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• Javascript InnerHTML Erases Data In Form Elements

  - by Jordan

  I have this form with a button that allows you to add fields to the form. <form id="contact" name="contactForm" action="newPoll.php" method="post"> <fieldset> <legend>Create A Poll</legend><br style="clear:both;"> <ol> <li><lable for=pollTitle>Poll Title:</lable><input name="pollTitle" id="pollTitle" type="text" size="66" /> </li> <li><lable for=question>1st Question:</lable><input name="question" id="question" type="text" size="66" /> </li> <li><lable for=answerType>Constrained:</lable><input name="answerType" id="answerType" value="Constrained" type="radio" size="66" /><span style="margin: 0 0 0 40px;"> Unconstrained: <input style="margin-right: 30px;" name="answerType" value="Unconstrained" id="question" type="radio" size="66" /></span>(Allow multiple answers) </li> <li><lable for=answer1>Answer:</lable><input name="answer1" id="answer1" type="text" size="66" /> </li> <li><lable for=answer2>Answer:</lable><input name="answer2" id="answer2" type="text" size="66" /> </li> <li><lable for=answer3>Answer:</lable><input name="answer3" id="answer3" type="text" size="66" /> </li> <li><lable for=answer4>Answer:</lable><input name="answer4" id="answer4" type="text" size="66" /> </li> </ol><br /> </fieldset> <input type="button" value="Add More Answers" name="addAnswer" onClick="generateRow()" /><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Add Another Question"> </form> And here is generateRow(): var count = 5; function generateRow() { var d=document.getElementById("contact"); var b = document.getElementById("answer4"); var c =b.name.charAt(0); var f = b.name.substr(0, 6); var y = f + count; count = count + 1; d.innerHTML+='<li><lable for=' + y + '>Answer:</lable><input name="' + y + '" id="' + y + '" type="text" size="66"/> </li>'; } The issue is whenever a new row is added, it erases any input that may have been typed in any of the un-original (added) text fields. It should leave the data in form elements

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• FFMPEG Segfault Solutions

  - by Brentley_11

  I'm trying to convert a bunch of movies into h.264 mp4's using FFMPEG. These movies are sourced from various portable camcorders such as the Flip Mino HD and the Kodak ZI8. One issue I'm having with video from the ZI8 is it seems to be causing FFMPEG to segfault. Here is my command: ffmpeg -i 'XmasSailor720p60fps.MOV' -threads 2 -acodec libfaac -ab 96kb -vcodec libx264 -vpre hq -b 500kb -s 484x272 XmasSailor.mp4 Here is the output: FFmpeg version SVN-r20668, Copyright (c) 2000-2009 Fabrice Bellard, et al. built on Dec 2 2009 18:37:34 with gcc 4.2.4 (Ubuntu 4.2.4-1ubuntu4) configuration: --enable-libfaac --enable-libfaad --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libx264 --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --enable-shared libavutil 50. 5. 1 / 50. 5. 1 libavcodec 52.42. 0 / 52.42. 0 libavformat 52.39. 2 / 52.39. 2 libavdevice 52. 2. 0 / 52. 2. 0 libswscale 0. 7. 2 / 0. 7. 2 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 Seems stream 0 codec frame rate differs from container frame rate: 59.94 (60000/1001) -> 29.97 (30000/1001) Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'XmasSailor720p60fps.MOV': Duration: 00:00:05.37, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 12021 kb/s Stream #0.0(eng): Video: h264, yuv420p, 1280x720 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 11994 kb/s, 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 128 kb/s Metadata major_brand : qt minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: qt comment : KODAK Zi8 Pocket Video Camera comment-eng : KODAK Zi8 Pocket Video Camera [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]using SAR=1/1 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 FastShuffle SSE4.1 Cache64 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]profile High, level 2.1 Output #0, mp4, to 'XmasSailor.mp4': Stream #0.0(eng): Video: libx264, yuv420p, 484x272 [PAR 1:1 DAR 121:68], q=10-51, 500 kb/s, 30k tbn, 29.97 tbc Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 96 kb/s Metadata comment : Encoded with the Statusfirm Video Transcoder Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1 Press [q] to stop encoding [h264 @ 0x99de950]B picture before any references, skipping [h264 @ 0x99de950]decode_slice_header error [h264 @ 0x99de950]no frame! Error while decoding stream #0.0 [h264 @ 0x99de950]B picture before any references, skipping [h264 @ 0x99de950]decode_slice_header error [h264 @ 0x99de950]no frame! Error while decoding stream #0.0 frame= 20 fps= 0 q=13797729.0 size= 0kB time=0.66 bitrate= 0.6kbits/s frame= 39 fps= 37 q=13797729.0 size= 0kB time=1.30 bitrate= 0.3kbits/s frame= 48 fps= 30 q=33.0 size= 11kB time=0.10 bitrate= 903.0kbits/s frame= 58 fps= 27 q=31.0 size= 22kB time=0.43 bitrate= 421.0kbits/s frame= 67 fps= 25 q=29.0 size= 41kB time=0.73 bitrate= 462.6kbits/s frame= 75 fps= 23 q=29.0 size= 59kB time=1.00 bitrate= 486.7kbits/s frame= 83 fps= 22 q=29.0 size= 81kB time=1.27 bitrate= 521.9kbits/s frame= 90 fps= 21 q=29.0 size= 97kB time=1.50 bitrate= 530.1kbits/s frame= 98 fps= 20 q=29.0 size= 114kB time=1.77 bitrate= 526.9kbits/s frame= 106 fps= 20 q=29.0 size= 134kB time=2.04 bitrate= 537.7kbits/s frame= 114 fps= 19 q=29.0 size= 150kB time=2.30 bitrate= 533.7kbits/s frame= 122 fps= 19 q=29.0 size= 172kB time=2.57 bitrate= 547.8kbits/s frame= 130 fps= 19 q=29.0 size= 193kB time=2.84 bitrate= 557.5kbits/s frame= 136 fps= 18 q=29.0 size= 211kB time=3.04 bitrate= 570.0kbits/s frame= 144 fps= 18 q=29.0 size= 242kB time=3.30 bitrate= 599.5kbits/s frame= 152 fps= 17 q=30.0 size= 261kB time=3.57 bitrate= 598.6kbits/s frame= 157 fps= 15 q=-1.0 Lsize= 368kB time=5.21 bitrate= 579.3kbits/s video:302kB audio:61kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 1.416371% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]frame I:1 Avg QP:27.22 size: 8720 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]frame P:48 Avg QP:25.15 size: 3759 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]frame B:108 Avg QP:30.10 size: 1105 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]consecutive B-frames: 0.6% 11.5% 28.8% 59.0% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]mb I I16..4: 28.5% 47.6% 23.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]mb P I16..4: 0.8% 1.3% 0.5% P16..4: 50.6% 17.7% 13.1% 0.0% 0.0% skip:15.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]mb B I16..4: 0.2% 0.3% 0.1% B16..8: 44.0% 1.2% 2.6% direct: 5.1% skip:46.5% L0:45.5% L1:51.0% BI: 3.5% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]final ratefactor: 23.51 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]8x8 transform intra:49.9% inter:67.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]direct mvs spatial:98.1% temporal:1.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 54.7% 76.1% 41.4% inter: 17.1% 24.4% 7.8% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]i16 v,h,dc,p: 18% 52% 5% 25% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 12% 22% 9% 7% 10% 10% 9% 8% 13% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 13% 18% 8% 8% 10% 13% 10% 9% 12% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]Weighted P-Frames: Y:10.4% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]ref P L0: 60.2% 15.3% 11.0% 7.6% 5.2% 0.7% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]ref B L0: 72.6% 15.6% 11.8% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]kb/s:471.17 Segmentation fault I'm wondering if anyone else has ran into similar issues. I wasn't able to find anything helpful via Google. Another question I have is if anyone knows of a company that offers paid support for FFMPEG. Thank you for your time.

