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• Indie Software Developers - How do I handle taxes?

  - by Connor

  I apologize if this is the wrong site to post on, perhaps someone could point me to the proper place if it is not. Hello, I am 17 years old and currently develop applications/games for Android and iPhone as well as develop internet websites and code a variety of my own projects. I have been very fortunate and have made a large amount of money and continue to make money online to the point where I do not need a stable job, though I'd like to get one after college. I've never held a job anywhere, and have never had to pay taxes. I'm coming into a lot of issues and I am quite confused. I get money from MANY sources- 15 different advertisement networks(!), 4 different payment processors, 5 different affiliate networks and a variety of other sources. All of them pay to different places and at different times (checking account, PayPal, reloadable debit card, ect.) I essentially have a list in a Notepad with names and login information for each source. I have also created a PHP script that uses cURL to grab all the revenue from each service, add it all up, then text me every few hours so I can keep track. It's a mess, but it's working OK, and I can create custom reports (for IRS?). But enough of that, my questions are about taxes in the US, and how indie developers handle it all. I'm at slightly over $250k so far this year, with negligible earnings last year. I have it all stockpiled in a bank account and haven't touched it, I'm a bit scared to. What do I file as? A sole proprietor, a business, just a regular person? How can I handle all of the different revenue sources? (AdSense, CJ, LinkShare) So far none of them have sent me any paperwork on taxes and I've read that I'm supposed to pay taxes quarterly? Do I need paperwork from EACH source to file? Or can I just say I got $x total and that'd be it? What percentage do you pay of total earnings? Average? Should I create an LLC? A corporation? Or stay as a developer? What would be the cheapest options? Could I go to jail? I haven't touched the money except a few dollars to help my parents pay the mortgage once. Any insight would be great. My parents have no idea what I should do, both have no forms of higher education and both have no high school diploma's. They just live day by day with simple jobs. I appreciate any help or experience with this.

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• Over 200 active requests like "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "Apache (internal dummy connection)"

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  Some details: Webserver: Apache/2.2.13 (FreeBSD) mod_ssl/2.2.13 OpenSSL/0.9.8e OS: FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE This is a FreeBSD Jail. I believe I use the Apache 'prefork' MPM (I run the default for FreeBSD). I use the default values for MaxClients (256) I have enabled mod_status, with "ExtendedStatus On". When I view /server-status , I see a handful of regular requests. I also see over 230 requests from the 'localhost', like these: 37-0 - 0/0/1 . 0.00 1510 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 38-0 - 0/0/1 . 0.00 1509 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 39-0 - 0/0/3 . 0.00 1482 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 40-0 - 0/0/6 . 0.00 1445 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 I also see about 2417 requests yesterday from the localhost, like these: Apr 14 11:16:40 192.168.16.127 httpd[431]: www.example.gov 127.0.0.2 - - [15/Apr/2010:11:16:40 -0700] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "Apache (internal dummy connection)" The page at http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/InternalDummyConnection says "These requests are perfectly normal and you do not, in general, need to worry about them", but I'm not so sure. Why are there over 230 of these? Are these active connections? If I have "MaxClients 256", and over 230 of these connections, it seems that my webserver is dangerously close to running out of available connections. It also seems like Apache should only need a handful of these "internal dummy connections" We actually had two unexplained outages last night, and I am wondering if these "internal dummy connection" caused us to run out of available connections.

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• VsFTPd - pam_mkhomedir

  - by Totor

  I am trying to set up a FTP server that authenticates against an LDAP server. This part is done and works. My server is VsFTPd on Ubuntu Server 11.04. But I have to create the home directories for my LDAP users. I am trying to user the pam_mkhomedir module but it is not working: when I add its line to the /etc/pam.d/vsftpd file, my users can not login anymore to the FTP server. The problem is that I have very few information on what is wrong. VsFTPd just responds 530: login incorrect and I could not find a way to get debug or error messages from pam_mkhomedir. Here are my different configuration files. The /etc/pam.d/vsftpd file: auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed auth required pam_ldap.so account required pam_ldap.so password required pam_ldap.so session optional pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/home/skel debug The /etc/vsftpd.conf file: listen=YES anonymous_enable=NO local_enable=YES write_enable=YES dirmessage_enable=YES use_localtime=YES xferlog_enable=YES connect_from_port_20=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem guest_enable=YES session_support=YES log_ftp_protocol=YES tcp_wrappers=YES Permissions on /home and /home/skel: root@ftp:/home# ls -al total 16 drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 2011-10-11 21:19 . drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 2011-09-27 13:32 .. drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 2011-10-11 19:34 skel drwxrwxrwx 5 foo foo 4096 2011-10-11 21:11 foo root@ftp:/home# ls -al skel/ total 16 drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 2011-10-11 19:34 . drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 2011-10-11 21:19 .. -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3352 2011-10-11 19:34 .bashrc -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 675 2011-10-11 19:34 .profile Yes, I know, permissions are not properly set but security is not the issue here: I first need to get it to work. So, to recapitulate: without pam_mkhomedir my LDAP users can login, but they cannot do anything because they are in an empty chrooted jail. If I add pam_mkhomedir, they cannot login anymore. If anyone has an idea why, or know how to get more information from logs, I would be very grateful, thanks.

