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• Abstracting entity caching in XNA

  - by Grofit

  I am in a situation where I am writing a framework in XNA and there will be quite a lot of static (ish) content which wont render that often. Now I am trying to take the same sort of approach I would use when doing non game development, where I don't even think about caching until I have finished my application and realise there is a performance problem and then implement a layer of caching over whatever needs it, but wrap it up so nothing is aware its happening. However in XNA the way we would usually cache would be drawing our objects to a texture and invalidating after a change occurs. So if you assume an interface like so: public interface IGameComponent { void Update(TimeSpan elapsedTime); void Render(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice); } public class ContainerComponent : IGameComponent { public IList<IGameComponent> ChildComponents { get; private set; } // Assume constructor public void Update(TimeSpan elapsedTime) { // Update anything that needs it } public void Render(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { foreach(var component in ChildComponents) { // draw every component } } } Then I was under the assumption that we just draw everything directly to the screen, then when performance becomes an issue we just add a new implementation of the above like so: public class CacheableContainerComponent : IGameComponent { private Texture2D cachedOutput; private bool hasChanged; public IList<IGameComponent> ChildComponents { get; private set; } // Assume constructor public void Update(TimeSpan elapsedTime) { // Update anything that needs it // set hasChanged to true if required } public void Render(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { if(hasChanged) { CacheComponents(graphicsDevice); } // Draw cached output } private void CacheComponents(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { // Clean up existing cache if needed var cachedOutput = new RenderTarget2D(...); graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); foreach(var component in ChildComponents) { // draw every component } graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); } } Now in this example you could inherit, but your Update may become a bit tricky then without changing your base class to alert you if you had changed, but it is up to each scenario to choose if its inheritance/implementation or composition. Also the above implementation will re-cache within the rendering cycle, which may cause performance stutters but its just an example of the scenario... Ignoring those facts as you can see that in this example you could use a cache-able component or a non cache-able one, the rest of the framework needs not know. The problem here is that if lets say this component is drawn mid way through the game rendering, other items will already be within the default drawing buffer, so me doing this would discard them, unless I set it to be persisted, which I hear is a big no no on the Xbox. So is there a way to have my cake and eat it here? One simple solution to this is make an ICacheable interface which exposes a cache method, but then to make any use of this interface you would need the rest of the framework to be cache aware, and check if it can cache, and to then do so. Which then means you are polluting and changing your main implementations to account for and deal with this cache... I am also employing Dependency Injection for alot of high level components so these new cache-able objects would be spat out from that, meaning no where in the actual game would they know they are caching... if that makes sense. Just incase anyone asked how I expected to keep it cache aware when I would need to new up a cachable entity.

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• Do you want to know more about Oracle Learning Management 12.1?

  - by anders.northeved

  Many of you have upgraded to OLM 12.1 or are in the process of doing so. We have been asked if it was possible to arrange a couple of webcast describing the new functions and features in OLM 12.1 – and of course it is. We will do two webcasts: One on the new features and functions in OLM 12.1.1 and another one on the new features and functions in OLM 12.1.2 + 12.1.3. Each webcast will last for approx. 45 min and afterwards there will be a Q&A session for as long as you have questions! Everybody interested in participating is very welcome to join. Just send an e-mail with the following information to [email protected]: List of participants from your organization Your organization’s current status: Which OLM version you are on and if you have current upgrade plans then we’ll send you a mail with information on how to join. Webcast on OLM 12.1.1 new features: Monday 28th March 5pm CET (8.30pm IST; 4pm UK; 11am EST; 8am PST) Webcast on OLM 12.1.2+OLM 12.1.3 new features: Tuesday 29th March 5pm CET (8.30pm IST; 4pm UK; 11am EST; 8am PST) We are looking forward to your participation!

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• Rendering Text with the HTML5 Canvas

  - by dwahlin

  In a previous post I walked through the fundamentals of rendering shapes such as squares and circles using the HTML5 Canvas API. In this post I’ll provide a simple example of rendering and rotating text. To render text you can use the fillText() or strokeText() functions which take the text to render as well as the x and y coordinates of where to render it. To rotate text you can use the transform functions available with the HTML5 Canvas such as save(), rotate(), and restore(). To run the live demos that follow click the Result tab in the blue bar of each demo.   Rendering Text This example provides a simple look at how text can be rendered using the HTML5 Canvas. It iterates through a loop, updates the text and font size dynamically, measures the width of the text using the measureText() function, and then calls fillText() to render the text with the desired font size to the screen.   Here’s what the code above renders:   Rotating Text This example shows how text can be rendered and even rotated by using transform functions built into the HTML5 Canvas. The code starts by rendering text the standard way using fillText(). It then saves the state of the canvas performs an x,y coordinate transform (moves to 100, 300 respectively) and then rotates the canvas –90 degrees using the rotate() function. After the text is rendered, the canvas is reverted back to it’s existing state (saved by calling the save() function) by calling the restore() function. An additional line of text is then rendered.   Here’s what the code above renders:   If you’re interested in learning more about the HTML5 Canvas and how it can be used in your Web or Windows 8 applications, check out my HTML5 Canvas Fundamentals course from Pluralsight.

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• How to Open Any Folder as a Project in the NetBeans Platform

  - by Geertjan

  Typically, as described in the NetBeans Project Type Tutorial, you'll define a project type based on the presence of a file (e.g., "project.xml" or "customer.txt" or something like that) in a folder. I.e., if the file is there, then its parent, i.e., the folder that contains the file, is a project and should be opened in your application. However, in some scenarios (as with the HTML5 project type introduced in NetBeans IDE 7.3), the user should be able to open absolutely any folder at all into the application. How to create a project type that is that liberal? Here you go, the only condition that needs to be true is that the selected item in the "Open Project" dialog is a folder, as defined in the "isProject" method below. Nothing else. That's it. If you select a folder, it will be opened in your application, displaying absolutely everything as-is (since below there's no ProjectLogicalView defined): import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener; import java.io.IOException; import javax.swing.Icon; import org.netbeans.api.project.Project; import org.netbeans.api.project.ProjectInformation; import org.netbeans.spi.project.ProjectFactory; import org.netbeans.spi.project.ProjectState; import org.openide.filesystems.FileObject; import org.openide.loaders.DataFolder; import org.openide.loaders.DataObjectNotFoundException; import org.openide.nodes.FilterNode; import org.openide.util.Exceptions; import org.openide.util.ImageUtilities; import org.openide.util.Lookup; import org.openide.util.lookup.Lookups; import org.openide.util.lookup.ServiceProvider; @ServiceProvider(service = ProjectFactory.class) public class FolderProjectFactory implements ProjectFactory { @Override public boolean isProject(FileObject projectDirectory) { return DataFolder.findFolder(projectDirectory) != null; } @Override public Project loadProject(FileObject dir, ProjectState state) throws IOException { return isProject(dir) ? new FolderProject(dir) : null; } @Override public void saveProject(Project prjct) throws IOException, ClassCastException { // leave unimplemented for the moment } private class FolderProject implements Project { private final FileObject projectDir; private Lookup lkp; private FolderProject(FileObject dir) { this.projectDir = dir; } @Override public FileObject getProjectDirectory() { return projectDir; } @Override public Lookup getLookup() { if (lkp == null) { lkp = Lookups.fixed(new Object[]{ new Info(), }); } return lkp; } private final class Info implements ProjectInformation { @Override public Icon getIcon() { Icon icon = null; try { icon = ImageUtilities.image2Icon( new FilterNode(DataFolder.find( getProjectDirectory()).getNodeDelegate()).getIcon(1)); } catch (DataObjectNotFoundException ex) { Exceptions.printStackTrace(ex); } return icon; } @Override public String getName() { return getProjectDirectory().getName(); } @Override public String getDisplayName() { return getName(); } @Override public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener pcl) { //do nothing, won't change } @Override public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener pcl) { //do nothing, won't change } @Override public Project getProject() { return FolderProject.this; } } } } Even the ProjectInformation implementation really isn't needed at all, since it provides nothing more than the icon in the "Open Project" dialog, the rest (i.e., the display name in the "Open Project" dialog) is provided by default regardless of whether you have a ProjectInformation implementation or not.

