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  • Expected time for lazy evaluation with nested functions?

    - by Matt_JD
    A colleague and I are doing a free R course, although I believe this is a more general lazy evaluation issue, and have found a scenario that we have discussed briefly and I'd like to find out the answer from a wider community. The scenario is as follows (pseudo code): wrapper => function(thing) { print => function() { write(thing) } } v = createThing(1, 2, 3) w = wrapper(v) v = createThing(4, 5, 6) w.print() // Will print 4, 5, 6 thing. v = create(7, 8, 9) w.print() // Will print 4, 5, 6 because "thing" has now been evaluated. Another similar situation is as follows: // Using the same function as above v = createThing(1, 2, 3) v = wrapper(v) w.print() // The wrapper function incestuously includes itself. Now I understand why this happens but where my colleague and I differ is on what should happen. My colleague's view is that this is a bug and the evaluation of the passed in argument should be forced at the point it is passed in so that the returned "w" function is fixed. My view is that I would prefer his option myself, but that I realise that the situation we are encountering is down to lazy evaluation and this is just how it works and is more a quirk than a bug. I am not actually sure of what would be expected, hence the reason I am asking this question. I think that function comments could express what will happen, or leave it to be very lazy, and if the coder using the function wants the argument evaluated then they can force it before passing it in. So, when working with lazy evaulation, what is the practice for the time to evaluate an argument passed, and stored, inside a function?

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  • What Shading/Rendering techniques are being used in this image?

    - by Rhakiras
    My previous question wasn't clear enough. From a rendering point of view what kind of techniques are used in this image as I would like to apply a similar style (I'm using OpenGL if that matters): http://alexcpeterson.com/ My specific questions are: How is that sun glare made? How does the planet look "cartoon" like? How does the space around the planet look warped/misted? How does the water look that good? I'm a beginner so any information/keywords on each question would be helpful so I can go off and learn more. Thanks

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  • Bridging the gap between learning language fundamentals and actually making useful software?

    - by Anonymous -
    I'm learning C# via the "Essential C#" Lynda.com video tutorials and plan to read a couple of books that cover things in more depth afterwards. My question is where I should head to learn more after that? I've done things like project Euler in the past, but I find they don't really help me learn anything other than basic program control flow and features. I've looked at many open-source projects but pretty much everything still looks overwhelmingly complicated at this stage. What would you recommend I look at to help me build useful applications that are a bit beyond the millions of console applications I must've written thus-far? Should I be looking at books specifically on learning/working with the .NET framework, or just biting my lip and continue working through open source projects until they start to make sense?

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  • Should I use events in this case?

    - by joon
    I'm creating a video player, like a custom YouTube player. All of the GUI elements (progress bar, video player, play button, ...) are different classes, but I obviously need them to communicate. When the progress bar is clicked, or the slider is moved, it needs to send a "seek(x)" command to the video player. Similarly, the video player needs to update the progressbar every frame. Currently I'm doing this by having almost all elements have a link to each other. So when I create the progress bar, I'm telling it where the video player is. But after a while this becomes more and more complicated, and I'm wondering if events would be a better way to do this. Or a main controller class that has all the connections. What should I do?

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  • The need for source control software - Team Foundation Server? or something different?

    - by l0Ft
    Recently, Here at the company, more than one programmer was appointed in charge for a LightSwitch(C#) software development project and immediately there was a need of some sort of source control/sync. We have never used Team Foundation Server but we'd gladly use it if it's worth it. Is it the right tool to use for synchronising code between programmers? Does it have the needed features? Do you have any other tool in mind? (I have used TortoiseSVN but it was too simple and 'texty' if you know what I mean, we need a professional tool) What other features does Team Foundation has that we can use? (if you did not understand any of the above please ask me to clarify further)

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  • What type of application is this called?

    - by boatingcow
    I am working on a web-based application which combines elements of what my client would call a CMS (content management system) and CRM (customer relations management) but also adds in many other business-specific features such as bookings management, staff task allocation management, wages calculations, document version control etc. However, I'm struggling to find a catch-all term for this type of application so I can research how other people have gone about creating such an integrated solution. Can anyone recommend a term I can use to refer to this, both internally in our team, for the client so they know what to call the 'system' and also for me personally, so that I can ask the Stack community further questions?