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• Access Control Lists in Debian Lenny

  - by arbales

  So, for my clients to who have sites hosted on my server, I create user accounts, with standard home folders inside /home. I setup an SSH jail for all the collective users, because I really am against using a separate FTP server. Then, I installed ACL and added acl to my /etc/fstab — all good. I cd into /home and chmod 700 ./*. At this point users cannot see into other users home directories (yay), but apache can't see them either (boo) . I ran setfacl u:www-data:rx ./*. I also tried individual directories. Now apache can see the sites again, but so can all the users. ACL changed the permissions of the home folders to 750. How do I setup ACL's so that Apache can see the sites hosted in user's home folders AND 2. Users can't see outside their home and into others' files. Edit: more details: Output after chmod -R 700 ./* sh-3.2# chmod 700 ./* sh-3.2# ls -l total 72 drwx------+ 24 austin austin 4096 Jul 31 06:13 austin drwx------+ 8 jeremy collective 4096 Aug 3 03:22 jeremy drwx------+ 12 josh collective 4096 Jul 26 02:40 josh drwx------+ 8 joyce collective 4096 Jun 30 06:32 joyce (Not accessible to others users OR apache) setfacl -m u:www-data:rx jeremy (Now accessible to members apache and collective — why collective, too?) sh-3.2# getfacl jeremy # file: jeremy # owner: jeremy # group: collective user::rwx user:www-data:r-x group::r-x mask::r-x other::--- Solution Ultimately what I did was: chmod 755 * setfacl -R -m g::--- * setfacl -R -m u:www-data:rx *

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• Remote server security: handling compiler tools

  - by Gonzolas

  Hello! I was wondering wether to remove compiler tools (gcc, make, ...) from a remote production server, mainly for security purposes. Background: The server runs a web application on Linux. Consider Apache jailed. Otherwise, only OpenSSHd faces the public network. Of course there is no compiler stuff within the jail, so this is about the actual OS outside of any jails. Here's my personal PRO/CON list (regarding removal) so far: PRO: I had been reading some suggestions to remove compiler tools in order inhibit custom building of trojans etc. from within the host if an attacker attains unpriviliged user permissions. CON: I can't live without Perl/Python and a trojan/whatever could be written in a scripting language like that, anyway, so why bother about removing gcc et al. at all. There is a need to build new Linux kernels as well as some security tools from source directly on the server, because the server runs in 64-bits mode and (to my understanding) I can't (cross-)compile locally/elsewhere due to lack of another 64-bits hardware system. OK, so here are my questions for you: (a) Is my PRO/CON assessment correct? (b) Do you know of other PROs / CONs to removing all compiler tools? Do they weigh in more? (c) Which binaries should I consider dangerous if the given PRO statement holds? Only gcc, or also make, or what else? Should I remove the enitre software packages them come with? (d) Is it OK to just move those binaries to a root-only accessible directory when they are not needed? Or is there a gain in security if I "scp them in" every time? Thank you!

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• Managing Linux Directory Permissions & SFTP

  - by Dizzle

  Good morning; I have a RHEL 5.7 web server configured to allow SSH/SFTP only by specific groups. I'd like for content managers to upload content to their respective directories and have that content inherit the user/group ownership of the directory regardless of upload method or application. For example: John is in group "web" for SSH/SFTP rights and "finance" for directory permissions, and uploads to directory "webstuff" via SFTP. Directory "webstuff" has permissions of "2760" (rwxrws---), and ownership of "apache:finance". If John uploads an update to an existing file in "webstuff", the ownership of the file stays at "apache:finance". If John uploads a new file to "webstuff", the ownership of the file is "john:finance". My desire is to have any file from John uploaded to "webstuff" to change to the directory's owner. I've tried with setuid and setgid both set, but the user-ownership didn't take. I've seen mentions on ServerFault of using ACL's, or a chrooted jail for SFTP but I have yet to configure and test them, and I don't know if they're a viable solution (they could be, I just don't know because I've never done either). Any thoughts and assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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• conflicting info about the running kernel version in FreeBSD

  - by John

  I asked a related question about uname before, now want to ask from another angle because the following simple yet obvious conflicting outputs may mean there is something many people did not think of (me included). I'm running FreeBSD 9 RELEASE, please see the following commands: # sysctl kern.bootfile kern.bootfile: /boot/kernel/kernel # strings /boot/kernel/kernel |grep RELEASE|grep 9 @(#)FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p7 #0: Tue Jun 3 11:05:13 UTC 2014 FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p7 #0: Tue Jun 3 11:05:13 UTC 2014 9.2-RELEASE-p7 The above kernel file suggests the running kernel is 9.2-RELEASE-p7. But... # dmesg Copyright (c) 1992-2012 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE #0 r243825: Tue Dec 4 09:23:10 UTC 2012 ... # uname -a FreeBSD localhost.localdomain 9.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE #0 r243825: Tue Dec 4 09:23:10 UTC 2012 [email protected]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 So dmesg and uname says it's 9.1-RELEASE. I also did an extensive find / -type f -exec grep -l "9.1-RELEASE" {} \; but found no possible kernel file that contains 9.1-RELEASE. What could lead to the above conflict, and what kernel I am actually running? Please note I run RELEASE and ran freebsd-update to do binary update, so no compiled kernel is involved. And I have rebooted multiple times after freebsd-update. And the system is not in jail etc, just the only system on that computer.

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• mysql thread count

  - by Ryan M.