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• LibGdx drawing weird behaviour

  - by Ryckes

  I am finding strange behaviour while rendering TextureRegions in my game, only when pausing it. I am making a game for Android, in Java with LibGdx. When I comment out the line "drawLevelPaused()" everything seems to work fine, both running and paused. When it's not commented, everything works fine until I pause the screen, then it draws those two rectangles, but maybe ships are not shown, and if I comment out drawShips() and drawTarget() (just trying) maybe one of the planets disappears, or if I change the order, other things disappear and those that disappeared before now are rendered again. I can't find the way to fix this behaviour I beg your help, and I hope it's my mistake and not a LibGdx issue. I use OpenGL ES 2.0, stated in AndroidManifest.xml, if it is of any help. Thank you in advance. My Screen render method(game loop) is as follows: @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); controller.update(delta); renderer.render(); } When world state is PAUSED controller.update does nothing at all, there is a switch in it. And renderer.render() is as follows: public void render() { int worldState=this.world.getWorldState(); updateCamera(); spriteBatch.begin(); drawPlanets(); drawTarget(); drawShips(); if(worldState==World.PAUSED) { drawLevelPaused(); } else if(worldState==World.LEVEL_WON) { drawLevelWin(); } spriteBatch.end(); } And those methods are: private void updateCamera() { this.offset=world.getCameraOffset(); } private void drawPlanets() { for(Planet planet : this.world.getPlanets()) { this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(planet.getTexture()), (planet.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (planet.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY); } } private void drawTarget() { Target target=this.world.getTarget(); this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(target.getTexture()), (target.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (target.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY); } private void drawShips() { for(Ship ship : this.world.getShips()) { this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(ship.getTexture()), (ship.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (ship.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX/2, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY/2, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY, 1.0f, 1.0f, ship.getAngle()-90.0f); } if(this.world.getStillShipVisibility()) { Ship ship=this.world.getStillShip(); Arrow arrow=this.world.getArrow(); this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(ship.getTexture()), (ship.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * ppuX, (ship.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX/2, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY/2, ship.getBounds().width*ppuX, ship.getBounds().height*ppuY, 1f, 1f, ship.getAngle() - 90f); this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(arrow.getTexture()), (ship.getCenter().x - this.offset[0] - arrow.getBounds().width/2) * ppuX, (ship.getCenter().y - this.offset[1]) * ppuY, arrow.getBounds().width*ppuX/2, 0, arrow.getBounds().width*ppuX, arrow.getBounds().height*ppuY, 1f, arrow.getRate(), ship.getAngle() - 90f); } } private void drawLevelPaused() { this.shapeRenderer.begin(ShapeType.FilledRectangle); this.shapeRenderer.setColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0.8f); this.shapeRenderer.filledRect(0, 0, this.width/this.ppuX, PAUSE_MARGIN_HEIGHT/this.ppuY); this.shapeRenderer.filledRect(0, (this.height-PAUSE_MARGIN_HEIGHT)/this.ppuY, this.width/this.ppuX, PAUSE_MARGIN_HEIGHT/this.ppuY); this.shapeRenderer.end(); for(Button button : this.world.getPauseButtons()) { this.spriteBatch.draw(this.textures.getTexture(button.getTexture()), (button.getPosition().x - this.offset[0]) * this.ppuX, (button.getPosition().y - this.offset[1]) * this.ppuY); } }

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• Simple MVVM Walkthrough – Refactored

  - by Sean Feldman

  JR has put together a good introduction post into MVVM pattern. I love kick start examples that serve the purpose well. And even more than that I love examples that also can pass the real world projects check. So I took the sample code and refactored it slightly for a few aspects that a lot of developers might raise a brow. Michael has mentioned model (entity) visibility from view. I agree on that. A few other items that don’t settle are using property names as string (magical strings) and Saver class internal casting of a parameter (custom code for each Saver command). Fixing a property names usage is a straight forward exercise – leverage expressions. Something simple like this would do the initial job: class PropertyOf<T> { public static string Resolve(Expression<Func<T, object>> expression) { var member = expression.Body as MemberExpression; return member.Member.Name; } } With this, refactoring of properties names becomes an easy task, with confidence that an old property name string will not get left behind. An updated Invoice would look like this: public class Invoice : INotifyPropertyChanged { private int id; private string receiver; public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; private void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName) { if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } } public int Id { get { return id; } set { if (id != value) { id = value; OnPropertyChanged(PropertyOf<Invoice>.Resolve(x => x.Id)); } } } public string Receiver { get { return receiver; } set { receiver = value; OnPropertyChanged(PropertyOf<Invoice>.Resolve(x => x.Receiver)); } } } For the saver, I decided to change it a little so now it becomes a “view-model agnostic” command, one that can be used for multiple commands/view-models. Updated Saver code now accepts an action at construction time and executes that action. No more black magic internal class Command : ICommand { private readonly Action executeAction; public Command(Action executeAction) { this.executeAction = executeAction; } public bool CanExecute(object parameter) { return true; } public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged; public void Execute(object parameter) { // no more black magic executeAction(); } } Change in InvoiceViewModel is instantiation of Saver command and execution action for the specific command. public ICommand SaveCommand { get { if (saveCommand == null) saveCommand = new Command(ExecuteAction); return saveCommand; } set { saveCommand = value; } } private void ExecuteAction() { DisplayMessage = string.Format("Thanks for creating invoice: {0} {1}", Invoice.Id, Invoice.Receiver); } This way internal knowledge of InvoiceViewModel remains in InvoiceViewModel and Command (ex-Saver) is view-model agnostic. Now the sample is not only a good introduction, but also has some practicality in it. My 5 cents on the subject. Sample code MvvmSimple2.zip

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• When does the "Do One Thing" paradigm become harmful?