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  • What's involved in resetting the graphics device?

    - by Donutz
    I'm playing with XNA 4.0, VS2010. I've created a window (not maximized) and drawn some sprites. All is good until I resize the window, after which the sprites stop displaying or only partially display. I'm pretty sure it has something to do with needing to reset the device or something, but can't find any clear instructions or sample code. It's not just a case of needing to increase the preferredbackbuffer size, because even if I shrink the window I get this symptom. I've looked at the source code that I was able to get from Microsoft before they shut down XNA, but it doesn't actually explain anything. Any help or advice? If it makes any difference I'm creating DrawableGameComponents and doing my updates and drawing in their Draw/Update routines.

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  • Why does Scala require functions to have explicit return type?

    - by garbage collection
    I recently began learning to program in Scala, and it's been fun so far. I really like the ability to declare functions within another function which just seems to intuitive thing to do. One pet peeve I have about Scala is the fact that Scala requires explicit return type in its functions. And I feel like this hinders on expressiveness of the language. Also it's just difficult to program with that requirement. Maybe it's because I come from Javascript and Ruby comfort zone. But for a language like Scala which will have tons of connected functions in an application, I cannot conceive how I brainstorm in my head exactly what type the particular function I am writing should return with recursions after recursions. This requirement of explicit return type declaration on functions, do not bother me for languages like Java and C++. Recursions in Java and C++, when they did happen, often were dealt with 2 to 3 functions max. Never several functions chained up together like Scala. So I guess I'm wondering if there is a good reason why Scala should have the requirement of functions having explicit return type?

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  • Are there any reliable solutions for annotations/reflection/code-metadata in C?

    - by dukeofgaming
    Not all languages support java-like annotations or C#-like attributes or code metadata in general, however that doesn't mean it is not possible to have in languages that don't have this. An example is PHP with Stubbles and the Doctrine annotation library. My question is, is there anything like this for C?, or are there any reliable ways of doing reflection with extended code metadata in C? Ideally, I'm looking for something that reads javadoc-like comments. Edit: The reason for me *needing* as opposed to just wanting, is that I need to generate C code and code-metadata from a database, as well as being able to edit that metadada and update the database. The volume of the work (~15,000 variables/structures/functions to generate from this database) justifies the solution.

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  • Learning to program in the modern era?

    - by BBHorus
    At this time, lets say in the modern era, in which order do you organize a programing course for teaching and/or learning, what should be learned first, what should emphasize: Databases Data structures Design patterns Programing paradigms(Procedural, functional, OOP, ...etc ) Operating System Some specific programing language What about English if you are not native speaker or doesn't know English AI Anything else... I ask this because in the university that I went, the programing course was awful it was not focus on what you were going to see out when you work what you were supposed to learn. PS: Again sorry about my English is not my main language. ...Experts and gurus please share

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  • opengl memory issue - quite strange.

    - by user4707
    Hello, I have heard that textures consumes lot of memory but I am surprised how much.... I have 7 textures 1024 16 bit each. And while I will run my app it consumes 57MB of memory. I think that this is "a bit" too much. I am writing 2D application (no cocos or other framework) Strange is that while I will compile my app with disabled rendering methods: glDrawArrays than It uses only 27MB.... which is about 30MB less... Do you have any Idea why? I am creating textures before rendering of course: rendering looks like this: [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, defaultFramebuffer); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glPushMatrix(); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); TeksturaObrazek *obrazek_klaw =[[AppDirector sharedAppDirector] obrazek_klaw]; glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, [[obrazek_klaw image_texture] name] ); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0,vertex1); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertex2); glColor4f(1,1,1,alpha); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); glDisable(GL_BLEND); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glPopMatrix(); [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES]; It looks like standard routine... I have spent about 2 days looking for for answer and I still have no clue.

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  • Do first-class methods exist?

    - by gdhoward
    Okay, I know first-class functions are cool, closures even better, etc. But is there any language with first-class methods? In my mind, I see a first-class method as an "object" that has both a function pointer and a pointer to a specific instance of the class/object, but the implementation doesn't matter. I just want to know if there is any language that uses them. And as a bonus, how were they implemented?