  We have a web application that uses apache and mysql. Generally (according to Munin) our MySQL thread count sits between 2 and 4 at all times. The other day, our server almost came to a halt. HTTP requests were slow or wouldn't go through at all, SSH would work, but would take 30+ seconds to register keystrokes, etc.. So we pull up Munin and the only thing that's out of normal boundaries is the Mysql thread count. CPU usage was under 1%, load was under 1.0, plenty of available RAM. As mentioned before, the thread count floats around 2 to 4. At the time of our slow downs it had spiked to 14. So I start poking around the Internet and I see that in most cases, you'll start to see a higher thread count when you start running into slow queries. If I understand it correctly, the request comes in that takes a while to process, in the mean time other requests are coming in, so a new thread will be created to work on the request (yes?). But at the time of the slow down, we had 0 slow queries. My question is: What else can cause mysql to create additional threads. And would this sudden spike in threads possibly cause the server to slow down? To fix the issue, we restarted apache and everything went back to it's beautiful, normal self. Considering the the Server Vitals (CPU, RAM, Network, etc) were all ideal, and the thread count was the only thing out of place, this seems like the most logical thing to pursue as the possible cause. If it matters, we're on Mysql 5.1.40. Server is FreeBSD 7.2 and the server in question is inside a jail.

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• fail2ban regex working but no action being taken

  - by fpghost

  I have the following snippet of fail2ban configuration on Ubuntu 13.10 server: #jail.conf [apache-getphp] enabled = true port = http,https filter = apache-getphp action = iptables-multiport[name=apache-getphp, port="http,https", protocol=tcp] mail-whois[name=apache-getphp, dest=root] logpath = /srv/apache/log/access.log maxretry = 1 #filter.d/apache-getphp.conf [Definition] failregex = ^<HOST> - - (?:\[[^]]*\] )+\"(GET|POST) /(?i)(PMA|phptest|phpmyadmin|myadmin|mysql|mysqladmin|sqladmin|mypma|admin|xampp|mysqldb|mydb|db|pmadb|phpmyadmin1|phpmyadmin2|cgi-bin) ignoreregex = I know the regex is good, because if I run the test command on my access.log: fail2ban-regex /srv/apache/log/access.log /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-getphp.conf I get a SUCCESS result with multiple hits, and in my log I see entries like 187.192.89.147 - - [13/Apr/2014:11:36:03 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 301 585 "-" "-" 187.192.89.147 - - [13/Apr/2014:11:36:03 +0100] "GET /phpMyAdmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 301 593 "-" "-" Secondly I know email is configured correctly, as each time I service fail2ban restart I get an email for each of the filters stopping/starting. However despite all this no action seems to be taken when one of these requests comes in. No email with whois, and no entries in iptables. What possibly could be preventing fail2ban from taking action? (everything looks in order in fail2ban-client -d and I can see the chains have loaded with iptables -L)

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• nginx with fail2ban and mod_security

  - by Mahesh

  I forgot to update my fail2ban config for nginx. I just moved to nginx from apache. Today, I got a lot of cals from a single IP. IP tried to access login pages with post and get methods IP tried to use nginx as a proxy (GET http:/...) IP searched images, js, css folders IP tried to inject -d url_allow_fopen =1 and something similar. Most of the calls ended with 404. http { limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=app:10m rate=5r/s; ... server { ... location / { limit_req zone=app burst=50; } I got approximately 50 requests from that ip for a second. So i updated my nginx like the above. Will it avoid too many connections per second now? I have updated my fail2ban jail.local to support nginx. I am confused with the nginx-noscript.conf [Definition] failregex = ^<HOST> -.*GET.*(\.php|\.asp|\.exe|\.pl|\.cgi|\scgi) ignoreregex = I am serving php with nginx. I checked apache's noscript.conf and which has .php extension on it too. I tested this above settings before restarting fail2ban and got thousands of ips matched. I removed php and nothing matched. Do i need .php| in nginx-noscript.conf? Using mod_security and fail2ban together bring any problem? When i was searching today, i came to know mod_security is available for nginx too. So i am planning to use it too.

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• Linux SFTP and many local user accounts, limits with mount --bind?

  - by user123428

  I am in the process of building a solution to handle many developers (possibly hundreds) to work on their files via sftp, each one Jailed in their home directory. For our particular needs, we have a samba mount point that contains all of the users home directories. I have started developing the following solution and hit some walls: - I have configured a Ubuntu Lucid Server as sftp server. - In order to jail the user in their home directory (without allowing them the browse a directory up and seeing all the other users folders) I am using mount --bind and not a symbolic link (also some ftp clients don't really work with sym links). - The user accounts are local unix user accounts on the sftp server (not using a directory service or anything) that have an empty home folder created on the local machine, then I use mount --bind to bind the empty folder to the actual users home directory on the samba share. With this solution I am hitting a couple of problems, in the case of a server reboot, all the mount --binds are lost because they are not written in fstab. Then I have read somewhere that the maximum amount of entries in fstab are 400 (which does not really help us). I have thought of a solution of writing something that stores the mounts in a text file as a backup and on server reboot, run the script that re mounts. I am just really unsure about this whole process and was wondering if anyone has any insight on possibly a better solution for SFTP? (not FTP)

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• mysql: Bind on unix socket: Permission denied

