Search Results

Search found 15301 results on 613 pages for 'global assembly cache'.

Page 153/613 | < Previous Page | 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160  | Next Page >

  • I have a NGINX server configured to work with node.js, but many times a file of 1.03MB of js is not loaded by various browser and various pc

    - by Totty
    I'm using this in a local LAN so it should be quite fast. The nginx server use the node.js server to serve static files, so it must pass throught node.js to download the files, but that is not a problem when I'm not using the nginx. In chrome with debugger on I can see that the status is: 206 - partial content and it only has downloaded 31KB of 1.03MB. After 1.1 min it turns red and the status failed. Waiting time: 6ms Receiving: 1.1 min The headers in google chrom: Request URL:http://192.168.1.16/production/assembly/script/production.js Request Method:GET Status Code:206 Partial Content Request Headersview source Accept:*/* Accept-Charset:ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language:pt-PT,pt;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4 Connection:keep-alive Cookie:connect.sid=s%3Abls2qobcCaJ%2FyBNZwedtDR9N.0vD4Fi03H1bEdCszGsxIjjK0lZIjJhLnToWKFVxZOiE Host:192.168.1.16 If-Range:"1081715-1350053827000" Range:bytes=16090-16090 Referer:http://192.168.1.16/production/assembly/ User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/537.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1229.94 Safari/537.4 Response Headersview source Accept-Ranges:bytes Cache-Control:public, max-age=0 Connection:keep-alive Content-Length:1 Content-Range:bytes 16090-16090/1081715 Content-Type:application/javascript Date:Mon, 15 Oct 2012 09:18:50 GMT ETag:"1081715-1350053827000" Last-Modified:Fri, 12 Oct 2012 14:57:07 GMT Server:nginx/1.1.19 X-Powered-By:Express My nginx configurations: File 1: user totty; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /home/totty/web/production01_server/node_modules/production/_logs/_NGINX_access.txt; error_log /home/totty/web/production01_server/node_modules/production/_logs/_NGINX_error.txt; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; # gzip_vary on; # gzip_proxied any; # gzip_comp_level 6; # gzip_buffers 16 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## autoindex on; include /home/totty/web/production01_server/_deployment/nginxConfigs/server/*; } File that is included by the previous file: server { # custom location for entry # using only "/" instead of "/production/assembly" it # would allow you to go to "thatip/". In this way # we are limiting to "thatip/production/assembly/" location /production/assembly/ { # ip and port used in node.js proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/; } location /production/assembly.mongo/ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000/; proxy_redirect off; } location /production/assembly.logs/ { autoindex on; alias /home/totty/web/production01_server/node_modules/production/_logs/; } }

    Read the article

  • Installing php(suexec) for Apache

    - by John
    I've got Apache installed and running but how do i install and run PHP as fastcgi so it runs as its own user? here is my apache config: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-rewrite=shared --enable-so --enable-suexec --disable-asis --disable-autoindex --enable-cache --enable-deflate --enable-disk-cache --enable-expires --enable-file-cache --enable-mem-cache --enable-ssl --enable-vhost-alias --with-mpm=prefork --with-port=8080 here is my php config: ./configure prefix=/usr/local/php --without-pear --enable-safe-mode --enable-magic-quotes --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --disable-cli --disable-cgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-fastcgi --with-mysql --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib --with-png-dir=/usr/lib --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib --enable-calendar --with-curl --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt

    Read the article

  • Squid stale-while-revalidate not working when max-age=0

    - by Wiliam
    Squid 2.7 always reaches backend, expected is to reach backend using stale-while-revalidate only when cache expires, not when client triggers max-age=0. Script: <?php header('Cache-Control: public, max-age=10, stale-if-error=200, stale-while-revalidate=500'); header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT"); sleep(2); die("OK"); And squid config: # http_port public_ip:port accel defaultsite= default hostname, if not provided http_port 80 accel defaultsite=mydomain.com # IP and port of your main application server (or multiple) cache_peer 127.0.0.1 parent 8000 0 no-query allow-miss originserver name=main # Do not tell the world that which squid version we're running httpd_suppress_version_string on # Remove the Caching Control header for upstream servers header_access Cache-Control deny all #header_access Last-Modified deny all # log all incoming traffic in Apache format logformat combined %>a %ui %un [%tl] "%rm %ru HTTP/%rv" %Hs %<st "%{Referer}>h" "%{User-Agent}>h" %Ss:%Sh access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.log combined all cache_effective_user squid refresh_pattern . 10080 90% 999999 ignore-no-cache override-expire ignore-private icp_port 0

