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• "Slave" user accounts in GNU/Linux

  - by Vi

  How to make one user account to be like root for some other user account, e.g. to be able to read, write, chmod all it's files, chown from this account to master and back, kill/ptrace all it's processes and to all thinks root can, but limited only to that particular slave account? Now I'm simulating this by allowing "master" user to "sudo -u slaveuser" and setting setfacl -dRm u:masteruser:rwx ~slaveuser. It is useful as I run most desktop programs in separate user accounts, but need to move files between them sometimes. If it requires some simple kernel patch it is OK.

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• Good set of web hosting permissions?

  - by Jorge Israel Peña

  Hey guys, I just got a linode and I'm in the process of configuring it. It's running nginx with php-fpm and passenger. nginx was compiled and is running as user nginx. php-fpm (php with fastcgi process manager) is running as www-data (in group www-data). My sites are currently in /var/www, so for example /var/www/test.com I'm just wondering what the general 'flow' of things is. So for example, /var/www is owned by root, should I chown of /var/www/test.com to nginx or www-data? Or should I put nginx in the www-data group? How should site uploading work, I just transfer files to the /var/www/test.com directory as root (sudo) and then chown -R www-data:www-data .? Thanks. I'm capable of figuring things out on my own, I'm just wondering what the typical/general way of handling users/groups/permissions/site-files is on linux with a webserver.

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• Ubuntu - How to automount an external drive at a preconfigured mount point?

  - by Lars Haugseth

  Normally, when I attach an external USB drive to my Ubuntu system, the filesystem on it are automounted to /media/label. However, I'd like the filesystem to be mounted at a mount point of my choosing. I've added a line like this to my /etc/fstab: UUID=2BE905C238C1F724 /p ntfs-3g defaults 0 0 # Passport 320GB This allows me to manually mount the volume at /p by running sudo mount /p, however the filesystem is no longer automounted when the drive is attached to the PC. What do I need to do to get automount to this mount point to work, if at all possible?

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• Connect to wired and wireless networks at same time, Ubuntu

  - by Gary Chambers

  Currently, I have a media PC running Ubuntu 10.04 that I am trying to connect via a wired network cable directly to a NAS box, and wirelessly to the router. This works no problem after I run sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart but I can't get both interfaces to come up on system startup. My /etc/network/interfaces file reads as follows: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.1.2 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 10.0.1.255 network 10.0.1.0 auto wlan2 iface wlan2 inet dhcp As I say, I know this works, because I can get it to work by restarting the network interfaces, but I can't bring them both up on system startup. Does anyone know why this might be?

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• Mount encrypted hfs in ubuntu

  - by pagid

  I try to mount an encrypted hfs+ partition in ubuntu. An older post described quite good how to do it, but lacks the information how to use encrypted partitions. What I found so far is: # install required packages sudo apt-get install hfsprogs hfsutils hfsplus loop-aes-utils # try to mount it mount -t hfsplus -o encryption=aes-256 /dev/xyz /mount/xyz But once I run this I get the following error: Error: Password must be at least 20 characters. So I tried to type it in twice, but that results in this: ioctl: LOOP_SET_STATUS: Invalid argument, requested cipher or key (256 bits) not supported by kernel Any suggestions? Thx Edit: One thing I'm not sure about is whether I use the right password. My assumption is that it is my default one for these situations. But I'm not sure whether Max OSX choose another password (internally) for that.

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• Can't create a file even if rights allow and I've relogged in

  - by stiv

  I try to create file in folder with group write access, user tomcat7 is in group. Why isn't it workin? skr@konrad~/data/asu$ sudo -u tomcat7 sh $ whoami tomcat7 $ echo > /home/skr/data/asu/g.gz.index sh: 2: cannot create /home/skr/data/asu/g.gz.index: Permission denied $ ls -la /home/skr/data/asu/ total 18708 drwxrwxr-x 2 skr skr 4096 Sep 29 08:38 . drwxrwxr-x 85 skr skr 4096 Jul 30 00:42 .. $ grep ^skr /etc/group skr:x:1002:tomcat7:mail Tried to logout, but it doesn't help. Any ideas?

