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  • Replacing backslashes in Python strings

    - by user323659
    I have some code to encrypt some strings in Python. Encrypted text is used as a parameter in some urls, but after encrypting, there comes backslashes in string and I cannot use single backslash in urllib2.urlopen. I cannot replace single backslash with double. For example: print cipherText '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' print cipherText.replace('\\','\\\\') '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' Also putting r in front of \ in replace statement did not worked. All I want to do is calling that kind of url: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb" And also this url can be successfully called: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\\t3-@\\xab7+\\xc7\\x93H\\xdc\\xd1\\x13G\\xe1\\xfb" Any idea will be appreciated.

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  • SGML Parser in Python

    - by afg102
    I am completely new to Python. I have the following code: class ExtractTitle(sgmllib.SGMLParser): def __init__(self, verbose=0): sgmllib.SGMLParser.__init__(self, verbose) self.title = self.data = None def handle_data(self, data): if self.data is not None: self.data.append(data) def start_title(self, attrs): self.data = [] def end_title(self): self.title = string.join(self.data, "") raise FoundTitle # abort parsing! which extracts the title element from SGML, however it only works for a single title. I know I have to overload the unknown_starttag and unknown_endtag in order to get all titles but I keep getting it wrong. Help me please!!!

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  • IDLE wont start Python 2.6.5

    - by anteater7171
    I was using it as my primary text editor for quite sometime. However, one day it just stopped working. This had happened to me several times before, so I simply tried to end all procceses using windows task manager. However that didn't work. I've recently tried getting it to work again. Whenever I try to reopen it it informs me that it's subprocess couldn't connect. I tried uninstalling it and reinstalling it, yet the problem persists. Anyone have any other solutions? Important facts: Windows 7, Python 2.6.5

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  • Why is '\x' invalid in Python?

    - by Paul McGuire
    I was experimenting with '\' characters, using '\a\b\c...' just to enumerate for myself which characters Python interprets as control characters, and to what. Here's what I found: \a - BELL \b - BACKSPACE \f - FORMFEED \n - LINEFEED \r - RETURN \t - TAB \v - VERTICAL TAB Most of the other characters I tried, '\g', '\s', etc. just evaluate to the 2-character string of a backslash and the given character. I understand this is intentional, and makes sense to me. But '\x' is a problem. When my script reaches this source line: val = "\x" I get: ValueError: invalid \x escape What is so special about '\x'? Why is it treated differently from the other non-escaped characters?

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  • Python Textwrap - forcing 'hard' breaks

    - by Tom Werner
    I am trying to use textwrap to format an import file that is quite particular in how it is formatted. Basically, it is as follows (line length shortened for simplicity): abcdef <- Ok line abcdef ghijk <- Note leading space to indicate wrapped line lm Now, I have got code to work as follows: wrapper = TextWrapper(width=80, subsequent_indent=' ', break_long_words=True, break_on_hyphens=False) for l in lines: wrapline=wrapper.wrap(l) This works nearly perfectly, however, the text wrapping code doesn't do a hard break at the 80 character mark, it tries to be smart and break on a space (at approx 20 chars in). I have got round this by replacing all spaces in the string list with a unique character (#), wrapping them and then removing the character, but surely there must be a cleaner way? N.B Any possible answers need to work on Python 2.4 - sorry!

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  • python writing a list to a file

    - by gfar90
    I need to write a list to a file in python. I know the list should be converted to a string with the join method, but since I have a tuple I got confused. I tried a lot to change my variables to strings etc, this is one of my first attempts: def perform(text): repository = [("","")] fdist = nltk.FreqDist(some_variable) for c in some_variable: repository.append((c, fdist[c])) return ' '.join(repository) but it gives me the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in qe = perform(entfile2) File "", line 14, in perform return ' '.join(repository) TypeError: sequence item 0: expected string, tuple found any ideas how to write the list 'repository' to a file? Thanks!

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  • How to test a regex password in Python?

