolitan areas, an "http://google.com" request goes to the ISP's DNS server, which somehow returns an IP address for one of several geographically-nearby http servers, and then something internally rolls over to the next available local Google server. But then, I could not explain where the table of available local Google servers is actually cached, or the details of the IP address rollover. Or how they could manually take some server out of the rotation, from anywhere. So, what should I be reading now so I can ace this question next time? Also, what daemons run on these machines 24/7 to keep all those mirrored database disks synchronized?

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• missing windows/system32/config/system

  - by Faruq Sandi

  i know it is common problem, but not its so strange. problem: common missing windows/system32/config/system what i do next: put hdd to another pc and boot from it, it is succeeded but without warning window after startup that says like "windows has recovered from serious problem". and than i put back hdd to previous pc. tadaaa!!!! missing windows/system32/config/system is happening again! now i am trying repair this problem with recovery console from CD. i hope it will successful. someone can explain this? what should i do?

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• error: no such partition. Grub rescue

  - by user1440731

  I deleted Linux (Ubuntu) partition from windows Ii forgot to repair mbr. The thing is I don't have my windows boot CD with me now and not CD drive. so the solution I needed is that is there any small utility software that can be easily downloaded (I knew about hiren CD but that's about 500 MB and I don't need that whole stuff) and can work through USB? Also explain steps to perform. Thank you UPDATED: Any small Linux live CD can also b taken into consideration as i can boot that on USB using pendrivelinux software

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• Why would one server be sending DUP ACK packets to one PC, which is responding with HTTP RST packets?

  - by IronicMuffin

  I'm not a network profressional, so please excuse any wrong language. I was debugging why my DNS traffic was a constant 160Kbps on our corporate network. I opened up a wireshark trace, and I see one PC of a coworker broadcasting HTTP [RST] packets to one of our DMZ servers at the rate of 1000 a second. He restarted his machine, and as soon as it went offline, the server started broadcasting [DUP] [ACK] packets, until he came back online. It then resumed the HTTP [RST] packets. Apparently this server has been doing this kind of behavior since it went live. I believe it did this with a printer and an access point as well. Can anyone explain why this behavior is occurring? Any solutions? The initial research was done because there have been "bandwidth issues" and I wonder if this is contributing.

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• Where does Skype save its chat history & contacts?

  - by user4796

  I'm aware that there is a main.db file that is stored in a Windows directory. On XP: C:\Documents and Settings\<windows user>\Application Data\Skype\<username> But I just downloaded Skype onto my Android and noticed that all chats are sync'd. So to me, this suggests that the main.db file is not the only storage being used (because it is obviously not on my phone). Are contacts and chat history stored in my online Skype account? Does anyone know where I can find more information about this? I read this thread: Does skype automatically save chat history to the cloud? And how do you explain the sync'd chats?

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• Why are the prices for broadband bandwidth at data centers much higher than consumer/small business offerings?

  - by odemarken

  The prices for broadband bandwidth at data centers are sometimes as much as 10x higher than for a typical small business/consumer connection, at least where I live. Now, I understand those are two differend kind of products, but what exactly are the differences? Is it mainly because the bandwidth you get at a data center is guaranteed (CIR), while a consumer offer lists maximal bandwidth (EIR/MIR)? Or are there other factors as well? (Note: my previous, much more specific question on the same general topic was closed as not constructive. I tried to extract the core issue and present it in a way that can be answered objectively. If you feel that this question is still bad and should be closed, please care to comment and explain why.)

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• Linux/Solaris replace hostnames in files according to hostname rule

  - by yael

  According to the following Perl command ( this command part of ksh script ) I can replaced old hostnames with new hostnames in Linux or Solaris previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a export previos_machine_name export new_machine_name . perl -i -pe 'next if /^ *#/; s/(\b|[[:^alnum:]])$ENV{previos_machine_name}(\b|[[:^alnum:]])/$1$ENV{new_machine_name}$2/g' file EXPLAIN: according to perl command - we not replaces hostnames on the follwoing case: RULE: [NUMBERS]||[letter]HOSTNAME[NUMBERS]||[letter] my question after I used the Perl command in order to replace all old hostnames with new hostnames based on the "RULE" in the Perl command how to verify that the old hostnames not exist in file ? for example previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a more file AAARed_Hat_linux1a verification should be ignore from this line @Red_Hat_linux1a$ verification should be match this line P=Red_Hat_linux1a verification should be match this line XXXRed_Hat_linux1aZZZ verification should be ignore from this line . . . .