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• Users in ubuntu; Cant figure it out

  - by Camran

  I am the only one who will have access to my website. Just installed my VPS and managed to get most stuff working. However, stuck on the "members" part. Currently, everything has been done as "root". I have read posts that I should create a user, because root isn't ideal. I have found thousand guides on how to create a user, but now what to do next. 1- Should I create a user with adduser username and then add the user to a group? But which group? 2- And will the user then be able to do everything as I have done logged on as "root"? 3- And somebody plz explain what "sudo" has to do with this? (if anything at all) Thanks

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• Arch Linux shows a blinking cursor instead of a booting installer

  - by fakedrake

  Arch Linux shows a blinking cursor instead of a booting installer. I ran sudo dd if=archlinux-2010.05-core-i686.iso of=/dev/sdb1 and checked the MD5 sums. I tried to boot it on two different PCs and got the same result: instead of booting GRUB — or anything useful, for that matter — it just showed a blinking cursor at the top left corner of the screen. The machines became unresponsive to any kind of input, the flash drive LED didn't seem to blink or shiver at all and there seemed to be no other activity whatsoever. I tried using another flash drive, but the machine completely ignored it, booting Windows "normally."

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• NFS share access - Permission denied

  - by rgngl

  I'm trying to share a directory on my NAS device(WD Mybook WE) with NFS to another machine on my local network. The directory on the NAS device looks like this: drwxr-x--- 15 git git 4096 Nov 17 01:05 git/ And id's of the user git on the NAS device is like this: [root@myhost DataVolume]# id git uid=505(git) gid=505(git) I played with many different parameters in the /etc/exports file and this is what I got there currently: /DataVolume/git 192.168.0.20(async,rw,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check) On the client side I have the user git and group git with the same id's to match the ones on the server. user@myclient:~$ id git uid=505(git) gid=505(git) groups=505(git) I mount the directory with: sudo mount myhost:/DataVolume/git -t nfs git/ and the mounted directory looks like: drwxr-x--- 15 git git 4096 Nov 17 01:05 git After these steps I can't seem to cd to that directory with any user, including git and root. I am getting a Permission denied error. Thanks in advance for any help.

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• Is a reboot required to refresh permissions after adding a user to a new group?

  - by Michael Prescott

  On ubuntu server, I've noticed more than once now that after adding a user to a group that user doesn't have group permissions until I reboot the system. For example: User 'hudson' needs permission to read directory 'root:shadow /etc/shadow' So I add hudson to the shadow group. hudson still cannot read. So, I 'sudo shutdown -h -r now' and when the system comes up again user hudson can read. Is a reboot required or is there a better way to get permissions applied after adding the user to the group?

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• Script errors when run by launchd at startup, but not when run in Terminal

  - by Mechcozmo

  I'm attempting to create a RAM disk that loads the previous contents when the system starts up, and every six hours writes the contents to a disk image. Currently, when you run the script from the terminal ("sudo bash LogToRAM.sh") everything works fine. But when run from launchd during startup, it doesn't work. Here's the lines from the log; the first line just gives some idea as to where in the boot process we are: SecurityAgent[202] Showing Login Window com.mechcozmo.LogToRAM[51] + /Developer/usr/bin/SetFile -a V /Volumes/LogfileRAMdisk com.mechcozmo.LogToRAM[51] ERROR: File Not Found. (-43) on file: /Volumes/LogfileRAMdisk com.mechcozmo.LogToRAM[51] + /usr/sbin/asr -source '/Library/Application Support/LogToRAM/RAMdisk_store.dmg' -target /Volumes/LogfileRAMdisk/ -noverify Here is the script and plist file in question. Note that 'set -vx' is up at the top of the script; it give a lot of information about what is happening in the script. My current theory is that the /Volumes directory does not exist at this stage of the boot process, but that seems unlikely to be honest.

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• OS X Terminal ends session at opening : permission denied

  - by Jon

  I have an issue with Terminal on MacOS X 10.7.4. I know where it comes from, but I don't know how to solve it : Yesterday, I installed fish-shell as a shell replacement. Following the installation instructions, I ended typing the following command : chsh -s /usr/local/bin/fish I noticed I had to do a : sudo bash for it to work. Once done, I quit. Today, I try to run Terminal and I see te following message : Last login: Wed Jun 27 12:38:01 on ttys000 login: /usr/local/bin/fish: Permission denied [Opération terminée] (yes, I'm French, which explains my poor English). I cannot type any command since I have no access to the Terminal. I tried with iTerm2 but same issue. No command is set at launch in the default profile of Terminal/iTerm2 (well, in the UI). How can I take the power back ? Thank you.

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• What differences are there between an official Ubuntu AMI image and a base install from an ISO?

  - by David Winter

  When creating a new instance on AWS using an official Ubuntu 12.04 server AMI, what differences are there compared to if I was to do a standard server install on a computer of my own? For example, the default user is 'ubuntu'. An SSH public key is added to that users authorized_keys file. Sudo is passwordless for that user. PasswordAuthentication is disabled for SSH. etc etc. Configurations have been changed from their defaults, and I'd like to know if there is a list, or somewhere I could find out the modifications made.