    - by jCuga
    Using a regex in Python, how can I verify that a user's password is: At least 8 characters Must be restricted to, though does not specifically require any of: uppercase letters: A-Z lowercase letters: a-z numbers: 0-9 any of the special characters: @#$%^&+= Note, all the letter/number/special chars are optional. I only want to verify that the password is at least 8 chars in length and is restricted to a letter/number/special char. It's up to the user to pick a stronger / weaker password if they so choose. So far what I have is: import re pattern = "^.*(?=.{8,})(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[@#$%^&+=]).*$" password = raw_input("Enter string to test: ") result = re.findall(pattern, password) if (result): print "Valid password" else: print "Password not valid"

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  • % confuses python raw sql query

    - by Jonathan
    Following this SO question, I'm trying to "truncate" all tables related to a certain django application using the following raw sql commands in python: cursor.execute("set foreign_key_checks = 0") cursor.execute("select concat('truncate table ',table_schema,'.',table_name,';') as sql_stmt from information_schema.tables where table_schema = 'my_db' and table_type = 'base table' AND table_name LIKE 'some_prefix%'") for sql in [sql[0] for sql in cursor.fetchall()]: cursor.execute(sql) cursor.execute("set foreign_key_checks = 1") Alas I receive the following error: C:\dev\my_project>my_script.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\dev\my_project\my_script.py", line 295, in <module> cursor.execute(r"select concat('truncate table ',table_schema,'.',table_name,';') as sql_stmt from information_schema.tables where table_schema = 'my_db' and table_type = 'base table' AND table_name LIKE 'some_prefix%'") File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\util.py", line 18, in execute sql = self.db.ops.last_executed_query(self.cursor, sql, params) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\__init__.py", line 216, in last_executed_query return smart_unicode(sql) % u_params TypeError: not enough arguments for format string Is the % in the LIKE making trouble? How can I workaround it?

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  • Python - Memory Leak

    - by Dave
    I'm working on solving a memory leak in my Python application. Here's the thing - it really only appears to happen on Windows Server 2008 (not R2) but not earlier versions of Windows, and it also doesn't look like it's happening on Linux (although I haven't done nearly as much testing on Linux). To troubleshoot it, I set up debugging on the garbage collector: gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE | gc.DEBUG_INSTANCES | gc.DEBUG_OBJECTS) Then, periodically, I log the contents of gc.garbage. Thing is, gc.garbage is always empty, yet my memory usage goes up and up and up. Very puzzling.

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  • Python - Create a list with initial capacity

    - by Claudiu
    Code like this often happens: l = [] while foo: #baz l.append(bar) #qux This is really slow if you're about to append thousands of elements to your list, as the list will have to constantly be re-initialized to grow. (I understand that lists aren't just wrappers around some array-type-thing, but something more complicated. I think this still applies, though; let me know if not). In Java, you can create an ArrayList with an initial capacity. If you have some idea how big your list will be, this will be a lot more efficient. I understand that code like this can often be re-factored into a list comprehension. If the for/while loop is very complicated, though, this is unfeasible. Is there any equivalent for us python programmers?

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  • Convert Python 3.x snippet to C#/LINQ.

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    I want to sort elements of a HashSet<string> and join them by a ; character. Python interpreter version: >>> st = {'jhg', 'uywer', 'nbcm', 'utr'} >>> strng = ';'.join(sorted(s)) >>> strng 'ASD;anmbh;ashgg;jhghjg' C# signature of a method I seek: private string getVersionsSorted(HashSet<string> versions); I can do this without using Linq, but I really want to learn it better. Many thanks!

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  • Writing Strings to files in python

    - by Leif Andersen
    I'm getting the following error when trying to write a string to a file in pythion: Traceback (most recent call last): File "export_off.py", line 264, in execute save_off(self.properties.path, context) File "export_off.py", line 244, in save_off primary.write(file) File "export_off.py", line 181, in write variable.write(file) File "export_off.py", line 118, in write file.write(self.value) TypeError: must be bytes or buffer, not str I basically have a string class, which contains a string: class _off_str(object): __slots__ = 'value' def __init__(self, val=""): self.value=val def get_size(self): return SZ_SHORT def write(self,file): file.write(self.value) def __str__(self): return str(self.value) Furthermore, I'm calling that class like this: def write(self, file): for variable in self.variables: variable.write(file) I have no idea what is going on. I've seen other python programs writing strings to files, so why can't this one? Thank you very much for your help.