    Read the article

  • wget-ing protected content with exported cookies

    - by XXL
    I have exported a pair of cookies from Firefox that are valid for the URL in question and tried accessing/downloading the protected content off that address, but the end result is a return to the login page. I have tried doing the same thing for 3 other websites with similar outcome. Any clues as to what I might be doing wrong? The syntax I'm using: wget --load--cookies=FILE URL ----------------------------------------------- DEBUG output created by Wget 1.12 on linux-gnu. Stored cookie www.x.org -1 (ANY) / <permanent> <insecure> [expiry 1901-12-13 22:25:44] c_secure_login lz8xZQ%3D%3D Stored cookie www.x.org -1 (ANY) / <permanent> <insecure> [expiry 1901-12-13 22:25:44] c_secure_pass 2fd4e1c67a2d28fced849ee1bb76e74a Stored cookie www.x.org -1 (ANY) / <permanent> <insecure> [expiry 1901-12-13 22:25:44] c_secure_uid GZX4TDA%3D --2011-01-14 13:57:02-- www.x.org/download.php?id=397003 Resolving www.x.org... 1.1.1.1 Caching www.x.org => 1.1.1.1 Connecting to www.x.org|1.1.1.1|:80... connected. Created socket 5. Releasing 0x0943ef20 (new refcount 1). ---request begin--- GET /download.php?id=397003 HTTP/1.0 User-Agent: Wget/1.12 (linux-gnu) Accept: */* Host: www.x.org Connection: Keep-Alive ---request end--- HTTP request sent, awaiting response... ---response begin--- HTTP/1.1 302 Found Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2011 11:26:19 GMT Server: Apache X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny8 Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=5f2fd97103f8988554394f23c5897765; path=/ Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 Pragma: no-cache Location: www.x.org/login.php?returnto=download.php%3Fid%3D397003 Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Length: 0 Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/html ---response end--- 302 Found Stored cookie www.x.org -1 (ANY) / <session> <insecure> [expiry none] PHPSESSID 5f2fd97103f8988554394f23c5897765 Registered socket 5 for persistent reuse. Location: www.x.org/login.php?returnto=download.php%3Fid%3D397003 [following] Skipping 0 bytes of body: [] done. --2011-01-14 13:57:02-- www.x.org/login.php?returnto=download.php%3Fid%3D397003 Reusing existing connection to www.x.org:80. Reusing fd 5. ---request begin--- GET /login.php?returnto=download.php%3Fid%3D397003 HTTP/1.0 User-Agent: Wget/1.12 (linux-gnu) Accept: */* Host: www.x.org Connection: Keep-Alive Cookie: PHPSESSID=5f2fd97103f8988554394f23c5897765 ---request end--- HTTP request sent, awaiting response... ---response begin--- HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2011 11:26:20 GMT Server: Apache X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny8 Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 Pragma: no-cache Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Length: 2171 Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=99 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/html ---response end--- 200 OK Length: 2171 (2.1K) [text/html] Saving to: `x.out' 0K .. 100% 18.7M=0s 2011-01-14 13:57:02 (18.7 MB/s) - `x.out' saved [2171/2171]

    Read the article

  • How to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy?

    - by Continuation
    I heard recently that Nginx has added caching to its reverse proxy feature. I looked around but couldn't find much info about it. I want to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy in front of Apache/Django: to have Nginx proxy requests for some (but not all) dynamic pages to Apache, then cache the generated pages and serve subsequent requests for those pages from cache. Ideally I'd want to invalidate cache in 2 ways: Set an expiration date on the cached item To explicitly invalidate the cached item. E.g. if my Django backend has updated certain data, I'd want to tell Nginx to invalidate the cache of the affected pages Is it possible to set Nginx to do that? How?

    Read the article

  • htaccess filesMatch exclusion

    - by Hikari
    I have the following directive in my htaccess <filesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png|js|css|swf|php|ico|txt|pdf|xml|html?)$"> FileETag None <ifModule mod_headers.c> Header unset ETag Header set Cache-Control "max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate" Header set Pragma "no-cache" Header set Expires "Wed, 11 Jan 1984 05:00:00 GMT" </ifModule> </filesMatch> I copied that regex from someplace in Web months ago. It should add those headers to any HTTP Response that does NOT have those extensions. But it's not working, it's adding them to any Response. I also need to create another directive to add Header set Cache-Control "max-age=3600, public" to Responses of files that DOES have them. Could anybody help me make proper fileMatch regexes?

    Read the article

  • Make thunderbird store all mail locally for IMAP accounts but not indexing all for search

    - by rubo77
    In Thunderbird the global gloda search is connected to the selection of downloaded/syncronized folders of the IMAP accounts in the Offline-settings. Is it possible somehow, that Thunderbirds download/syncs all emails in the IMAP account but does not add them to the index for the global search? I would like to do this because I have some accounts that I only keep in thunderbird for archiving reasons but I don't want to find those mails, when I use the global search

    Read the article

  • How to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy?

    - by Continuation
    I heard recently that Nginx has added caching to its reverse proxy feature. I looked around but couldn't find much info about it. I want to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy in front of Apache/Django: to have Nginx proxy requests for some (but not all) dynamic pages to Apache, then cache the generated pages and serve subsequent requests for those pages from cache. Ideally I'd want to invalidate cache in 2 ways: Set an expiration date on the cached item To explicitly invalidate the cached item. E.g. if my Django backend has updated certain data, I'd want to tell Nginx to invalidate the cache of the affected pages Is it possible to set Nginx to do that? How?

    Read the article

  • When using autoproxy, how can you see the proxy configuration?

    - by zr
    I set the global settings of the machine to use an autoproxy configuration script. e.g. http://autoproxy.mycompanydomain.exe:8080, but still there are some network apps that require an explicit proxy setting. I assume that this is because those apps don't know how to access the global proxy settings. How can i see the global proxy settings that were configured automatically so i can copy them to the settings of these troublesome apps?