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• Port Redirection on Mac OS X Lion

  - by Andreas

  I have tried to solve this issue using pf but with no luck. Basically, I am trying to redirect incoming port 443 traffic to port 22. I have tried to set up a rule in a file and load it in pf but I get syntax error. Can anyone with more experience with pf provide some insight? Here's what I've attempted: pass in on en1 proto tcp from any to any port 443 rdr-to 127.0.0.1 port 22 and pass in quick proto tcp to port 443 rdr-to 127.0.0.1 port 22 I've been able to do this in MacOSX Snow Leopard with ipfw: sudo ipfw add 1443 forward 127.0.0.1,22 ip from any to any 443 in but it doesn't work in Lion (it gives me an Invalid Argument error).

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• How to extract .raw backup of Windows to a partition?

  - by JamerTheProgrammer

  I have a backup of a Windows 7 drive (virtualbox install) made in .raw format and I want to extract it to my empty partition ready for Windows. Im using OSX. Any ideas? I have tried this: sudo dd if=/Volumes/DATA/bootcamp.raw of=/dev/disk0s6 Which works fine but when I reboot (im on a hackintosh so im using the Chameleon boot loader) I get the normal Chameleon boot menu but with an unknown GPT partition (thats what its called) and If I select that it says: Missing Operating system. Is the MBR broken on that partition?

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• Alternative to the tee command whitout STDOUT

  - by aef

  I'm using | sudo tee FILENAME to be able to write or append to a file for which superuser permissions are required quite often. Although I understand why it is helpful in some situation, that tee also sends its input to STDOUT again, I never ever actually used that part of tee for anything useful. In most situations, this feature only causes my screen to be filled with unwanted jitter, if I don't go the extra step and manually silence it with tee 1> /dev/null. My question: Is there is a command arround, which does exactly the same thing as tee, but does by default not output anything to STDOUT?

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• Ubuntu nasty error: The panel encountered a problem while loading xxxApplet

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I have install ubuntu & GNOME (say, with minimum possible number of packages). I can login and do anything as I want. However, there is a nasty thing: Whenever I loggin in, I see this message: Error The panel encountered a problem while loading "OAFIID:GNOME_FastUserSwitchApplet" Do you want to delete the applet from your configuration [Don't Delete] [Delete] If I press [Delete] then the error won't be shown anymore. However, for every new created account, the message shown again (use created using sudo adduser user_name). Since I clone this OS into several virtual instance, and create new account on these instances. I wonder if there is a way to configure my ubuntu so that new created user don't have to see this annoy message? Thanks

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• Change permission of files with the owner 'apache'

  - by Dotty

  Hay, i have some files on my server with the owner set to "apache", I'm not quite sure how this happened. Anyway, i need to change the permission of these files to 0777 so i can download/edit them. However i cannot. I'm using a 1and1 Linux server and use Plesk to administrate it. I have the ability to login via SSH. However, if i run chmod or chown i get a "permission denied" error, and if i try to sudo chmod or chown it says the command cannot be found. When i go to edit my domain details, i get this option Shell access to server with FTP user's credentials and have these options /bin/sh /bin/bash /sbin/nologin /bin/bash (chrooted) /bin/rbash Any idea's how i should go about changing the permissions or changing the owner? Thanks

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• httpd (no pid file) not running while restarting apache

  - by user59503

  Hi I am working on ubuntu. I got the error messages while try to restart apache. root@XXX:/etc/init.d# sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using xxx.xxx.xx.xxx for ServerName httpd (no pid file) not running apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using xxx.xxx.xx.xxx for ServerName (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs I got the following message when tried netstat -pant tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 32748 9950/httpd tcp 429 0 xxx.xxx.xx.xxx:80 xxx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxxx CLOSE_WAIT 0 0

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• Problem reinstalling GRUB

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  I have a PC that dual-boots Ubuntu and Windows Vista. I recently reinstalled Windows Vista after some problems and now the bootloader's gone. I've been trying to follow this Ubuntu community guide but it's not working. I have Grub Legacy according to the first part (I installed Ubuntu 9.04 originally then upgraded). From the 9.04 LiveCD, I ran this: sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sda5 sda5 is the Ubuntu partition. I get this output: grub-probe: error: Cannot open `/boot/grub/device.map` [: 494: =: unexpected operator Installing GRUB to /dev/sda5 as (hd0,4)... Installation finished.No errors reported. This is the contents...(etc) (hd0) /dev/sda In the bit below, when I run setup (hd0) I get an error, "Error 17: Cannot mount selected partition" Little help?

