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  • How is this "interface"-like structure/pattern called?

    - by Sebastian Negraszus
    Let's assume we have an XmlDoc class that contains basic functionality for dealing with an XML data structure and saving/loading data to/from a file. Now we have several subclasses, A, B and C. They all inherit from XmlDoc and add component-specific methods for setting and getting lots of data. They are like "interfaces" but also add an implementation for the signatures. Finally, we have an ABCDoc class that joins all the "interfaces" via virtual multiple inheritence and adds some ABCDoc-specific stuff, such as using XMLDoc-methods to set an appropriate doc type. We may also have an ADoc class for only saving A data. How is this pattern called? "Interface" is not really the right word since interfaces usually do not contain an implementation. Bonus points for C++ code conventions.

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  • How would you tackle a pattern-finding program?

    - by Neil
    Just to be clear, I don't think this should be question better suited for stackoverflow.com simply because there's not a single answer but a wide range of possible solutions, making this question far more subjective in nature. I was curious how you guys would tackle a pattern-finding program, which is to say I'd do the following operations: I enter in some input. Program predicts my next input based on all previous inputs. Rinse. Repeat. Since the amount of input I could provide is so varied, including empty strings, conventional means such as switches or regular expressions are out, since it would require you to have an inkling of information about what to expect. I was thinking about some form of genetic algorithm, yet even then I don't have a clue as to how to approach a problem of this caliber. I think some feedback mechanism would be necessary as well as to let the program know how close it was. Anyone had to do a similar type program before?

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  • Settings object with singleton pattern

    - by axis
    I need to build an object that will have only one instance because this Object is dedicated to the storage of vital settings for my application and I would like to avoid a misuse of this type or a conflict at run-time. The most popular solution for this, according to the internet, is the Singleton pattern. But I would like to know about other ideas or solutions for this; also I would like to know if other solutions can be much more easy to grasp for an user of this hypothetical library. Thanks.

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  • Simulating a sine wave/oscillating pattern for enemies

    - by Sun
    I'm creating a simple top down shooter, right now I have an enemy which simply follows the player. I'd like to change things up and have the enemies move towards the player but in a wave like motion. I have looked at some similar questions like this but they don't take into account for the Y changing. How can I simulate a wave like pattern for my enemies whilst they are homing into their target. Edit: Sample code In my update method I have the following: Vector2 trackingPos = position - target; trackingPos.Normalize(); position -= trackingPos * elaspedTime * speed;

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  • Visitor pattern and compiler code generation, how to get children attributes?