  - by Alex

  Can't start mysql with: sudo /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/srv/mysql/myDB --log-error=/srv/mysql/logs/mysqld-myDB.log --pid-file=/srv/mysql/pids/mysqld-myDB.pid --user=mysql --socket=/srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock --port=3700 120222 13:40:48 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /srv/mysql/myDB 120222 13:40:54 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /srv/mysql/pids/mysqld-myDB.pid ended /srv/mysql/logs/mysqld-myDB.log: 120222 13:43:53 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /srv/mysql/myDB 120222 13:43:53 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. /usr/sbin/mysqld: Table 'plugin' is read only 120222 13:43:53 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 120222 13:43:53 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 120222 13:43:53 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 32 4232720908 120222 13:43:53 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 120222 13:43:53 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock ? 120222 13:43:53 [ERROR] Aborting 120222 13:43:53 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... One instance mysqld is running: $ ps aux | grep mysql mysql 1093 0.0 0.2 169972 18700 ? Ssl 11:50 0:02 /usr/sbin/mysqld $ Port 3700 is available: $ netstat -a | grep 3700 $ Directory with sockets is empty: $ ls /srv/mysql/sockets/ $ There are all permissions: $ ls -l /srv/mysql/ total 20 drwxrwxrwx 2 mysql mysql 4096 2012-02-22 13:28 logs drwxrwxrwx 13 mysql mysql 4096 2012-02-22 13:44 myDB drwxrwxrwx 2 mysql mysql 4096 2012-02-22 12:55 pids drwxrwxrwx 2 mysql mysql 4096 2012-02-22 12:55 sockets drwxrwxrwx 2 mysql mysql 4096 2012-02-22 13:25 version Apparmor config: $cat /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld # vim:syntax=apparmor # Last Modified: Tue Jun 19 17:37:30 2007 #include <tunables/global> /usr/sbin/mysqld flags=(complain) { #include <abstractions/base> #include <abstractions/nameservice> #include <abstractions/user-tmp> #include <abstractions/mysql> #include <abstractions/winbind> capability dac_override, capability sys_resource, capability setgid, capability setuid, network tcp, /etc/hosts.allow r, /etc/hosts.deny r, /etc/mysql/*.pem r, /etc/mysql/conf.d/ r, /etc/mysql/conf.d/* r, /etc/mysql/*.cnf r, /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ r, /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/*.so* mr, /usr/sbin/mysqld mr, /usr/share/mysql/** r, /var/log/mysql.log rw, /var/log/mysql.err rw, /var/lib/mysql/ r, /var/lib/mysql/** rwk, /var/log/mysql/ r, /var/log/mysql/* rw, /{,var/}run/mysqld/mysqld.pid w, /{,var/}run/mysqld/mysqld.sock w, /srv/mysql/ r, /srv/mysql/** rwk, /sys/devices/system/cpu/ r, # Site-specific additions and overrides. See local/README for details. #include <local/usr.sbin.mysqld> } Any suggestions? UPD1: $ touch /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock $ sudo chown mysql:mysql /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock $ ls -l /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock -rw-rw-r-- 1 mysql mysql 0 2012-02-22 14:29 /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock $ sudo /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/srv/mysql/myDB --log-error=/srv/mysql/logs/mysqld-myDB.log --pid-file=/srv/mysql/pids/mysqld-myDB.pid --user=mysql --socket=/srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock --port=3700 120222 14:30:18 mysqld_safe Can't log to error log and syslog at the same time. Remove all --log-error configuration options for --syslog to take effect. 120222 14:30:18 mysqld_safe Logging to '/srv/mysql/logs/mysqld-myDB.log'. 120222 14:30:18 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /srv/mysqlmyDB 120222 14:30:24 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /srv/mysql/pids/mysqld-myDB.pid ended $ ls -l /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock ls: cannot access /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock: No such file or directory $ UPD2: $ sudo netstat -lnp | grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1093/mysqld unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5912 1093/mysqld /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock $ sudo lsof | grep /srv/mysql/sockets/mysql-myDB.sock lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon file system /home/sears/.gvfs Output information may be incomplete. UPD3: $ cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # # # * IMPORTANT # If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may # also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld. # user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

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• using Eclipse to develop for embedded Linux on a Windows host

  - by Travis

  I got a question of using Eclipse to develop for embedded Linux on a Windows host Here are now I have and where I am. 1. a Windows host that have the latest Eclipse + CDT (c/c++ development tools) installed 2. a Ubuntu host (ssh + samba installed) that contains sources and toolschain to build the project. (the windows and ubuntu hosts are sitting within one network segment (In LAN).) 3. I can use the following commands to build this project under Ubuntu. # chroot dummyroot # cd /home/project/Build # sh Build date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S 4. I am now trying to create an eclipse C++ project to achieve the goad of the step 3, but I have been stuck here for a while. any ideas of how it can be done?

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• How few a files does it take to load a program on Linux?

  - by BCS

  The (hypothetical for now) situation is the user of my system is going to be given a chunk of C code and needs my system to compile and run it in a chroot sandbox that is generated on the fly and I want to require the fewest files in the box as possible. I'm only willing to play with compiler and linker settings (e.g. static link everything I can expect to be able to find) and make some moderate restriction on what the code can expect use (e.g. they can't use arbitrary libs). The question is how simple can I get the sandbox. Clearly I need the executable, but what about an ELF loader and a .so for the system calls? Can I dump either of them and is there something else I'll need?

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• Can i configure emacs to use gdb like a graphical debugger?