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• Where to put X11 drivers configuration in Ubuntu Lucid?

  - by vava

  Since hal is removed from Lucid, where now can I put all those little configuration tweaks for mouse and other input devices? In particular, I want to configure ThinkPad trackpad to enable scrolling with middle button. In hal, it was done with <match key="info.product" string="TPPS/2 IBM TrackPoint"> <merge key="input.x11_options.EmulateWheel" type="string">true</merge> <merge key="input.x11_options.EmulateWheelButton" type="string">2</merge> <merge key="input.x11_options.ZAxisMapping" type="string">4 5</merge> <merge key="input.x11_options.XAxisMapping" type="string">6 7</merge> <merge key="input.x11_options.Emulate3Buttons" type="string">true</merge> <merge key="input.x11_options.EmulateWheelTimeout" type="string">200</merge> </match>

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• Changes to the LINQ-to-StreamInsight Dialect

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  In previous versions of StreamInsight (1.0 through 2.0), CepStream<> represents temporal streams of many varieties: Streams with ‘open’ inputs (e.g., those defined and composed over CepStream<T>.Create(string streamName) Streams with ‘partially bound’ inputs (e.g., those defined and composed over CepStream<T>.Create(Type adapterFactory, …)) Streams with fully bound inputs (e.g., those defined and composed over To*Stream – sequences or DQC) The stream may be embedded (where Server.Create is used) The stream may be remote (where Server.Connect is used) When adding support for new programming primitives in StreamInsight 2.1, we faced a choice: Add a fourth variety (use CepStream<> to represent streams that are bound the new programming model constructs), or introduce a separate type that represents temporal streams in the new user model. We opted for the latter. Introducing a new type has the effect of reducing the number of (confusing) runtime failures due to inappropriate uses of CepStream<> instances in the incorrect context. The new types are: IStreamable<>, which logically represents a temporal stream. IQStreamable<> : IStreamable<>, which represents a queryable temporal stream. Its relationship to IStreamable<> is analogous to the relationship of IQueryable<> to IEnumerable<>. The developer can compose temporal queries over remote stream sources using this type. The syntax of temporal queries composed over IQStreamable<> is mostly consistent with the syntax of our existing CepStream<>-based LINQ provider. However, we have taken the opportunity to refine certain aspects of the language surface. Differences are outlined below. Because 2.1 introduces new types to represent temporal queries, the changes outlined in this post do no impact existing StreamInsight applications using the existing types! SelectMany StreamInsight does not support the SelectMany operator in its usual form (which is analogous to SQL’s “CROSS APPLY” operator): static IEnumerable<R> SelectMany<T, R>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, IEnumerable<R>> collectionSelector) It instead uses SelectMany as a convenient syntactic representation of an inner join. The parameter to the selector function is thus unavailable. Because the parameter isn’t supported, its type in StreamInsight 1.0 – 2.0 wasn’t carefully scrutinized. Unfortunately, the type chosen for the parameter is nonsensical to LINQ programmers: static CepStream<R> SelectMany<T, R>(this CepStream<T> source, Expression<Func<CepStream<T>, CepStream<R>>> streamSelector) Using Unit as the type for the parameter accurately reflects the StreamInsight’s capabilities: static IQStreamable<R> SelectMany<T, R>(this IQStreamable<T> source, Expression<Func<Unit, IQStreamable<R>>> streamSelector) For queries that succeed – that is, queries that do not reference the stream selector parameter – there is no difference between the code written for the two overloads: from x in xs from y in ys select f(x, y) Top-K The Take operator used in StreamInsight causes confusion for LINQ programmers because it is applied to the (unbounded) stream rather than the (bounded) window, suggesting that the query as a whole will return k rows: (from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from x in win orderby x.A select x.B).Take(k) The use of SelectMany is also unfortunate in this context because it implies the availability of the window parameter within the remainder of the comprehension. The following compiles but fails at runtime: (from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from x in win orderby x.A select win).Take(k) The Take operator in 2.1 is applied to the window rather than the stream: Before After (from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from x in win orderby x.A select x.B).Take(k) from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from b in     (from x in win     orderby x.A     select x.B).Take(k) select b Multicast We are introducing an explicit multicast operator in order to preserve expression identity, which is important given the semantics about moving code to and from StreamInsight. This also better matches existing LINQ dialects, such as Reactive. This pattern enables expressing multicasting in two ways: Implicit Explicit var ys = from x in xs          where x.A > 1          select x; var zs = from y1 in ys          from y2 in ys.ShiftEventTime(_ => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))          select y1 + y2; var ys = from x in xs          where x.A > 1          select x; var zs = ys.Multicast(ys1 =>     from y1 in ys1     from y2 in ys1.ShiftEventTime(_ => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))     select y1 + y2; Notice the product translates an expression using implicit multicast into an expression using the explicit multicast operator. The user does not see this translation. Default window policies Only default window policies are supported in the new surface. Other policies can be simulated by using AlterEventLifetime. Before After xs.SnapshotWindow(     WindowInputPolicy.ClipToWindow,     SnapshotWindowInputPolicy.Clip) xs.SnapshotWindow() xs.TumblingWindow(     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),     HoppingWindowOutputPolicy.PointAlignToWindowEnd) xs.TumblingWindow(     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)) xs.TumblingWindow(     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),     HoppingWindowOutputPolicy.ClipToWindowEnd) Not supported … LeftAntiJoin Representation of LASJ as a correlated sub-query in the LINQ surface is problematic as the StreamInsight engine does not support correlated sub-queries (see discussion of SelectMany). The current syntax requires the introduction of an otherwise unsupported ‘IsEmpty()’ operator. As a result, the pattern is not discoverable and implies capabilities not present in the server. The direct representation of LASJ is used instead: Before After from x in xs where     (from y in ys     where x.A > y.B     select y).IsEmpty() select x xs.LeftAntiJoin(ys, (x, y) => x.A > y.B) from x in xs where     (from y in ys     where x.A == y.B     select y).IsEmpty() select x xs.LeftAntiJoin(ys, x => x.A, y => y.B) ApplyWithUnion The ApplyWithUnion methods have been deprecated since their signatures are redundant given the standard SelectMany overloads: Before After xs.GroupBy(x => x.A).ApplyWithUnion(gs => from win in gs.SnapshotWindow() select win.Count()) xs.GroupBy(x => x.A).SelectMany(     gs =>     from win in gs.SnapshotWindow()     select win.Count()) xs.GroupBy(x => x.A).ApplyWithUnion(gs => from win in gs.SnapshotWindow() select win.Count(), r => new { r.Key, Count = r.Payload }) from x in xs group x by x.A into gs from win in gs.SnapshotWindow() select new { gs.Key, Count = win.Count() } Alternate UDO syntax The representation of UDOs in the StreamInsight LINQ dialect confuses cardinalities. Based on the semantics of user-defined operators in StreamInsight, one would expect to construct queries in the following form: from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from y in MyUdo(win) select y Instead, the UDO proxy method is referenced within a projection, and the (many) results returned by the user code are automatically flattened into a stream: from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() select MyUdo(win) The “many-or-one” confusion is exemplified by the following example that compiles but fails at runtime: from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() select MyUdo(win) + win.Count() The above query must fail because the UDO is in fact returning many values per window while the count aggregate is returning one. Original syntax New alternate syntax from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() select win.UdoProxy(1) from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from y in win.UserDefinedOperator(() => new Udo(1)) select y -or- from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from y in win.UdoMacro(1) select y Notice that this formulation also sidesteps the dynamic type pitfalls of the existing “proxy method” approach to UDOs, in which the type of the UDO implementation (TInput, TOuput) and the type of its constructor arguments (TConfig) need to align in a precise and non-obvious way with the argument and return types for the corresponding proxy method. UDSO syntax UDSO currently leverages the DataContractSerializer to clone initial state for logical instances of the user operator. Initial state will instead be described by an expression in the new LINQ surface. Before After xs.Scan(new Udso()) xs.Scan(() => new Udso()) Name changes ShiftEventTime => AlterEventStartTime: The alter event lifetime overload taking a new start time value has been renamed. CountByStartTimeWindow => CountWindow