    Read the article

  • Inside the Concurrent Collections: ConcurrentBag

    - by Simon Cooper
    Unlike the other concurrent collections, ConcurrentBag does not really have a non-concurrent analogy. As stated in the MSDN documentation, ConcurrentBag is optimised for the situation where the same thread is both producing and consuming items from the collection. We'll see how this is the case as we take a closer look. Again, I recommend you have ConcurrentBag open in a decompiler for reference. Thread Statics ConcurrentBag makes heavy use of thread statics - static variables marked with ThreadStaticAttribute. This is a special attribute that instructs the CLR to scope any values assigned to or read from the variable to the executing thread, not globally within the AppDomain. This means that if two different threads assign two different values to the same thread static variable, one value will not overwrite the other, and each thread will see the value they assigned to the variable, separately to any other thread. This is a very useful function that allows for ConcurrentBag's concurrency properties. You can think of a thread static variable: [ThreadStatic] private static int m_Value; as doing the same as: private static Dictionary<Thread, int> m_Values; where the executing thread's identity is used to automatically set and retrieve the corresponding value in the dictionary. In .NET 4, this usage of ThreadStaticAttribute is encapsulated in the ThreadLocal class. Lists of lists ConcurrentBag, at its core, operates as a linked list of linked lists: Each outer list node is an instance of ThreadLocalList, and each inner list node is an instance of Node. Each outer ThreadLocalList is owned by a particular thread, accessible through the thread local m_locals variable: private ThreadLocal<ThreadLocalList<T>> m_locals It is important to note that, although the m_locals variable is thread-local, that only applies to accesses through that variable. The objects referenced by the thread (each instance of the ThreadLocalList object) are normal heap objects that are not specific to any thread. Thinking back to the Dictionary analogy above, if each value stored in the dictionary could be accessed by other means, then any thread could access the value belonging to other threads using that mechanism. Only reads and writes to the variable defined as thread-local are re-routed by the CLR according to the executing thread's identity. So, although m_locals is defined as thread-local, the m_headList, m_nextList and m_tailList variables aren't. This means that any thread can access all the thread local lists in the collection by doing a linear search through the outer linked list defined by these variables. Adding items So, onto the collection operations. First, adding items. This one's pretty simple. If the current thread doesn't already own an instance of ThreadLocalList, then one is created (or, if there are lists owned by threads that have stopped, it takes control of one of those). Then the item is added to the head of that thread's list. That's it. Don't worry, it'll get more complicated when we account for the other operations on the list! Taking & Peeking items This is where it gets tricky. If the current thread's list has items in it, then it peeks or removes the head item (not the tail item) from the local list and returns that. However, if the local list is empty, it has to go and steal another item from another list, belonging to a different thread. It iterates through all the thread local lists in the collection using the m_headList and m_nextList variables until it finds one that has items in it, and it steals one item from that list. Up to this point, the two threads had been operating completely independently. To steal an item from another thread's list, the stealing thread has to do it in such a way as to not step on the owning thread's toes. Recall how adding and removing items both operate on the head of the thread's linked list? That gives us an easy way out - a thread trying to steal items from another thread can pop in round the back of another thread's list using the m_tail variable, and steal an item from the back without the owning thread knowing anything about it. The owning thread can carry on completely independently, unaware that one of its items has been nicked. However, this only works when there are at least 3 items in the list, as that guarantees there will be at least one node between the owning thread performing operations on the list head and the thread stealing items from the tail - there's no chance of the two threads operating on the same node at the same time and causing a race condition. If there's less than three items in the list, then there does need to be some synchronization between the two threads. In this case, the lock on the ThreadLocalList object is used to mediate access to a thread's list when there's the possibility of contention. Thread synchronization In ConcurrentBag, this is done using several mechanisms: Operations performed by the owner thread only take out the lock when there are less than three items in the collection. With three or greater items, there won't be any conflict with a stealing thread operating on the tail of the list. If a lock isn't taken out, the owning thread sets the list's m_currentOp variable to a non-zero value for the duration of the operation. This indicates to all other threads that there is a non-locked operation currently occuring on that list. The stealing thread always takes out the lock, to prevent two threads trying to steal from the same list at the same time. After taking out the lock, the stealing thread spinwaits until m_currentOp has been set to zero before actually performing the steal. This ensures there won't be a conflict with the owning thread when the number of items in the list is on the 2-3 item borderline. If any add or remove operations are started in the meantime, and the list is below 3 items, those operations try to take out the list's lock and are blocked until the stealing thread has finished. This allows a thread to steal an item from another thread's list without corrupting it. What about synchronization in the collection as a whole? Collection synchronization Any thread that operates on the collection's global structure (accessing anything outside the thread local lists) has to take out the collection's global lock - m_globalListsLock. This single lock is sufficient when adding a new thread local list, as the items inside each thread's list are unaffected. However, what about operations (such as Count or ToArray) that need to access every item in the collection? In order to ensure a consistent view, all operations on the collection are stopped while the count or ToArray is performed. This is done by freezing the bag at the start, performing the global operation, and unfreezing at the end: The global lock is taken out, to prevent structural alterations to the collection. m_needSync is set to true. This notifies all the threads that they need to take out their list's lock irregardless of what operation they're doing. All the list locks are taken out in order. This blocks all locking operations on the lists. The freezing thread waits for all current lockless operations to finish by spinwaiting on each m_currentOp field. The global operation can then be performed while the bag is frozen, but no other operations can take place at the same time, as all other threads are blocked on a list's lock. Then, once the global operation has finished, the locks are released, m_needSync is unset, and normal concurrent operation resumes. Concurrent principles That's the essence of how ConcurrentBag operates. Each thread operates independently on its own local list, except when they have to steal items from another list. When stealing, only the stealing thread is forced to take out the lock; the owning thread only has to when there is the possibility of contention. And a global lock controls accesses to the structure of the collection outside the thread lists. Operations affecting the entire collection take out all locks in the collection to freeze the contents at a single point in time. So, what principles can we extract here? Threads operate independently Thread-static variables and ThreadLocal makes this easy. Threads operate entirely concurrently on their own structures; only when they need to grab data from another thread is there any thread contention. Minimised lock-taking Even when two threads need to operate on the same data structures (one thread stealing from another), they do so in such a way such that the probability of actually blocking on a lock is minimised; the owning thread always operates on the head of the list, and the stealing thread always operates on the tail. Management of lockless operations Any operations that don't take out a lock still have a 'hook' to force them to lock when necessary. This allows all operations on the collection to be stopped temporarily while a global snapshot is taken. Hopefully, such operations will be short-lived and infrequent. That's all the concurrent collections covered. I hope you've found it as informative and interesting as I have. Next, I'll be taking a closer look at ThreadLocal, which I came across while analyzing ConcurrentBag. As you'll see, the operation of this class deserves a much closer look.

