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• Linux RAID-0 performance doesn't scale up over 1 GB/s

  - by wazoox

  I have trouble getting the max throughput out of my setup. The hardware is as follow : dual Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2376 16 GB DDR2 ECC RAM dual Adaptec 52245 RAID controllers 48 1 TB SATA drives set up as 2 RAID-6 arrays (256KB stripe) + spares. Software : Plain vanilla 2.6.32.25 kernel, compiled for AMD-64, optimized for NUMA; Debian Lenny userland. benchmarks run : disktest, bonnie++, dd, etc. All give the same results. No discrepancy here. io scheduler used : noop. Yeah, no trick here. Up until now I basically assumed that striping (RAID 0) several physical devices should augment performance roughly linearly. However this is not the case here : each RAID array achieves about 780 MB/s write, sustained, and 1 GB/s read, sustained. writing to both RAID arrays simultaneously with two different processes gives 750 + 750 MB/s, and reading from both gives 1 + 1 GB/s. however when I stripe both arrays together, using either mdadm or lvm, the performance is about 850 MB/s writing and 1.4 GB/s reading. at least 30% less than expected! running two parallel writer or reader processes against the striped arrays doesn't enhance the figures, in fact it degrades performance even further. So what's happening here? Basically I ruled out bus or memory contention, because when I run dd on both drives simultaneously, aggregate write speed actually reach 1.5 GB/s and reading speed tops 2 GB/s. So it's not the PCIe bus. I suppose it's not the RAM. It's not the filesystem, because I get exactly the same numbers benchmarking against the raw device or using XFS. And I also get exactly the same performance using either LVM striping and md striping. What's wrong? What's preventing a process from going up to the max possible throughput? Is Linux striping defective? What other tests could I run?

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• Hang while starting several daemons [solved]

  - by Adrian Lang

  I’m running a Debian Squeeze AMD64 server. Target runlevel after boot is runlevel 2, which includes rsyslogd, cron, sshd and some other stuff, but not dovecot, postfix, apache2, etc. The system fails to reach runlevel 2 with several symptoms: The system hangs at trying to start rsyslogd Booting into runlevel 1 works, then login from the console works Starting rsyslogd from runlevel 1 via /etc/init.d/rsyslog hangs Starting runlevel 2 with rsyslogd disabled works But then, logging in via console fails: I get the motd, and then nothing Starting sshd from runlevel 1 succeeds But then, I cannot login via ssh. Sometimes password ssh login gives me the motd and then nothing, sometimes not even this. Trying to offer a public key seems to annoy the sshd enough to not talk to me any further. When rebooting from runlevel 1, the server hangs at trying to stop apache2 (which is not running, so this really should be trivial). Trying to stop apache2 when logged in in runleve 1 does hang as well. And that’s just the stuff which fails all the time. RAM has been tested, dmesg shows no problems. I have no clue. Update: (shortened) output from rsyslogd -c4 -d called in runlevel 1 rsyslogd 4.6.4 startup, compatibility mode 4, module path '' caller requested object 'net', not found (iRet -3003) Requested to load module 'lmnet' loading module '/user/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so' module of type 2 being loaded conf.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount 1 rsylog runtime initialized, version 4.6.4, current users 1 syslogd.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount now 2 I can kill rsyslogd with Strg+C, then. /var/log shows none of the configured log files, though. Update2: Thanks to @DerfK I still have no clue, but at least I narrowed down the problem. I’m now testing with /etc/init.d/apache2 stop (without an apache2 running, of course) which hangs as well and looks like an even more obvious failure. After some testing I found out that a file with one single line: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest /dev/null 2&1 hangs, while the same line executed in an interactive shell works. I was not able to further reduce this line while, i. e. every single part, the stream redirections and the commando itself is necessary to reproduce the hang. @DerfK also pointed me to strace which gave a shallow hint about what kind of hang we have here: wait4(-1for the init scripts futex(0xsomepointer, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL for rsyslogd / apache2 binaries called by the init scripts The system was installed as a Debian Lenny by my hoster in autumn 2011, I upgraded it to Squeeze immediately and kept it up to date with Squeeze, which then used to be testing. There were no big changes, though. I guess I never tried to reboot the system before. Update3: I found the problem. My /etc/nsswitch.conf specified ldap as hosts lookup backup, which is not available at that time of the boot. Relying on dns solely fixes my boot problems.

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• High I/O latency with software RAID, LUKS encrypted and LVM partitioned KVM setup

  - by aef

  I found out a performance problems with a Mumble server, which I described in a previous question are caused by an I/O latency problem of unknown origin. As I have no idea what is causing this and how to further debug it, I'm asking for your ideas on the topic. I'm running a Hetzner EX4S root server as KVM hypervisor. The server is running Debian Wheezy Beta 4 and KVM virtualisation is utilized through LibVirt. The server has two different 3TB hard drives as one of the hard drives was replaced after S.M.A.R.T. errors were reported. The first hard disk is a Seagate Barracuda XT ST33000651AS (512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical sector size), the other one a Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF) ST3000DM001-9YN166 (512 bytes logical and physical sector size). There are two Linux software RAID1 devices. One for the unencrypted boot partition and one as container for the encrypted rest, using both hard drives. Inside the latter RAID device lies an AES encrypted LUKS container. Inside the LUKS container there is a LVM physical volume. The hypervisor's VFS is split on three logical volumes on the described LVM physical volume: one for /, one for /home and one for swap. Here is a diagram of the block device configuration stack: sda (Physical HDD) - md0 (RAID1) - md1 (RAID1) sdb (Physical HDD) - md0 (RAID1) - md1 (RAID1) md0 (Boot RAID) - ext4 (/boot) md1 (Data RAID) - LUKS container - LVM Physical volume - LVM volume hypervisor-root - LVM volume hypervisor-home - LVM volume hypervisor-swap - … (Virtual machine volumes) The guest systems (virtual machines) are mostly running Debian Wheezy Beta 4 too. We have one additional Ubuntu Precise instance. They get their block devices from the LVM physical volume, too. The volumes are accessed through Virtio drivers in native writethrough mode. The IO scheduler (elevator) on both the hypervisor and the guest system is set to deadline instead of the default cfs as that happened to be the most performant setup according to our bonnie++ test series. The I/O latency problem is experienced not only inside the guest systems but is also affecting services running on the hypervisor system itself. The setup seems complex, but I'm sure that not the basic structure causes the latency problems, as my previous server ran four years with almost the same basic setup, without any of the performance problems. On the old setup the following things were different: Debian Lenny was the OS for both hypervisor and almost all guests Xen software virtualisation (therefore no Virtio, also) no LibVirt management Different hard drives, each 1.5TB in size (one of them was a Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 ST31500341AS, the other one I can't tell anymore) We had no IPv6 connectivity Neither in the hypervisor nor in guests we had noticable I/O latency problems According the the datasheets, the current hard drives and the one of the old machine have an average latency of 4.12ms.