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• VGA passthrough and desktop virtualization

  - by Zacariaz

  In short, my dream is to have one machine with multiple paravirtualized desktop and server guests, one of which has to be a Windows desktop with powerful graphics. As Windows can't be paravirtualized in the normal sense of the word, I was quite happy when I heard about VGA passthrough, but then I read on. As I understand it, such a setup would mean that the Graphics will be dedicated to one particular guest, thus you wouldn't be able to switch between guests. If this is in fact so, would someone please explain to me what the purpose/use of VGA passthrough is? I can think of no real use for it. Yes it's a cool technology, but to me it seems pointless. It's true that it's possible to passthrough individual VMs to separate GPUs, which is also cool, but in the end I should think that two seperate computers would make life a whole lot simpler. Again it seems rather pointless.

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• How do I stop Mac OS X Snow Leopard from losing the keyboard shortcuts I create in System Preferences?

  - by Philip

  I can't explain it. In OS X 10.6.6 (but also in previous versions; nothing to do w/ latest update), I create some keyboard shortcuts both for individual applications and for "all applications." I use them for a while. Later, sometimes after restart sometimes not, they're gone. Where'd they go?!?! (More importantly, how do I make them stop disappearing? Less ideal solution: how do I back them up and quickly restore them?) Thanks!

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• Move email off Small Business Server to Google Apps, retain other SBS functions?

  - by Paul S.

  Recently, an in-house Microsoft Small Business Server 2011 was installed where I work. Unfortunately, our buildings have a bad electrical power supply and we suffer frequent outages. We have a large percentage of staff working off-site. Now when the power goes off here, everyone everywhere loses email functionality. I have been assigned to research the possibility of routing our email to Google Apps while maintaining LAN functions on the SBS. I haven't worked with Microsoft products for several years now, so do not know how SBS is structured. Can anyone here tell me if this is possible, or point me to good resources that explain our options?

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• Can't delete file from windows 7

  - by r.s.mahanti

  I downloaded a torrent file from internet. The problem is it's size is showing 0 bytes. I tried to scan it with antivirus, upload it to virus total, delete it but it's showing the file is not found. I tried to delete it in safe mode also but no success. Can anybody explain me, what can be reason for this and what is the way to delete this file? Thanks in advance. My operating system is windows 7. EDIT : the name of the file is "[Torrentreactor.to] - Site Translator 4.06.torrent."

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• Converting Visio (.vsd) files to pdf automatically [migrated]

  - by Aseques

  I am trying to create a scheduled task to convert all my .vsd files to pdf so all of our devices can read them (linux, mac, smartphones, etc..) and I would prefer not paying for something that can be done with Visio + PDFcreator. The approach of using openoffice doesn't work with .vsd files since it's not a supported format ( Method/tools for batch-converting Microsoft Word files into PDF?) What I've currently is this: 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Visio11\VISIO.EXE' /pt "Z:\Archive\Files.vsd",-PPDFCREATORPRINTER /nologo That is able to open automatically the document I want and to prepare it to be printed, the only missing part is that it requires me to confirm on the printing dialog. There's some information here: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314392 but it doesn't explain abotu non interactive printing.

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• Separate 2 networks with 1 Windows Server

  - by SamuGG

  The situation is: I have 1 router 192.168.1.1, 1 switch, 1 windows server and a basic LAN of devices accessing it. I need to split into 2 separate LANs with full Internet access each, but isolated from each other. Given that, the server is a Windows Server 2008 R2 with 2 NICs: NIC1: 192.168.1.2 NIC2: 192.168.2.2 The router has no dhcp configuration. Please, can anyone explain gracefully, step by step, what do I need to do? What would be the 2 NICs full configuration? What services do I need to install? I don't want devices on either network to see devices on the other network, they must be completely separate. I guess I'm missing the routing procedure step, but I have no idea how is that done. For example: tell the server that devices with gateway 192.168.2.2 must send traffic for internet to 192.168.1.1 router. Thanks in advance.