  - by Petr

  For the sake of argument here's a sample function that prints contents of a given file line-by-line. Version 1: void printFile(const string & filePath) { fstream file(filePath, ios::in); string line; while (file.good()) { getline(file, line); cout << line << endl; } } I know it is recommended that functions do one thing at one level of abstraction. To me, though code above does pretty much one thing and is fairly atomic. Some books (such as Robert C. Martin's Clean Code) seem to suggest breaking the above code into separate functions. Version 2: void printLine(const string & line) { cout << line << endl; } void printLines(fstream & file) { string line; while (file.good()) { getline(file, line); printLine(line); } } void printFile(const string & filePath) { fstream file(filePath, ios::in); printLines(file); } I understand what they want to achieve (open file / read lines / print line), but isn't it a bit of overkill? The original version is simple and in some sense already does one thing - prints a file. The second version will lead to a large number of really small functions which may be far less legible than the first version. Wouldn't it be, in this case, better to have the code at one place? At which point does the "Do One Thing" paradigm become harmful?

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• Is there a process-oriented IDE ?

  - by Raveline

  My problem is simple : when I'm programming in an OO paradigm, I'm often having part of a main business process divided in many classes. Which means, if I want to examine the whole functional chain that leads to the output, for debugging or for optimization research, it can be a bit painful. So I was wondering : is there an IDE that let you put a "process tag" on functions coming from different objects, and give you a view of all those functions having the same tag ? edit : To give an example (that I'm making up completely, sorry if it doesn't sound very realistic). Let's say we have the following business process for a HR application : receive a holiday-request by an employee, check the validity of the request, then give an alert to his boss ("one of those lazy programmer wants another day off"); at the same time, let's say the boss will want to have a table of all employee's timetable during the time the employee wants his vacations; then handle the answer of the boss, send a nice little mail to the employee ("No way, lazy bones"). Even if we get rid of everything not purely business-related (mail sending process, db handling to get the useful info, GUI functionalities, and so on), we still have something that doesn't really fit in "one class". I'd like to have an IDE that would give me the opportunity to embrace quickly, at the very least : The function handling the validation of the request by the employee; The function preparing the "timetable" for the boss; The function handling the validation of the request by the boss; I wouldn't put all those functions in the same class (but perhaps that's my mistake ?). This is where my dreamed IDE could be helpful.

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• Benchmarking ORM associations

  - by barerd

  I am trying to benchmark two cases of self referential many to many as described in datamapper associations. Both cases consist of an Item clss, which may require many other items. In both cases, I required the ruby benchmark library and source file, created two items and benchmarked require/unrequie functions as below: Benchmark.bmbm do |x| x.report("require:") { item_1.require_item item_2, 10 } x.report("unrequire:") { item_1.unrequire_item item_2 } end To be clear, both functions are datamapper add/modify functions like: componentMaps.create :component_id => item.id, :quantity => quantity componentMaps.all(:component_id => item.id).destroy! and links_to_components.create :component_id => item.id, :quantity => quantity links_to_components.all(:component_id => item.id).destroy! The results are variable and in the range of 0.018001 to 0.022001 for require function in both cases, and 0.006 to 0.01 for unrequire function in both cases. This made me suspicious about the correctness of my test method. Edit I went ahead and compared a "get by primary key case" to a "finding first matching record case" by: (1..10000).each do |i| Item.create :name => "item_#{i}" end Benchmark.bmbm do |x| x.report("Get") { item = Item.get 9712 } x.report("First") { item = Item.first :name => "item_9712" } end where the results were very different like 0 sec compared to 0.0312, as expected. This suggests that the benchmarking works. I wonder whether I benchmarked the two types of associations correctly, and whether a difference between 0.018 and 0.022 sec significant?

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• Designing status management for a file processing module

  - by bot

  The background One of the functionality of a product that I am currently working on is to process a set of compressed files ( containing XML files ) that will be made available at a fixed location periodically (local or remote location - doesn't really matter for now) and dump the contents of each XML file in a database. I have taken care of the design for a generic parsing module that should be able to accommodate the parsing of any file type as I have explained in my question linked below. There is no need to take a look at the following link to answer my question but it would definitely provide a better context to the problem Generic file parser design in Java using the Strategy pattern The Goal I want to be able to keep a track of the status of each XML file and the status of each compressed file containing the XML files. I can probably have different statuses defined for the XML files such as NEW, PROCESSING, LOADING, COMPLETE or FAILED. I can derive the status of a compressed file based on the status of the XML files within the compressed file. e.g status of the compressed file is COMPLETE if no XML file inside the compressed file is in a FAILED state or status of the compressed file is FAILED if the status of at-least one XML file inside the compressed file is FAILED. A possible solution The Model I need to maintain the status of each XML file and the compressed file. I will have to define some POJOs for holding the information about an XML file as shown below. Note that there is no need to store the status of a compressed file as the status of a compressed file can be derived from the status of its XML files. public class FileInformation { private String compressedFileName; private String xmlFileName; private long lastModifiedDate; private int status; public FileInformation(final String compressedFileName, final String xmlFileName, final long lastModified, final int status) { this.compressedFileName = compressedFileName; this.xmlFileName = xmlFileName; this.lastModifiedDate = lastModified; this.status = status; } } I can then have a class called StatusManager that aggregates a Map of FileInformation instances and provides me the status of a given file at any given time in the lifetime of the appliciation as shown below : public class StatusManager { private Map<String,FileInformation> processingMap = new HashMap<String,FileInformation>(); public void add(FileInformation fileInformation) { fileInformation.setStatus(0); // 0 will indicates that the file is in NEW state. 1 will indicate that the file is in process and so on.. processingMap.put(fileInformation.getXmlFileName(),fileInformation); } public void update(String filename,int status) { FileInformation fileInformation = processingMap.get(filename); fileInformation.setStatus(status); } } That takes care of the model for the sake of explanation. So whats my question? Edited after comments from Loki and answer from Eric : - I would like to know if there are any existing design patterns that I can refer to while coming up with a design. I would also like to know how I should go about designing the status management classes. I am more interested in understanding how I can model the status management classes. I am not interested in how other components are going to be updated about a change in status at the moment as suggested by Eric.