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• Facebook Connect Publish to Stream: how do I tag a user?

  - by Sean Cannon

  I have an application that allows martial arts trickers to 'battle' each other by initiating challenges and submitting videos and whatnot. When user A challenges user B, the application posts to the user's wall (the one who initiated the challenge). My question is how do I tag user B in the wall post? It essentially says "challenged John Do to a battle". I'd like "John Do" to link to his profile just like when you manually post something on your wall and use the @ symbol. I hope this makes sense. I've tried standard html for a link, and I've tried FBML. Neither are parsed and only render as plain text on the wall post. Thanks for any help!

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• Customizing the NUnit GUI for data-driven testing

  - by rwong

  My test project consists of a set of input data files which is fed into a piece of legacy third-party software. Since the input data files for this software are difficult to construct (not something that can be done intentionally), I am not going to add new input data files. Each input data file will be subject to a set of "test functions". Some of the test functions can be invoked independently. Other test functions represent the stages of a sequential operation - if an earlier stage fails, the subsequent stages do not need to be executed. I have experimented with the NUnit parametrized test case (TestCaseAttribute and TestCaseSourceAttribute), passing in the list of data files as test cases. I am generally satisfied with the the ability to select the input data for testing. However, I would like to see if it is possible to customize its GUI's tree structure, so that the "test functions" become the children of the "input data". For example: File #1 CheckFileTypeTest GetFileTopLevelStructureTest CompleteProcessTest StageOneTest StageTwoTest StageThreeTest File #2 CheckFileTypeTest GetFileTopLevelStructureTest CompleteProcessTest StageOneTest StageTwoTest StageThreeTest This will be useful for identifying the stage that failed during the processing of a particular input file. Is there any tips and tricks that will enable the new tree layout? Do I need to customize NUnit to get this layout?

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• How to trace a raw (character) device stream on Unix ?

  - by Fabien

  I'm trying to trace what is transiting in a raw (character) device on an Unix system (ex: /dev/tty.baseband) for DEBUG purpose. I am thinking of creating a deamon that would: upon start rename /dev/tty.baseband to /dev/tty.baseband.old. create a raw node /dev/tty.baseband spawn two threads: Thread 1: reading /dev/tty.baseband.old writing into /dev/tty.baseband Thread 2: reading /dev/tty.baseband writing into /dev/tty.baseband.old This would work a little bit like a MITM process. I wonder if there is not a 'standard' way to do this.

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• How can I decompress a gzip stream with zlib?

  - by Greg Hewgill

  Gzip format files (created with the gzip program, for example) use the "deflate" compression algorithm, which is the same compression algorithm as what zlib uses. However, when using zlib to inflate a gzip compressed file, the library returns a Z_DATA_ERROR. How can I use zlib to decompress a gzip file?

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• PHP & MySQL deleting multiple rows script problem.