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• Hang while starting several daemons

  - by Adrian Lang

  I’m running a Debian Squeeze AMD64 server. Target runlevel after boot is runlevel 2, which includes rsyslogd, cron, sshd and some other stuff, but not dovecot, postfix, apache2, etc. The system fails to reach runlevel 2 with several symptoms: The system hangs at trying to start rsyslogd Booting into runlevel 1 works, then login from the console works Starting rsyslogd from runlevel 1 via /etc/init.d/rsyslog hangs Starting runlevel 2 with rsyslogd disabled works But then, logging in via console fails: I get the motd, and then nothing Starting sshd from runlevel 1 succeeds But then, I cannot login via ssh. Sometimes password ssh login gives me the motd and then nothing, sometimes not even this. Trying to offer a public key seems to annoy the sshd enough to not talk to me any further. When rebooting from runlevel 1, the server hangs at trying to stop apache2 (which is not running, so this really should be trivial). Trying to stop apache2 when logged in in runleve 1 does hang as well. And that’s just the stuff which fails all the time. RAM has been tested, dmesg shows no problems. I have no clue. Update: (shortened) output from rsyslogd -c4 -d called in runlevel 1 rsyslogd 4.6.4 startup, compatibility mode 4, module path '' caller requested object 'net', not found (iRet -3003) Requested to load module 'lmnet' loading module '/user/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so' module of type 2 being loaded conf.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount 1 rsylog runtime initialized, version 4.6.4, current users 1 syslogd.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount now 2 I can kill rsyslogd with Strg+C, then. /var/log shows none of the configured log files, though. Update2: Thanks to @DerfK I still have no clue, but at least I narrowed down the problem. I’m now testing with /etc/init.d/apache2 stop (without an apache2 running, of course) which hangs as well and looks like an even more obvious failure. After some testing I found out that a file with one single line: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest /dev/null 2&1 hangs, while the same line executed in an interactive shell works. I was not able to further reduce this line while, i. e. every single part, the stream redirections and the commando itself is necessary to reproduce the hang. @DerfK also pointed me to strace which gave a shallow hint about what kind of hang we have here: wait4(-1for the init scripts futex(0xsomepointer, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL for rsyslogd / apache2 binaries called by the init scripts The system was installed as a Debian Lenny by my hoster in autumn 2011, I upgraded it to Squeeze immediately and kept it up to date with Squeeze, which then used to be testing. There were no big changes, though. I guess I never tried to reboot the system before.

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• Java map / nio / NFS issue causing a VM fault: "a fault occurred in a recent unsafe memory access op

  - by Matthew Bloch

  I have written a parser class for a particular binary format (nfdump if anyone is interested) which uses java.nio's MappedByteBuffer to read through files of a few GB each. The binary format is just a series of headers and mostly fixed-size binary records, which are fed out to the called by calling nextRecord(), which pushes on the state machine, returning null when it's done. It performs well. It works on a development machine. On my production host, it can run for a few minutes or hours, but always seems to throw "java.lang.InternalError: a fault occurred in a recent unsafe memory access operation in compiled Java code", fingering one of the Map.getInt, getShort methods, i.e. a read operation in the map. The uncontroversial (?) code that sets up the map is this: /** Set up the map from the given filename and position */ protected void open() throws IOException { // Set up buffer, is this all the flexibility we'll need? channel = new FileInputStream(file).getChannel(); MappedByteBuffer map1 = channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, channel.size()); map1.load(); // we want the whole thing, plus seems to reduce frequency of crashes? map = map1; // assumes the host writing the files is little-endian (x86), ought to be configurable map.order(java.nio.ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN); map.position(position); } and then I use the various map.get* methods to read shorts, ints, longs and other sequences of bytes, before hitting the end of the file and closing the map. I've never seen the exception thrown on my development host. But the significant point of difference between my production host and development is that on the former, I am reading sequences of these files over NFS (probably 6-8TB eventually, still growing). On my dev machine, I have a smaller selection of these files locally (60GB), but when it blows up on the production host it's usually well before it gets to 60GB of data. Both machines are running java 1.6.0_20-b02, though the production host is running Debian/lenny, the dev host is Ubuntu/karmic. I'm not convinced that will make any difference. Both machines have 16GB RAM, and are running with the same java heap settings. I take the view that if there is a bug in my code, there is enough of a bug in the JVM not to throw me a proper exception! But I think it is just a particular JVM implementation bug due to interactions between NFS and mmap, possibly a recurrence of 6244515 which is officially fixed. I already tried adding in a "load" call to force the MappedByteBuffer to load its contents into RAM - this seemed to delay the error in the one test run I've done, but not prevent it. Or it could be coincidence that was the longest it had gone before crashing! If you've read this far and have done this kind of thing with java.nio before, what would your instinct be? Right now mine is to rewrite it without nio :)

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• Postfix - am I sending spam?

  - by olrehm

  today I received like 30 messages within 5 minutes telling me that some mail I send could not be delivered, mostly to *.ru email addresses which I did not send any mail to. I have my own webserver (postfix/dovecot) set up using this guide (http://workaround.org/ispmail/lenny) but adjusted a little bit for Ubuntu. I tested whether I am an Open Relay which I am apparently not. Now there are two possible reasons for the above mentioned emails: Either I am sending out spam, or somebody wants me to think that, correct? How can I check this? I selected one particular address that I supposedly send spam to. Then I searched my mail.log for this entry. I found two blocks that record that somebody from the server connected to my server and delivered some message to two different users. I cannot find an entry reporting that anyone from my server send an email to that server. Does this mean its just some mail to scare me or could it still have been send by me in the first place? Here is one such block from the log (I replaced some confidential stuff): Jun 26 23:23:28 mycustomernumber postfix/smtpd[29970]: connect from mx.webstyle.ru[195.144.251.97] Jun 26 23:23:29 mycustomernumber postfix/smtpd[29970]: 044991528995: client=mx.webstyle.ru[195.144.251.97] Jun 26 23:23:29 mycustomernumber postfix/cleanup[29974]: 044991528995: message-id=<[email protected]> Jun 26 23:23:29 mycustomernumber postfix/qmgr[3369]: 044991528995: from=<>, size=2198, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 26 23:23:29 mycustomernumber amavis[28598]: (28598-11) ESMTP::10024 /var/lib/amavis/tmp/amavis-20110626T223137-28598: <> -> <[email protected]> SIZE=2198 Received: from mycustomernumber.stratoserver.net ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (rehmsen.de [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP for <[email protected]>; Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:23:29 +0200 (CEST) Jun 26 23:23:29 mycustomernumber amavis[28598]: (28598-11) Checking: YakjkrdFq6A8 [195.144.251.97] <> -> <[email protected]> Jun 26 23:23:29 mycustomernumber postfix/smtpd[29970]: disconnect from mx.webstyle.ru[195.144.251.97] Jun 26 23:23:29 mycustomernumber amavis[28598]: (28598-11) lookup_sql_field(id) (WARN: no such field in the SQL table), "[email protected]" result=undef Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber postfix/smtpd[29979]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber postfix/smtpd[29979]: 0A1FA1528A21: client=localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber postfix/cleanup[29974]: 0A1FA1528A21: message-id=<[email protected]> Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber postfix/qmgr[3369]: 0A1FA1528A21: from=<>, size=2841, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber postfix/smtpd[29979]: disconnect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber amavis[28598]: (28598-11) FWD via SMTP: <> -> <[email protected]>,BODY=7BIT 250 2.0.0 Ok, id=28598-11, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 0A1FA1528A21 Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber amavis[28598]: (28598-11) Passed CLEAN, [195.144.251.97] [195.144.251.97] <> -> <[email protected]>, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: YakjkrdFq6A8, Hits: 2.249, size: 2197, queued_as: 0A1FA1528A21, 2882 ms Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber postfix/smtp[29975]: 044991528995: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=3.3, delays=0.39/0.01/0.01/2.9, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok, id=28598-11, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 0A1FA1528A21) Jun 26 23:23:32 mycustomernumber postfix/qmgr[3369]: 044991528995: removed Jun 26 23:23:33 mycustomernumber postfix/smtp[29980]: 0A1FA1528A21: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=mx3.hotmail.com[65.54.188.110]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.15/0.02/0.51/0.55, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 <[email protected]> Queued mail for delivery) Jun 26 23:23:33 mycustomernumber postfix/qmgr[3369]: 0A1FA1528A21: removed Jun 26 23:26:49 mycustomernumber postfix/anvil[29972]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:195.144.251.97) at Jun 26 23:23:28 Jun 26 23:26:49 mycustomernumber postfix/anvil[29972]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:195.144.251.97) at Jun 26 23:23:28 Jun 26 23:26:49 mycustomernumber postfix/anvil[29972]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Jun 26 23:23:28 I can provide more info if you tell me what you need to know. Thank you for you help!