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• (libgdx) Button doesn't work

  - by StercoreCode

  At the game I choose StopScreen. At this screen displays button. But if I click it - it doesn't work. What I expect - when I press button it must restart game. At this stage must display at least a message that the button is pressed. I tried to create new and clear project. Main class implement ApplicationListener. I put the same code in the appropriate methods. And it's works! But if i create this button in my game - it doesn't work. When i play and go to the StopScreen, i saw button. But if i click, or touch, nothing happens. I think that the proplem at the InputListener, although i set the stage as InputProcessor. Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); I also try to addListener for Button as ClickListener. But it gave no results. Or it maybe problem that i implements Screen method - not ApplicationListener or Game. But if StopScreen implement ApplicationListener, at the mainGame I can't to setScreen. Just interests question: why button displays but nothing happens to it? Here is the code of StopScreen if it helps find my mistake: public class StopScreen implements Screen{ private OrthographicCamera camera; private SpriteBatch batch; public Stage stage; //** stage holds the Button **// private BitmapFont font; //** same as that used in Tut 7 **// private TextureAtlas buttonsAtlas; //** image of buttons **// private Skin buttonSkin; //** images are used as skins of the button **// public TextButton button; //** the button - the only actor in program **// public StopScreen(CurrusGame currusGame) { camera = new OrthographicCamera(); camera.setToOrtho(false, 800, 480); batch = new SpriteBatch(); buttonsAtlas = new TextureAtlas("button.pack"); //** button atlas image **// buttonSkin = new Skin(); buttonSkin.addRegions(buttonsAtlas); //** skins for on and off **// font = AssetLoader.font; //** font **// stage = new Stage(); stage.clear(); Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); TextButton.TextButtonStyle style = new TextButton.TextButtonStyle(); style.up = buttonSkin.getDrawable("ButtonOff"); style.down = buttonSkin.getDrawable("ButtonOn"); style.font = font; button = new TextButton("PRESS ME", style); //** Button text and style **// button.setPosition(100, 100); //** Button location **// button.setHeight(100); //** Button Height **// button.setWidth(100); //** Button Width **// button.addListener(new InputListener() { public boolean touchDown(InputEvent event, float x, float y, int pointer, int button) { Gdx.app.log("my app", "Pressed"); return true; } public void touchUp(InputEvent event, float x, float y, int pointer, int button) { Gdx.app.log("my app", "Released"); } }); stage.addActor(button); } @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 1, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); stage.act(); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.begin(); stage.draw(); batch.end(); }

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• Information about how much time in spent in a function, based on the input of this function

  - by olchauvin

  Is there a (quantitative) tool to measure performance of functions based on its input? So far, the tools I used to measure performance of my code, tells me how much time I spent in functions (like Jetbrain Dottrace for .Net), but I'd like to have more information about the parameters passed to the function in order to know which parameters impact the most the performance. Let's say that I have function like that: int myFunction(int myParam1, int myParam 2) { // Do and return something based on the value of myParam1 and myParam2. // The code is likely to use if, for, while, switch, etc.... } If would like a tool that would allow me to tell me how much time is spent in myFunction based on the value of myParam1 and myParam2. For example, the tool would give me a result looking like this: For "myFunction" : value | value | Number of | Average myParam1 | myParam2 | call | time ---------|----------|-----------|-------- 1 | 5 | 500 | 301 ms 2 | 5 | 250 | 1253 ms 3 | 7 | 1268 | 538 ms ... That would mean that myFunction has been call 500 times with myParam1=1 and myParam2=5, and that with those parameters, it took on average 301ms to return a value. The idea behind that is to do some statistical optimization by organizing my code such that, the blocs of codes that are the most likely to be executed are tested before the one that are less likely to be executed. To put it bluntly, if I know which values are used the most, I can reorganize the if/while/for etc.. structure of the function (and the whole program) to optimize it. I'd like to find such tools for C++, Java or.Net. Note: I am not looking for technical tips to optimize the code (like passing parameters as const, inlining functions, initializing the capacity of vectors and the like).

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• If a library doesn't provide all my needs, how should I proceed?

  - by 9a3eedi

  I'm developing an application involving math and physics models, and I'd like to use a Math library for things like Matrices. I'm using C#, and so I was looking for some libraries and found Math.NET. I'm under the impression, from past experience, that for math, using a robust and industry-approved third party library is much better than writing your own code. It seems good for many purposes, but it does not provide support for Quaternions, which I need to use as a type. Also, I need some functions in Vector and Matrix that also aren't provided, such as rotation matrices and vector rotation functions, and calculating cross products. At the same time, it provides a lot of functions/classes that I simply do not need, which might mean a lot of unnecessary bloat and complexity. At this rate, should I even bother using the library? Should I write my own math library? Or is it a better idea to stick to the third party library and somehow wrap around it? Perhaps I should make a subclass of the Matrix and Vector type of the library? But isn't that considered bad style? I've also tried looking for other libraries but unfortunately I couldn't find anything suitable.

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• Handling Types for Real and Complex Matrices in a BLAS Wrapper

  - by mga

  I come from a C background and I'm now learning OOP with C++. As an exercise (so please don't just say "this already exists"), I want to implement a wrapper for BLAS that will let the user write matrix algebra in an intuitive way (e.g. similar to MATLAB) e.g.: A = B*C*D.Inverse() + E.Transpose(); My problem is how to go about dealing with real (R) and complex (C) matrices, because of C++'s "curse" of letting you do the same thing in N different ways. I do have a clear idea of what it should look like to the user: s/he should be able to define the two separately, but operations would return a type depending on the types of the operands (R*R = R, C*C = C, R*C = C*R = C). Additionally R can be cast into C and vice versa (just by setting the imaginary parts to 0). I have considered the following options: As a real number is a special case of a complex number, inherit CMatrix from RMatrix. I quickly dismissed this as the two would have to return different types for the same getter function. Inherit RMatrix and CMatrix from Matrix. However, I can't really think of any common code that would go into Matrix (because of the different return types). Templates. Declare Matrix<T> and declare the getter function as T Get(int i, int j), and operator functions as Matrix *(Matrix RHS). Then specialize Matrix<double> and Matrix<complex>, and overload the functions. Then I couldn't really see what I would gain with templates, so why not just define RMatrix and CMatrix separately from each other, and then overload functions as necessary? Although this last option makes sense to me, there's an annoying voice inside my head saying this is not elegant, because the two are clearly related. Perhaps I'm missing an appropriate design pattern? So I guess what I'm looking for is either absolution for doing this, or advice on how to do better.

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• Problem with boundary collision