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  • Attaching Events to Document Better Than Attaching Them to Elements?

    - by Todd
    While bouncing around StackOverflow, I've noticed a number of people attaching events (notably click events) to the document as opposed to the elements themselves. Example: Given this: <button id="myButton">CLICK ME</button> Instead of writing this (using jQuery just for brevity): $('#myButton').on('click', function() { ... }); They do this: $(document).on('click', function() { ... }); And then presumably use event.target to drill down to the element that was actually clicked. Are there any gains/advantages in capturing events at the document level instead of at the element level?

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  • Changing a Sprite When Hit in GameMaker

    - by Pixels_
    I am making a simple little Galaga style game. I want the objects sprite to change whenever it is hit. For example if a laser hits an alien then the sprite takes 1 out of 4 damage to its health points (HP). However I want the sprite to change from green to yellow after 1 hit, yellow to orange after 2 hits, orange to red after 3 hits, and red to pixel explosion after all 4 HPs are lost. That way you can easily distinguish the amount of health each alien has left. How can I do this? Preferably explain it in code.

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  • Rewriting software using Agile methodologies

    - by Asier
    Suppose you have to rewrite an entire application using Agile methodologies, how would you do it? I guess you could write a big bunch of user stories based in the behavior of your current system. And then implement them in small iterations. But this wouldn't mean that we have the requirements UP FRONT?? Also, when would you start releasing? Agile says we should release early and often, but it doesn't make much sense to release before the complete rewrite has been completed. Anybody has used Agile before to rewrite software? How did you do it?

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  • Recommended learning path?

    - by stairmast0r
    First, my current standing: I know C++ at an.. advanced beginner level? I've gone through a book, I know the syntax well enough, I know a fair amount of standard library functions, and I've programmed some simple console stuff with it. I'd probably be able to program more with it if I knew how to structure a program, but I just can't seem to wrap my head around the whole concept of structuring something remotely complex. I've messed around with Java for a day or two, and the syntax was extremely easy to get the hang of, except that I didn't really know any functions. I'm plenty willing to learn, and to work hard to do so, but I don't really know where to go from here. Now, at the risk of sounding cliche, what I'd like to become is someone like the great three of id; Carmack, Romero, and Abrash. To be considered a genius. I believe anything can be learned, and nothing mentally limits anyone except lack of desire to learn. But I don't know how to learn this. They learned by doing, and making do with what resources they had. On the other hand, I have access to almost any books I want, access to the internet, and access to a more than capable computer and software. Should I learn more languages? Assembly? LISP? BASIC? Haskell? Should I dive straight into advanced topics like OpenGL? Or should I wait until I feel I've come closer to mastering the simpler things, like console programs, first? Should I follow tutorials? Should I follow books? Should I just dive into writing something and follow a reference manual as I go? What order should I do all this in? How should I do it? I want to completely master this; to be considered a genius. The most perfect career I can imagine is to start the next id. I have the drive to do it, I just don't know where to begin...

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  • Long lines of text in source code [closed]

    - by ale
    Possible Duplicate: Is the 80 character limit still relevant in times of widescreen monitors? I used to set a vertical line set at 80 characters in my text editor and then I added carriage returns if the lines got too long. I later increased the value to 135 characters. I started using word wrap and not giving myself a limit but tried to keep lines short if I could because it took a lot of time shortening my lines. People at work use word wrap and don't give themselves a limit.. is this the correct way? What are you meant to do ? Many thanks.

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  • High-level description of how experimental C++ features are developed?

    - by Praxeolitic
    Herb Sutter in a video answers a question about the concepts proposal considered for C++11 and from his remarks it sounds like multiple groups offered prototype implementations but all of them left concerns about slow compile times. The comment surprised me because it suggests that, at least in some cases, the prototypes being developed are not just proofs of concept -- they're even expected to perform. All the work that must take has me curious. For mature languages, especially C++, how are experimental language features developed? Is it much different from developing a compiler that implements a standard? Does a developer have a sense of if it will work and perform or even if it ever could? What are the most time consuming parts and are any parts surprisingly easier than one might expect? The question is not what does the C++ standards committee do, but rather the part that comes before. When an experimental implementation for a proposal is being put together and there aren't any completely solidified rules, how is the sausage made? I'm not a professional compiler developer nor do I expect answers with step by step accounts. I'd like a high-level idea of how this would be done or if there are any general patterns at all. I don't know what to expect from the answers but even if there are no rules to the process and the small number of people who do this just cowboy it and then, for stuff that worked out, write up the "official version" as a proposal, that answer would still be informative.