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• Change permission to /proc/net/ip_conntrack on Ubuntu server 9.10

  - by bjarkef

  Hi I have a script that needs to extract certain information form the /proc/net/ip_conntrack file once in a while. I do not wish to run this script as the root user. Default permissions for the file is: $ ls -lah /proc/net/ip_conntrack -r--r----- 1 root root 0 2010-03-28 12:18 /proc/net/ip_conntrack I can change it with: sudo chmod o+r /proc/net/ip_conntrack But that does not stick after a reboot. Is there some configuration file for file-permissions in the /proc directory in Ubuntu Server 9.10? Or do I just have to stick a chmod line in some startup script?

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• Installing maven on Ubuntu by manual download

  - by WebDevHobo

  To install Maven, I downloaded the latest version from the website and then followed these steps: http://maven.apache.org/download.html#Installation The last step, the version control, does not work. It says that 'mvn' is currently not installed and that I should type sudo apt-get install maven2 If I go directly to the mvn file itself, it does work: root@ubuntu:~# /usr/local/apache-maven/apache-maven-2.2.1/bin/mvn --version Apache Maven 2.2.1 (r801777; 2009-08-06 12:16:01-0700) Java version: 1.6.0_21 Java home: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_21/jre Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8 OS name: "linux" version: "2.6.32-25-generic" arch: "i386" Family: "unix" So, what am I doing wrong here? Or what would and apt-get install do extra that I might have forgotten?

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• How do I make subsonic (media server) work with SSL?

  - by John Baber

  The roughly out-of-the-box setup as a regular user works fine (meaning the site appears at http://myserver.com:4040). From ps aux java -Xmx100m -Dsubsonic.home=/var/subsonic -Dsubsonic.host=0.0.0.0 -Dsubsonic.port=4040 -Dsubsonic.httpsPort=0 -Dsubsonic.contextPath=/ -Dsubsonic.defaultMusicFolder=/var/music -Dsubsonic.defaultPodcastFolder=/var/music/Podcast -Dsubsonic.defaultPlaylistFolder=/var/playlists -Djava.awt.headless=true -verbose:gc -jar subsonic-booter-jar-with-dependencies.jar but just giving an https port java -Xmx100m -Dsubsonic.home=/var/subsonic -Dsubsonic.host=0.0.0.0 -Dsubsonic.port=4040 -Dsubsonic.httpsPort=6060 -Dsubsonic.contextPath=/ -Dsubsonic.defaultMusicFolder=/var/music -Dsubsonic.defaultPodcastFolder=/var/music/Podcast -Dsubsonic.defaultPlaylistFolder=/var/playlists -Djava.awt.headless=true -verbose:gc -jar subsonic-booter-jar-with-dependencies.jar makes http://myserver.com:4040 say HTTP ERROR: 404 NOT_FOUND RequestURI=/index.view Powered by jetty:// and https://myserver.com:6060 say Unable to connect I'm only making the change by doing # SUBSONIC_ARGS="--port=80 --https-port=443 --max-memory=120" SUBSONIC_ARGS="--max-memory=100 --https-port=6060" in /etc/default/subsonic and issuing a sudo service subsonic restart (this is Ubuntu Oneiric)

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• Grub os-probe showing deleted Windows installation

  - by Sanjay

  I recently purchased a Dell Vostro notebook with Ubuntu Netbook edition 10.04 pre-installed. I tried adding a partition and installed Windows XP but it didn't work out due to too many partitions in the system already. Now I have restored the laptop to factory setting using Dell Utility partition and the Windows partition is completely deleted, however my grub2 still shows Windows on /dev/sda2 sudo os-probe Microsoft Windows XP Professional (on /dev/sda2) Any ideas how to remove it from grub? I know I can remove /etc/grub.d/30_os-probe but I am more interested in why os-probe is showing the deleted partition.

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• VMWare tools on Ubuntu Server 10.10 kernel source problem

  - by Hamid Elaosta

  After install and running the vm-ware config, the config needs my kernel headers to compile some modules, ok, so I'll give it them, but it just won't work. It asks for the path of the directory of C header files that match my running kernel. If I uname -r I get 2.6.35-22-generic-pae So I tell it the source path is /lib/modules/2.6.25-22-generic-pae/build/include and it returns "The directory of kernel headers (version @@VMWARE@@ UTS_RELEASE) does not match your running kernel (version 2.6.35-22-generic-pae). ..I'm confused? can anyone offer suggestions please? I installed hte kernel source andh eaders myself using sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

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