    - by LeleDumbo
    I'd like to modify my compiler's code generator to use visitor pattern since the current approach must use multiple conditional statement to check the real type of a child before generating the corresponding code. However, I have problems to get children attributes after they're visited. For instance, in binary expression I use this: LHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(LHSNode); RHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(RHSNode); CreateBinaryExpression(Self,LHS,RHS); In visitor pattern the visit method is usually void, so I can't get the expression code from LHS and RHS. Keeping shared global variables isn't an option since expression code generation is recursive thus could erase previous values kept in the variables. I'll just show the binary expression as this is the most complicated part (for now): function TLLVMCodeGenerator.GenerateExpressionCode( Expr: TASTExpression): TLLVMValue; var BinExpr: TASTBinaryExpression; UnExpr: TASTUnaryExpression; LHSCode, RHSCode, ExprCode: TLLVMValue; VarExpr: TASTVariableExpression; begin if Expr is TASTBinaryExpression then begin BinExpr := Expr as TASTBinaryExpression; LHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(BinExpr.LHS); RHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(BinExpr.RHS); case BinExpr.Op of '<': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSLT, LHSCode, RHSCode); '<=': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSLE, LHSCode, RHSCode); '>': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSGT, LHSCode, RHSCode); '>=': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSGE, LHSCode, RHSCode); '==': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccEQ, LHSCode, RHSCode); '<>': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccNE, LHSCode, RHSCode); '/\': Result := FBuilder.CreateAnd(LHSCode, RHSCode); '\/': Result := FBuilder.CreateOr(LHSCode, RHSCode); '+': Result := FBuilder.CreateAdd(LHSCode, RHSCode); '-': Result := FBuilder.CreateSub(LHSCode, RHSCode); '*': Result := FBuilder.CreateMul(LHSCode, RHSCode); '/': Result := FBuilder.CreateSDiv(LHSCode, RHSCode); end; end else if Expr is TASTPrimaryExpression then if Expr is TASTBooleanConstant then with Expr as TASTBooleanConstant do Result := FBuilder.CreateConstant(Ord(Value), ltI1) else if Expr is TASTIntegerConstant then with Expr as TASTIntegerConstant do Result := FBuilder.CreateConstant(Value, ltI32) else if Expr is TASTUnaryExpression then begin UnExpr := Expr as TASTUnaryExpression; ExprCode := GenerateExpressionCode(UnExpr.Expr); case UnExpr.Op of '~': Result := FBuilder.CreateXor( FBuilder.CreateConstant(1, ltI1), ExprCode); '-': Result := FBuilder.CreateSub( FBuilder.CreateConstant(0, ltI32), ExprCode); end; end else if Expr is TASTVariableExpression then begin VarExpr := Expr as TASTVariableExpression; with VarExpr.VarDecl do Result := FBuilder.CreateVar(Ident, BaseTypeLLVMTypeMap[BaseType]); end; end; Hope you understand it :)

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  • Find all ways to insert zeroes into a bit pattern

    - by James
    I've been struggling to wrap my head around this for some reason. I have 15 bits that represent a number. The bits must match a pattern. The pattern is defined in the way the bits start out: they are in the most flush-right representation of that pattern. So say the pattern is 1 4 1. The bits will be: 000000010111101 So the general rule is, take each number in the pattern, create that many bits (1, 4 or 1 in this case) and then have at least one space separating them. So if it's 1 2 6 1 (it will be random): 001011011111101 Starting with the flush-right version, I want to generate every single possible number that meets that pattern. The # of bits will be stored in a variable. So for a simple case, assume it's 5 bits and the initial bit pattern is: 00101. I want to generate: 00101 01001 01010 10001 10010 10100 I'm trying to do this in Objective-C, but anything resembling C would be fine. I just can't seem to come up with a good recursive algorithm for this. It makes sense in the above example, but when I start getting into 12431 and having to keep track of everything it breaks down.

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  • JavaScript local alias pattern

    - by Bertrand Le Roy
    Here’s a little pattern that is fairly common from JavaScript developers but that is not very well known from C# developers or people doing only occasional JavaScript development. In C#, you can use a “using” directive to create aliases of namespaces or bring them to the global scope: namespace Fluent.IO { using System; using System.Collections; using SystemIO = System.IO; In JavaScript, the only scoping construct there is is the function, but it can also be used as a local aliasing device, just like the above using directive: (function($, dv) { $("#foo").doSomething(); var a = new dv("#bar"); })(jQuery, Sys.UI.DataView); This piece of code is making the jQuery object accessible using the $ alias throughout the code that lives inside of the function, without polluting the global scope with another variable. The benefit is even bigger for the dv alias which stands here for Sys.UI.DataView: think of the reduction in file size if you use that one a lot or about how much less you’ll have to type… I’ve taken the habit of putting almost all of my code, even page-specific code, inside one of those closures, not just because it keeps the global scope clean but mostly because of that handy aliasing capability.

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  • Dynamic Forms: Pattern or AntiPattern?