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• Securing smtp with login

  - by Paul Peelen

  I have a ispconfig server, and it seems that someone is using it to send spam. I got about 130 "Mail Delivery System" email about declined send email. This spammer uses my email address as sent from adress, so I get all these email adresses to my mail. I am using Postfix and Courier. I installed my server according to this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-debian-lenny-ispconfig3-p3 I did this a few months ago. My question: Can I secure my server to require login to be able to send email, and if so... how? Thanks! EDIT Some data from mail.log, these kind of error show up constantly: Jun 15 17:58:16 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: CC7DA1242AE: from=<paul@*****.se>, size=3782, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 15 17:58:16 bolt postfix/smtp[11337]: CC7DA1242AE: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=4641, delays=4640/0.01/0.32/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=cmlisboa.pt type=MX: Host not found, try again) Jun 15 17:58:19 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: connect from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154]: 550 5.1.1 <advertising@*****.com>: Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table; from=<[email protected]> to=<advertising@*****.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net> Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: lost connection after DATA (0 bytes) from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: disconnect from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:29 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: connect from unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:32 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: 386791241F9: client=unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:34 bolt postfix/cleanup[10975]: 386791241F9: message-id=<[email protected]> Jun 15 17:58:34 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: 386791241F9: from=<[email protected]>, size=867, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: disconnect from unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt amavis[11084]: (11084-17) Blocked SPAM, [62.176.172.226] [62.176.172.226] <[email protected]> -> <*****@*****>, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: XczovKoMBYNr, Hits: 18.471, size: 867, 833 ms Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/smtp[10732]: 386791241F9: to=<*****@*****>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=3.5, delays=2.7/0/0/0.83, dsn=2.7.0, status=sent (250 2.7.0 Ok, discarded, id=11084-17 - SPAM) Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: 386791241F9: removed Jun 15 17:58:43 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: warning: 178.121.154.194: address not listed for hostname mm-194-154-121-178.dynamic.pppoe.mgts.by Jun 15 17:58:43 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: connect from unknown[178.121.154.194] Jun 15 17:58:45 bolt postfix/smtpd[10727]: connect from unknown[180.134.223.86] EDIT #2 Got some more info from the logs, this is a send request: mail.info.1:Jun 15 16:41:57 bolt amavis[5399]: (05399-06) Passed CLEAN, [110.139.48.64] [110.139.48.64] <paul@*****.se> -> <[email protected]>, Message-ID: <CHILKAT-MID-7c54ebcf-5501-de9b-f0b1-4f0234290d8d@HP-IRISH>, mail_id: 35l56Ramx6Nc, Hits: -2.941, size: 3329, queued_as: 2485770086, 136 ms mail.info.1:Jun 15 16:41:57 bolt postfix/smtp[4743]: 375C570082: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=4.8, delays=4.7/0/0/0.14, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok, id=05399-06, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 2485770086) Which apparently got thrue. Any ideas how to restrict this?

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• Performance Tuning a High-Load Apache Server

  - by futureal

  I am looking to understand some server performance problems I am seeing with a (for us) heavily loaded web server. The environment is as follows: Debian Lenny (all stable packages + patched to security updates) Apache 2.2.9 PHP 5.2.6 Amazon EC2 large instance The behavior we're seeing is that the web typically feels responsive, but with a slight delay to begin handling a request -- sometimes a fraction of a second, sometimes 2-3 seconds in our peak usage times. The actual load on the server is being reported as very high -- often 10.xx or 20.xx as reported by top. Further, running other things on the server during these times (even vi) is very slow, so the load is definitely up there. Oddly enough Apache remains very responsive, other than that initial delay. We have Apache configured as follows, using prefork: StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 And KeepAlive as: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 Looking at the server-status page, even at these times of heavy load we are rarely hitting the client cap, usually serving between 80-100 requests and many of those in the keepalive state. That tells me to rule out the initial request slowness as "waiting for a handler" but I may be wrong. Amazon's CloudWatch monitoring tells me that even when our OS is reporting a load of 15, our instance CPU utilization is between 75-80%. Example output from top: top - 15:47:06 up 31 days, 1:38, 8 users, load average: 11.46, 7.10, 6.56 Tasks: 221 total, 28 running, 193 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 66.9%us, 22.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 2.6%id, 3.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.7%si, 4.5%st Mem: 7871900k total, 7850624k used, 21276k free, 68728k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3750664k cached The majority of the processes look like: 24720 www-data 15 0 202m 26m 4412 S 9 0.3 0:02.97 apache2 24530 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4544 S 7 0.5 0:03.05 apache2 24846 www-data 15 0 209m 33m 4420 S 7 0.4 0:01.03 apache2 24083 www-data 15 0 211m 35m 4484 S 7 0.5 0:07.14 apache2 24615 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4404 S 7 0.5 0:02.89 apache2 Example output from vmstat at the same time as the above: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 8 0 0 215084 68908 3774864 0 0 154 228 5 7 32 12 42 9 6 21 0 198948 68936 3775740 0 0 676 2363 4022 1047 56 16 9 15 23 0 0 169460 68936 3776356 0 0 432 1372 3762 835 76 21 0 0 23 1 0 140412 68936 3776648 0 0 280 0 3157 827 70 25 0 0 20 1 0 115892 68936 3776792 0 0 188 8 2802 532 68 24 0 0 6 1 0 133368 68936 3777780 0 0 752 71 3501 878 67 29 0 1 0 1 0 146656 68944 3778064 0 0 308 2052 3312 850 38 17 19 24 2 0 0 202104 68952 3778140 0 0 28 90 2617 700 44 13 33 5 9 0 0 188960 68956 3778200 0 0 8 0 2226 475 59 17 6 2 3 0 0 166364 68956 3778252 0 0 0 21 2288 386 65 19 1 0 And finally, output from Apache's server-status: Server uptime: 31 days 2 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds Total accesses: 60102946 - Total Traffic: 974.5 GB CPU Usage: u209.62 s75.19 cu0 cs0 - .0106% CPU load 22.4 requests/sec - 380.3 kB/second - 17.0 kB/request 107 requests currently being processed, 6 idle workers C.KKKW..KWWKKWKW.KKKCKK..KKK.KKKK.KK._WK.K.K.KKKKK.K.R.KK..C.C.K K.C.K..WK_K..KKW_CK.WK..W.KKKWKCKCKW.W_KKKKK.KKWKKKW._KKK.CKK... KK_KWKKKWKCKCWKK.KKKCK.......................................... ................................................................ From my limited experience I draw the following conclusions/questions: We may be allowing far too many KeepAlive requests I do see some time spent waiting for IO in the vmstat although not consistently and not a lot (I think?) so I am not sure this is a big concern or not, I am less experienced with vmstat Also in vmstat, I see in some iterations a number of processes waiting to be served, which is what I am attributing the initial page load delay on our web server to, possibly erroneously We serve a mixture of static content (75% or higher) and script content, and the script content is often fairly processor intensive, so finding the right balance between the two is important; long term we want to move statics elsewhere to optimize both servers but our software is not ready for that today I am happy to provide additional information if anybody has any ideas, the other note is that this is a high-availability production installation so I am wary of making tweak after tweak, and is why I haven't played with things like the KeepAlive value myself yet.

