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• Bridging the gap between learning language fundamentals and actually making useful software?

  - by Anonymous -

  I'm learning C# via the "Essential C#" Lynda.com video tutorials and plan to read a couple of books that cover things in more depth afterwards. My question is where I should head to learn more after that? I've done things like project Euler in the past, but I find they don't really help me learn anything other than basic program control flow and features. I've looked at many open-source projects but pretty much everything still looks overwhelmingly complicated at this stage. What would you recommend I look at to help me build useful applications that are a bit beyond the millions of console applications I must've written thus-far? Should I be looking at books specifically on learning/working with the .NET framework, or just biting my lip and continue working through open source projects until they start to make sense?

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• Guidelines for creating referentially transparent callables

  - by max

  In some cases, I want to use referentially transparent callables while coding in Python. My goals are to help with handling concurrency, memoization, unit testing, and verification of code correctness. I want to write down clear rules for myself and other developers to follow that would ensure referential transparency. I don't mind that Python won't enforce any rules - we trust ourselves to follow them. Note that we never modify functions or methods in place (i.e., by hacking into the bytecode). Would the following make sense? A callable object c of class C will be referentially transparent if: Whenever the returned value of c(...) depends on any instance attributes, global variables, or disk files, such attributes, variables, and files must not change for the duration of the program execution; the only exception is that instance attributes may be changed during instance initialization. When c(...) is executed, no modifications to the program state occur that may affect the behavior of any object accessed through its "public interface" (as defined by us). If we don't put any restrictions on what "public interface" includes, then rule #2 becomes: When c(...) is executed, no objects are modified that are visible outside the scope of c.__call__. Note: I unsuccessfully tried to ask this question on SO, but I'm hoping it's more appropriate to this site.

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• What makes C so popular in the age of OOP?

  - by GradGuy

  I code a lot both in C and C++ but did not expect C to be the second popular language, slightly behind Java! http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html I'm curious as why, in this age of OOP, C is still all that popular? Note that 4 out of top 5 popular languages are all "modern" object-oriented capable languages. Now I agree that you can do OOP in C to some extend, but that's sort of painful and not quite elegant! (well at least compared to C++ I guess) So what makes C this popular? efficiency? being low-level? or the vast majority of libraries that already exist? ... or something else?

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• Does Geany or Gedit provide a browser protocol in the way Textmate does with txmt://?

  - by Rich

  Textmate on the Mac can be bound to the txmt protocol, meaning that development frameworks (such as the Play Framework) can be configured to use this to display error messages. If a stacktrace appears, each line of the stacktrace is a URL of the format (I'm guessing): txmt:///home/myuser/projects/myproject/ProblemFile.java:123 (where 123 is the line number). Clicking this opens the file in Textmate. Is this possible with Gedit, Geany or another programmer's text editor?

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• How do I implement powerups for my Breakout clone?

  - by Eva

  I'm making a simple Breakout clone in Python that will have very many powerups/powerdowns (so far I came up with 26). Some will affect the paddle (paddle missile, two paddles, short paddle, etc.), some will affect the ball (slow ball, destructo-ball, invisible ball, etc.), some will affect the bricks (brick scramble, move up, bricks indestructible, etc.), and some will affect other game aspects (extra life, more points, less points, etc.). I'm pretty sure I have the code to draw the falling powerups and test for collisions with the paddle down, but I'm confused about how to code the effects of the powerups. Since there are very many powerups, it seemed inefficient to add specific methods to each component as done in this tutorial. However, I can't think of an other ways to implement the powerups. I found a page that hints at some way to design powerup behavior using classes, but I'm at a loss for how to do that. (A short example would help.) Please give me a short code example of another way to implement the effects of the powerups.

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• What are the Starting Games I need to make?[Best steps for a beginner Game Developer?] [closed]

  - by Man With Steel Nerves...