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• Getting started with server and system adminstration

  - by sid__

  I am web developer and I have been doing a lot of server configurations and system administrative tasks lately I was wondering if someone could recommend books and tutorials that would help understand how things are done the right way. Though I mostly work with Apache and Nginx for configuring and maintaining my applications, my approach has been largely trial and error based with information off google and blogs. Could someone recommend books that explain how to get started with system administrative tasks (preferably in a tutorial fashion so that I may try and understand the workings of the system). I work mostly on Linux systems on EC2 Thanks in advance.

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• In Wireshark's Protocol Hierarchy Statistics screen, is the total byte count of a capture the sum of the Bytes column or just the top line (Frame)?

  - by Howiecamp

  Part 1 - I'm looking at Wireshark's Protocol Hierarchy Statistics screen (sample below), is the total byte count of the capture the sum of the Bytes column or just the top line (Frame)? I'm 99% that it's the latter because of protocol rollup but I wanted to conform. Part 2 - From Wireshark documentation on this screen, "Protocol layers can consist of packets that won't contain any higher layer protocol, so the sum of all higher layer packets may not sum up to the protocols packet count. Example: In the screenshot TCP has 85,83% but the sum of the subprotocols (HTTP, ...) is much less. This may be caused by TCP protocol overhead, e.g. TCP ACK packets won't be counted as packets of the higher layer)." Can you explain this?

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• sticky bit on NFS file system

  - by Kris_R

  I have a system where to the main server (homes, nfs, ntp, queue...) can log-in only root – all the other users use front-end host with NFS-mounted home directories (RW) and all other software directories (read-only). My problem is, that time to time, if root or normal user with sudo makes some administrative works on front-end some homes of normal users getting sticky bits (drwsr-sr-x). If it happens usually the user can't log-in (as long as permission for his home are not changed to drwxr-xr-x). The last time I saw it after compiling some new software (normal user configure;make) and installation from the same directory as root (su and make install or direct as normal user sudo make install). Can somebody explain me why it happens and what should I do to get rid of this problem? p.s. I'm using CentOS 5.7

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• Access denied for user who has full access to some files in their own folder

  - by steve02a

  I have a very similar case as this user: Access denied on some files on Win2008R2 DC share This is on a windows 2008 R2. The user has Win7 pro. The user has their own home folder on the server. Every file, except one, the user can read/write/modify at their own will. No problems - except this one file. She gets "access denied" I can open it (as domain admin). Another user can open it (because she's in the domain admin group). I did run the AccessEnum tool and the read/write permissions are all identical for all files. So, I can't explain why the user can't open this one single file. Out of all her files in sub-folders and such. No problems. This one file is causing a headache. What do you think could be wrong here?

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• Don't understand [0:0] iptable syntax

  - by artaxerxe

  I'm struggling with some iptables rules. I'm a newbie in iptables. I found some resources where I get the following command related to iptables. This is stored in a file that will be executed. [0:0] -A PREROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 81 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.0.6:3128 Can anybody explain me what does [0:0] mean? Also, some link related to this in iptables are welcome. Thanks in advance! P.S. If you need more rules, just let me know.

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• Where can I get a Linux distro iso based on a 2.4 kernel?

  - by Mike

  I need to get my hands on an ISO file for a Linux distribution with a 2.4 kernel. I'm looking for an ISO specifically so I can use it with my Oracle VirtualBox. Since 2.4 is so old these days, I'll explain that I'm looking for it because my company uses an ancient 2.4 uClinux distro on our ancient hardware in our devices. I'd like to run some "desktop" tests using the same kernel version as what's in the hardware. As far as I can tell I can't run uCLinux on a desktop, so next best thing, I'd like to get anything running 2.4.

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