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• Connecting tomcat6 to apache2

  - by StudentKen

  Disclaimier: Not a server admin I've been scratching my head over this for weeks now (not consistently mind you, as that would be maddening). I've been trying to connect my apache2 server to my tomcat server to the point where if someone encounters *.jsp or any servelet in navigating my web directory, it's handed over to tomcat. I have both Apache2.0 (port 9099) and Tomcat6 (9089) running on Debian lenny on the same box. Currently, mod_jk is enabled with mod_jk.conf in $apacheHOME/mods-enabled/ with content: # Where to find workers.properties JkWorkersFile /etc/apache2/workers.properties # Where to put jk shared memory JkShmFile /var/log/at_jk/mod_jk.shm # Where to put jk logs JkLogFile /var/log/at_jk/mod_jk.log # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info] JkLogLevel info # Select the timestamp log format JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " # Send servlet for context /examples to worker named worker1 JkMount /*/servlet/* worker1 # Send JSPs for context /examples to worker named worker1 JkMount /*.jsp worker1 my workers.properties located in $apacheHOME/ with content: workers.tomcat_home=/var/lib/tomcat6 workers.java_home=/usr/lib/jdk1.6.0_23/db/ worker.list=worker1 ps=/ worker.worker1.port=9071 worker.worker1.host=localhost worker.worker1.type=ajp13 my web.xml in $tomcatHOME/conf has the following servlets enabled <servlet> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-cla$ <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>0</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>listings</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>fork</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout>30</session-timeout> </session-config> From what I can tell, there's no funny buisness as both the apache2, tomcat, and mod_jk logs show green; yet whenever I navigate to a jsp, it simply displays the javascript. I'm unsure what the problem is exactly despite pouring over the logs and documentation for aid. I'm quite a greenhorn in the servelet world.

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• Static file download from browser breaking in varnish but works fine in Apache

  - by Ron

  I would at first like to thank everyone at serverfault for this great website and I also come to this site while searching in google for various server related issues and setups. I also have an issue today and so I am posting here and hope that the seniors would help me out. I had setup a website on a dedicated server a few days ago and I used Varnish 3 as the frontend to Apache2 on a Debian Lenny server as the traffic was a bit high. There are several static file downloads of around 10-20 MB in size in the website. The website looked fine in the last few days after I setup. I was checking from a 5mbps + broadband connection and the file downloads were also completed in seconds and working fine. But today I realized that on a slow internet connection the file downloads were breaking off. When I tried to download the files from the website using a browser then it broke off after a minute or so. It kept on happening again and again and so it had nothing to do with the internet connection. The internet connection was around 512 kbps and so it was not dial up level speed too but decent speed where files should easily download though not that fast. Then I thought of trying out with the apache backend port and used the port number to check out if the problem occurs. But then on adding the apache port in the static file download url, the files got downloaded easily and did not break even once. I tried it several times to make sure that it was not a coincidence but every time I was using the apache port in the file download url then it was downloading fine while it was breaking each time with the normal link which was routed through Varnish I suppose. So, it seems Varnish has somehow resulted in the broken file downloads. Could anyone give any idea as to why it is happening and how to fix the problem. For more clarification, take this example: Apache backend set on port 8008, Varnish frontend set on port 80 Now when I download say http://mywebsite.com/directory/filename.extension Then the download breaks off after a minute or so. I cannot be sure it is due to the time or size though and I am just assuming. May be some other reason too. But when I download using: http://mywebsite.com:8008/directory/filename.extension Then the file download does not break at all and it gets download fine. So, it seems that varnish is somehow creating the file download breaking and not apache. Does anybody have any idea as to why it is happening and how can it be fixed. Any help would be highly appreciated. And my varnish default.vcl is backend apache { set backend.host = "127.0.0.1"; set backend.port = "8008"; } sub vcl_deliver { remove resp.http.X-Varnish; remove resp.http.Via; remove resp.http.Age; remove resp.http.Server; remove resp.http.X-Powered-By; }

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• Using nginx + wordpress with all wordpress files in a subdirectory

  - by GorillaPatch

  My setup I am running nginx 0.7.67 on Debian Lenny as a webserver, not as a reverse proxy. I am using php5-fpm to handle my PHP requests, which works fine. My aim I would like to have a wordpress installation that is layed out as described here clean wordpress subversion installation. I would like to have a clean wordpress installation without cluttering my server root directory with all the wordpress files. That means that my wordpress installation would be in /wordpress and my themes and plugins inside /wordpress-content. The important point however is that if you navigate to my domain www.example.com then you would be taken directly to the wordpress blog, without having to specify the subdirectory where wordpress lives. I found a how-to at the nginx site installing wordpress but unfortunately this is for moving the entire wordpress directory instead of redirecting the traffic to it. I tried with the following configuration: example.conf in sites-available server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/www.example.com.access.log main; root /var/www/example/htdocs; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /wordpress/index.php?q=$uri&$args; } include /etc/nginx/includes/php5-wordpress.conf; include /etc/nginx/includes/deny.conf; } php5-wordpress.conf in includes location /wordpress { try_files $uri $uri/ /wordpress/index.php?q=$uri&$args; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(/wordpress)(/.*)$; fastcgi_ignore_client_abort on; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.socket; fastcgi_index index.php; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; } fastcgi_params fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; The problems I have is that when I go to the adress "http://www.example.com" I get a 403 error as I disabled directory listing. Instead I would like my wordpress to appear then. Also if I navigate to "http://www.example.com/wordpress" I get a "file not found" error. However if I comment out the fastcgi_split_path_info line in my php5-wordpress.conf at least the wordpress installation works inside /wordpress. I need help how to debug this behavior or where I can find more information. Thanks alot. Update: Added error log entry for the 403 error. in the error.log I get the following entry for the 403 error: 2010/12/11 07:54:24 [error] 9496#0: *1 directory index of "/var/www/example/htdocs/" is forbidden, client: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX, server: www.example.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "www.example.com" Update 2: Added the nginx.conf below: user www-data; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $status ' '"$request" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; index index.php index.html; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; }

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• MySQL 5.1.49 freezing every two days

  - by maximus

  Hi all, our mysql system is "freezing" every two days. By "freezing" i mean the following: it doesn't respond to ping we can't login with SSH we don't get any answer from MySQL there is no entry in the error logs! neither from linux neither from MySQL. we have already changed to a completely new hardware, we have the same problem, so it's definitely not a hardware problem. we do not have any other software installed except a firewall (iptables rule) we can restart the server from another server using rsyslog (www.rsyslog.com)(software reset) Could someone help me, by giving me some pointers what could i do to figure out the problem? I have included every detail about our settings. Thank you in advance for your help. Max. Our system parameters and settings: System-Memory: 12GB Processor: Intel 7-920 Quadcore Operating system: Debian 5 (lenny) 64bit MySQL 5.1.49 Databases: (a) a small phpbb forum (b) a 6GB database 3 tables with about 15 million rows my.cnf # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp language = /usr/share/mysql/english skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = our-ip-address # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 256K thread_cache_size = 32 max_connections = 300 table_cache = 2048 #thread_concurrency = 4 # Used for InnoDB tables recommended to 50%-80% available memory innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G # 20MB sometimes larger innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M # 8M-16M is good for most situations innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M # Disable XA support because we do not use it innodb-support-xa = 0 # 1 is default wich is 100% secure but 2 offers better performance innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT #innodb_thread_concurency = 8 # Recommended 64M - 512M depending on server size innodb_log_file_size = 512M # One file per table innodb_file_per_table # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M #query_cache_type = 1 #query_cache_min_res_unit= 2K #join_buffer_size = 1M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 # # Error logging goes to syslog. This is a Debian improvement :) # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log long_query_time = 2 log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. #server-id = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log # WARNING: Using expire_logs_days without bin_log crashes the server! See README.Debian! expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # * InnoDB plugin # As of MySQL 5.1.38, the InnoDB plugin from Oracle is included in the MySQL source code. # It has many improvements and better performances than the built-in InnoDB storage engine. # Please read http://www.innodb.com/products/innodb_plugin/ for more information. # Uncommenting the two following lines to use the InnoDB plugin. ignore_builtin_innodb plugin-load=innodb=ha_innodb_plugin.so # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * NDB Cluster # # See /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-*/README.Debian for more information. # # The following configuration is read by the NDB Data Nodes (ndbd processes) # not from the NDB Management Nodes (ndb_mgmd processes). # # [MYSQL_CLUSTER] # ndb-connectstring=127.0.0.1 # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ UPDATE After installing sysstat and configuring it to collect data after every minute i have the following datas. I used sar to generate the following output: The log-file is too big so coudn't enter it here but uploaded to box.net. The link is http://www.box.net/shared/xc6rh7qqob SECOND UPDATE We started a ping command in the background, and that solved the problem. Now the server does work since more then a week. We still don't know what's the problem.