  Possible Duplicate: What are good games to “earn your wings” with? Hai, I'm new to the genre "Creating Games".Previously i had done only porting.I need some suggestion's for making a game. What are the basic game logics i need to start with? - Should i write Tic-Tac-Toe game? - Actually this seem very basic to me. I'm totally confused on where to start with.I like to create big games but after starting i feel the game is too heavy to handle. Can any one list out the basic needs of a Game Play programmer? I don't mind using any platform (Flash,c++,objective-c) but i need to know what are the game logic's i need to know before i start a big game.

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• How do I add restrictions for users to sign up before they can access web site?

  - by user1867842

  How do I get my webpage not to go back when they hit the back button and are logged out and how can I add a web page to be blocked like FACEBOOK doesn't let you get into their site with out having a page or a account with them, and if you try to put something in the url and try to go to something on their site it gives you a web page that says "you have to be logged in first" . Like I don't want someone going to the url of the "index" page before they have signed up as a member they need to make an account first then they can have access to the "index" page. How do I do this. I have a website so far that has a database and the website has 5 pages so far and two of them which is the login and sign up page which are both used with php and mysql and they work fine. How do I restrict access to the main website by first having the users sign up with me for an account.

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• reading k&r(c book) and confusing 1st chapter code [closed]

  - by DarkEnergy

  #include <stdio.h> /* copy input to output; 2nd version*/ main() { int c; while ((c = getchar()) != EOF) putchar(c); } this is very confusing... since you never escape the while loop. I've learned that EOF is -1. i type -1 but it just reprints it. It's a never ending loop. Over time did the library get changed and differs from what the book intended it to be? when i say library i mean the putchar()/getchar() that's in the library... sorry.

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• Rhythmbox plugin code for hot key not working - why?

  - by Bunny Rabbit

  def activate(self,shell): self.shell = shell self.copy_selected() self.action = gtk.Action ('foo','bar','baz',None) self.activate_id = self.action.connect ('activate', self.call_bk_fn,self.shell) self.action_group = gtk.ActionGroup ('hot_key_action_group') self.action_group.add_action_with_accel (self.action, "<control>E") uim = shell.get_ui_manager () uim.insert_action_group (self.action_group, 0) uim.ensure_update () def call_bk_fn(): print('hello world') I am using the above code in a plugin for Rhythmbox and here I am trying to register the key Ctrl+E so that the call_bk_fn gets called whenever the key combination is pressed but its not working. Why is that so ?

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• webgame engine how does it works

  - by TWCrap

  Hy all, first off all, don't yell that i shouldn't start with it, i just want to know how that works... The thing is, how does the engine of an webgame works. A game like tribalwars, grepolis and forge of empires. How does that keeping alive work. I mean, a user is building an building, and quit the browser... The building is build even when the session of the user is expired. but the points of the user is updated when the building is finished... So how does that works. What do you guys think? do they have some kind of cronjob that is fired every second, and that walks throug the database, and search for finished buildings, and update's the stuff? or do you guys think that they do it difrent?!? I hope that i was clear. -NOTE- i don't need anny code, i'm just intrested in the progress behind the game... Greetingz Marc

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• PHP Drupal alternatives

  - by Quinma

  Based off answers to this question: Will I pick bad coding habits from PHP books? and many others it is a general consensus that PHP is not the most well suited language for web development anymore (if you are not completely knowledgeable about the language). I use Drupal and write custom modules in PHP, does this viewpoint of PHP being an ill fitted web coding language also apply to Drupal based PHP sites? I generally build community sites and intra-company sites, are there better means of building these than with PHP and drupal frameworks?

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• Collaborative Filtering Techniques

  - by user95261

  Good Day! I am in need of help about collaborative filtering techniques implementation in predicting psychopathy of twitter users. I have two data set, training set and test set. Training set users have already scores in psychopathy, I need any collaborative filtering techniques to predict scores of test set users. Collaborative Filtering such as Item/User-Based CF, Bayesian Belief Nets, Clustering, Latent Semantic, etc. Please help me. :( I am very confused on how to implement any of these. Thank you!