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  • Finding the most similar numbers across multiple lists in Python

    - by new_sysadmin
    In Python, I have 3 lists of floating-point numbers (angles), in the range 0-360, and the lists are not the same length. I need to find the triplet (with 1 number from each list) in which the numbers are the closest. (It's highly unlikely that any of the numbers will be identical, since this is real-world data.) I was thinking of using a simple lowest-standard-deviation method to measure agreement, but I'm not sure of a good way to implement this. I could loop through each list, comparing the standard deviation of every possible combination using nested for loops, and have a temporary variable save the indices of the triplet that agrees the best, but I was wondering if anyone had a better or more elegant way to do something like this. Thanks!

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  • python -> combinations of numbers and letters

    - by tekknolagi
    #!/usr/bin/python import random lower_a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] upper_a = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'] num = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] all = [] all = " ".join("".join(lower_a) + "".join(upper_a) + "".join(num)) all = all.split() x = 1 c = 1 while x < 10: y = [] for i in range(c): a = random.choice(all) y.append(a) print "".join(y) x += 1 c += 1 what i have now outputs something like the following: 5 hE HAy 1kgy Pt6JM 2pFuCb Jv5osaX 5q8PwWAO SvHWRKfI5 how can i make it systematically go through every combination of letters (upper and lowercase) for a given length, then add 1 to that length and repeat the process?

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  • Parent Thread exiting before Child Threads [python]

    - by crgwbr
    I'm using Python in a webapp (CGI for testing, FastCGI for production) that needs to send an occasional email (when a user registers or something else important happens). Since communicating with an SMTP server takes a long time, I'd like to spawn a thread for the mail function so that the rest of the app can finish up the request without waiting for the email to finish sending. I tried using thread.start_new(func, (args)), but the Parent return's and exits before the sending is complete, thereby killing the sending process before it does anything useful. Is there anyway to keep the process alive long enough for the child process to finish?

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  • getting smallest of coordinates that differ by N or more in Python

    - by user248237
    suppose I have a list of coordinates: data = [[(10, 20), (100, 120), (0, 5), (50, 60)], [(13, 20), (300, 400), (100, 120), (51, 62)]] and I want to take all tuples that either appear in each list in data, or any tuple that differs from all tuples in lists other than its own by 3 or less. How can I do this efficiently in Python? For the above example, the results should be: [[(100, 120), # since it occurs in both lists (10, 20), (13, 20), # since they differ by only 3 (50, 60), (51, 60)]] (0, 5) and (300, 400) would not be included, since they don't appear in both lists and are not different from elements in lists other than their own by 3 or less. how can this be computed? thanks.

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  • File/module structure in Python

    - by keithjgrant
    So I'm just getting started with Python, and currently working my way through diveintopython.org. The code examples are nice, but the vast majority of them are little four-line snippets, and I want to see a little more of the big picture. As I understand it--and correct me if I'm wrong--each '.py' file becomes a "module", and a group of modules in a directory becomes a "package" (at least, it does if I create a __init__.py file in that directory). What is it if I don't have a __init__.py file? So what does each "module" file look like? Do I generally define only one class in the file? Does anything else go in that file besides the class definition and maybe a handful of import commands?

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  • Run and terminate a prgram (Python under Windows)

    - by Fredrich
    I'd like to create a small script to that basically does this: run program1.exe -- kill program1.exe after n seconds -- run program1.exe again. I know some basic Python and would read up on this, but I'm in a bit of a hurry and just need this to get done asap. If someone has a script/idea or could help my out with just the syntax I need to open and kill the .exe file, please... I don't mind solutions in other languages either. I'm sorry if this is a bit "please write my code"-ish, that's not something I typically do.

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  • Python - How can I make this code asynchronous?

    - by dave
    Here's some code that illustrates my problem: def blocking1(): while True: yield 'first blocking function example' def blocking2(): while True: yield 'second blocking function example' for i in blocking1(): print 'this will be shown' for i in blocking2(): print 'this will not be shown' I have two functions which contain while True loops. These will yield data which I will then log somewhere (most likely, to an sqlite database). I've been playing around with threading and have gotten it working. However, I don't really like it... What I would like to do is make my blocking functions asynchronous. Something like: def blocking1(callback): while True: callback('first blocking function example') def blocking2(callback): while True: callback('second blocking function example') def log(data): print data blocking1(log) blocking2(log) How can I achieve this in Python? I've seen the standard library comes with asyncore and the big name in this game is Twisted but both of these seem to be used for socket IO. How can I async my non-socket related, blocking functions?