  - by Joey Carson

  I'm pretty sure that this how other IDE's do it, e.g. on windows eclipse uses the output of gdb from MinGW (the windows port of GNU toolchain) to map where execution is in the source code and what values variables hold, etc. I'm stuck using gdb via a script that prepares our application in a chroot and does some other bootstrap for debug purposes. Once the script starts moving, the output is all gdb. Is there any way that I can configure emacs so that it will use gdb's output and allow for a sort of graphical debugger, comparable to that of eclipse or ms visual studio?

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• How can I login linux using C or C++

  - by jnblue

  I need to programmely switch the current user to another,then the followed code should be executed in the environment(such as path,authority..) of another user. I've find the 'chroot()','setuid()' may be associated with my case, but these functions need the root authority, I don't have root authority, but I have the password of the second user. what should I do? I have tried shell "su - " can switch current user, can this command help me in my C++ code? Don't laugh at me if my question is very stupid, I'm a true freshman on linux. :) Thanks!

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• F1 Pit Pragmatics

  - by mikef

  "I hate computers. No, really, I hate them. I love the communications they facilitate, I love the conveniences they provide to my life. but I actually hate the computers themselves." - Scott Merrill, 'I hate computers: confessions of a Sysadmin' If Scott's goal was to polarize opinion and trigger raging arguments over the 'real reasons why computers suck', then he certainly succeeded. Impassioned vitriol sits side-by-side with rational debate. Yet Scott's fundamental point is absolutely on the money - Computers are a means to an end. The IT industry is finally starting to put weight behind the notion that good User Experience is an absolutely crucial goal, a cause championed by the likes of Microsoft's Bill Buxton, and which Apple's increasingly ubiquitous touch screen interface exemplifies. However, that doesn't change the fact that, occasionally, you just have to man up and deal with complex systems. In fact, sometimes you just need to sacrifice everything else in the name of performance. You'll find a perfect example of this Faustian bargain in Trevor Clarke's fascinating look into the (diabolical) IT infrastructure of modern F1 racing - high performance, high availability. high everything. To paraphrase, each car has up to 100 sensors, transmitting around 30Gb of data over the course of a race (70% in real-time). This data is then processed by no less than 3 servers (per car) so that the engineers in the pit have access to telemetry, strategy information, timing feeds, a connection back to the operations room in the team's home base - the list goes on. All of this while the servers are exposed "to carbon dust, oil, vibration, rain, heat, [and] variable power". Now, this is admittedly an extreme context where there's no real choice but to use complex systems where ease-of-use is, at best, a secondary concern. The flip-side is seen in small-scale personal computing such as that seen in Apple's iDevices, which are incredibly intuitive but limited in their scope. In terms of what kinds of systems they prefer to use, I suspect that most SysAdmins find themselves somewhere along this axis of Power vs. Usability, and which end of this axis you resonate with also hints at where you think the IT industry should focus its energy. Do you see yourself in the F1 pit, making split-second decisions, wrestling with information flows and reticent hardware to bend them to your will? If so, I imagine you feel that computers are subtle tools which need to be tuned and honed, using the advanced knowledge possessed only by responsible SysAdmins (If you have an iPhone, I suspect it's jail-broken). If the machines throw enigmatic errors, it's the price of flexibility and raw power. Alternatively, would you prefer to have your role more accessible, with users empowered by knowledge, spreading the load of managing IT environments? In that case, then you want hardware and software to have User Experience as their primary focus, and are of the "means to an end" school of thought (you're probably also fed up with users not listening to you when you try and help). At its heart, the dichotomy is between raw power (which might be difficult to use) and ease-of-use (which might have some limitations, but you can be up and running immediately). Of course, the ultimate goal is a fusion of flexibility, power and usability all in one system. It's achievable in specific software environments, and Red Gate considers it a target worth aiming for, but in other cases it's a goal right up there with cold fusion. I think it'll be a long time before we see it become ubiquitous. In the meantime, are you Power-Hungry or a Champion of Usability? Cheers, Michael Francis Simple Talk SysAdmin Editor

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• rkhunter 1.4 different results than version before?