  - by oReiLLy

  I'm trying to delete two tables rows from two different tables at once when a user clicks the delete button, but for some reason I cant get the table rows to delete can some one help me figure out what is wrong with my script? Thanks Here is the MySQL tables. CREATE TABLE cases ( id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, file VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, case VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); CREATE TABLE users_cases ( id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, cases_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, user_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); Here is the PHP & MySQL script. if(isset($_POST['delete_case'])) { $cases_ids = array(); $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"SELECT cases.*, users_cases.* FROM cases INNER JOIN users_cases ON users_cases.cases_id = cases.id WHERE users_cases.user_id='$user_id'"); if (!$dbc) { print mysqli_error($mysqli); } else { while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($dbc)){ $cases_ids[] = $row["cases_id"]; } } foreach($_POST['delete_id'] as $di) { if(in_array($di, $cases_ids)) { $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"DELETE FROM users_cases WHERE cases_id = '$delete_id'"); $dbc2 = mysqli_query($mysqli,"DELETE FROM cases WHERE id = '$delete_id'"); } } } Here is the XHTML. <li> <input type="text" name="file[]" size="25" /> <input type="text" name="case[]" size="25" /> <input type="text" name="name[]" size="25" /> <input type="hidden" name="delete_id" value="' . $row['cases_id'] . '" /> </li> <li> <input type="text" name="file[]" size="25" /> <input type="text" name="case[]" size="25" /> <input type="text" name="name[]" size="25" /> <input type="hidden" name="delete_id" value="' . $row['cases_id'] . '" /> </li> <li> <input type="text" name="file[]" size="25" /> <input type="text" name="case[]" size="25" /> <input type="text" name="name[]" size="25" /> <input type="hidden" name="delete_id" value="' . $row['cases_id'] . '" /> </li>

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• Sanitizing user input that will later be e-mailed - what should I be worried about?

  - by Kevin Burke

  I'm interning for an NGO in India (Seva Mandir, http://sevamandir.org) and trying to fix their broken "subscribe to newsletter" box. Because the staff isn't very sophisticated and our web host isn't great, I decided to send the relevant data to the publications person via mail() instead of storing it in a MySQL database. I know that it's best to treat user input as malicious, and I've searched the SO forums for posts relevant to escaping user data for sending in a mail message. I know the data should be escaped; what should I be worried about and what's the best way to sanitize the input before emailing it? Form flow: 1. User enters email on homepage and clicks Submit 2. User enters name, address, more information on second page (bad usability, I know, but my boss asked me to) and clicks "Submit" 3. Collect the data via $_POST and email it to the publications editor (and possibly send a confirmation to the subscriber). I am going to sanitize the email in step 2 and the other data in step 3. I appreciate your help, Kevin

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• Remove all dots except the first one from a string

  - by Šime Vidas

  Given a string '1.2.3.4.5' I would like to get this output '1.2345' I wrote this function process( input ) { var index = input.indexOf( '.' ); if ( index ) { input = input.substr( 0, index + 1 ) + input.slice( index ).replace( /\./g, '' ); } return input; } Live demo: http://jsfiddle.net/EDTNK/ It works but I was hoping for a slightly more elegant solution...

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• What HTTP headers do I need to stream an ASF file?

  - by SoaperGEM

  I have a simple PHP script that will either serve up a streaming ASF file or not, depending on whether you're logged in and have access to the file. It basically does this: <?php header('Content-Type: video/x-ms-asf'); header('Content-Disposition: inline; filename="file.asf"'); readfile('file.asf'); ?> This already works fine in Firefox; when you navigate to this file it starts the video streaming right away. But Internet Explorer is a different story. When I go to this link in IE, it consistently tries to download the file as if it were an attachment rather than streaming it in the browser. What I am missing that IE's getting hung up on?

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• How does Bitmap.Save(Stream, ImageFormat) format the data?

  - by Matt Jacobsen

  I have a non transparent, colour bitmap with length 2480 and width 3507. Using Bitmap.GetPixel(int x, int y) I am able to get the colour information of each pixel in the bitmap. If I squirt the bitmap into a byte[]: MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); bmp.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Bmp); ms.Position = 0; byte[] bytes = ms.ToArray(); then I'd expect to have the same information, i.e. I can go to bytes[1000] and read the colour information for that pixel. It turns out that my array of bytes is larger than I anticipated. I thought I'd get an array with 2480 x 3507 = 8697360 elements. Instead I get an array with 8698438 elements - some sort of header I presume. In what format the bytes in my array stored? Is there a header 1078 bytes long followed by Alpha, Red, Green, Blue values for every byte element, or something else?