  - by James Century

  The problem: When the player hits the left boundary he stops (this is exactly what I want), when he hits the right boundary. He continues until his rectangle's left boundary meets with the right boundary. Outcome: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuJfIWZ_LL0&feature=youtu.be My Code public class Player extends GameObject{ BufferedImageLoader loader; Texture tex = Game.getInstance(); BufferedImage image; Animation playerWalkLeft; private HealthBarManager healthBar; private String username; private int width; private ManaBarManager manaBar; public Player(float x, float y, ObjectID ID) { super(x, y, ID, null); loader = new BufferedImageLoader(); playerWalkLeft = new Animation(5,tex.player[10],tex.player[11],tex.player[12],tex.player[13],tex.player[14],tex.player[15],tex.player[17],tex.player[18]); } public void tick(LinkedList<GameObject> object) { setX(getX()+velX); setY(getY()+velY); playerWalkLeft.runAnimation(); } public void render(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.BLACK); FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics(g.getFont()); if(username != null) width = fm.stringWidth(username); if(username != null){ g.drawString(username,(int) x-width/2+15,(int) y); } if(velX != 0){ playerWalkLeft.drawAnimation(g, (int)x, (int)y); }else{ g.drawImage(tex.player[16], (int)x, (int)y, null); } g.setColor(Color.PINK); g.drawRect((int)x,(int)y,33,48); g.drawRect(0,0,(int)Game.getWalkableBounds().getWidth(), (int)Game.getWalkableBounds().getHeight()); } @SuppressWarnings("unused") private Image getCurrentImage() { return image; } public float getX() { return x; } public float getY() { return y; } public void setX(float x) { Rectangle gameBoundry = Game.getWalkableBounds(); if(x >= gameBoundry.getMinX() && x <= gameBoundry.getMaxX()){ this.x = x; } } public void setY(float y) { //IGNORE THE SetY please. this.y = y; } public float getVelX() { return velX; } public void setHealthBar(HealthBarManager healthBar){ this.healthBar = healthBar; } public HealthBarManager getHealthBar(){ return healthBar; } public float getVelY() { return velY; } public void setVelX(float velX) { this.velX = velX; } public void setVelY(float velY) { this.velY = velY; } public ObjectID getID() { return ID; } public void setUsername(String playerName) { this.username = playerName; } public String getUsername(){ return this.username; } public void setManaBar(ManaBarManager manaBar) { this.manaBar = manaBar; } public ManaBarManager getManaBar(){ return manaBar; } public int getLevel(){ return 1; } public boolean isPlayerInsideBoundry(float x, float y){ Rectangle boundry = Game.getWalkableBounds(); if(boundry.contains(x,y)){ return true; } return false; } } What I've tried: - Using a method that checks if the game boundary contains player boundary rectangle. This gave me the same result as what the check statement in my setX did.

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• What is the best way to handle dynamic content?

  - by user1561753

  So we run a site where there are elements of the interface that could potentially be changed at any moment in the backend. Specifically we run a web service where certain functions are loaded dynamically. However, there are times where we remove certian functions and we want the experience to be as seamless for the user as possible. Now we've considered a few methods of solving this Ping the server every few seconds. If the functions are outdated/no longer available refresh the users page. While this would work the best, I feel like having that much IO can't be too good When the user clicks a function, if it's outdated/no longer available, alert them in the response and refresh the page. This would also work fairly well. I guess I'm more wondering how web apps like Google Docs work where you have content that has to be synced up across multiple users and that isn't more than a few seconds outdated Sorry if this isn't the best place to ask this. I figured this was more of a site architecture question and that this might be the place to ask it over SO.

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• Dynamically Changing the Display Names of Menus and Popups

  - by Geertjan

  Very interesting thing and handy to know when needed is the fact that "menuText" and "popupText" (from org.openide.awt.ActionRegistration) can be changed dynamically, via "putValue" as shown below for "popupText". The Action class, in this case, needs to be eager, hence you won't receive the object of interest via the constructor, but you can easily use the global Lookup for that purpose instead, as also shown below. import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import javax.swing.AbstractAction; import org.netbeans.api.project.Project; import org.netbeans.api.project.ProjectInformation; import org.netbeans.api.project.ProjectUtils; import org.openide.awt.ActionID; import org.openide.awt.ActionReference; import org.openide.awt.ActionRegistration; import org.openide.util.Utilities; @ActionID( category = "Project", id = "org.ptt.DemoProjectAction") @ActionRegistration( lazy = false, displayName = "NOT-USED") @ActionReference(path = "Projects/Actions", position = 0) public final class DemoProjectAction extends AbstractAction{ private final ProjectInformation context; public DemoProjectAction() { putValue("popupText", "Select Me To See Current Time!"); context = ProjectUtils.getInformation( Utilities.actionsGlobalContext().lookup(Project.class)); } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { refresh(); } protected void refresh() { DateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss"); String formatted = formatter.format(System.currentTimeMillis()); putValue("popupText", "Time: " + formatted + " (" + context.getDisplayName() +")"); } } Now, let's do something semi useful and display, in the popup, which is available when you right-click a project, the time since the last change was made anywhere in the project, i.e., we can listen recursively to any changes done within a project and then update the popup with the newly acquired information, dynamically: import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import javax.swing.AbstractAction; import org.netbeans.api.project.Project; import org.netbeans.api.project.ProjectUtils; import org.openide.awt.ActionID; import org.openide.awt.ActionReference; import org.openide.awt.ActionRegistration; import org.openide.filesystems.FileAttributeEvent; import org.openide.filesystems.FileChangeListener; import org.openide.filesystems.FileEvent; import org.openide.filesystems.FileRenameEvent; import org.openide.util.Utilities; @ActionID( category = "Project", id = "org.ptt.TrackProjectTimerAction") @ActionRegistration( lazy = false, displayName = "NOT-USED") @ActionReference( path = "Projects/Actions", position = 0) public final class TrackProjectTimerAction extends AbstractAction implements FileChangeListener { private final Project context; private Long startTime; private Long changedTime; private DateFormat formatter; public TrackProjectTimerAction() { putValue("popupText", "Enable project time tracker"); this.formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss"); context = Utilities.actionsGlobalContext().lookup(Project.class); context.getProjectDirectory().addRecursiveListener(this); } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { startTimer(); } protected void startTimer() { startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); String formattedStartTime = formatter.format(startTime); putValue("popupText", "Timer started: " + formattedStartTime + " (" + ProjectUtils.getInformation(context).getDisplayName() + ")"); } @Override public void fileChanged(FileEvent fe) { changedTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss"); String formattedLapse = formatter.format(changedTime - startTime); putValue("popupText", "Time since last change: " + formattedLapse + " (" + ProjectUtils.getInformation(context).getDisplayName() + ")"); startTime = changedTime; } @Override public void fileFolderCreated(FileEvent fe) {} @Override public void fileDataCreated(FileEvent fe) {} @Override public void fileDeleted(FileEvent fe) {} @Override public void fileRenamed(FileRenameEvent fre) {} @Override public void fileAttributeChanged(FileAttributeEvent fae) {} }

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• Can't find new.h - getting gcc-4.2 on Quantal?