  - by dschinn1001

  with rkhunter version before ubuntu-update from 12.04 to 12.10 I had NOT these warnings like listed here: Performing file properties checks Checking for prerequisites [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/adduser [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/chroot [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/cron [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/groupadd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/groupdel [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/groupmod [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/grpck [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/nologin [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/pwck [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/rsyslogd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/tcpd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/useradd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/userdel [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/usermod [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/vipw [ Warning ] /usr/bin/awk [ Warning ] /usr/bin/basename [ Warning ] /usr/bin/chattr [ Warning ] /usr/bin/curl [ Warning ] /usr/bin/cut [ Warning ] /usr/bin/diff [ Warning ] /usr/bin/dirname [ Warning ] /usr/bin/dpkg [ Warning ] /usr/bin/dpkg-query [ Warning ] /usr/bin/du [ Warning ] /usr/bin/env [ Warning ] /usr/bin/file [ Warning ] /usr/bin/find [ Warning ] /usr/bin/GET [ Warning ] /usr/bin/groups [ Warning ] /usr/bin/head [ Warning ] /usr/bin/id [ Warning ] /usr/bin/killall [ Warning ] /usr/bin/last [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lastlog [ Warning ] /usr/bin/ldd [ Warning ] /usr/bin/less [ Warning ] /usr/bin/locate [ Warning ] /usr/bin/logger [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lsattr [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lsof [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lynx [ Warning ] /usr/bin/mail [ Warning ] /usr/bin/md5sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/mlocate [ Warning ] /usr/bin/newgrp [ Warning ] /usr/bin/passwd [ Warning ] /usr/bin/perl [ Warning ] /usr/bin/pgrep [ Warning ] /usr/bin/pkill [ Warning ] /usr/bin/pstree [ Warning ] /usr/bin/rkhunter [ Warning ] /usr/bin/rpm [ Warning ] /usr/bin/runcon [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha1sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha224sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha256sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha384sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha512sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/size [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sort [ Warning ] /usr/bin/stat [ Warning ] /usr/bin/strace [ Warning ] /usr/bin/strings [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sudo [ Warning ] /usr/bin/tail [ Warning ] /usr/bin/test [ Warning ] /usr/bin/top [ Warning ] /usr/bin/touch [ Warning ] /usr/bin/tr [ Warning ] /usr/bin/uniq [ Warning ] /usr/bin/users [ Warning ] /usr/bin/vmstat [ Warning ] /usr/bin/w [ Warning ] /usr/bin/watch [ Warning ] /usr/bin/wc [ Warning ] /usr/bin/wget [ Warning ] /usr/bin/whatis [ Warning ] /usr/bin/whereis [ Warning ] /usr/bin/which [ Warning ] /usr/bin/who [ Warning ] /usr/bin/whoami [ Warning ] /usr/bin/unhide.rb [ Warning ] /usr/bin/gawk [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lwp-request [ Warning ] /usr/bin/heirloom-mailx [ Warning ] /usr/bin/w.procps [ Warning ] /sbin/depmod [ Warning ] /sbin/fsck [ Warning ] /sbin/ifconfig [ Warning ] /sbin/ifdown [ Warning ] /sbin/ifup [ Warning ] /sbin/init [ Warning ] /sbin/insmod [ Warning ] /sbin/ip [ Warning ] /sbin/lsmod [ Warning ] /sbin/modinfo [ Warning ] /sbin/modprobe [ Warning ] /sbin/rmmod [ Warning ] /sbin/route [ Warning ] /sbin/runlevel [ Warning ] /sbin/sulogin [ Warning ] /sbin/sysctl [ Warning ] /bin/bash [ Warning ] /bin/cat [ Warning ] /bin/chmod [ Warning ] /bin/chown [ Warning ] /bin/cp [ Warning ] /bin/date [ Warning ] /bin/df [ Warning ] /bin/dmesg [ Warning ] /bin/echo [ Warning ] /bin/ed [ Warning ] /bin/egrep [ Warning ] /bin/fgrep [ Warning ] /bin/fuser [ Warning ] /bin/grep [ Warning ] /bin/ip [ Warning ] /bin/kill [ Warning ] /bin/less [ Warning ] /bin/login [ Warning ] /bin/ls [ Warning ] /bin/lsmod [ Warning ] /bin/mktemp [ Warning ] /bin/more [ Warning ] /bin/mount [ Warning ] /bin/mv [ Warning ] /bin/netstat [ Warning ] /bin/ping [ Warning ] /bin/ps [ Warning ] /bin/pwd [ Warning ] /bin/readlink [ Warning ] /bin/sed [ Warning ] /bin/sh [ Warning ] /bin/su [ Warning ] /bin/touch [ Warning ] /bin/uname [ Warning ] /bin/which [ Warning ] /bin/dash [ Warning ] It seems that rkhunter 1.4 is oversensitive somehow about changed bin-files ? chkrootkit finds nothing and no warnings too.

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• How to install Awesome WM without root access?

  - by ssice

  I want to install the Awesome window manager. In the environment where I want to configure it I don't have root access. I do have a machine were I can be root (I use for this a virtual machine in my laptop). I have tried the following: $ sudo apt-get install awesome The following packages are about to be installed: awesome libev3 libid3tag0 libimlib2 liblua5.1-0 libxcb-icccm1 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-property1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xtest0 libxdg-basedir1 menu rlwrap Do you want to continue [Y/n]? n I do now have the list of dependencies for awesome, so I downloaded them all. For that, I did the following. $ pkgs="awesome libev3 libid3tag0 libimlib2 liblua5.1-0 libxcb-icccm1 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-property1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xtest0 libxdg-basedir1 menu rlwrap" # this is just for not writing it all ;) $ sudo apt-get install --download-only $pkgs .... $ mkdir -p /tmp/x_debs $ for pkg in $pkgs; do cp /var/cache/apt/archives/$pkg* /tmp/x_debs/; done [ copies all *.deb from my dependencies to /tmp/x_debs ] Now, I want to install the dependencies. For that, I setup a fake dpkg install in my home folder: $ mkdir $HOME/root $ mkdir -p $HOME/root/var/lib/dpkg/{triggers,updates} $ touch $HOME/root/var/lib/dpkg/{available,status} Now I tried to install with dpkg, but I could not: $ dpkg --force-not-root --root=$HOME/root --recursive -i /tmp/x_debs It failed while trying to set permissions for the packages and running chroot. As I do have root access in this machine, I ran it with privileges: $ sudo dpkg --root=$HOME/root --recursive -i /tmp/x_debs Then I had a lot of stuff (i.e., everything: dependencies and the own WM) installed inside $HOME/root. Particularly, xcb-* libraries were installed in $HOME/root/usr/lib and the awesome binary in $HOME/root/usr/bin/awesome. If I try to execute awesome as is I get as an error that libraries could not be loaded. That's normal, as they are not in /usr/lib nor in /lib. So I ran export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/root/usr/lib:$HOME/root/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} and awesome would try to load. However, I could not make gdm to run awesome within gnome or replacing it. I did it this way so I can copy everything in my $HOME/root folder, paste it in the other machine and have it running. Is there any other way (to have less wasted space maybe..) to do this? How can I tell gdm to exec awesome without root access?