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• FFMPEG Segfault Solutions

  - by Brentley_11

  I'm trying to convert a bunch of movies into h.264 mp4's using FFMPEG. These movies are sourced from various portable camcorders such as the Flip Mino HD and the Kodak ZI8. One issue I'm having with video from the ZI8 is it seems to be causing FFMPEG to segfault. Here is my command: ffmpeg -i 'XmasSailor720p60fps.MOV' -threads 2 -acodec libfaac -ab 96kb -vcodec libx264 -vpre hq -b 500kb -s 484x272 XmasSailor.mp4 Here is the output: FFmpeg version SVN-r20668, Copyright (c) 2000-2009 Fabrice Bellard, et al. built on Dec 2 2009 18:37:34 with gcc 4.2.4 (Ubuntu 4.2.4-1ubuntu4) configuration: --enable-libfaac --enable-libfaad --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libx264 --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --enable-shared libavutil 50. 5. 1 / 50. 5. 1 libavcodec 52.42. 0 / 52.42. 0 libavformat 52.39. 2 / 52.39. 2 libavdevice 52. 2. 0 / 52. 2. 0 libswscale 0. 7. 2 / 0. 7. 2 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 Seems stream 0 codec frame rate differs from container frame rate: 59.94 (60000/1001) -> 29.97 (30000/1001) Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'XmasSailor720p60fps.MOV': Duration: 00:00:05.37, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 12021 kb/s Stream #0.0(eng): Video: h264, yuv420p, 1280x720 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 11994 kb/s, 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 128 kb/s Metadata major_brand : qt minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: qt comment : KODAK Zi8 Pocket Video Camera comment-eng : KODAK Zi8 Pocket Video Camera [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]using SAR=1/1 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 FastShuffle SSE4.1 Cache64 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]profile High, level 2.1 Output #0, mp4, to 'XmasSailor.mp4': Stream #0.0(eng): Video: libx264, yuv420p, 484x272 [PAR 1:1 DAR 121:68], q=10-51, 500 kb/s, 30k tbn, 29.97 tbc Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 96 kb/s Metadata comment : Encoded with the Statusfirm Video Transcoder Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1 Press [q] to stop encoding [h264 @ 0x99de950]B picture before any references, skipping [h264 @ 0x99de950]decode_slice_header error [h264 @ 0x99de950]no frame! Error while decoding stream #0.0 [h264 @ 0x99de950]B picture before any references, skipping [h264 @ 0x99de950]decode_slice_header error [h264 @ 0x99de950]no frame! Error while decoding stream #0.0 frame= 20 fps= 0 q=13797729.0 size= 0kB time=0.66 bitrate= 0.6kbits/s frame= 39 fps= 37 q=13797729.0 size= 0kB time=1.30 bitrate= 0.3kbits/s frame= 48 fps= 30 q=33.0 size= 11kB time=0.10 bitrate= 903.0kbits/s frame= 58 fps= 27 q=31.0 size= 22kB time=0.43 bitrate= 421.0kbits/s frame= 67 fps= 25 q=29.0 size= 41kB time=0.73 bitrate= 462.6kbits/s frame= 75 fps= 23 q=29.0 size= 59kB time=1.00 bitrate= 486.7kbits/s frame= 83 fps= 22 q=29.0 size= 81kB time=1.27 bitrate= 521.9kbits/s frame= 90 fps= 21 q=29.0 size= 97kB time=1.50 bitrate= 530.1kbits/s frame= 98 fps= 20 q=29.0 size= 114kB time=1.77 bitrate= 526.9kbits/s frame= 106 fps= 20 q=29.0 size= 134kB time=2.04 bitrate= 537.7kbits/s frame= 114 fps= 19 q=29.0 size= 150kB time=2.30 bitrate= 533.7kbits/s frame= 122 fps= 19 q=29.0 size= 172kB time=2.57 bitrate= 547.8kbits/s frame= 130 fps= 19 q=29.0 size= 193kB time=2.84 bitrate= 557.5kbits/s frame= 136 fps= 18 q=29.0 size= 211kB time=3.04 bitrate= 570.0kbits/s frame= 144 fps= 18 q=29.0 size= 242kB time=3.30 bitrate= 599.5kbits/s frame= 152 fps= 17 q=30.0 size= 261kB time=3.57 bitrate= 598.6kbits/s frame= 157 fps= 15 q=-1.0 Lsize= 368kB time=5.21 bitrate= 579.3kbits/s video:302kB audio:61kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 1.416371% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]frame I:1 Avg QP:27.22 size: 8720 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]frame P:48 Avg QP:25.15 size: 3759 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]frame B:108 Avg QP:30.10 size: 1105 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]consecutive B-frames: 0.6% 11.5% 28.8% 59.0% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]mb I I16..4: 28.5% 47.6% 23.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]mb P I16..4: 0.8% 1.3% 0.5% P16..4: 50.6% 17.7% 13.1% 0.0% 0.0% skip:15.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]mb B I16..4: 0.2% 0.3% 0.1% B16..8: 44.0% 1.2% 2.6% direct: 5.1% skip:46.5% L0:45.5% L1:51.0% BI: 3.5% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]final ratefactor: 23.51 [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]8x8 transform intra:49.9% inter:67.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]direct mvs spatial:98.1% temporal:1.9% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 54.7% 76.1% 41.4% inter: 17.1% 24.4% 7.8% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]i16 v,h,dc,p: 18% 52% 5% 25% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 12% 22% 9% 7% 10% 10% 9% 8% 13% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 13% 18% 8% 8% 10% 13% 10% 9% 12% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]Weighted P-Frames: Y:10.4% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]ref P L0: 60.2% 15.3% 11.0% 7.6% 5.2% 0.7% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]ref B L0: 72.6% 15.6% 11.8% [libx264 @ 0x99e1020]kb/s:471.17 Segmentation fault I'm wondering if anyone else has ran into similar issues. I wasn't able to find anything helpful via Google. Another question I have is if anyone knows of a company that offers paid support for FFMPEG. Thank you for your time.

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• How would you sample a real-time stream of coordinates to create a Speed Graph?

  - by Andrew Johnson

  I have a GPS device, and I am receiving continuous points, which I store in an array. These points are time stamped. I would like to graph distance/time (speed) vs. distance in real-time; however, I can only plot 50 of the points because of hardware constraints. How would you select points from the array to graph? For example, one algorithm might be to select every Nth point from the array, where N results in 50 points total. Code: float indexModifier = 1; if (MIN(50,track.lastPointIndex) == 50) { indexModifier = track.lastPointIndex/50.0f; } index = ceil(index*indexModifier); Another algorithm might be to keep an array of 50 points, and throw out the point with the least speed change each time you get a new point.

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• Code Golf: Spider webs

  - by LiraNuna

  The challenge The shortest code by character count to output a spider web with rings equal to user's input. A spider web is started by reconstructing the center ring: \_|_/ _/ \_ \___/ / | \ Then adding rings equal to the amount entered by the user. A ring is another level of a "spider circles" made from \ / | and _, and wraps the center circle. Input is always guaranteed to be a single positive integer. Test cases Input 1 Output \__|__/ /\_|_/\ _/_/ \_\_ \ \___/ / \/_|_\/ / | \ Input 4 Output \_____|_____/ /\____|____/\ / /\___|___/\ \ / / /\__|__/\ \ \ / / / /\_|_/\ \ \ \ _/_/_/_/_/ \_\_\_\_\_ \ \ \ \ \___/ / / / / \ \ \ \/_|_\/ / / / \ \ \/__|__\/ / / \ \/___|___\/ / \/____|____\/ / | \ Input: 7 Output: \________|________/ /\_______|_______/\ / /\______|______/\ \ / / /\_____|_____/\ \ \ / / / /\____|____/\ \ \ \ / / / / /\___|___/\ \ \ \ \ / / / / / /\__|__/\ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / /\_|_/\ \ \ \ \ \ \ _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \___/ / / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \ \/_|_\/ / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \/__|__\/ / / / / / \ \ \ \ \/___|___\/ / / / / \ \ \ \/____|____\/ / / / \ \ \/_____|_____\/ / / \ \/______|______\/ / \/_______|_______\/ / | \ Code count includes input/output (i.e full program).

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• HLSL How to flip geometry horizontally

  - by cubrman

  I want to flip my asymmetric 3d model horizontally in the vertex shader alongside an arbitrary plane parallel to the YZ plane. This should switch everything for the model from the left hand side to the right hand side (like flipping it in Photoshop). Doing it in pixel shader would be a huge computational cost (extra RT, more fullscreen samples...), so it must be done in the vertex shader. Once more: this is NOT reflection, i need to flip THE WHOLE MODEL. I thought I could simply do the following: Turn off culling. Run the following code in the vertex shader: input.Position = mul(input.Position, World); // World[3][0] holds x value of the model's pivot in the World. if (input.Position.x <= World[3][0]) input.Position.x += World[3][0] - input.Position.x; else input.Position.x -= input.Position.x - World[3][0]; ... The model is never drawn. Where am I wrong? I presume that messes up the index buffer. Can something be done about it? P.S. it's INSANELY HARD to format code here. Thanks to Panda I found my problem. SOLUTION: // Do thins before anything else in the vertex shader. Position.x *= -1; // To invert alongside the object's YZ plane.

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• Detect how many times the users have click the button...