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• What server-side language should I learn to be able to start big user-input websites (like twitter, facebook, stackexchange...)?

  - by DarkLightA

  I'm thinking ASP.NET, but I don't really know. Can someone tell me what a good server-side language for the "Zuckerberg-dorm-room-starting-up-a-huge-website" deal? I know the latter used PHP, but as I've understood it that's kind of outdated and C#/ASP.NET is a better way to go about it. Is HTML + CSS + JavaScript + C#/ASP.NET MVC + MySQL a good combination for it? Is MySQL combined in ASP.NET MVC? Also, where's a good tutorial for the server-side language you suggest? As mentioned previously it has to be able to handle massive user-input without much fuss.

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• What would you call the concept of CofeeScript or Sass to be?

  - by MaG3Stican

  There is this rising trend with web development of making new pseudo languages to extend the functionality of JavaScript, CSS and HTML given that those are static and their metamorphosis or evolution is painfully slow due to the variety of browser providers. So I am currently having a concept dilema on how to categorize them for a book I was made to write by my employer as no one seems to have a name for these pseudo languages. A tiny list of them : JavaScript: LiveScript, Metalua, Uberscript, EmberScript. HTML: Razor, Java Scriptlets. CSS : LESS, Sass. I believe the concept of these pseudo languages and a language or an extension of a language is quite different. First these languages do not extend any functionality currently existing on HTML or CSS or JavaScript, they simply work around it. And also they do not "compile" to an intermediate language, they are merely 1-1 translated to something that only then can be compiled. What would you call them?

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• On Handling Dates in SQL

  The calendar is inherently complex by the very nature of the astronomy that underlies the year, and the conflicting historical conventions. The handling of dates in TSQL is even more complex because, when SQL Server was Sybase, it was forced by the lack of prevailing standards in SQL to create its own ways of processing and formatting dates and times. Joe Celko looks forward to a future when it is possible to write standard SQL date-processing code with SQL Server.

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• Human powered document processing

  - by Denivic

  I want to create a "Human powered document processing" website in a formed as a gaming mechanic that will prompt volunteers to weed out text missed by OCR (optical character reader) The challenge is that the OCR output often contains errors and omissions, which hampers searches. Manual corrections is needed to weed out these mistakes, so that the text become machine readable.. I want to accomplish these task by splitting dull repetitive task into tiny microtasks and distributing then to register contributors on my site. I want to digitalized pedigree books into an online database. I want to recreate recaptcha and http://www.digitalkoot.fi/en/splash all roll into one.. Help!!!! What programing languages is best needed to create a recapctch type website and is there any open source project similar to this I can use? I need a some directions to begin this project, so all and any help will be great.

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• Writing generic code when your target is a C compiler

  - by enobayram

  I need to write some algorithms for a PIC micro controller. AFAIK, the official tools support either assembler or a subset of C. My goal is to write the algorithms in a generic and reusable way without losing any runtime or memory performance. And if possible, I would like to do this without increasing the development time much and compromising the readability and maintainability much either. What I mean by generic and reusable is that I don't want to commit to types, array sizes, number of bits in a bit field etc. All these specifications, IMHO, point to C++ templates, but there's no compiler for it for my target. C macro metaprogramming is another option, but, again my opinion, that greatly reduces readability and increases development time. I believe what I'm looking for is a decent C++ to C translator, but I'd like to hear anything else that satisfies the above requirements. Maybe a translator from another high-level language to C that produces very efficient code, maybe something else. Please note that I have nothing against C, I just wish templates were available in it.

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• Could a singleton type replace static methods and classes?