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• Full disk encryption with seperate boot and encrypted keyfile storage: Two-Form Authentication

  - by Cain

  I am trying to setup true Full Disk encryption with two-form authentication on 12.04 and can not find out how to call a keyfile for the encrypted root out of another encrypted partition. All documentation or questions I am finding for whole or full disk encryption only encrypts separate partitions on the same disk. This is not what most are calling full disk encryption, /boot is not on a partition on the root drive, rather it is on a usb stick as sdx1. Instead root is on a logical partition on top of a LUKS container. Luks is run on the whole disk, encrypting the partition table as well. All drives in the machine are completely encrypted and to open it it requires a USB drive (what I have) as well as a passphrase (what I know) resulting in Two-Form Authentication to boot the machine. Device sdx cryptroot vg00 lvroot / There is no passphrase to open the encrypted root device, only a keyfile. That keyfile is kept on the usb drive with /boot, in its own encrypted partition (I'll call this cryptkey). In order for the root file system (cryptroot) to be opened, initramfs must ask for the passphrase to cryptkey on the usb drive, then use the keyfile inside that to open cryproot. I did manage to find what I think is the how-to I used to do this once before: http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/UbuntuHelp:FeistyLUKSTwoFormFactor I already have the system installed and can chroot into it, however, I can not get it to call for the keys on the USB during boot. I did find a how-to saying I needed to make a cryptroot conf for initramfs but, I believe that is for a passphrase: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedFilesystemLVMHowto#Notes_for_making_it_work_in_Ubuntu_12.04_.22Precise_Pangolin.22_amd64 I also tried to setup crypttab. However, crypttab only works for drives mounted after the root drive as calling for a keyfile on a device not yet mounted to the system doesnt work. The Feisty how-to included scripts that would be run during boot instructing initramfs to mount the usb drive temporarily and call the keyfile for root which worked quite well except those scripts are outdated now, many of the things they relied on have been merged into something else, changed, or simply don't exist anymore. If I have missed a clear how-to for this, that would be wonderful, I just don't think I have.

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• Graphics trouble after resuming from hibernate or suspend

  - by Voyagerfan5761

  I have a Dell Inspiron 2650 (with NVidia graphics, using nouveau drivers) that I'm using to try out Ubuntu. It's all great, except that Hibernate and Suspend aren't usable. Yes, I know that questions about power-save issues are rampant in the Linux support universe, but it seems that every time I find a solution it's for a very specific hardware combination and doesn't apply to me. So anyway, here goes. When I resume from either power-saving mode, I'll get graphics problems anywhere on the range from a few scattered random-colored pixels that won't change; all the way to full-screen patterns that don't change as I move the mouse, hit keys on the keyboard, or even bring up the shutdown dialog using the power button. Those full-screen issues (which may involve stripes with random pixels, partial black screen, or both) always end in me forcing the machine to shut down by holding the power button. I haven't done much testing yet to determine what severity level is most commonly associated with each mode, but I do avoid using either power-save option because of these issues. I'll add info on my hardware as I can gather it (no home internet connection, and this laptop is tethered to my desk by a dead battery and casing degradation). Please feel free to request something specific in the question comments. Hardware Info See this hardinfo report for my system's hardware configuration. (No, my username is not "myuser"; I sanitized hardinfo's output before publishing it.) Screenshots These screenshots are from a relatively mild occurrence, which happened after the second hibernation I took that session. The first one worked great, though I used the wireless card and Firefox heavily between the two hibernation attempts. Take a look at what happened when I opened my home directory in Nautilus and scrolled it: See below for the situations I've tested so far. The real trouble comes when the machine resumes to an unusable state; in such cases I can't even unlock the screen or properly reboot, much less take a screenshot. I have a hunch that putting a CD in the drive will cause such major failures, and I will try that at some point; see related question. Situations Tested Maverick (10.10) Suspend Seems to suspend nicely with nothing running Seems to suspend nicely with flash drive plugged in On resume from suspend with no flash drive, Terminal and gedit running: Funky graphics on top of log output, then blank screen with pixelated cursor; no response to power button (normally will shutdown 60 seconds later) Hibernate Seems to hibernate nicely with nothing running Seems to hibernate nicely with a few apps (Terminal, Mouse preferences) running Seems to not hibernate when flash drive plugged in Seems to not hibernate when System Monitor is running Have encountered failed hibernation (after several hours and one successful hibernate/thaw cycle) with no external media connected and no programs running except normal background stuff Natty LiveCD (11.04_2010-12-22) When I tested it, Natty wouldn't stay logged in. It played part of the login sound and then [ OK ] appeared in the top right corner (white-on-black terminal text) for a few seconds. Then it kicked me back to the Unlock screen. It did that four times before I gave up and just tested suspend from the Unlock screen. Suspend Resumed to vertical gray and black lines 2px (?) wide, then shifted to vertical "jail bars" of black over a black screen with above-described random pixels and mouse pointer. No apparent response to input from mouse (clicking randomly). Keyboard and touchpad unrecognized.