  - by Jerry

  Hello guys. Just want to know if there is a way to detect how many times a user has clicked a button by using Jquery. My main application has a button that can add input fields depend on the users. He/She can adds as many input fields as they need. When they submit the form, The add page will add the data to my database. My current idea is to create a hidden input field and set the value to zero. Every time a user clicks the button, jquery would update the attribute of the hidden input field value. Then the "add page" can detect the loop time. See the example below. I just want to know if there are better practices to do this. Thanks for the helps. main page <form method='post' action='add.php'> //omit <input type="hidden" id="add" name="add" value="0"/> <input type="button" id="addMatch" value="Add a match"/> //omit </form> jquery $(document).ready(function(){ var a =0; $("#addMatch").live('click', function(){ $('#table').append("<input name='match"+a+"Name' />") //the input field will append //as many as the user wants. a++; $('#add').attr('value', 'a'); //pass the a value to hidden input field return false; }); Add Page $a=$_POST['a']; // for($k=0;$k<$a;$k++){ //get all matchName input field $matchName=$_POST['match'.$k.'Name']; //insert the match $updateQuery=mysql_query("INSERT INTO game (team) values('$matchName')",$connection); if(!$updateQuery){ DIE('mysql Error:'+mysql_error()); }

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• problem with fork()

  - by john

  I'm writing a shell which forks, with the parent reading the input and the child process parsing and executing it with execvp. pseudocode of main method: do{ pid = fork(); print pid; if (p<0) { error; exit; } if (p>0) { wait for child to finish; read input; } else { call function to parse input; exit; } }while condition return; what happens is that i never seem to enter the child process (pid printed is always positive, i never enter the else). however, if i don't call the parse function and just have else exit, i do correctly enter parent and child alternatingly. full code: int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ char input[500]; pid_t p; int firstrun = 1; do{ p = fork(); printf("PID: %d", p); if (p < 0) {printf("Error forking"); exit(-1);} if (p > 0){ wait(NULL); firstrun = 0; printf("\n> "); bzero(input, 500); fflush(stdout); read(0, input, 499); input[strlen(input)-1] = '\0'; } else exit(0); else { if (parse(input) != 0 && firstrun != 1) { printf("Error parsing"); exit(-1); } exit(0); } }while(strcmp(input, "exit") != 0); return 0; }

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• jQuery - I'm getting unexpected outputs from a basic math formula.

  - by OllieMcCarthy

  Hi I would like to start by saying I'd greatly appreciate anyones help on this. I have built a small caculator to calculate the amount a consumer can save annually on energy by installing a ground heat pump or solar panels. As far as I can tell the mathematical formulas are correct and my client verified this yesterday when I showed him the code. Two problems. The first is that the calculator is outputting ridiculously large numbers for the first result. The second problem is that the solar result is only working when there are no zeros in the fields. Are there some quirks as to how one would write mathematical formulas in JS or jQuery? Any help greatly appreciated. Here is the link - http://www.olliemccarthy.com/test/johncmurphy/?page_id=249 And here is the code for the entire function - $jq(document).ready(function(){ // Energy Bill Saver // Declare Variables var A = ""; // Input for Oil var B = ""; // Input for Storage Heater var C = ""; // Input for Natural Gas var D = ""; // Input for LPG var E = ""; // Input for Coal var F = ""; // Input for Wood Pellets var G = ""; // Input for Number of Occupants var J = ""; var K = ""; var H = ""; var I = ""; // Declare Constants var a = "0.0816"; // Rate for Oil var b = "0.0963"; // Rate for NightRate var c = "0.0558"; // Rate for Gas var d = "0.1579"; // Rate for LPG var e = "0.121"; // Rate for Coal var f = "0.0828"; // Rate for Pellets var g = "0.02675"; // Rate for Heat Pump var x = "1226.4"; // Splittin up I to avoid error var S1 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S2 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S3 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S4 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S5 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I var S6 = ""; // Splitting up the calcuation for I // Calculate H (Ground Sourced Heat Pump) $jq(".es-calculate").click(function(){ $jq(".es-result-wrap").slideDown(300); A = $jq("input.es-oil").val(); B = $jq("input.es-storage").val(); C = $jq("input.es-gas").val(); D = $jq("input.es-lpg").val(); E = $jq("input.es-coal").val(); F = $jq("input.es-pellets").val(); G = $jq("input.es-occupants").val(); J = ( A / a ) + ( B / b ) + ( C / c ) + ( D / d ) + ( E / e ) + ( F / f ) ; H = A + B + C + D + E + F - ( J * g ) ; K = ( G * x ) ; if ( A !== "0" ) { S1 = ( ( ( A / a ) / J ) * K * a ) ; } else { S1 = "0" ; } if ( B !== "0" ) { S2 = ( ( ( B / b ) / J ) * K * b ) ; } else { S2 = "0" ; } if ( C !== "0" ) { S3 = ( ( ( C / c ) / J ) * K * c ) ; } else { S3 = "0" ; } if ( D !== "0" ) { S4 = ( ( ( D / d ) / J ) * K * d ) ; } else { S4 = "0" ; } if ( E !== "0" ) { S5 = ( ( ( E / e ) / J ) * K * e ) ; } else { S5 = "0" ; } if ( F !== "0" ) { S6 = ( ( ( F / f ) / J ) * K * f ) ; } else { S6 = "0" ; } I = S1 + S2 + S3 + S4 + S5 + S6 ; if(!isNaN(H)) {$jq("span.es-result-span-h").text(H.toFixed(2));} else{$jq("span.es-result-span-h").text('Error: Please enter numerals only');} if(!isNaN(I)) {$jq("span.es-result-span-i").text(I.toFixed(2));} else{$jq("span.es-result-span-i").text('Error: Please enter numerals only');} }); });

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• Oh no! My padding's invalid!