  - by MKO

  In C# Static methods has long served a purpose allowing us to call them without instantiating classes. Only in later year have we became more aware of the problems of using static methods and classes. They can’t use interfaces They can’t use inheritance They are hard to test because you can’t make mocks and stubs Is there a better way ? Obviously we need to be able to access library methods without instantiated classes all the time otherwise our code would become pretty cluttered One possibly solution is to use a new keyword for an old concept: the singleton. Singleton’s are global instances of a class, since they are instances we can use them as we would normal classes. In order to make their use nice and practical we'd need some syntactic sugar however Say that the Math class would be of type singleton instead of an actual class. The actual class containing all the default methods for the Math singleton is DefaultMath, which implements the interface IMath. The singleton would be declared as singleton Math : IMath { public Math { this = new DefaultMath(); } } If we wanted to substitute our own class for all math operations we could make a new class MyMath that inherits DefaultMath, or we could just inherit from the interface IMath and create a whole new Class. To make our class the active Math class, you'd do a simple assignment Math = new MyMath(); and voilá! the next time we call Math.Floor it will call your method. Note that for a normal singleton we'd have to write something like Math.Instance.Floor but the compiler eliminates the need for the Instance property Another idea would be to be able to define a singletons as Lazy so they get instantiated only when they're first called, like lazy singleton Math : IMath What do you think, would it have been a better solution that static methods and classes? Is there any problems with this approach?

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• How to avoid the GameManager god object?

  - by lorancou

  I just read an answer to a question about structuring game code. It made me wonder about the ubiquitous GameManager class, and how it often becomes an issue in a production environment. Let me describe this. First, there's prototyping. Nobody cares about writing great code, we just try to get something running to see if the gameplay adds up. Then there's a greenlight, and in an effort to clean things up, somebody writes a GameManager. Probably to hold a bunch of GameStates, maybe to store a few GameObjects, nothing big, really. A cute, little, manager. In the peaceful realm of pre-production, the game is shaping up nicely. Coders have proper nights of sleep and plenty of ideas to architecture the thing with Great Design Patterns. Then production starts and soon, of course, there is crunch time. Balanced diet is long gone, the bug tracker is cracking with issues, people are stressed and the game has to be released yesterday. At that point, usually, the GameManager is a real big mess (to stay polite). The reason for that is simple. After all, when writing a game, well... all the source code is actually here to manage the game. It's easy to just add this little extra feature or bugfix in the GameManager, where everything else is already stored anyway. When time becomes an issue, no way to write a separate class, or to split this giant manager into sub-managers. Of course this is a classical anti-pattern: the god object. It's a bad thing, a pain to merge, a pain to maintain, a pain to understand, a pain to transform. What would you suggest to prevent this from happening?

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• Using "public" vars or attributes in class calls, functional approach

  - by marw

  I was always wondering about two things I tend to do in my little projects. Sometimes I will have this design: class FooClass ... self.foo = "it's a bar" self._do_some_stuff(self) def _do_some_stuff(self): print(self.foo) And sometimes this one: class FooClass2 ... self.do_some_stuff(foo="it's a bar") def do_some_stuff(self, foo): print(foo) Although I roughly understand the differences between functional and class approaches, I struggle with the design. For example, in FooClass the self.foo is always accessible as an attribute. If there are numerous calls to it, is that faster than making foo a local variable that is passed from method to method (like in FooClass2)? What happens in memory in both cases? If FooClass2 is preferred (ie. I don't need to access foo) and other attributes inside do not change their states (the class is executed once only and returns the result), should the code then be written as a series of functions in a module?