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  • Where is Python support for PEM + RSA + DES3?

    - by jasonjs
    I need a Python library that supports PEM files and both RSA signing and DES3 encryption. pycrypto doesn't seem to support PEM, and its mechanism for loading existing keys is undocumented and cryptic. m2crypto doesn't seem to support DES/DES3, oddly. I've been running an openssl subprocess, but I'd rather have something built in and preferably fast. Does this exist? (Failing that, I hesitate to ask, but are there high-level enough C apis available for this that I could write a special-purpose extension without killing myself/introducing vulns?)

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  • Filtering Data in a Text File with Python

    - by YAS
    I'm new to Python (like Zygote new), and it's just to supplement another program but what I need is I have a text file that's a group of items for a game and it is formatted so: [1] Name=Blah Faction=Blahdiddly Cost=1000 [2] Name=Meh Faction=MehMeh Cost=2000 [3] Name=Lollypop Faction=Blahdiddly Cost=100 And I need to be able to find out what groups (the numbers in brackets) have matching values. So if I search Faction=Blahdiddly Group 1 & 3 will come up. I unfortunately have NO idea how to do this. Can anyone help?

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  • python compare time

    - by Jesse Siu
    i want to using python create filter for a log file. get recent 7 days record. but when i didn't know how to compare time. like current time is 11/9/2012, i want to get records from 04/9/2012 to now the log file like Sat Sep 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12461] CONNECT: Client "66.249.68.236" Sat Sep 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12460] [ftp] OK LOGIN: Client "66.249.68.236", anon password "[email protected]" Sat Sep 2 03:32:14 2012 [pid 12462] [ftp] OK DOWNLOAD: Client "66.249.68.236", "/pub/10.5524/100001_101000/100022/readme.txt", 451 i using this one def OnlyRecent(line): print time.strptime(line.split("[")[0].strip(),"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") print time.time() if time.strptime(line.split("[")[0].strip(),"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") < time.time(): return True return False But it shows (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 13, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 13, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 14, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 the time format is different, and it can't compare time. So how to set this comparison in 7 days. Thanks

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  • Utilizing multiple python projects

    - by Marcin Cylke
    Hi I have a python app, that I'm developing. There is a need to use another library, that resides in different directory. The file layout looks like this: dir X has two project dirs: current-project xLibrary I'd like to use xLibrary in currentProject. I've been trying writting code as if all the sources resided in the same directory and calling my projects main script with: PYTHONPATH=.:../xLibrary ./current-project.py but this does not work. I'd like to use its code base without installing the library globaly or copying it to my project's directory. Is it possible? Or if not, how should I deal with this problem.

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  • Exception message (Python 2.6)

    - by TurboJupi
    If I want to open binary file (in Python 2.6), that doesn't exists, program exits with an error and prints this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python_tests\Exception_Handling\src\exception_handling.py", line 4, in <module> pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'monitor.dat' I can handle this with 'try-except', like: try: pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') monitoring_pickle = pickle.load(pkl_file) pkl_file.close() except Exception: print 'No such file or directory' Does anybody know, how could I, in caught Exception, print the following line? File "C:\Python_tests\Exception_Handling\src\exception_handling.py", line 11, in <module> pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') So, program would not exits, and I would have useful information.

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  • google app engine db.Model in python only display user-defined fields

    - by MattM
    I'm a python newbie so I apologize in advance if this question has been asked before. I am building out an application in GAE and need to generate a report that contains the values for a user-defined subset of fields. For example, in my db model, CrashReport, I have the following fields: entry_type entry_date instance_id build_id crash_text machine_info I present a user with the above list as a checkbox group from which they select. Whichever fields the user selects, I then create a report showing all the values in the datastore, but only for the fields that they selected. For example, if from the above list, the user selects the build_id and crash_text fields, the output might look like this: build_id crash_text 0.8.2 blown gasket 0.8.2 boom! 0.8.1 crack! ... So the question is, how exactly do I only access the values for the fields which the user has defined?

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