  - by Simon Cooper

  Recently, I've been doing some work involving cryptography, and encountered the standard .NET CryptographicException: 'Padding is invalid and cannot be removed.' Searching on StackOverflow produces 57 questions concerning this exception; it's a very common problem encountered. So I decided to have a closer look. To test this, I created a simple project that decrypts and encrypts a byte array: // create some random data byte[] data = new byte[100]; new Random().NextBytes(data); // use the Rijndael symmetric algorithm RijndaelManaged rij = new RijndaelManaged(); byte[] encrypted; // encrypt the data using a CryptoStream using (var encryptor = rij.CreateEncryptor()) using (MemoryStream encryptedStream = new MemoryStream()) using (CryptoStream crypto = new CryptoStream( encryptedStream, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) { crypto.Write(data, 0, data.Length); encrypted = encryptedStream.ToArray(); } byte[] decrypted; // and decrypt it again using (var decryptor = rij.CreateDecryptor()) using (CryptoStream crypto = new CryptoStream( new MemoryStream(encrypted), decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read)) { byte[] decrypted = new byte[data.Length]; crypto.Read(decrypted, 0, decrypted.Length); } Sure enough, I got exactly the same CryptographicException when trying to decrypt the data even in this simple example. Well, I'm obviously missing something, if I can't even get this single method right! What does the exception message actually mean? What am I missing? Well, after playing around a bit, I discovered the problem was fixed by changing the encryption step to this: // encrypt the data using a CryptoStream using (var encryptor = rij.CreateEncryptor()) using (MemoryStream encryptedStream = new MemoryStream()) { using (CryptoStream crypto = new CryptoStream( encryptedStream, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) { crypto.Write(data, 0, data.Length); } encrypted = encryptedStream.ToArray(); } Aaaah, so that's what the problem was. The CryptoStream wasn't flushing all it's data to the MemoryStream before it was being read, and closing the stream causes it to flush everything to the backing stream. But why does this cause an error in padding? Cryptographic padding All symmetric encryption algorithms (of which Rijndael is one) operates on fixed block sizes. For Rijndael, the default block size is 16 bytes. This means the input needs to be a multiple of 16 bytes long. If it isn't, then the input is padded to 16 bytes using one of the padding modes. This is only done to the final block of data to be encrypted. CryptoStream has a special method to flush this final block of data - FlushFinalBlock. Calling Stream.Flush() does not flush the final block, as you might expect. Only by closing the stream or explicitly calling FlushFinalBlock is the final block, with any padding, encrypted and written to the backing stream. Without this call, the encrypted data is 16 bytes shorter than it should be. If this final block wasn't written, then the decryption gets to the final 16 bytes of the encrypted data and tries to decrypt it as the final block with padding. The end bytes don't match the padding scheme it's been told to use, therefore it throws an exception stating what is wrong - what the decryptor expects to be padding actually isn't, and so can't be removed from the stream. So, as well as closing the stream before reading the result, an alternative fix to my encryption code is the following: // encrypt the data using a CryptoStream using (var encryptor = rij.CreateEncryptor()) using (MemoryStream encryptedStream = new MemoryStream()) using (CryptoStream crypto = new CryptoStream( encryptedStream, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) { crypto.Write(data, 0, data.Length); // explicitly flush the final block of data crypto.FlushFinalBlock(); encrypted = encryptedStream.ToArray(); } Conclusion So, if your padding is invalid, make sure that you close or call FlushFinalBlock on any CryptoStream performing encryption before you access the encrypted data. Flush isn't enough. Only then will the final block be present in the encrypted data, allowing it to be decrypted successfully.

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• what is the file: C:\nppdf32Log\debuglog.txt

  - by Jesse

  Hello Everyone After I updated to 12.04, a file named " C:\nppdf32Log\debuglog.txt" occurs in my home directory, the content of the file is as the follow: NPP_Initialize : called NPP_GetValue is called NPP_SetWindow : called for instance 920c0e28 Window from browser - 77594625 NPP_SetWindow : called for instance 920c0e28 Window from browser - 77594625 NPP_SetWindow : called for instance 920c0e28 Window from browser - 77594625 NPP_NewStream : called for instance 920c0e28, stream 913403b0, URL http://www.xxxxxx.com/attachments/soft/CDGM%20Optical%20Glass%20Catalog.pdf, stream size 36177984, seekable 1 NPP_Write : called for instance 920c0e28, stream 913403b0, offset = 0, length = 16384, streamlength = 36177984 Trying for window attributes Trying for query tree NPP_Write : called for instance 920c0e28, stream 913403b0, offset = 16384, length = 16384, streamlength = 36177984 Trying for window attributes Trying for query tree ...... It seems this file is related to FireFox,what's exactly the problem? many thanks for your help!

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• Using javascript to add form fields, but what will the new name be?

  - by user1322844

  After reading this post: using javascript to add form fields.. but below, not to the side? I've made the button work! But I don't know how to receive the output. This is what I entered. var counter = 0; function addNew() { // Get the main Div in which all the other divs will be added var mainContainer = document.getElementById('mainContainer'); // Create a new div for holding text and button input elements var newDiv = document.createElement('div'); // Create a new text input var newText = document.createElement('input'); newText.type = "input"; newText.maxlength = "50"; newText.maxlimit = "50"; newText.size = "60"; newText.value = counter; // Create a new button input var newDelButton = document.createElement('input'); newDelButton.type = "button"; newDelButton.value = "Delete"; // Append new text input to the newDiv newDiv.appendChild(newText); // Append new button input to the newDiv newDiv.appendChild(newDelButton); // Append newDiv input to the mainContainer div mainContainer.appendChild(newDiv); counter++; // Add a handler to button for deleting the newDiv from the mainContainer newDelButton.onclick = function() { mainContainer.removeChild(newDiv); } } </script> With this in the form: <input type="button" size="3" cols="30" value="Add" onClick="addNew()"> So, what will the new field names be? I don't understand enough of the coding to figure out what I'm telling it to. Good thing there are other smart folks out there for me to lean on! Thanks for any answers.

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• Changes to the LINQ-to-StreamInsight Dialect