    Read the article

  • Adding an Admin user to an ASP.NET MVC 4 application using a single drop-in file

    - by Jon Galloway
    I'm working on an ASP.NET MVC 4 tutorial and wanted to set it up so just dropping a file in App_Start would create a user named "Owner" and assign them to the "Administrator" role (more explanation at the end if you're interested). There are reasons why this wouldn't fit into most application scenarios: It's not efficient, as it checks for (and creates, if necessary) the user every time the app starts up The username, password, and role name are hardcoded in the app (although they could be pulled from config) Automatically creating an administrative account in code (without user interaction) could lead to obvious security issues if the user isn't informed However, with some modifications it might be more broadly useful - e.g. creating a test user with limited privileges, ensuring a required account isn't accidentally deleted, or - as in my case - setting up an account for demonstration or tutorial purposes. Challenge #1: Running on startup without requiring the user to install or configure anything I wanted to see if this could be done just by having the user drop a file into the App_Start folder and go. No copying code into Global.asax.cs, no installing addition NuGet packages, etc. That may not be the best approach - perhaps a NuGet package with a dependency on WebActivator would be better - but I wanted to see if this was possible and see if it offered the best experience. Fortunately ASP.NET 4 and later provide a PreApplicationStartMethod attribute which allows you to register a method which will run when the application starts up. You drop this attribute in your application and give it two parameters: a method name and the type that contains it. I created a static class named PreApplicationTasks with a static method named, then dropped this attribute in it: [assembly: PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(PreApplicationTasks), "Initializer")] That's it. One small gotcha: the namespace can be a problem with assembly attributes. I decided my class didn't need a namespace. Challenge #2: Only one PreApplicationStartMethod per assembly In .NET 4, the PreApplicationStartMethod is marked as AllMultiple=false, so you can only have one PreApplicationStartMethod per assembly. This was fixed in .NET 4.5, as noted by Jon Skeet, so you can have as many PreApplicationStartMethods as you want (allowing you to keep your users waiting for the application to start indefinitely!). The WebActivator NuGet package solves the multiple instance problem if you're in .NET 4 - it registers as a PreApplicationStartMethod, then calls any methods you've indicated using [assembly: WebActivator.PreApplicationStartMethod(type, method)]. David Ebbo blogged about that here:  Light up your NuGets with startup code and WebActivator. In my scenario (bootstrapping a beginner level tutorial) I decided not to worry about this and stick with PreApplicationStartMethod. Challenge #3: PreApplicationStartMethod kicks in before configuration has been read This is by design, as Phil explains. It allows you to make changes that need to happen very early in the pipeline, well before Application_Start. That's fine in some cases, but it caused me problems when trying to add users, since the Membership Provider configuration hadn't yet been read - I got an exception stating that "Default Membership Provider could not be found." The solution here is to run code that requires configuration in a PostApplicationStart method. But how to do that? Challenge #4: Getting PostApplicationStartMethod without requiring WebActivator The WebActivator NuGet package, among other things, provides a PostApplicationStartMethod attribute. That's generally how I'd recommend running code that needs to happen after Application_Start: [assembly: WebActivator.PostApplicationStartMethod(typeof(TestLibrary.MyStartupCode), "CallMeAfterAppStart")] This works well, but I wanted to see if this would be possible without WebActivator. Hmm. Well, wait a minute - WebActivator works in .NET 4, so clearly it's registering and calling PostApplicationStartup tasks somehow. Off to the source code! Sure enough, there's even a handy comment in ActivationManager.cs which shows where PostApplicationStartup tasks are being registered: public static void Run() { if (!_hasInited) { RunPreStartMethods(); // Register our module to handle any Post Start methods. But outside of ASP.NET, just run them now if (HostingEnvironment.IsHosted) { Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.DynamicModuleHelper.DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(StartMethodCallingModule)); } else { RunPostStartMethods(); } _hasInited = true; } } Excellent. Hey, that DynamicModuleUtility seems familiar... Sure enough, K. Scott Allen mentioned it on his blog last year. This is really slick - a PreApplicationStartMethod can register a new HttpModule in code. Modules are run right after application startup, so that's a perfect time to do any startup stuff that requires configuration to be read. As K. Scott says, it's this easy: using System; using System.Web; using Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.DynamicModuleHelper; [assembly:PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(MyAppStart), "Start")] public class CoolModule : IHttpModule { // implementation not important // imagine something cool here } public static class MyAppStart { public static void Start() { DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(CoolModule)); } } Challenge #5: Cooperating with SimpleMembership The ASP.NET MVC Internet template includes SimpleMembership. SimpleMembership is a big improvement over traditional ASP.NET Membership. For one thing, rather than forcing a database schema, it can work with your database schema. In the MVC 4 Internet template case, it uses Entity Framework Code First to define the user model. SimpleMembership bootstrap includes a call to InitializeDatabaseConnection, and I want to play nice with that. There's a new [InitializeSimpleMembership] attribute on the AccountController, which calls \Filters\InitializeSimpleMembershipAttribute.cs::OnActionExecuting(). That comment in that method that says "Ensure ASP.NET Simple Membership is initialized only once per app start" which sounds like good advice. I figured the best thing would be to call that directly: new Mvc4SampleApplication.Filters.InitializeSimpleMembershipAttribute().OnActionExecuting(null); I'm not 100% happy with this - in fact, it's my least favorite part of this solution. There are two problems - first, directly calling a method on a filter, while legal, seems odd. Worse, though, the Filter lives in the application's namespace, which means that this code no longer works well as a generic drop-in. The simplest workaround would be to duplicate the relevant SimpleMembership initialization code into my startup code, but I'd rather not. I'm interested in your suggestions here. Challenge #6: Module Init methods are called more than once When debugging, I noticed (and remembered) that the Init method may be called more than once per page request - it's run once per instance in the app pool, and an individual page request can cause multiple resource requests to the server. While SimpleMembership does have internal checks to prevent duplicate user or role entries, I'd rather not cause or handle those exceptions. So here's the standard single-use lock in the Module's init method: void IHttpModule.Init(HttpApplication context) { lock (lockObject) { if (!initialized) { //Do stuff } initialized = true; } } Putting it all together With all of that out of the way, here's the code I came up with: using Mvc4SampleApplication.Filters; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using WebMatrix.WebData; [assembly: PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(PreApplicationTasks), "Initializer")] public static class PreApplicationTasks { public static void Initializer() { Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.DynamicModuleHelper.DynamicModuleUtility .RegisterModule(typeof(UserInitializationModule)); } } public class UserInitializationModule : IHttpModule { private static bool initialized; private static object lockObject = new object(); private const string _username = "Owner"; private const string _password = "p@ssword123"; private const string _role = "Administrator"; void IHttpModule.Init(HttpApplication context) { lock (lockObject) { if (!initialized) { new InitializeSimpleMembershipAttribute().OnActionExecuting(null); if (!WebSecurity.UserExists(_username)) WebSecurity.CreateUserAndAccount(_username, _password); if (!Roles.RoleExists(_role)) Roles.CreateRole(_role); if (!Roles.IsUserInRole(_username, _role)) Roles.AddUserToRole(_username, _role); } initialized = true; } } void IHttpModule.Dispose() { } } The Verdict: Is this a good thing? Maybe. I think you'll agree that the journey was undoubtedly worthwhile, as it took us through some of the finer points of hooking into application startup, integrating with membership, and understanding why the WebActivator NuGet package is so useful Will I use this in the tutorial? I'm leaning towards no - I think a NuGet package with a dependency on WebActivator might work better: It's a little more clear what's going on Installing a NuGet package might be a little less error prone than copying a file A novice user could uninstall the package when complete It's a good introduction to NuGet, which is a good thing for beginners to see This code either requires either duplicating a little code from that filter or modifying the file to use the namespace Honestly I'm undecided at this point, but I'm glad that I can weigh the options. If you're interested: Why are you doing this? I'm updating the MVC Music Store tutorial to ASP.NET MVC 4, taking advantage of a lot of new ASP.NET MVC 4 features and trying to simplify areas that are giving people trouble. One change that addresses both needs us using the new OAuth support for membership as much as possible - it's a great new feature from an application perspective, and we get a fair amount of beginners struggling with setting up membership on a variety of database and development setups, which is a distraction from the focus of the tutorial - learning ASP.NET MVC. Side note: Thanks to some great help from Rick Anderson, we had a draft of the tutorial that was looking pretty good earlier this summer, but there were enough changes in ASP.NET MVC 4 all the way up to RTM that there's still some work to be done. It's high priority and should be out very soon. The one issue I ran into with OAuth is that we still need an Administrative user who can edit the store's inventory. I thought about a number of solutions for that - making the first user to register the admin, or the first user to use the username "Administrator" is assigned to the Administrator role - but they both ended up requiring extra code; also, I worried that people would use that code without understanding it or thinking about whether it was a good fit.