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• "bad record MAC" SSL error between Java and PortgreSQL

  - by Stéphane Bagnier

  Hello there ! We've got here a problem of random disconnections between our Java apps and our PostgreSQL 8.3 server with a "bad record MAC" SSL error. We run Debian / Lenny on both side. On the client side, we see : 2010-03-09 02:36:27,980 WARN org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter.logExceptions(JDBCExceptionReporter.java:100) - SQL Error: 0, SQLState: 08006 2010-03-09 02:36:27,980 ERROR org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter.logExceptions(JDBCExceptionReporter.java:101) - An I/O error occured while sending to the backend. 2010-03-09 02:36:27,981 ERROR org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.toggleAutoCommit(JDBCTransaction.java:232) - Could not toggle autocommit org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: An I/O error occured while sending to the backend. at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:220) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Connection.executeTransactionCommand(AbstractJdbc2Connection.java:650) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Connection.commit(AbstractJdbc2Connection.java:670) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Connection.setAutoCommit(AbstractJdbc2Connection.java:633) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor5.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SingleConnectionDataSource$CloseSuppressingInvocationHandler.invoke(SingleConnectionDataSource.java:336) at $Proxy17.setAutoCommit(Unknown Source) at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.toggleAutoCommit(JDBCTransaction.java:228) at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.rollbackAndResetAutoCommit(JDBCTransaction.java:220) at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.rollback(JDBCTransaction.java:196) at org.hibernate.ejb.TransactionImpl.rollback(TransactionImpl.java:85) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doRollback(JpaTransactionManager.java:482) at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.processRollback(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:823) at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.rollback(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:800) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(TransactionAspectSupport.java:339) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:110) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:171) at org.springframework.aop.framework.Cglib2AopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(Cglib2AopProxy.java:635) ... Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Connection has been shutdown: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: bad record MAC at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.checkEOF(SSLSocketImpl.java:1255) at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.checkWrite(SSLSocketImpl.java:1267) at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(AppOutputStream.java:43) at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:65) at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(BufferedOutputStream.java:123) at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.flush(PGStream.java:508) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.sendSync(QueryExecutorImpl.java:692) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:193) ... 22 more Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: bad record MAC at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:190) at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1611) at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1569) at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:850) at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readDataRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:746) at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.AppInputStream.read(AppInputStream.java:75) at org.postgresql.core.VisibleBufferedInputStream.readMore(VisibleBufferedInputStream.java:135) at org.postgresql.core.VisibleBufferedInputStream.ensureBytes(VisibleBufferedInputStream.java:104) at org.postgresql.core.VisibleBufferedInputStream.read(VisibleBufferedInputStream.java:186) at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.Receive(PGStream.java:445) at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.ReceiveTupleV3(PGStream.java:350) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1322) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:194) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.execute(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:451) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeWithFlags(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:350) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeQuery(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:254) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.getResultSet(AbstractBatcher.java:208) at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.getResultSet(Loader.java:1808) at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQuery(Loader.java:697) at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(Loader.java:259) at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.loadCollection(Loader.java:2015) at org.hibernate.loader.collection.CollectionLoader.initialize(CollectionLoader.java:59) at org.hibernate.persister.collection.AbstractCollectionPersister.initialize(AbstractCollectionPersister.java:587) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultInitializeCollectionEventListener.onInitializeCollection(DefaultInitializeCollectionEventListener.java:83) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.initializeCollection(SessionImpl.java:1743) at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.initialize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:366) at org.hibernate.collection.PersistentSet.add(PersistentSet.java:212) ... the cypher suite SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA was used. We tried on the client side : the OpenJDK package the sun JDK package the sun tar package the libbcprov-java package the PostgreSQL driver 8.3 instead of 8.4 On the server side we see : 2010-03-01 08:26:05 CET [18513]: [161833-1] LOG: SSL error: sslv3 alert bad record mac 2010-03-01 08:26:05 CET [18513]: [161834-1] LOG: could not receive data from client: Connection reset by peer 2010-03-01 08:26:05 CET [18513]: [161835-1] LOG: unexpected EOF on client connection the error type seams to be SSL_R_SSLV3_ALERT_BAD_RECORD_MAC. the SSL layer is configured with : ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' and on the server side we changed the cipher suites to : 'ALL:!SSLv2:!MEDIUM:!AES:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' but none of these changes fixed the problem. Suggestions appreciated !

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• passing multiple queries to view with codeigniter

  - by LvS

  I am trying to build a forum with Codeigniter. So far i have the forums themselves displayed and the threads displayed, based on the creating dynamic news tutorial. But that is 2 different pages, i need to obviously display them into one page, like this: Forum 1 - thread 1 - thread 2 - thread 3 Forum 2 - thread 1 - thread 2 etc. And then the next step is obviously to display all the posts in a thread. Most likely with some pagination going on. But that is for later. For now i have the forum controller (slimmed version): <?php class Forum extends CI_Controller { public function __construct() { parent::__construct(); $this->load->model('forum_model'); $this->lang->load('forum'); $this->lang->load('dutch'); } public function index() { $data['forums'] = $this->forum_model->get_forums(); $data['title'] = $this->lang->line('title'); $data['view'] = $this->lang->line('view'); $this->load->view('templates/header', $data); $this->load->view('forum/index', $data); $this->load->view('templates/footer'); } public function view($slug) { $data['forum_item'] = $this->forum_model->get_forums($slug); if (empty($data['forum_item'])) { show_404(); } $data['title'] = $data['forum_item']['title']; $this->load->view('templates/header', $data); $this->load->view('forum/view', $data); $this->load->view('templates/footer'); } } ?> And the forum_model (also slimmed down) <?php class Forum_model extends CI_Model { public function __construct() { $this->load->database(); } public function get_forums($slug = FALSE) { if ($slug === FALSE) { $query= $this->db->get('forum'); return $query->result_array(); } $query = $this->db->get_where('forum', array('slug' => $slug)); return $query->row_array(); } public function get_threads($forumid, $limit, $offset) { $query = $this->db->get_where('thread', array('forumid', $forumid), $limit, $offset); return $query->result_array(); } } ?> And the view file <?php foreach ($forums as $forum_item): ?> <h2><?=$forum_item['title']?></h2> <div id="main"> <?=$forum_item['description']?> </div> <p><a href="forum/<?php echo $forum_item['slug'] ?>"><?=$view?></a></p> <?php endforeach ?> Now that last one, i would like to have something like this: <?php foreach ($forums as $forum_item): ?> <h2><?=$forum_item['title']?></h2> <div id="main"> <?=$forum_item['description']?> </div> <?php foreach ($threads as $thread_item): ?> <h2><?php echo $thread_item['title'] ?></h2> <p><a href="thread/<?php echo $thread_item['slug'] ?>"><?=$view?></a></p> <?php endforeach ?> <?php endforeach ?> But the question is, how do i get the model to return like a double query to the view, so that it contains both the forums and the threads within each forum. I tried to make a foreach loop in the get_forum function, but when i do this: public function get_forums($slug = FALSE) { if ($slug === FALSE) { $query= $this->db->get('forum'); foreach ($query->row_array() as $forum_item) { $thread_query=$this->get_threads($forum_item->forumid, 50, 0); } return $query->result_array(); } $query = $this->db->get_where('forum', array('slug' => $slug)); return $query->row_array(); } i get the error A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Trying to get property of non-object Filename: models/forum_model.php Line Number: 16 I hope anyone has some good tips, thanks! Lenny *EDIT*** Thanks for the feedback. I have been puzzling and this seems to work now :) $query= $this->db->get('forum'); foreach ($query->result() as $forum_item) { $forum[$forum_item->forumid]['title']=$forum_item->title; $thread_query=$this->db->get_where('thread', array('forumid' => $forum_item->forumid), 20, 0); foreach ($thread_query->result() as $thread_item) { $forum[$forum_item->forumid]['thread'][]=$thread_item->title; } } return $forum; } What is now next, is how to display this multidimensional array in the view, with foreach statements.... Any suggestions ? Thanks

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• Why doesn't pppd over ssh work here? Why can't I kill pppd?