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  In previous versions of StreamInsight (1.0 through 2.0), CepStream<> represents temporal streams of many varieties: Streams with ‘open’ inputs (e.g., those defined and composed over CepStream<T>.Create(string streamName) Streams with ‘partially bound’ inputs (e.g., those defined and composed over CepStream<T>.Create(Type adapterFactory, …)) Streams with fully bound inputs (e.g., those defined and composed over To*Stream – sequences or DQC) The stream may be embedded (where Server.Create is used) The stream may be remote (where Server.Connect is used) When adding support for new programming primitives in StreamInsight 2.1, we faced a choice: Add a fourth variety (use CepStream<> to represent streams that are bound the new programming model constructs), or introduce a separate type that represents temporal streams in the new user model. We opted for the latter. Introducing a new type has the effect of reducing the number of (confusing) runtime failures due to inappropriate uses of CepStream<> instances in the incorrect context. The new types are: IStreamable<>, which logically represents a temporal stream. IQStreamable<> : IStreamable<>, which represents a queryable temporal stream. Its relationship to IStreamable<> is analogous to the relationship of IQueryable<> to IEnumerable<>. The developer can compose temporal queries over remote stream sources using this type. The syntax of temporal queries composed over IQStreamable<> is mostly consistent with the syntax of our existing CepStream<>-based LINQ provider. However, we have taken the opportunity to refine certain aspects of the language surface. Differences are outlined below. Because 2.1 introduces new types to represent temporal queries, the changes outlined in this post do no impact existing StreamInsight applications using the existing types! SelectMany StreamInsight does not support the SelectMany operator in its usual form (which is analogous to SQL’s “CROSS APPLY” operator): static IEnumerable<R> SelectMany<T, R>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, IEnumerable<R>> collectionSelector) It instead uses SelectMany as a convenient syntactic representation of an inner join. The parameter to the selector function is thus unavailable. Because the parameter isn’t supported, its type in StreamInsight 1.0 – 2.0 wasn’t carefully scrutinized. Unfortunately, the type chosen for the parameter is nonsensical to LINQ programmers: static CepStream<R> SelectMany<T, R>(this CepStream<T> source, Expression<Func<CepStream<T>, CepStream<R>>> streamSelector) Using Unit as the type for the parameter accurately reflects the StreamInsight’s capabilities: static IQStreamable<R> SelectMany<T, R>(this IQStreamable<T> source, Expression<Func<Unit, IQStreamable<R>>> streamSelector) For queries that succeed – that is, queries that do not reference the stream selector parameter – there is no difference between the code written for the two overloads: from x in xs from y in ys select f(x, y) Top-K The Take operator used in StreamInsight causes confusion for LINQ programmers because it is applied to the (unbounded) stream rather than the (bounded) window, suggesting that the query as a whole will return k rows: (from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from x in win orderby x.A select x.B).Take(k) The use of SelectMany is also unfortunate in this context because it implies the availability of the window parameter within the remainder of the comprehension. The following compiles but fails at runtime: (from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from x in win orderby x.A select win).Take(k) The Take operator in 2.1 is applied to the window rather than the stream: Before After (from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from x in win orderby x.A select x.B).Take(k) from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from b in     (from x in win     orderby x.A     select x.B).Take(k) select b Multicast We are introducing an explicit multicast operator in order to preserve expression identity, which is important given the semantics about moving code to and from StreamInsight. This also better matches existing LINQ dialects, such as Reactive. This pattern enables expressing multicasting in two ways: Implicit Explicit var ys = from x in xs          where x.A > 1          select x; var zs = from y1 in ys          from y2 in ys.ShiftEventTime(_ => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))          select y1 + y2; var ys = from x in xs          where x.A > 1          select x; var zs = ys.Multicast(ys1 =>     from y1 in ys1     from y2 in ys1.ShiftEventTime(_ => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))     select y1 + y2; Notice the product translates an expression using implicit multicast into an expression using the explicit multicast operator. The user does not see this translation. Default window policies Only default window policies are supported in the new surface. Other policies can be simulated by using AlterEventLifetime. Before After xs.SnapshotWindow(     WindowInputPolicy.ClipToWindow,     SnapshotWindowInputPolicy.Clip) xs.SnapshotWindow() xs.TumblingWindow(     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),     HoppingWindowOutputPolicy.PointAlignToWindowEnd) xs.TumblingWindow(     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)) xs.TumblingWindow(     TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),     HoppingWindowOutputPolicy.ClipToWindowEnd) Not supported … LeftAntiJoin Representation of LASJ as a correlated sub-query in the LINQ surface is problematic as the StreamInsight engine does not support correlated sub-queries (see discussion of SelectMany). The current syntax requires the introduction of an otherwise unsupported ‘IsEmpty()’ operator. As a result, the pattern is not discoverable and implies capabilities not present in the server. The direct representation of LASJ is used instead: Before After from x in xs where     (from y in ys     where x.A > y.B     select y).IsEmpty() select x xs.LeftAntiJoin(ys, (x, y) => x.A > y.B) from x in xs where     (from y in ys     where x.A == y.B     select y).IsEmpty() select x xs.LeftAntiJoin(ys, x => x.A, y => y.B) ApplyWithUnion The ApplyWithUnion methods have been deprecated since their signatures are redundant given the standard SelectMany overloads: Before After xs.GroupBy(x => x.A).ApplyWithUnion(gs => from win in gs.SnapshotWindow() select win.Count()) xs.GroupBy(x => x.A).SelectMany(     gs =>     from win in gs.SnapshotWindow()     select win.Count()) xs.GroupBy(x => x.A).ApplyWithUnion(gs => from win in gs.SnapshotWindow() select win.Count(), r => new { r.Key, Count = r.Payload }) from x in xs group x by x.A into gs from win in gs.SnapshotWindow() select new { gs.Key, Count = win.Count() } Alternate UDO syntax The representation of UDOs in the StreamInsight LINQ dialect confuses cardinalities. Based on the semantics of user-defined operators in StreamInsight, one would expect to construct queries in the following form: from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from y in MyUdo(win) select y Instead, the UDO proxy method is referenced within a projection, and the (many) results returned by the user code are automatically flattened into a stream: from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() select MyUdo(win) The “many-or-one” confusion is exemplified by the following example that compiles but fails at runtime: from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() select MyUdo(win) + win.Count() The above query must fail because the UDO is in fact returning many values per window while the count aggregate is returning one. Original syntax New alternate syntax from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() select win.UdoProxy(1) from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from y in win.UserDefinedOperator(() => new Udo(1)) select y -or- from win in xs.SnapshotWindow() from y in win.UdoMacro(1) select y Notice that this formulation also sidesteps the dynamic type pitfalls of the existing “proxy method” approach to UDOs, in which the type of the UDO implementation (TInput, TOuput) and the type of its constructor arguments (TConfig) need to align in a precise and non-obvious way with the argument and return types for the corresponding proxy method. UDSO syntax UDSO currently leverages the DataContractSerializer to clone initial state for logical instances of the user operator. Initial state will instead be described by an expression in the new LINQ surface. Before After xs.Scan(new Udso()) xs.Scan(() => new Udso()) Name changes ShiftEventTime => AlterEventStartTime: The alter event lifetime overload taking a new start time value has been renamed. CountByStartTimeWindow => CountWindow

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• [iptables] Why do 'iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT' at the end of the chain OUTPUT override the previous rules??

  - by Serge

  Those are my IPTABLES rules: iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name DEFAULT --rsource iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m recent --update --seconds 180 --hitcount 4 --name DEFAULT --rsource -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT Im using a remote ssh conetion to set them up, but after i set: iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT My connection get lost. I have read all the documentation for Iptables and i can figure out anything, the global Rejects for INPUT work well because i can access to the web page but i get a timeout for ssh. Any idea? Thanks

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