    - by Segfault
    I'm sure you've seen it. The database has a bunch of tables called Forms, Controls,FormsControls, ControlSets, Actions and the program that queries these tables has a dynamically generated user interface. It will read all the forms, load a home page that has links to them all, or embed them in some tabbed or paged home page, and for each of those forms it will read the various text boxes, check boxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, combo boxes, labels and whatnot from the controls and form-to-control join tables, lay those elements out according to the database and link all the controls to logic according to other rules in the database. To me, this is an anti-pattern. It actually make the application more difficult to maintain because the design of it is now spread out into multiple different systems. Also, the database is not source controlled. Sure, it may make one or two changes go more quickly, after you've analyzed the program anyway to understand how to change the data and as long as you don't stray from the sort of changes that were anticipated and accounted for, but that's often just not sustainable. What say you?

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  • Design pattern for procedural terrain assets

    - by Alex
    I'm developing a procedural terrain class at the moment and am stuck on the correct design pattern. The terrain is 2D and is constructed from a series of (x,y) points. I currently have a method that just randomly adds points to an array of points to generate a random spread of points. However I need a more elaborate system for generating the terrain. The terrain will be built form a series of re-accuring terrain structures eg. a pit, jump, hill etc. Each structure will have some randomness assigned to it, each height of hill will be random, pit size will be random etc. Each terrain structure will have: A property detailing the number of points making up that structure A method for generating the points (not absolutely necessary) My current thinking is to have a class for each terrain structure, create a fixed amount of terrain elements ahead of the player, loop over these and add the corresponding points to the game. What is the best way to create these procedural terrain structures when they are ultimately just a set of functions for generating terrain elements? Is a class for each terrain element excessive? I'm developing the game for iphone so any objective-c related answers would be welcome.

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  • Pattern for a class that does only one thing

    - by Heinzi
    Let's say I have a procedure that does stuff: void doStuff(initalParams) { ... } Now I discover that "doing stuff" is quite a compex operation. The procedure becomes large, I split it up into multiple smaller procedures and soon I realize that having some kind of state would be useful while doing stuff, so that I need to pass less parameters between the small procedures. So, I factor it out into its own class: class StuffDoer { private someInternalState; public Start(initalParams) { ... } // some private helper procedures here ... } And then I call it like this: new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); or like this: new StuffDoer(initialParams).Start(); And this is what feels wrong. When using the .NET or Java API, I always never call new SomeApiClass().Start(...);, which makes me suspect that I'm doing it wrong. Sure, I could make StuffDoer's constructor private and add a static helper method: public static DoStuff(initalParams) { new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); } But then I'd have a class whose external interface consists of only one static method, which also feels weird. Hence my question: Is there a well-established pattern for this type of classes that have only one entry point and have no "externally recognizable" state, i.e., instance state is only required during execution of that one entry point?

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  • Producer-consumer pattern with consumer restrictions

    - by Dan
    I have a processing problem that I am thinking is a classic producer-consumer problem with the two added wrinkles that there may be a variable number of producers and there is the restriction that no more than one item per producer may be consumed at any one time. I will generally have 50-100 producers and as many consumers as CPU cores on the server. I want to maximize the throughput of the consumers while ensuring that there are never more than one work item in process from any single producer. This is more complicated than the classic producer-consumer problem which I think assumes a single producer and no restriction on which work items may be in progress at any one time. I think the problem of multiple producers is relatively easily solved by enqueuing all work items on a single work queue protected by a critical section. I think the restriction on simultaneously processing work items from any single producer is harder because I cannot think of any solution that does not require each consumer to notify some kind of work dispatcher that a particular work item has been completed so as to lift the restriction on work items from that producer. In other words, if Consumer2 has just completed WorkItem42 from Producer53, there needs to be some kind of callback or notification from Consumer2 to a work dispatcher to allow the work dispatcher to release the next work item from Producer53 to the next available consumer (whether Consumer2 or otherwise). Am I overlooking something simple here? Is there a known pattern for this problem? I would appreciate any pointers.