  - by Peter V. Mørch

  I'm trying to setup a simple ppp tunnel over ssh. It works on several machines just fine. But on one machine, pppd gets "stuck": > pgrep pppd | xargs ps up USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 4178 0.0 0.1 3020 1088 pts/1 Ds+ 05:28 0:00 /usr/sbin/pppd Any attempt to kill it (even sudo kill -9 4178) has no effect that I can see. strace -p 4178 also hangs similarly. After it has been started for a while, I start getting messages in dmesg like shown below. It is started like so from another machine: ssh -t root@server /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth When I do this to one of the machines that work, the remote end's pppd spits out garbage/binary data to the console (as expected). When I do it to the one that fails, I get no output from pppd, but the ssh session eventually times out. If I instead ssh to the machine, and then run /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth in a separate step I also get the expected binary output. I now have a couple of questions: What could be up with the one machine where pppd fails? I don't even know where to start looking... What could be the difference between ssh -t root@server /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth in a single step and ssh root@server and /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth in two steps? How can it be that I can't kill the process even with sudo kill -9? The only way I know is to reboot. (I've tried searching for something similar but didn't get anywhere so I'm sorry I don't have any more leads) Any ideas? The problem machine runs in debian on VMware "hardware" (as do the ones that work) and it exhibits the problem when cloned and on both debian lenny (original) and squeeze (after upgrade) dmesg entries: [ 1198.727248] INFO: task pppd:4178 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [ 1198.727507] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [ 1198.727904] pppd D ece2dc9c 0 4178 4174 0x00000004 [ 1198.727908] 00000098 00000082 f2503520 ece2dc9c 0000b1e7 00000000 c148d1c0 c148d1c0 [ 1198.727913] f2a06100 f6e071c0 00000000 ece2dc18 f5cd07e0 00000000 ece2d400 ece2dc9d [ 1198.727918] 00c52300 ece2dcbc f67bfef8 ec98e480 f291cec0 00000000 c10cf5b0 c10dfd21 [ 1198.727923] Call Trace: [ 1198.727926] [<c10cf5b0>] ? nameidata_to_filp+0x37/0x41 [ 1198.727929] [<c10dfd21>] ? dput+0x21/0xb7 [ 1198.727932] [<c11cfecc>] ? tty_ldisc_ref_wait+0x5f/0x76 [ 1198.727935] [<c104de7a>] ? wake_up_bit+0x5c/0x5c [ 1198.727938] [<c11cb91b>] ? tty_ioctl+0x85f/0x8ba [ 1198.727941] [<c10fec18>] ? do_lock_file_wait+0x3d/0xd9 [ 1198.727944] [<c1162c97>] ? _copy_from_user+0x2b/0x102 [ 1198.727946] [<c11cb0bc>] ? tty_check_change+0xb9/0xb9 [ 1198.727949] [<c10dbeb7>] ? do_vfs_ioctl+0x485/0x4c7 [ 1198.727952] [<c10db59a>] ? do_fcntl+0x24f/0x3a2 [ 1198.727954] [<c10dbf3a>] ? sys_ioctl+0x41/0x58 [ 1198.727957] [<c12c6a1f>] ? sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28 [ 1318.457225] INFO: task sshd:4174 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [ 1318.457500] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [ 1318.457896] sshd D f25024cc 0 4174 2393 0x00000000 [ 1318.457901] 00000098 00000086 f2a06940 f25024cc 0000b246 00000000 c148d1c0 c148d1c0 [ 1318.457906] f2503520 f6e071c0 00000000 3f056585 0000000f ece2d4bc 3f056585 f2503520 [ 1318.457911] ec98bb38 ec98bbdc 00000000 00000000 00000000 c12c09b5 f2503520 c10327cb [ 1318.457916] Call Trace: [ 1318.457926] [<c12c09b5>] ? schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock+0x3c/0xd9 [ 1318.457931] [<c10327cb>] ? try_to_wake_up+0x13f/0x13f [ 1318.457935] [<c11cfecc>] ? tty_ldisc_ref_wait+0x5f/0x76 [ 1318.457940] [<c104de7a>] ? wake_up_bit+0x5c/0x5c [ 1318.457943] [<c11c9ad3>] ? tty_poll+0x32/0x5e [ 1318.457947] [<c10dd4d5>] ? do_select+0x2a1/0x42e [ 1318.457950] [<c10dcb83>] ? poll_freewait+0x69/0x69 [ 1318.457953] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457955] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457958] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457960] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457963] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457965] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457968] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457971] [<c10429c2>] ? lock_timer_base+0x19/0x35 [ 1318.457974] [<c1042eb5>] ? __mod_timer+0x10c/0x116 [ 1318.457977] [<c1042f89>] ? mod_timer+0x69/0x6e [ 1318.457981] [<c121325d>] ? sk_reset_timer+0xc/0x16 [ 1318.457984] [<c1252f57>] ? tcp_event_new_data_sent+0x66/0x6b [ 1318.457987] [<c1255b85>] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x7a7/0x86a [ 1318.457990] [<c121760d>] ? __alloc_skb+0x50/0xfd [ 1318.457994] [<c12c12bc>] ? _raw_spin_lock_bh+0x8/0x1e [ 1318.457996] [<c1212e98>] ? release_sock+0x10/0xc4 [ 1318.457999] [<c124b543>] ? tcp_sendmsg+0x6dd/0x7b7 [ 1318.458003] [<c1162c97>] ? _copy_from_user+0x2b/0x102 [ 1318.458006] [<c10dd7a0>] ? core_sys_select+0x13e/0x1c3 [ 1318.458009] [<c12102a3>] ? sock_aio_write+0xc0/0xd4 [ 1318.458012] [<c10d0655>] ? do_sync_write+0xa0/0xe4 [ 1318.458016] [<c10b141c>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x222/0x238 [ 1318.458019] [<c10f6096>] ? fsnotify+0x1de/0x1f9 [ 1318.458022] [<c10dd9e8>] ? sys_select+0x6e/0x8f [ 1318.458024] [<c10d105e>] ? sys_write+0x3c/0x63 [ 1318.458028] [<c12c6a1f>] ? sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28

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• Why my VPN doesn't work anymore?