  - by Suyo

  I've been trying to compile the Valve Source SDK (2007) on my machine, but I keep running into the same error: In file included from ../public/tier1/interface.h:50:0, from ../utils/serverplugin_sample/serverplugin_empty.cpp:13: ../public/tier0/platform.h:46:17: new.h: No such file or directory I'm pretty new to C++ coding and compiling, but using apt-file search I tried to use every single suggestion for the required files in the Makefile (libstdc++.a and libgcc_eh.a), and none worked. I then found a note in the Makefile saying gcc 4.2.2 is recommended - I assume the older code won't work with the newer version, but gcc-4.2 is unavailable in 12.10. So my question/s is/are: If my assumption is right - how do I get gcc 4.2.2 on Quantal? If my assumption is wrong - what else could be the problem here? Relevant portion of the Makefile: # compiler options (gcc 3.4.1 will work - 4.2.2 recommended) CC=/usr/bin/gcc CPLUS=/usr/bin/g++ CLINK=/usr/bin/gcc CPP_LIB="/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/libstdc++.a /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/libgcc_eh.a" # GCC 4.2.2 optimization flags, if you're using anything below, don't use these! OPTFLAGS=-O1 -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -fforce-addr -funroll-loops -fthread-jumps -fcrossjumping -foptimize-sibling-calls -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fgcse -fgcse-lm -fexpensive-optimizations -frerun-cse-after-loop -fcaller-saves -fpeephole2 -fschedule-insns2 -fsched-interblock -fsched-spec -fregmove -fstrict-overflow -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -freorder-blocks -freorder-functions -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -ftree-vrp -ftree-pre -finline-functions -funswitch-loops -fgcse-after-reload #OPTFLAGS= # put any compiler flags you want passed here USER_CFLAGS=-m32

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• Problem with sprite direction and rotation

  - by user2236165

  I have a sprite called Tool that moves with a speed represented as a float and in a direction represented as a Vector2. When I click the mouse on the screen the sprite change its direction and starts to move towards the mouseclick. In addition to that I rotate the sprite so that it is facing in the direction it is heading. However, when I add a camera that is suppose to follow the sprite so that the sprite is always centered on the screen, the sprite won't move in the given direction and the rotation isn't accurate anymore. This only happens when I add the Camera.View in the spriteBatch.Begin(). I was hoping anyone could maybe shed a light on what I am missing in my code, that would be highly appreciated. Here is the camera class i use: public class Camera { private const float zoomUpperLimit = 1.5f; private const float zoomLowerLimit = 0.1f; private float _zoom; private Vector2 _pos; private int ViewportWidth, ViewportHeight; #region Properties public float Zoom { get { return _zoom; } set { _zoom = value; if (_zoom < zoomLowerLimit) _zoom = zoomLowerLimit; if (_zoom > zoomUpperLimit) _zoom = zoomUpperLimit; } } public Rectangle Viewport { get { int width = (int)((ViewportWidth / _zoom)); int height = (int)((ViewportHeight / _zoom)); return new Rectangle((int)(_pos.X - width / 2), (int)(_pos.Y - height / 2), width, height); } } public void Move(Vector2 amount) { _pos += amount; } public Vector2 Position { get { return _pos; } set { _pos = value; } } public Matrix View { get { return Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-_pos.X, -_pos.Y, 0)) * Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(Zoom, Zoom, 1)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(ViewportWidth * 0.5f, ViewportHeight * 0.5f, 0)); } } #endregion public Camera(Viewport viewport, float initialZoom) { _zoom = initialZoom; _pos = Vector2.Zero; ViewportWidth = viewport.Width; ViewportHeight = viewport.Height; } } And here is my Update and Draw-method: protected override void Update (GameTime gameTime) { float elapsed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState (); foreach (TouchLocation tl in touchCollection) { if (tl.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed || tl.State == TouchLocationState.Moved) { //direction the tool shall move towards direction = touchCollection [0].Position - toolPos; if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //change the direction the tool is moving and find the rotationangle the texture must rotate to point in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); RotationAngle = (float)Math.Atan2 (direction.Y, direction.X); } } if (direction != Vector2.Zero) { direction.Normalize (); } //move tool in given direction toolPos += (direction * speed * elapsed); //change cameracentre to the tools position Camera.Position = toolPos; base.Update (gameTime); } protected override void Draw (GameTime gameTime) { graphics.GraphicsDevice.Clear (Color.Blue); spriteBatch.Begin (SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, null, Camera.View); spriteBatch.Draw (tool, new Vector2 (toolPos.X, toolPos.Y), null, Color.White, RotationAngle, originOfToolTexture, 1, SpriteEffects.None, 1); spriteBatch.End (); base.Draw (gameTime); }

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• Motivation for service layer (instead of just copying dlls)?

  - by BornToCode

  I'm creating an application which has 2 different UIs so I'm making it with a service layer which I understood is appropriate for such case. However I found myself just creating web methods for every single method I have in the BL layer, so the services basically built from methods that looks like this: return customers_bl.Get_Customer_Prices(customer_id); I understood that a main point of the service layer is to prevent duplication of code so I asked myself - well, why not just import the BL.dll (and the DAL.dll) to the other UI, and whenever making a change re-copy the dll files, it might not be so 'neat', but is the all purpose of the service layer to prevent this? {I know something is wrong in my approach, I'm probably missing the importance of service layer, I'd like to get more motivation to create another layer, especially because as it is I found that many of my BL functions ALREADY looks like: return customers_dal.Get_Customer_Prices(cust_id) which led me to ask: was it really necessary to create the BL just because on several functions I actually have LOGIC inside the BL?} so I'm looking for more motivation to creating ONE MORE layer, I'm sure it's not just to make it more convenient that I won't have to re-copy the dlls on changes? Am I grasping it wrong? Any simple guidelines on how to design service layer (corresponding to all the BL layer functions or not? any simple example?) any enlightenment on the subject?

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• Motivation for a service layer (instead of just copying dlls)?

  - by BornToCode

  I'm creating an application which has 2 different UIs so I'm making it with a service layer which I understood is appropriate for such scenario. However I found myself just creating web methods for every single method I have in the BL layer, so the services basically built from methods that looks like this: return customers_bl.Get_Customer_Prices(customer_id); I understood that a main point of the service layer is to prevent duplication of code so I asked myself - why not just import the BL.DLL (and the dal.dll) to the other UI, and whenever making a change re-copy the dlls, it might not be so 'neat', but still less hassle than one more layer? {I know something is wrong in my approach, I'm probably missing the importance of service layer, I'd like to get more motivation to create another layer, especially because as it is I found that many of my BL functions ALREADY looks like: return customers_dal.Get_Customer_Prices(cust_id) which led me to ask: was it really necessary to create the BL just because on several functions I actually have LOGIC inside the BL?} so I'm looking for more motivation to creating ONE MORE layer, I'm sure it's not just to make it more convenient that I won't have to re-copy the dlls on changes? Am I grasping it wrong? Any simple guidelines on how to design service layer (corresponding to all the BL layer functions or not? any simple example?) any enlightenment on the subject?

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• Is there a better way to organize my module tests that avoids an explosion of new source files?