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• Java and .NET cost of use [on hold]

  - by 1110

  I work with .NET technology stack for about 4 years. I am learning and enjoy working with ASP MVC framework and I never did anything serious in other languages. This is not the question like what is better (I read all similar questions). What interest me is the cost of switching. For example: If you are about to start a start-up company today and you are in my situation not too much money, some good idea that you think others will use and have a knowledge of .NET. In my head I have a few questions that I can't answer and I know that somebody with experience can: 1) Java & .NET hosting. Suppose shared hosting is not good enough anymore, your site has grown and you need more resources. How much Java services is cheaper compared to .NET? 2) I didn't follow hype about ORACLE will kill java long time. Does oracle show interest in investing in java. I mean is is safe to bet on java as a technology when starting start-up (basically did oracle show some will to destroy java platform)? 3) I am not sure what I am asking here. When you use Java you can use JEEE stack or Java with third party stack (spring, hibernate, maven etc.). I saw a lot of project that work with second option if web application is not enterprise level but social networking site for example which stack is best pick? Summary of this question is is it safe to jump in to Java learn it and build product based on it. It's not too hard for me to learn it. But how much can I get from it.

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• What type of application is this called?

  - by boatingcow

  I am working on a web-based application which combines elements of what my client would call a CMS (content management system) and CRM (customer relations management) but also adds in many other business-specific features such as bookings management, staff task allocation management, wages calculations, document version control etc. However, I'm struggling to find a catch-all term for this type of application so I can research how other people have gone about creating such an integrated solution. Can anyone recommend a term I can use to refer to this, both internally in our team, for the client so they know what to call the 'system' and also for me personally, so that I can ask the Stack community further questions?

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• strlen returns incorrect value when called in gdb

  - by alesplin

  So I'm noticing some severely incorrect behavior from calls to standard library functions inside GDB. I have the following program to illustrate: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *s1 = "test"; char *s2 = calloc(strlen("test")+1,sizeof(char)); snprintf(s2,strlen("test")+1,"test"); printf("string constant: %lu\n", strlen(s1)); printf("allocated string: %lu\n", strlen(s2)); free(s2); return 0; } When run from the command-line, this program outputs just what you'd expect: string constant: 4 allocated string: 4 However, in GDB, I get the following, incorrect output from calls to strlen(): (gdb) p strlen(s1) $1 = -938856896 (gdb) p strlen(s2) $2 = -938856896 I'm pretty sure this is a problem with glibc shipped with Ubuntu (I'm using 10.10), but this is a serious problem for those of us who spend lots of time in GDB. Is anyone else experiencing this kind of error? What's the best way to fix it? Build glibc from source? (I'm already running a version of GDB built from source)

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• Expected time for lazy evaluation with nested functions?

  - by Matt_JD

  A colleague and I are doing a free R course, although I believe this is a more general lazy evaluation issue, and have found a scenario that we have discussed briefly and I'd like to find out the answer from a wider community. The scenario is as follows (pseudo code): wrapper => function(thing) { print => function() { write(thing) } } v = createThing(1, 2, 3) w = wrapper(v) v = createThing(4, 5, 6) w.print() // Will print 4, 5, 6 thing. v = create(7, 8, 9) w.print() // Will print 4, 5, 6 because "thing" has now been evaluated. Another similar situation is as follows: // Using the same function as above v = createThing(1, 2, 3) v = wrapper(v) w.print() // The wrapper function incestuously includes itself. Now I understand why this happens but where my colleague and I differ is on what should happen. My colleague's view is that this is a bug and the evaluation of the passed in argument should be forced at the point it is passed in so that the returned "w" function is fixed. My view is that I would prefer his option myself, but that I realise that the situation we are encountering is down to lazy evaluation and this is just how it works and is more a quirk than a bug. I am not actually sure of what would be expected, hence the reason I am asking this question. I think that function comments could express what will happen, or leave it to be very lazy, and if the coder using the function wants the argument evaluated then they can force it before passing it in. So, when working with lazy evaulation, what is the practice for the time to evaluate an argument passed, and stored, inside a function?

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• Do first-class methods exist?

  - by gdhoward

  Okay, I know first-class functions are cool, closures even better, etc. But is there any language with first-class methods? In my mind, I see a first-class method as an "object" that has both a function pointer and a pointer to a specific instance of the class/object, but the implementation doesn't matter. I just want to know if there is any language that uses them. And as a bonus, how were they implemented?

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