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• Problem with DualBooting Ubuntu 13.10 and Win7

  - by VinArrow

  this is my first post here on AskUbuntu, not first time using it though. I wanted to install Ubuntu 13.10 on my PC to have all my work stuff there and leave Win7 for gaming. So i did my research on how to Dual Boot when you already have Win7 installed, here are the steps i took Used Disk Management on Win7 and shrunk that partition, leaving 80GB free for Ubuntu. Made a Bootable pendrive following the instructions on Ubuntu`s website. During the installation steps there was supposed to be a Install alongside Win7, but there wasnt, so i chose Something else. Everything was fine and i was able to install Ubuntu no problem on my unallocated 80GB partition (76GB Ubuntu + 4GB swap) There was a prompt for me to restart my PC and so I did expecting to see the dual boot screen (grub right?) Now, when i restarted my PC, Grub never showed up and it booted straight to Windows. Then I did some more research and found out that that could happen. Tried three things then Plugging in bootable pendrive again and selected Try Ubuntu without installing. Then i followed some instructions found here (How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)) and i could chroot into my Ubuntu install just fine. Repaired grub as instructed on that link, restarted the PC and booted straight into Win7 again. Again, used the bootable pen drive to Try Ubuntu... and used the Boot-repair tool (recommended repair). Again, booted straight into Win7. Lastly, i installed easyBCD on my Win7 and made a new entry for Ubuntu (Linux/BSD). When i rebooted the PC, there was the option to choose between Win7 and Linux, chose linux and it didnt work, taking me straight to a command line-like enviroment that read Minimum bash like scripting or something, as if I didn`t have a Linux OS installed. So, I thought I`d try and repair my Ubuntu install. And during the Installation method step there was the choice to install alongside Ubuntu 13.10! and that right there drove me crazy. Here is a screenshot of gparted showing how things are set up now http://imageshack.us/f/801/77u3.png/ Notice on the left-hand side how i can access my installation files just fine. sdb1- win7 reserved space, sdb2- win7 OS, sdb3- 76GB ubuntu install, sdb5- 4GB swap area. Does anyone know why my Ubuntu 13.10 is not being recognized? and what should I do to get it working? Thanks and sorry for the long read and bad english! (BIOS = legacy)

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• The perverse hangman problem

  - by Shalmanese

  Perverse Hangman is a game played much like regular Hangman with one important difference: The winning word is determined dynamically by the house depending on what letters have been guessed. For example, say you have the board _ A I L and 12 remaining guesses. Because there are 13 different words ending in AIL (bail, fail, hail, jail, kail, mail, nail, pail, rail, sail, tail, vail, wail) the house is guaranteed to win because no matter what 12 letters you guess, the house will claim the chosen word was the one you didn't guess. However, if the board was _ I L M, you have cornered the house as FILM is the only word that ends in ILM. The challenge is: Given a dictionary, a word length & the number of allowed guesses, come up with an algorithm that either: a) proves that the player always wins by outputting a decision tree for the player that corners the house no matter what b) proves the house always wins by outputting a decision tree for the house that allows the house to escape no matter what. As a toy example, consider the dictionary: bat bar car If you are allowed 3 wrong guesses, the player wins with the following tree: Guess B NO -> Guess C, Guess A, Guess R, WIN YES-> Guess T NO -> Guess A, Guess R, WIN YES-> Guess A, WIN

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• Sticky connection and HTTPS support for HAProxy

  - by Saif

  Hi Mates, We have 2 HTTP Load balancer with HAproxy and heartbeat. There are 4 apache nodes in this cluster. It's doing round robin load balancing. The HTTP cluster working fine. We are having problem with our portal because it uses SSO. We need sticky connection support in our HAproxy. Also we need load balancing for HTTPS traffic. Here's our HAproxy conf file. global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *:5000 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static default_backend app #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static balance roundrobin server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend app listen ha-http 10.190.1.28:80 mode http stats enable stats auth admin:xxxxxx balance roundrobin cookie JSESSIONID prefix option httpclose option forwardfor option httpchk HEAD /haproxy.txt HTTP/1.0 server apache1 portal-04:80 cookie A check server apache2 im-01:80 cookie B check server apache3 im-02:80 cookie B check server apache4 im-03:80 cookie B check Please advice. Thanks for your help in advance.

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• Restarting Haproxy Gracefully

  - by Anand Gupta

  As per various blogs, HAproxy can be gracefully restarted using the following command: sudo haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /var/run/haproxy.pid -sf $(cat /var/run/haproxy.pid) TO verify this, I had set up a apache bench script which contiguously sent message to haproxy. Ideally, whenever I restarted my server the script should not have an affect on the apache bunch execiton. But, it seems that whenever Haproxy is restarted apache bench scripts terminate and the connection to load balancer is lost. Here is the details of my HaProxy configuration file : global nbproc 4 log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice #log loghost local0 info maxconn 4096 #chroot /usr/share/haproxy user haproxy group haproxy daemon pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid stats socket /home/ubuntu/haproxy.sock #debug #quiet defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 option redispatch maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 listen webstats bind 0.0.0.0:1000 stats enable mode http stats uri /lb?stats stats auth anand:aaaaaaaa #stats refresh listen web-farm 0.0.0.0:80 mode http balance roundrobin option httpchk HEAD /index.php HTTP/1.0 server server2.com 1.1.1.1:80 server serve1.com 1.1.1.2:80 ~ Please let me know what am I missing here.

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