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  • Map multiple functions over a single data item

    - by Linus Norton
    I'm in the process of learning Scala and I came across a scenario today where I need to map multiple functions over a single piece of data and wondered if there was a formal name for this. It sort of feels like the inverse of map. I'm not sure this is the correct way of expressing it, but this is what I did: dmap(x: Object, fns: List[Function]) = fns.map(_(x)) Is there a built in way to do something similar? Is there a formal name for this function?

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  • Top X tips to code & debug efficiently [closed]

    - by user1510230
    I'm starting a big Java project and I wanted to have some advices that could benefit us all. What are the X (X could be 5 / 10 / ... or even 100 :) most important tips to code and debug efficiently in general (and in particular with java / javascript) ? I'll start with some basic ones : Use functions everytime a portion of code is used more than twice. Try not to code features with more than 15 lines of code in one shot. Rather write 5 lines of code then check if they work correctly then write 5 more... and so on start with the outcome of the function and then code it backwards (bottom-top approach) ... Thanks everybody

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  • What do you feel are characteristics of a mature programmer?

    - by blparker
    Hey all. As part of ongoing research that I am conducting, I would like to ask a crowd, that I feel is the most qualified, to answer a question. What does the community feel are characteristics of a mature programmer? I'm not asking the question because I'm looking to hire or anything of that nature. A colleague and I repeatedly hear a trend throughout universities and specifically computer science departments. The students generally ask questions of the form: How can I become a mature programmer? How can I become a world class programmer? What steps should a new programmer take to become more skilled? So, with that, we are conducting research to attempt to identify an optimized path that would allow an introductory programmer to advance to that of a skilled/mature programmer. Now, I understand that there are many "it depends" out there depending on what vertical industry one works in, but I feel we can determine many common characteristics irrespective of the industry. Any thing you can offer is greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Is there an imperative language with a Haskell-like type system?

    - by Graham Kaemmer
    I've tried to learn Haskell a few times over the last few years, and, maybe because I know mainly scripting languages, the functional-ness of it has always bothered me (monads seem like a huge mess for doing lots of I/O). However, I think it's type system is perfect. Reading through a guide to Haskell's types and typeclasses (like this), I don't really see a reason why they would require a functional language, and furthermore, they seem like they would be perfect for an industry-grade object-oriented language (like Java). This all begs the question: has anyone ever taken Haskell's typing system and made a imperative, OOP language with it? If so, I want to use it.

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  • 3D Location Handling

    - by tgrosinger
    I am thinking about making a simulator type game that will involve having lots of small objects in a 3D space. What is the typical solution for handling these objects? The first thing that comes to mind is a 3D Array, but I can't help but think there is a more efficient solution. Another idea that comes to mind is objects having possession of smaller items. For example a House possesses a Table which possesses a Cup and Bowl. The final way I can think of handling this is just having an array of "objects" that each have an x, y, z value. While this would make storing them easy I do not understand how you would detect collisions without just looking at every possible object and checking to see if it is in the way. Are there other ways of holding onto these objects that is more efficient?

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  • How to write a real time data acquisition program [closed]

    - by Tosin Awe
    I have to write a program in assembly language that will monitor temperature continuously, and I have no idea where to begin. The temperature must be displayed in BCD format, and the high and low set points will be programmed into the system. if the set points are exceeded then an alarm will be indicated. The low point is 20 degrees Celsius, and the high point is 24 degrees Celsius. Can somebody give me some hints on how to complete this task?

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  • Useful Custom Business Programs

    - by jacktrades
    Can you name the most useful programs for small business you've seen? This comprises small programs (not big open source projects). I'm referring to tools that have done something different and extremely useful that a normal office suite could not. As a developer, I'm looking to propose more products to small businesses clients. In other words, What 'we developers' can do better than standard tools?

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