  - by xx77aBs

  I have openvpn server running on debian lenny. There is only one client - and it is running Windows 7 64-bit. This has worked for few months without any problems. And now, let's say for the last 7 days, it doesn't work at all. I connect successfully from client to the server, but I can't access anything through VPN. I have set it up so that all internet traffic is routed through VPN, and now when I connect with the client, the client can't do anything on the net (open any webpage, ping google, anything ...). Can you help me to figure out what's wrong ? I don't know where to start. I've also tried to connect to another openvpn server (I've installed and configured openvpn on another server, and when I try to connect to it result is the same). So I think there's something wrong with client ... Here is my connection log: Wed Apr 04 21:35:59 2012 OpenVPN 2.3-alpha1 Win32-MSVC++ [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO2] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110522-1 (2.2.0)] built on Feb 21 2012 Enter Management Password: Wed Apr 04 21:35:59 2012 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.10:25340 Wed Apr 04 21:35:59 2012 Need hold release from management interface, waiting... Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.10:25340 Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'log all on' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold off' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[8192->8192] S=[8192->8192] Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568160,RESOLVE,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]11.22.33.44:1234 Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568160,WAIT,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568160,AUTH,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]11.22.33.44:1234, sid=ee329574 f15e9e04 Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=US, ST=CA, L=SanFrancisco, O=Fort-Funston, CN=Fort-Funston CA, [email protected] Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=US, ST=CA, L=SanFrancisco, O=Fort-Funston, CN=server_key, [email protected] Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 [server_key] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]11.22.33.44:1234 Wed Apr 04 21:36:02 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568162,GET_CONFIG,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 SENT CONTROL [server_key]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1,route 172.16.100.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 172.16.100.6 172.16.100.5' Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 ROUTE_GATEWAY 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0 I=15 HWADDR=00:1f:1f:3f:61:55 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568163,ASSIGN_IP,,172.16.100.6, Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 open_tun, tt->ipv6=0 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 TAP-WIN32 device [VPN] opened: \\.\Global\{E28FD52B-F6C3-4094-A36A-30CB02FAC7E8}.tap Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 TAP-Win32 Driver Version 9.9 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 Notified TAP-Win32 driver to set a DHCP IP/netmask of 172.16.100.6/255.255.255.252 on interface {E28FD52B-F6C3-4094-A36A-30CB02FAC7E8} [DHCP-serv: 172.16.100.5, lease-time: 31536000] Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 Successful ARP Flush on interface [31] {E28FD52B-F6C3-4094-A36A-30CB02FAC7E8} Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 TEST ROUTES: 2/2 succeeded len=1 ret=1 a=0 u/d=up Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 11.22.33.44 MASK 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=25 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 0.0.0.0 MASK 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.5 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 128.0.0.0 MASK 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.5 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568168,ADD_ROUTES,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 172.16.100.1 MASK 255.255.255.255 172.16.100.5 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568168,CONNECTED,SUCCESS,172.16.100.6,11.22.33.44 Client's route table after connection with OpenVPN: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.41 281 0.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.1 172.16.100.6 31 94.23.53.45 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.41 25 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.1 172.16.100.6 31 172.16.100.4 255.255.255.252 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 172.16.100.6 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 172.16.100.7 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 192.168.1.41 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 Default =========================================================================== IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 13 58 ::/0 On-link 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 13 58 2001::/32 On-link 13 306 2001:0:5ef5:79fd:3cc3:6b9:ac7c:14db/128 On-link 15 281 fe80::/64 On-link 31 286 fe80::/64 On-link 13 306 fe80::/64 On-link 13 306 fe80::3cc3:6b9:ac7c:14db/128 On-link 31 286 fe80::7d72:9515:7213:35e3/128 On-link 15 281 fe80::9cec:ce3f:89de:a123/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 13 306 ff00::/8 On-link 15 281 ff00::/8 On-link 31 286 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None

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• More interruptions than cpu context switches

  - by Christopher Valles

  I have a machine running Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.8 (lenny) 8 cores and 12Gb of RAM. We have one core permanently around 40% ~ 60% wait time and trying to spot what is happening I realized that we have more interruptions than cpu context switches. I found that the normal ratio between context switch and interruptions is around 10x more context switching than interruptions but on my server the values are completely different. backend1:~# vmstat -s 12330788 K total memory 12221676 K used memory 3668624 K active memory 6121724 K inactive memory 109112 K free memory 3929400 K buffer memory 4095536 K swap cache 4194296 K total swap 7988 K used swap 4186308 K free swap 44547459 non-nice user cpu ticks 702408 nice user cpu ticks 13346333 system cpu ticks 1607583668 idle cpu ticks 374043393 IO-wait cpu ticks 4144149 IRQ cpu ticks 3994255 softirq cpu ticks 0 stolen cpu ticks 4445557114 pages paged in 2910596714 pages paged out 128642 pages swapped in 267400 pages swapped out 3519307319 interrupts 2464686911 CPU context switches 1306744317 boot time 11555115 forks Any ideas if that is an issue? And in that case, how can I spot the cause and fix it? Update Following the instructions of the comments and focusing on the core stuck in wait I checked the processes attached to that core and below you can find the list: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ P COMMAND 24 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:03.42 7 migration/7 25 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:04.78 7 ksoftirqd/7 26 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 watchdog/7 34 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:18.90 7 events/7 83 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:10.68 7 kblockd/7 291 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 aio/7 569 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 ata/7 1545 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 ksnapd 1644 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:36.73 7 kjournald 1725 root 16 -4 16940 1152 488 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 udevd 2342 root 20 0 8828 1140 956 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 sh 2375 root 20 0 8848 1220 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 locate 2421 root 30 10 8896 1268 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 updatedb.findut 2430 root 30 10 58272 49m 616 S 0 0.4 0:17.44 7 sort 2431 root 30 10 3792 448 360 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 frcode 2682 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 3:25.98 7 kjournald 2683 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.64 7 kjournald 2687 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:31.30 7 kjournald 3261 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:30.56 7 kondemand/7 3364 root 20 0 3796 596 476 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 acpid 3575 root 20 0 8828 1140 956 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 sh 3597 root 20 0 8848 1216 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 locate 3603 root 30 10 8896 1268 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 updatedb.findut 3612 root 30 10 58272 49m 616 S 0 0.4 0:27.04 7 sort 3655 root 20 0 11056 2852 516 S 0 0.0 5:36.46 7 redis-server 3706 root 20 0 19832 1056 816 S 0 0.0 0:01.64 7 cron 3746 root 20 0 3796 580 484 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 getty 3748 root 20 0 3796 580 484 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 getty 7674 root 20 0 28376 1000 736 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 cron 7675 root 20 0 8828 1140 956 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 sh 7708 root 30 10 58272 49m 616 S 0 0.4 0:03.36 7 sort 22049 root 20 0 8828 1136 956 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 sh 22095 root 20 0 8848 1220 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 locate 22099 root 30 10 8896 1264 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 updatedb.findut 22108 root 30 10 58272 49m 616 S 0 0.4 0:44.55 7 sort 22109 root 30 10 3792 452 360 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 frcode 26927 root 20 0 8828 1140 956 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 sh 26947 root 20 0 8848 1216 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 locate 26951 root 30 10 8896 1268 1016 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 updatedb.findut 26960 root 30 10 58272 49m 616 S 0 0.4 0:10.24 7 sort 26961 root 30 10 3792 452 360 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 frcode 27952 root 20 0 65948 3028 2400 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 sshd 30731 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.34 7 pdflush 31204 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.24 7 pdflush 21857 deploy 20 0 1227m 2240 868 S 0 0.0 2:44.22 7 nginx 21858 deploy 20 0 1228m 2784 868 S 0 0.0 2:42.45 7 nginx 21862 deploy 20 0 1228m 2732 868 S 0 0.0 2:43.90 7 nginx 21869 deploy 20 0 1228m 2840 868 S 0 0.0 2:44.14 7 nginx 27994 deploy 20 0 19372 2216 1380 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 7 bash 28493 deploy 20 0 331m 32m 16m S 4 0.3 0:00.40 7 apache2 21856 deploy 20 0 1228m 2844 868 S 0 0.0 2:43.64 7 nginx 3622 nobody 30 10 21156 10m 916 D 0 0.1 4:42.31 7 find 7716 nobody 30 10 12268 1280 888 D 0 0.0 0:43.50 7 find 22116 nobody 30 10 12612 1696 916 D 0 0.0 6:32.26 7 find 26968 nobody 30 10 12268 1284 888 D 0 0.0 1:56.92 7 find Update As suggested I take a look at /proc/interrupts and below the info there: CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 CPU7 0: 35 0 0 1469085485 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge timer 1: 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge i8042 8: 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge rtc0 9: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi acpi 12: 0 0 0 105 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge i8042 16: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580212114 IO-APIC-fasteoi 3w-9xxx, uhci_hcd:usb1 18: 0 0 142 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb6, ehci_hcd:usb7 19: 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb3, uhci_hcd:usb5 21: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb2 23: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb4, ehci_hcd:usb8 1273: 0 0 1600400502 0 0 0 0 0 PCI-MSI-edge eth0 1274: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PCI-MSI-edge ahci NMI: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Non-maskable interrupts LOC: 214252181 69439018 317298553 21943690 72562482 56448835 137923978 407514738 Local timer interrupts RES: 27516446 16935944 26430972 44957009 24935543 19881887 57746906 24298747 Rescheduling interrupts CAL: 10655 10705 10685 10567 10689 10669 10667 396 function call interrupts TLB: 529548 462587 801138 596193 922202 747313 2027966 946594 TLB shootdowns TRM: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thermal event interrupts THR: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Threshold APIC interrupts SPU: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spurious interrupts ERR: 0 All the values seems more or less the same for all the cores but this one IO-APIC-fasteoi 3w-9xxx, uhci_hcd:usb1 only affects to the core 7 (the same with the wait time of 40% ~ 60%) could be something attached to the usb port causing the issue? Thanks in advanced

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• Is it possible to run dhcpd3 as non-root user in a chroot jail?