  - by luser droog

  I've got a neat (so I thought) way of having each of my modules produce a unit-test executable if compiled with the -DTESTMODULE flag. This flag guards a main() function that can access all static data and functions in the module, without #including a C file. From the README: -- Modules -- The various modules were written and tested separately before being coupled together to achieve the necessary basic functionality. Each module retains its unit-test, its main() function, guarded by #ifdef TESTMODULE. `make test` will compile and execute all the unit tests, producing copious output, but importantly exitting with an appropriate success or failure code, so the `make test` command will fail if any of the tests fail. Module TOC __________ test obj src header structures CONSTANTS ---- --- --- --- -------------------- m m.o m.c m.h mfile mtab TABSZ s s.o s.c s.h stack STACKSEGSZ v v.o v.c v.h saverec_ f.o f.c f.h file ob ob.o ob.c ob.h object ar ar.o ar.c ar.h array st st.o st.c st.h string di di.o di.c di.h dichead dictionary nm nm.o nm.c nm.h name gc gc.o gc.c gc.h garbage collector itp itp.c itp.h context osunix.o osunix.c osunix.h unix-dependent functions It's compile by a tricky bit of makefile, m:m.c ob.h ob.o err.o $(CORE) itp.o $(OP) cc $(CFLAGS) -DTESTMODULE $(LDLIBS) -o $@ $< err.o ob.o s.o ar.o st.o v.o di.o gc.o nm.o itp.o $(OP) f.o where the module is compiled with its own C file plus every other object file except itself. But it's creating difficulties for the kindly programmer who offered to write the Autotools files for me. So the obvious way to make it "less weird" would be to bust-out all the main functions into separate source files. But, but ... Do I gotta?

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• How to match responses from a server with their corresponding requests? [closed]

  - by Deele

  There is a server that responds to requests on a socket. The client has functions to emit requests and functions to handle responses from the server. The problem is that the request sending function and the response handling function are two unrelated functions. Given a server response X, how can I know whether it's a response to request X or some other request Y? I would like to make a construct that would ensure that response X is definitely the answer to request X and also to make a function requestX() that returns response X and not some other response Y. This question is mostly about the general programming approach and not about any specific language construct. Preferably, though, the answer would involve Ruby, TCP sockets, and PHP. My code so far: require 'socket' class TheConnection def initialize(config) @config = config end def send(s) toConsole("--> #{s}") @conn.send "#{s}\n", 0 end def connect() # Connect to the server begin @conn = TCPSocket.open(@config['server'], @config['port']) rescue Interrupt rescue Exception => detail toConsole('Exception: ' + detail.message()) print detail.backtrace.join('\n') retry end end def getSpecificAnswer(input) send "GET #{input}" end def handle_server_input(s) case s.strip when /^Hello. (.*)$/i toConsole "[ Server says hello ]" send "Hello to you too! #{$1}" else toConsole(s) end end def main_loop() while true ready = select([@conn, $stdin], nil, nil, nil) next if !ready for s in ready[0] if s == $stdin then return if $stdin.eof s = $stdin.gets send s elsif s == @conn then return if @conn.eof s = @conn.gets handle_server_input(s) end end end end def toConsole(msg) t = Time.new puts t.strftime("[%H:%M:%S]") + ' ' + msg end end @config = Hash[ 'server'=>'test.server.com', 'port'=>'2020' ] $conn = TheConnection.new(@config) $conn.connect() $conn.getSpecificAnswer('itemsX') begin $conn.main_loop() rescue Interrupt rescue Exception => detail $conn.toConsole('Exception: ' + detail.message()) print detail.backtrace.join('\n') retry end

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• FluentNHibernate Unit Of Work / Repository Design Pattern Questions

  - by Echiban

  Hi all, I think I am at a impasse here. I have an application I built from scratch using FluentNHibernate (ORM) / SQLite (file db). I have decided to implement the Unit of Work and Repository Design pattern. I am at a point where I need to think about the end game, which will start as a WPF windows app (using MVVM) and eventually implement web services / ASP.Net as UI. Now I already created domain objects (entities) for ORM. And now I don't know how should I use it outside of ORM. Questions about it include: Should I use ORM entity objects directly as models in MVVM? If yes, do I put business logic (such as certain values must be positive and be greater than another Property) in those entity objects? It is certainly the simpler approach, and one I am leaning right now. However, will there be gotchas that would trash this plan? If the answer above is no, do I then create a new set of classes to implement business logic and use those as Models in MVVM? How would I deal with the transition between model objects and entity objects? I guess a type converter implementation would work well here. Now I followed this well written article to implement the Unit Of Work pattern. However, due to the fact that I am using FluentNHibernate instead of NHibernate, I had to bastardize the implementation of UnitOfWorkFactory. Here's my implementation: using System; using FluentNHibernate.Cfg; using FluentNHibernate.Cfg.Db; using NHibernate; using NHibernate.Cfg; using NHibernate.Tool.hbm2ddl; namespace ELau.BlindsManagement.Business { public class UnitOfWorkFactory : IUnitOfWorkFactory { private static readonly string DbFilename; private static Configuration _configuration; private static ISession _currentSession; private ISessionFactory _sessionFactory; static UnitOfWorkFactory() { // arbitrary default filename DbFilename = "defaultBlindsDb.db3"; } internal UnitOfWorkFactory() { } #region IUnitOfWorkFactory Members public ISession CurrentSession { get { if (_currentSession == null) { throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionStringTable.Generic_NotInUnitOfWork); } return _currentSession; } set { _currentSession = value; } } public ISessionFactory SessionFactory { get { if (_sessionFactory == null) { _sessionFactory = BuildSessionFactory(); } return _sessionFactory; } } public Configuration Configuration { get { if (_configuration == null) { Fluently.Configure().ExposeConfiguration(c => _configuration = c); } return _configuration; } } public IUnitOfWork Create() { ISession session = CreateSession(); session.FlushMode = FlushMode.Commit; _currentSession = session; return new UnitOfWorkImplementor(this, session); } public void DisposeUnitOfWork(UnitOfWorkImplementor adapter) { CurrentSession = null; UnitOfWork.DisposeUnitOfWork(adapter); } #endregion public ISession CreateSession() { return SessionFactory.OpenSession(); } public IStatelessSession CreateStatelessSession() { return SessionFactory.OpenStatelessSession(); } private static ISessionFactory BuildSessionFactory() { ISessionFactory result = Fluently.Configure() .Database( SQLiteConfiguration.Standard .UsingFile(DbFilename) ) .Mappings(m => m.FluentMappings.AddFromAssemblyOf<UnitOfWorkFactory>()) .ExposeConfiguration(BuildSchema) .BuildSessionFactory(); return result; } private static void BuildSchema(Configuration config) { // this NHibernate tool takes a configuration (with mapping info in) // and exports a database schema from it _configuration = config; new SchemaExport(_configuration).Create(false, true); } } } I know that this implementation is flawed because a few tests pass when run individually, but when all tests are run, it would fail for some unknown reason. Whoever wants to help me out with this one, given its complexity, please contact me by private message. I am willing to send some $$$ by Paypal to someone who can address the issue and provide solid explanation. I am new to ORM, so any assistance is appreciated.