    Read the article

  • Is there any way to stop a window's title bar merging with the panel when maximised?

    - by Richard Turner
    I'm working on a desktop machine with plenty of screen real-estate, so I don't need my windows' title bars to merge with the global menu bar when the windows are maximised. Moreover, I'm working on a dual-screen set-up, so the fact that a window is maximised doesn't mean that it's the only window visible. Before Unity I'd switch to a maximised window by clicking on its title bar, or close the window, even though it isn't focused, by clicking on its close button; I can no longer do this because the title bar is missing and the global menu bar is empty on that screen. This isn't a huge problem - I can click on some of the window's chrome to focus it - but it's unintuitive and it's forcing me to relearn my mousing behaviour. I'd like to turn-off the merging of title and global menu bars, but how? EDIT: I simply want the title bar of the window NOT to merge with the top panel whenever I maximize a Window. The global menu should stay in the top panel as far as I am concerned. Current it maximizes like this I want it to maximize like this (In that screeny the unmaximized Window has been resized to take rest of the space)

    Read the article

  • Visual Studio 2010 Winform Application &ndash; Unable to resolve custom assemblies?

    - by Harish Ranganathan
    Recently I surfaced a problem where, one of my friend had a tough time in getting rid of an assembly reference error.  Despite adding reference to the assembly, while referencing it in code, it was spitting out the “The type or namespace name ‘ASSEMBLYNAME’ could not be found” error.   This was a migration project and owing to the above error, it was throwing another 100 errors. We tried adding reference to the assembly in other projects and it was not even resolving the namespace while typing out in the using section. Upon further digging into the error warnings, it indicated something to do with the .NET Framework targeted i.e. 4.0.  My suspicion grew since the target framework was 4.0 and the assembly should be able to be recognized.  Then, when we checked “Project – “<APPNAME> Properties…”, the issue was with the default target framework which is “.NET Framework 4 Client Profile” By default, Visual Studio 2010 creates Windows Forms App/WPF Apps with the Target Framework set to .NET Framework 4 Client Profile.  This is to minimize the framework size required to be bundled along with the app. Client Profile is new feature since .NET 3.5 SP1 that allows users to package a minified version of .NET Framework that doesn’t include stuff such as ASP.NET, Server programming assemblies and few other assemblies which are typically never used in the Desktop Applications. Since the .NET Framework client profile is a minified version, it doesn’t contain all the assemblies related to Web services and other deprecated assemblies.  However, this application is a migration app and needed some of the references from Services and hence couldn’t run. Once, we changed the Target Framework to .NET Framework 4 instead of the default client profile, the application compiled. Here is link to a very nice article that explains the features of .NET Framework 4 client Profile, the assemblies supported by default etc., http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jgoldb/archive/2010/04/12/what-s-new-in-net-framework-4-client-profile-rtm.aspx Cheers !!

    Read the article

  • Couldn't make Angry birds to work on wine

    - by Ashfame
    I could run Notepad++ easily but I fail to run the Angry bird exe. Whenever I open the exe, I see one of my screen flickrs a bit (as lines and not the whole screen) and nothing happens. Any ideas? Edit: Output of wine angrybirds.exe fixme:actctx:parse_depend_manifests Could not find dependent assembly L"Microsoft.VC80.CRT" (8.0.50727.4053) fixme:actctx:parse_depend_manifests Could not find dependent assembly L"Microsoft.VC90.CRT" (9.0.21022.8) err:module:import_dll Library MSVCP90.dll (which is needed by L"C:\\windows\\system32\\AppUpWrapper.dll") not found err:module:import_dll Library AppUpWrapper.dll (which is needed by L"C:\\windows\\system32\\angrybirds.exe") not found err:module:LdrInitializeThunk Main exe initialization for L"C:\\windows\\system32\\angrybirds.exe" failed, status c0000135 I think it didn't even install. I manually dropped those files in the folder but still no gain. Edit: Progress I dropped the file MSVCP90.dll manually and now this is what I get in the output fixme:actctx:parse_depend_manifests Could not find dependent assembly L"Microsoft.VC80.CRT" (8.0.50727.4053) fixme:actctx:parse_depend_manifests Could not find dependent assembly L"Microsoft.VC90.CRT" (9.0.21022.8) fixme:heap:HeapSetInformation 0x541000 0 0x32fd48 4 fixme:heap:HeapSetInformation (nil) 1 (nil) 0 EXCEPTION: Failed to open data/scripts/starLimits.lua wine: Unhandled exception 0x40000015 at address 0x7b880023:0x78b271d0 (thread 0009), starting debugger... fixme:msvcr90:__clean_type_info_names_internal (0x10267694) stub fixme:msvcr90:__clean_type_info_names_internal (0x78506644) stub ashfame@ashfame-desktop:~$ Process of pid=0008 has terminated No process loaded, cannot execute 'echo Modules:' Cannot get info on module while no process is loaded No process loaded, cannot execute 'echo Threads:' process tid prio (all id:s are in hex) 0000000e services.exe 00000014 0 00000010 0 0000000f 0 00000011 winedevice.exe 00000018 0 00000016 0 00000013 0 00000012 0 00000019 explorer.exe 0000001a 0 You must be attached to a process to run this command. No process loaded, cannot execute 'detach' and there the terminal hangs (I mean I would have to Ctrl + C to get out). It shows up the famous message, that it needs to close down. Edit: Just to let you know that I am still stuck at it. I don't use wine for anything else, so I am ready to do a clean install of wine and everything if anyone is willing to provide me instructions.

    Read the article

  • XNA Easy Storage XBOX 360 High Scores

    - by user1003211
    To followup from a previous query - I need some help with the implementation of easystorage high scores, which is bringing up some errors on the xbox. I get the prompt screen, a savedevice is selected and a file are all created! However the file remains empty, (I've tried prepopulating but still get errors). The full portions of the scoring code can be found here: http://pastebin.com/74v897Yt The current issue in particular is in LoadHighScores() - "There is an error in XML document (0, 0)." under line data = (HighScoreData)serializer.Deserialize(stream); I'm not sure whether this line is correct either: HighScoreData data = new HighScoreData(); public static HighScoreData LoadHighScores(string container, string filename) { HighScoreData data = new HighScoreData(); if (Global.SaveDevice.FileExists(container, filename)) { Global.SaveDevice.Load(container, filename, stream => { File.Open(Global.fileName_options, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Read); try { // Read the data from the file XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(HighScoreData)); data = (HighScoreData)serializer.Deserialize(stream); } finally { // Close the file stream.Close(); // stream.Dispose(); } }); } return (data); } I call: PromptMe(); when the Start button is pressed at the beginning. I call: if (Global.SaveDevice.IsReady){entries = LoadHighScores(HighScoresContainer, HighScoresFilename);} during the menu screen to try and display the highscore screen. I call: SaveHighScore(); when game ends. I've tried altering the struct code to a class but still no luck. Any help greatly appreciated.

    Read the article

  • How do I get my Lexmark x4650 printer working?