  - by Lenain

  Hi everyone. I would like to run dhcpd3 from a chroot jail on Debian Lenny. At the moment, I can run it as root from my jail. Now I want to do this as non-root user (as "-u blah -t /path/to/jail" Bind option). If I start my process like this : start-stop-daemon --chroot /home/jails/dhcp --chuid dhcp \ --start --pidfile /home/jails/dhcp/var/run/dhcp.pid --exec /usr/sbin/dhcpd3 I get stuck with these errors : Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ unable to create icmp socket: Operation not permitted Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file. Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file. Wrote 0 leases to leases file. Open a socket for LPF: Operation not permitted strace : brk(0) = 0x911b000 fcntl64(0, F_GETFD) = 0 fcntl64(1, F_GETFD) = 0 fcntl64(2, F_GETFD) = 0 access("/etc/suid-debug", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb775d000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/tls/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/tls", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i686/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i686", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/cmov/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/cmov", 0xbfc2ac84) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\260e\1\0004\0\0\0t"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1294572, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb775c000 mmap2(NULL, 1300080, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb761e000 mmap2(0xb7756000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x138) = 0xb7756000 mmap2(0xb7759000, 9840, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7759000 close(3) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb761d000 set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 - 6, base_addr:0xb761d6b0, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0 mprotect(0xb7756000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 open("/dev/null", O_RDWR) = 3 close(3) = 0 brk(0) = 0x911b000 brk(0x913c000) = 0x913c000 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_DGRAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/dev/log"...}, 110) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 open("/etc/localtime", O_RDONLY) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb761c000 read(4, "TZif2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\f\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 2945 _llseek(4, -28, [2917], SEEK_CUR) = 0 read(4, "\nCET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3\n"..., 4096) = 28 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb761c000, 4096) = 0 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Intern"..., 73, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 73 write(2, "Internet Systems Consortium DHCP "..., 46Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server V3.1.1) = 46 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Copyri"..., 75, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 75 write(2, "Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Syst"..., 48Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium.) = 48 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: All ri"..., 47, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 47 write(2, "All rights reserved."..., 20All rights reserved.) = 20 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: For in"..., 77, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 77 write(2, "For info, please visit http://www"..., 50For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/) = 50 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 4 fcntl64(4, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(4, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"...}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(4) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 4 fcntl64(4, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(4, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"...}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(4) = 0 open("/etc/nsswitch.conf", O_RDONLY) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=475, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb761c000 read(4, "# /etc/nsswitch.conf\n#\n# Example "..., 4096) = 475 read(4, ""..., 4096) = 0 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb761c000, 4096) = 0 open("/lib/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/tls/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/tls", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/i486-linux-gnu/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/lib/i486-linux-gnu", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/tls", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/i686", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/cmov", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu/libnss_db.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat64("/usr/lib/i486-linux-gnu", 0xbfc2ad5c) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/lib/libnss_files.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 4 read(4, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\320\30\0\0004\0\0\0\250"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=38408, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 41624, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0) = 0xb7612000 mmap2(0xb761b000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0x8) = 0xb761b000 close(4) = 0 open("/etc/services", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4 fcntl64(4, F_GETFD) = 0x1 (flags FD_CLOEXEC) fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=18480, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7611000 read(4, "# Network services, Internet styl"..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "9/tcp\t\t\t\t# Quick Mail Transfer Pr"..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "note\t1352/tcp\tlotusnotes\t# Lotus "..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "tion\nafs3-kaserver\t7004/udp\nafs3-"..., 4096) = 4096 read(4, "backup\t2989/tcp\t\t\t# Afmbackup sys"..., 4096) = 2096 read(4, ""..., 4096) = 0 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb7611000, 4096) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 open("/etc/protocols", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2626, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7611000 read(4, "# Internet (IP) protocols\n#\n# Upd"..., 4096) = 2626 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb7611000, 4096) = 0 socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted) time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: unable"..., 80, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 80 write(2, "unable to create icmp socket: Ope"..., 53unable to create icmp socket: Operation not permitted) = 53 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 open("/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf", O_RDONLY) = 4 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_END) = 1426 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_SET) = 0 read(4, "#----------------------------\n# G"..., 1426) = 1426 close(4) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 401408, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb75b0000 mmap2(NULL, 401408, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb754e000 mmap2(NULL, 401408, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb74ec000 brk(0x916f000) = 0x916f000 close(3) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_DGRAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/dev/log"...}, 110) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Inter"..., 74, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 74 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Copyr"..., 76, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 76 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: All r"..., 48, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 48 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: For i"..., 78, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 78 open("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases", O_RDONLY) = 4 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_END) = 126 lseek(4, 0, SEEK_SET) = 0 read(4, "# The format of this file is docu"..., 126) = 126 close(4) = 0 open("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, 0666) = 4 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=126, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb74eb000 fstat64(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=126, ...}) = 0 _llseek(4, 126, [126], SEEK_SET) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 time(NULL) = 1284760816 open("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases.1284760816", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0664) = 5 fcntl64(5, F_GETFL) = 0x1 (flags O_WRONLY) fstat64(5, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=0, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb74ea000 _llseek(5, 0, [0], SEEK_CUR) = 0 close(4) = 0 munmap(0xb74eb000, 4096) = 0 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Wrote"..., 70, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 70 write(2, "Wrote 0 deleted host decls to lea"..., 42Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.) = 42 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Wrote"..., 74, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 74 write(2, "Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to"..., 46Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.) = 46 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Wrote"..., 58, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 58 write(2, "Wrote 0 leases to leases file."..., 30Wrote 0 leases to leases file.) = 30 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 write(5, "# The format of this file is docu"..., 126) = 126 fsync(5) = 0 unlink("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases~") = 0 link("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases", "/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases~") = 0 rename("/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases.1284760816", "/var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases") = 0 socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 4 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFCONF, {0 - 64, NULL}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFCONF, {64, {{"lo", {AF_INET, inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}}, {"eth0", {AF_INET, inet_addr("192.168.0.10")}}}}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFFLAGS, {ifr_name="lo", ifr_flags=IFF_UP|IFF_LOOPBACK|IFF_RUNNING}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFFLAGS, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_flags=IFF_UP|IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_RUNNING|IFF_MULTICAST}) = 0 ioctl(4, SIOCGIFHWADDR, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_hwaddr=00:c0:26:87:55:c0}) = 0 socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_PACKET, 768) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted) time(NULL) = 1284760816 stat64("/etc/localtime", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2945, ...}) = 0 send(3, "Sep 18 00:00:16 dhcpd: Open "..., 74, MSG_NOSIGNAL) = 74 write(2, "Open a socket for LPF: Operation "..., 46Open a socket for LPF: Operation not permitted) = 46 write(2, "\n"..., 1 ) = 1 exit_group(1) = ? I understand that dhcpd wants to create sockets on port 67... but I don't know how to authorize that through the chroot. Any idea?

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