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  • Recommened design pattern to handle multiple compression algorithms for a class hierarchy

    - by sgorozco
    For all you OOD experts. What would be the recommended way to model the following scenario? I have a certain class hierarchy similar to the following one: class Base { ... } class Derived1 : Base { ... } class Derived2 : Base { ... } ... Next, I would like to implement different compression/decompression engines for this hierarchy. (I already have code for several strategies that best handle different cases, like file compression, network stream compression, legacy system compression, etc.) I would like the compression strategy to be pluggable and chosen at runtime, however I'm not sure how to handle the class hierarchy. Currently I have a tighly-coupled design that looks like this: interface ICompressor { byte[] Compress(Base instance); } class Strategy1Compressor : ICompressor { byte[] Compress(Base instance) { // Common compression guts for Base class ... // if( instance is Derived1 ) { // Compression guts for Derived1 class } if( instance is Derived2 ) { // Compression guts for Derived2 class } // Additional compression logic to handle other class derivations ... } } As it is, whenever I add a new derived class inheriting from Base, I would have to modify all compression strategies to take into account this new class. Is there a design pattern that allows me to decouple this, and allow me to easily introduce more classes to the Base hierarchy and/or additional compression strategies?

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  • whats the name of this pattern?

    - by Wes
    I see this a lot in frameworks. You have a master class which other classes register with. The master class then decides which of the registered classes to delegate the request to. An example based passed in class may be something this. public interface Processor { public boolean canHandle(Object objectToHandle); public void handle(Object objectToHandle); } public class EvenNumberProcessor extends Processor { public boolean canHandle(Object objectToHandle) { if (!isNumeric(objectToHandle)){ return false } return isEven(objectToHandle); } public void handle(objectToHandle) { //Optionally call canHandleAgain to ensure the calling class is fufilling its contract doSomething(); } } public class OddNumberProcessor extends Processor { public boolean canHandle(Object objectToHandle) { if (!isNumeric(objectToHandle)){ return false } return isOdd(objectToHandle); } public void handle(objectToHandle) { //Optionally call canHandleAgain to ensure the calling class is fufilling its contract doSomething(); } } //Can optionally implement processor interface public class processorDelegator { private List processors; public void addProcessor(Processor processor) { processors.add(processor); } public void process(Object objectToProcess) { //Lookup relevant processor either by keeping a list of what they can process //Or query each one to see if it can process the object. chosenProcessor=chooseProcessor(objectToProcess); chosenProcessor.handle(objectToProcess); } } Note there are a few variations I see on this. In one variation the sub classes provide a list of things they can process which the ProcessorDelegator understands. The other variation which is listed above in fake code is where each is queried in turn. This is similar to chain of command but I don't think its the same as chain of command means that the processor needs to pass to other processors. The other variation is where the ProcessorDelegator itself implements the interface which means you can get trees of ProcessorDelegators which specialise further. In the above example you could have a numeric processor delegator which delegates to an even/odd processor and a string processordelegator which delegates to different strings. My question is does this pattern have a name.

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  • Bullet pattern isn't behaving as expected

    - by Fibericon
    I have a boss that's supposed to continuously shoot five streams of bullets, each at a different angle. It starts off just fine, but doesn't seem to want to use its entire array of bullets. No matter how large I set the length of bulletList, the boss simply stops shooting after a couple of seconds, then pick up again shortly. Here's what I'm using to generate the pattern: Vector3 direction = new Vector3(0.5f, -1, 0); for (int r = 0; r < boss.gun.bulletList.Length; r++) { if (!boss.gun.bulletList[r].isActive) { boss.gun.bulletList[r].direction = direction; boss.gun.bulletList[r].speed = boss.gun.BulletSpeedAdjustment; boss.gun.bulletList[r].position = boss.position; boss.gun.bulletList[r].isActive = true; break; } } direction = new Vector3(-0.5f, -1, 0); //Repeat with four similar for loops, to place a bullet in each direction It doesn't seem to matter if the bulletList length is 1000 or 100000. What could be the issue here?