    - by Fallen Dohingy
    I think that my printer stopped working with the switch to gnome 3 or unity. Yes I have tried 32 and 64 bit os's. Here is the driver In order to actually install the driver, you need to extract it and then open up terminal and type sudo and then a space. Then drag the script into the terminal window. Here is what it said in the diver install window: Extracting file: printdriver.te Extracting file: lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb Extracting file: launcher.c Extracting file: launcherfallendohingy@Ubuntu-Inspiron-15R:~$ sudo '/home/fallendohingy/Downloads/lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb.sh' [sudo] password for fallendohingy: Verifying archive integrity... All good. Uncompressing nixstaller.............................................................. Collecting info for this system... Operating system: linux CPU Arch: x86_64 Warning: No installer for "x86_64" found, defaulting to x86... TRACKING IDENT = 170209 cpu speed = 2394 MHz ram size = 3762.69921875 MB hd avail = 74348 MB (gtk:17645): GdkPixbuf-WARNING **: Cannot open pixbuf loader module file '/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache': No such file or directory (gtk:17645): GdkPixbuf-WARNING **: Cannot open pixbuf loader module file '/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache': No such file or directory (gtk:17645): GdkPixbuf-WARNING **: Cannot open pixbuf loader module file '/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache': No such file or directory (gtk:17645): GdkPixbuf-WARNING **: Cannot open pixbuf loader module file '/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache': No such file or directory /usr/lib/gio/modules/libgvfsdbus.so: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64 Failed to load module: /usr/lib/gio/modules/libgvfsdbus.so Extracting file: lsbrowser Extracting file: lsusbdevice Using dpkg installation ============================= Execute: dpkg -i --force-architecture lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb > /tmp/selfgz17540/pkg/files/dpkg_msgs ============================= ============================= Execute: rm lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb ============================= ============================= Execute: /sbin/udevadm control --reload-rules ============================= Successfully installed the .deb Lexmark drivers.

    Read the article

  • How do I enable the globalmenu / appmenu on XFCE?

    - by Johann Philipp Strathausen
    I have tried various tricks I could find to install the global menu on xfce and lxde on the latest oneiric, but nothing worked. Does anyone have an idea on how to do that? Thanks. Here's what I've tried so far: the gnome global menu panel plugin (for lucid) via the xfapplet plugin (not in the official repos anymore) that can embedd gnome plugins into the xfce panel - unfortunately, the globalmenu doesn't show up in the xfapplet list of available gnome plugins (there's only one item in it) all instructions from an older question about globalmenu and its duplicate compiling manually the latest version from gnome2-globalmenu there is another question along with a solution for XFCE 4.8, but it's not working on Oneiric. It is also proposing to install the global menu applet from gnome using it via xfapplet. I've even found an XFCE-plugin for the global menu, but it keeps crashing when I add it to the panel - also I could not install all the packages due to some unmet dependencies I've added some code to ~/.config/xfce4/xinitrc as described in 10. of the FAQ of gnome2-globalmenu though I'm not sure what effect this should have.

    Read the article

  • Low-level GPU code and Shader Compilation

    - by ktodisco
    Bear with me, because I will raise several questions at once. I still feel, though, that overall this can be treated as one question that may be answered succinctly. I recently dove into solidifying my understanding of the assembly language, low-level memory operations, CPU structure, and program optimizations. This also sparked my interest in how higher-level shading languages, GLSL and HLSL in particular, are compiled and optimized, as well as what formats they are reduced to before machine code is generated (assuming they are not converted directly into machine code). After a bit of research into this, the best resource I've found is this presentation from ATI about the compilation of and optimizations for HLSL. I also found sample ARB assembly code. This sort of addressed my original curiosity, but it raised several other questions. The assembler code in the ATI presentation seems like it contains instructions specifically targeted for the GPU, but is this merely a hypothetical example created for the purpose of conceptual understanding, or is this code really generated during shader compilation? If so, is it possible to inspect it, or even write it in place of the higher-level syntax? My initial searches for an answer to the last question tell me that this may be disallowed, but I have not dug too deep yet. Also, along the same lines, are GLSL shader programs compiled into ARB assembly code before machine code is generated, and is it possible to write direct ARB assembly? Lastly, and perhaps what I am most interested in finding out: are there comprehensive resources on shader compilation and low-level GPU code? I have been unable to find any thus far. I ask simply because I am curious :)

    Read the article

  • Configuration Manager Setting Causing Error PRJ0019

    - by Jeff Paterno
    Recently I ran into an issue with a project failing to build on an automated build server using CruiseControl. When I looked into the build log I saw that the Post-Build project was failing with the error message: "error PRJ0019: A tool returned an error code from "Performing Post-Build Event..." This was most frustrating especially since the solution was building without issue on my local development environment. The Post-Build project was a C++ project that basically called several batch files to unregister/register assemblies, copy resources and supporting files, and place other dependencies in the GAC. I decided to run each of the batch files manually to see if that would provide more information as to why this project was failing. This lead me to determine that the batch file that was placing assemblies in the GAC was the culprit and that it was failing to find a particular assembly. The missing assembly was the output of another project. The project that was not producing the expected output was another C++ project that called a batch file. This batch process was actually embedding resource files into an assembly and then copying the assembly to the expected location. The real confusion started when I looked back into my Subversion log and noted that nothing had changed in this project in more than 2 months! It was almost as if the project had stopped building altogether. But what would cause that?! The Configuration Manager, obviously! Checking the solution's Configuration Manager settings, I found that the project that was not producing any output was in fact not selected to be part of the build process when the "Any CPU" platform was selected. This was the problem! I had recently updated the CruiseControl configurations to force the solution to be built targeting the platform "Any CPU". As a result, the project that was at the root of the problem was not configured to be built and the post-build process was failing when it couldn't find what it needed.