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• Pluralsight Meet the Author Podcast on Structuring JavaScript Code

  - by dwahlin

  I had the opportunity to talk with Fritz Onion from Pluralsight about one of my recent courses titled Structuring JavaScript Code for one of their Meet the Author podcasts. We talked about why JavaScript patterns are important for building more re-useable and maintainable apps, pros and cons of different patterns, and how to go about picking a pattern as a project is started. The course provides a solid walk-through of converting what I call “Function Spaghetti Code” into more modular code that’s easier to maintain, more re-useable, and less susceptible to naming conflicts. Patterns covered in the course include the Prototype Pattern, Revealing Module Pattern, and Revealing Prototype Pattern along with several other tips and techniques that can be used. Meet the Author:  Dan Wahlin on Structuring JavaScript Code   The transcript from the podcast is shown below: [Fritz]  Hello, this is Fritz Onion with another Pluralsight author interview. Today we’re talking with Dan Wahlin about his new course, Structuring JavaScript Code. Hi, Dan, it’s good to have you with us today. [Dan]  Thanks for having me, Fritz. [Fritz]  So, Dan, your new course, which came out in December of 2011 called Structuring JavaScript Code, goes into several patterns of usage in JavaScript as well as ways of organizing your code and what struck me about it was all the different techniques you described for encapsulating your code. I was wondering if you could give us just a little insight into what your motivation was for creating this course and sort of why you decided to write it and record it. [Dan]  Sure. So, I got started with JavaScript back in the mid 90s. In fact, back in the days when browsers that most people haven’t heard of were out and we had JavaScript but it wasn’t great. I was on a project in the late 90s that was heavy, heavy JavaScript and we pretty much did what I call in the course function spaghetti code where you just have function after function, there’s no rhyme or reason to how those functions are structured, they just kind of flow and it’s a little bit hard to do maintenance on it, you really don’t get a lot of reuse as far as from an object perspective. And so coming from an object-oriented background in JAVA and C#, I wanted to put something together that highlighted kind of the new way if you will of writing JavaScript because most people start out just writing functions and there’s nothing with that, it works, but it’s definitely not a real reusable solution. So the course is really all about how to move from just kind of function after function after function to the world of more encapsulated code and more reusable and hopefully better maintenance in the process. [Fritz]  So I am sure a lot of people have had similar experiences with their JavaScript code and will be looking forward to seeing what types of patterns you’ve put forth. Now, a couple I noticed in your course one is you start off with the prototype pattern. Do you want to describe sort of what problem that solves and how you go about using it within JavaScript? [Dan]  Sure. So, the patterns that are covered such as the prototype pattern and the revealing module pattern just as two examples, you know, show these kind of three things that I harp on throughout the course of encapsulation, better maintenance, reuse, those types of things. The prototype pattern specifically though has a couple kind of pros over some of the other patterns and that is the ability to extend your code without touching source code and what I mean by that is let’s say you’re writing a library that you know either other teammates or other people just out there on the Internet in general are going to be using. With the prototype pattern, you can actually write your code in such a way that we’re leveraging the JavaScript property and by doing that now you can extend my code that I wrote without touching my source code script or you can even override my code and perform some new functionality. Again, without touching my code.  And so you get kind of the benefit of the almost like inheritance or overriding in object oriented languages with this prototype pattern and it makes it kind of attractive that way definitely from a maintenance standpoint because, you know, you don’t want to modify a script I wrote because I might roll out version 2 and now you’d have to track where you change things and it gets a little tricky. So with this you just override those pieces or extend them and get that functionality and that’s kind of some of the benefits that that pattern offers out of the box. [Fritz]  And then the revealing module pattern, how does that differ from the prototype pattern and what problem does that solve differently? [Dan]  Yeah, so the prototype pattern and there’s another one that’s kind of really closely lined with revealing module pattern called the revealing prototype pattern and it also uses the prototype key word but it’s very similar to the one you just asked about the revealing module pattern. [Fritz]  Okay. [Dan]  This is a really popular one out there. In fact, we did a project for Microsoft that was very, very heavy JavaScript. It was an HMTL5 jQuery type app and we use this pattern for most of the structure if you will for the JavaScript code and what it does in a nutshell is allows you to get that encapsulation so you have really a single function wrapper that wraps all your other child functions but it gives you the ability to do public versus private members and this is kind of a sort of debate out there on the web. Some people feel that all JavaScript code should just be directly accessible and others kind of like to be able to hide their, truly their private stuff and a lot of people do that. You just put an underscore in front of your field or your variable name or your function name and that kind of is the defacto way to say hey, this is private. With the revealing module pattern you can do the equivalent of what objective oriented languages do and actually have private members that you literally can’t get to as an external consumer of the JavaScript code and then you can expose only those members that you want to be public. Now, you don’t get the benefit though of the prototype feature, which is I can’t easily extend the revealing module pattern type code if you don’t like something I’m doing, chances are you’re probably going to have to tweak my code to fix that because we’re not leveraging prototyping but in situations where you’re writing apps that are very specific to a given target app, you know, it’s not a library, it’s not going to be used in other apps all over the place, it’s a pattern I actually like a lot, it’s very simple to get going and then if you do like that public/private feature, it’s available to you. [Fritz]  Yeah, that’s interesting. So it’s almost, you can either go private by convention just by using a standard naming convention or you can actually enforce it by using the prototype pattern. [Dan]  Yeah, that’s exactly right. [Fritz]  So one of the things that I know I run across in JavaScript and I’m curious to get your take on is we do have all these different techniques of encapsulation and each one is really quite different when you’re using closures versus simply, you know, referencing member variables and adding them to your objects that the syntax changes with each pattern and the usage changes. So what would you recommend for people starting out in a brand new JavaScript project? Should they all sort of decide beforehand on what patterns they’re going to stick to or do you change it based on what part of the library you’re working on? I know that’s one of the points of confusion in this space. [Dan]  Yeah, it’s a great question. In fact, I just had a company ask me about that. So which one do I pick and, of course, there’s not one answer fits all. [Fritz]  Right. [Dan]  So it really depends what you just said is absolutely in my opinion correct, which is I think as a, especially if you’re on a team or even if you’re just an individual a team of one, you should go through and pick out which pattern for this particular project you think is best. Now if it were me, here’s kind of the way I think of it. If I were writing a let’s say base library that several web apps are going to use or even one, but I know that there’s going to be some pieces that I’m not really sure on right now as I’m writing I and I know people might want to hook in that and have some better extension points, then I would look at either the prototype pattern or the revealing prototype. Now, really just a real quick summation between the two the revealing prototype also gives you that public/private stuff like the revealing module pattern does whereas the prototype pattern does not but both of the prototype patterns do give you the benefit of that extension or that hook capability. So, if I were writing a library that I need people to override things or I’m not even sure what I need them to override, I want them to have that option, I’d probably pick a prototype, one of the prototype patterns. If I’m writing some code that is very unique to the app and it’s kind of a one off for this app which is what I think a lot of people are kind of in that mode as writing custom apps for customers, then my personal preference is the revealing module pattern you could always go with the module pattern as well which is very close but I think the revealing module patterns a little bit cleaner and we go through that in the course and explain kind of the syntax there and the differences. [Fritz]  Great, that makes a lot of sense. [Fritz]  I appreciate you taking the time, Dan, and I hope everyone takes a chance to look at your course and sort of make these decisions for themselves in their next JavaScript project. Dan’s course is, Structuring JavaScript Code and it’s available now in the Pluralsight Library. So, thank you very much, Dan. [Dan]  Thanks for having me again.

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