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  • Design pattern for an automated mechanical test bench

    - by JJS
    Background I have a test fixture with a number of communication/data acquisition devices on it that is used as an end of line test for a product. Because of all the various sensors used in the bench and the need to run the test procedure in near real-time, I'm having a hard time structuring the program to be more friendly to modify later on. For example, a National Instruments USB data acquisition device is used to control an analog output (load) and monitor an analog input (current), a digital scale with a serial data interface measures position, an air pressure gauge with a different serial data interface, and the product is interfaced through a proprietary DLL that handles its own serial communication. The hard part The "real-time" aspect of the program is my biggest tripping point. For example, I need to time how long the product needs to go from position 0 to position 10,000 to the tenth of a second. While it's traveling, I need to ramp up an output of the NI DAQ when it reaches position 6,000 and ramp it down when it reaches position 8,000. This sort of control looks easy from browsing NI's LabVIEW docs but I'm stuck with C# for now. All external communication is done by polling which makes for lots of annoying loops. I've slapped together a loose Producer Consumer model where the Producer thread loops through reading the sensors and sets the outputs. The Consumer thread executes functions containing timed loops that poll the Producer for current data and execute movement commands as required. The UI thread polls both threads for updating some gauges indicating current test progress. Unsure where to start Is there a more appropriate pattern for this type of application? Are there any good resources for writing control loops in software (non-LabVIEW) that interface with external sensors and whatnot?

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  • What type of pattern would be used in this case

    - by Admiral Kunkka
    I want to know how to tackle this type of scenario. We are building a person's background, from scratch, and I want to know, conceptually, how to proceed with a secure object pattern in both design and execution... I've been reading on Factory patterns, Model-View-Controller types, Dependency injection, Singleton approaches... and I can't seem to grasp or 'fit' these types of designs decisions into what I'm trying to do.. First and foremost, I started with having a big jack-of-all-trades class, then I read some more, and some tips were to make sure your classes only have a single purpose.. which makes sense and I started breaking down certain things into other classes. Okay, cool. Now I'm looking at dependency injection and kind of didn't really know what's going on. Example/insight of what kind of heirarchy I need to accomplish... class Person needs to access and build from a multitude of different classes. class Culture needs to access a sub-class for culture benefits class Social needs to access class Culture, and other sub-classes class Birth needs to access Social, Culture, and other sub-classes class Childhood/Adolescence/Adulthood need to access everything. Also, depending on different rolls, this class heirarchy needs to create multiple people as well, such as Family, and their backgrounds using some, if not all, of these same classes. Think of it as a people generator, all random, with backgrounds and things that happen to them. Ageing, death of loved ones, military careers, e.t.c. Most of the generation is done randomly, making calls to a mt_rand function to pick from most of the selections inside the classes, guaranteeing the data to be absolutely random. I have most of the bulk-data down, and was looking for some insight from fellow programmers, what do you think?

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  • Command Pattern refactor for input processing?

    - by Casey
    According to Game Coding Complete 4th. ed. processing input via the following is considered unmanagable and inflexible. But does not show an example. I've used the Command pattern to represent GUI button commands but could not figure out how to represent the input from the keyboard and/or mouse. if(g_keyboard->KeyDown(KEY_ESC)) { quit = true; return; } //Processing if(g_keyboard->KeyDown(KEY_T)) { g_show_test_gateway = !g_show_test_gateway; } if(g_mouse->ButtonDown(a2de::Mouse::BUTTON2)) { g_selected_part = GWPart::PART_NONE; SetMouseImageToPartImage(); } ResetButtonStates(); g_prevButton = g_curButton; g_curButton = GetButtonHovered(); if(g_curButton) { g_mouse->SetImageToDefault(); if(g_mouse->ButtonDown(a2de::Mouse::BUTTON1) || g_mouse->ButtonPress(a2de::Mouse::BUTTON1)) { ButtonPressCommand curCommand(g_curButton); curCommand.Execute(); } else if(g_mouse->ButtonUp(a2de::Mouse::BUTTON1)) { if(g_prevButton == g_curButton) { ButtonReleaseCommand curCommand(g_curButton); curCommand.Execute(); if(g_curButton->GetType() == "export") { ExportCommand curCommand(g_curButton, *g_gateway); curCommand.Execute(); } } else { ResetButtonStates(); } } else { ButtonHoverCommand curCommand(g_curButton); curCommand.Execute(); } } else { g_status_message.clear(); SetMouseImageToPartImage(); if(g_mouse->ButtonDown(a2de::Mouse::BUTTON1)) { CreatePartCommand curCommand(*g_gateway, g_selected_part, a2de::Vector2D(g_mouse->GetX(), g_mouse->GetY())); curCommand.Execute(); } }

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  • Concurrency pattern of logger in multithreaded application

    - by Dipan Mehta
    The context: We are working on a multi-threaded (Linux-C) application that follows a pipeline model. Each module has a private thread and encapsulated objects which do processing of data; and each stage has a standard form of exchanging data with next unit. The application is free from memory leak and is threadsafe using locks at the point where they exchange data. Total number of threads is about 15- and each thread can have from 1 to 4 objects. Making about 25 - 30 odd objects which all have some critical logging to do. Most discussion I have seen about different levels as in Log4J and it's other translations. The real big questions is about how the overall logging should really happen? One approach is all local logging does fprintf to stderr. The stderr is redirected to some file. This approach is very bad when logs become too big. If all object instantiate their individual loggers - (about 30-40 of them) there will be too many files. And unlike above, one won't have the idea of true order of events. Timestamping is one possibility - but it is still a mess to collate. If there is a single global logger (singleton) pattern - it indirectly blocks so many threads while one is busy putting up logs. This is unacceptable when processing of the threads are heavy. So what should be the ideal way to structure the logging objects? What are some of the best practices in actual large scale applications? I would also love to learn from some of the real designs of large scale applications to get inspirations from!

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  • What Pattern will solve this - fetching dependent record from database

    - by tunmise fasipe
    I have these classes class Match { int MatchID, int TeamID, //used to reference Team ... other fields } Note: Match actually have 2 teams which means 2 TeamID class Team { int TeamID, string TeamName } In my view I need to display List<Match> showing the TeamName. So I added another field class Match { int MatchID, int TeamID, //used to reference Team ... other fields string TeamName; } I can now do Match m = getMatch(id); m.TeamName = getTeamName(m.TeamId); //get name from database But for a List<Match>, getTeamName(TeamId) will go to the database to fetch TeamName for each TeamID. For a page of 10 Matches per page, that could be (10x2Teams)=20 trip to database. To avoid this, I had the idea of loading everything once, store it in memory and only lookup the TeamName in memory. This made me have a rethink that what if the records are 5000 or more. What pattern is used to solve this and how?

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  • MVVM and service pattern

    - by alfa-alfa
    I'm building a WPF application using the MVVM pattern. Right now, my viewmodels calls the service layer to retrieve models (how is not relevant to the viewmodel) and convert them to viewmodels. I'm using constructor injection to pass the service required to the viewmodel. It's easily testable and works well for viewmodels with few dependencies, but as soon as I try to create viewModels for complex models, I have a constructor with a LOT of services injected in it (one to retrieve each dependencies and a list of all available values to bind to an itemsSource for example). I'm wondering how to handle multiple services like that and still have a viewmodel that I can unit test easily. I'm thinking of a few solutions: Creating a services singleton (IServices) containing all the available services as interfaces. Example: Services.Current.XXXService.Retrieve(), Services.Current.YYYService.Retrieve(). That way, I don't have a huge constructor with a ton of services parameters in them. Creating a facade for the services used by the viewModel and passing this object in the ctor of my viewmodel. But then, I'll have to create a facade for each of my complexe viewmodels, and it might be a bit much... What do you think is the "right" way to implement this kind of architecture ?

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