    Read the article

  • Applying WCAG 2.0 to Non-Web ICT: second draft published from WCAG2ICT Task Force - for public review

    - by Peter Korn
    Last Thursday the W3C published an updated Working Draft of Guidance on Applying WCAG 2.0 to Non-Web Information and Communications Technologies. As I noted last July when the first draft was published, the motivation for this guidance comes from the Section 508 refresh draft, and also the European Mandate 376 draft, both of which seek to apply the WCAG 2.0 level A and AA Success Criteria to non-web ICT documents and software. This second Working Draft represents a major step forward in harmonization with the December 5th, 2012 Mandate 376 draft documents, including specifically Draft EN 301549 "European accessibility requirements for public procurement of ICT products and services". This work greatly increases the likelihood of harmonization between the European and American technical standards for accessibility, for web sites and web applications, non-web documents, and non-web software. As I noted last October at the European Policy Centre event: "The Accessibility Act – Ensuring access to goods and services across the EU", and again last month at the follow-up EPC event: "Accessibility - From European challenge to global opportunity", "There isn't a 'German Macular Degernation', a 'French Cerebral Palsy', an 'American Autism Spectrum Disorder'. Disabilities are part of the human condition. They’re not unique to any one country or geography – just like ICT. Even the built environment – phones, trains and cars – is the same worldwide. The definition of ‘accessible’ should be global – and the solutions should be too. Harmonization should be global, and not just EU-wide. It doesn’t make sense for the EU to have a different definition to the US or Japan." With these latest drafts from the W3C and Mandate 376 team, we've moved a major step forward toward that goal of a global "definition of 'accessible' ICT." I strongly encourage all interested parties to read the Call for Review, and to submit comments during the current review period, which runs through 15 February 2013. Comments should be sent to public-wcag2ict-comments-AT-w3.org. I want to thank my colleagues on the WCAG2ICT Task Force for the incredible time and energy and expertise they brought to this work - including particularly my co-authors Judy Brewer, Loïc Martínez Normand, Mike Pluke, Andi Snow-Weaver, and Gregg Vanderheiden; and the document editors Michael Cooper, and Andi Snow-Weaver.

    Read the article

  • How to expose game data in the game without a singelton?

    - by zardon
    I'm quite new to cocos2d and games programming, and am currently I am writing a game that is currently in Prototype stage. Everything is going okay, but I've realized a potentially big problem and I am not sure how to solve it. I am using a singelton to store a bunch of arrays for everything, a global list of planets, a global list of troops, a global list of products, etc. And only now I'm realizing that all of this will be in memory and this is the wrong way to do it. I am not storing files or anything on the disk just yet, with exception to a save/load state, which is a capture of everything. My game makes use of a map which allows you to select a planet, then it will give you a breakdown of that planets troops and resources, Lets use this scenario: My game has 20 planets. On which you can have 20 troops. Straight away that's an array of 400! This does not add the NPC, which is another 10. So, 20x10 = 200 So, now we have 600 all in arrays inside a Singelton. This is obviously very bad, and very wrong. Especially as the game scales in the amount of data. But I need to expose pretty much everything, especially on the map page, and I am not sure how else to do it. I've been told that I can use a controller for the map page which has the information I need for each planet, and other controllers for other items I require global display for. I've also thought about storing each planet's data in a save file, using initWithCoder however there could be a boatload of files on the user's device? I really don't want to use a database, mainly because I would need to translate NSObjects and non-NSObjects like CGRects and CGPoints and Colors into/from SQL. I am open to other ideas on how to store and read game data to prevent using a singelton to store everything, everywhere. Thanks for your time.

    Read the article

  • Ubuntu 12, chromium/chrome facebook not loading

    - by Grant
    this problem started with chrome, tried chromium to fix it. both have this problem, and after installed firefox no longer works with facebook. I found a threas with two fixes that work and what I need to know is how to make these fixes permanent. one is a cache permissions workaround. launching chromium from terminal with a redirect to a new self created cache in the home folder works. how can i repair the permissions issue with the cache or make a permanent change to the cache chromium uses? two, the ifconfig wlan0 mtu set to 1492, this setting doesnt seem to be perpetual after a reboot. this set of issues is I believe specific to my particular install as there isnt a huge issue from anyone else out there, i'm on a toshiba satellite laptop with a 50/50 HDD partition split with windows. This is likely causing the issue or contributing in some way but I wont run linux full time on this machine until I get these kinks a more permanent fix. Thanks in advance for any advice/answers.

    Read the article

  • Tumblr custom domain not redirecting properly

    - by Manic
    I decided to host my blog at Tumblr, using their custom domain setup (http://blog.smokingfishgames.com/ instead of http://smokingfishgames.tumblr.com). However, it's been 72 hours and I'm still getting spotty redirection. It works some of the time--I go and see the page and blog, and it's all fine. However, it occasionally just stops working and redirects back to my web host, which is a directory with nothing but a single file called BUGGER.html (which I stuck in to make sure that it was my web host and not some Tumblr empty directory). Clearing the Chrome DNS cache makes the problem go away--for a while. After a few minutes, or an hour, or however long, I'll start seeing BUGGER.html again. I clear the cache, and poof, the blog shows up. The thing that's curious to me is that when I clear the cache and get BUGGER.html again (which happens occasionally), I can look at my Chrome DNS cache and see assets.tumblr.com UNSPECIFIED blog.smokingfishgames.com UNSPECIFIED www.tumblr.com UNSPECIFIED IP addresses and expiration times omitted for brevity's sake--if they're important I'm sure I can replicate the issue. This implies, to me anyway, that my browser is reaching Tumblr but getting bounced back to my web host. Any reason why this would be happening, or is this a normal symptom of DNS propagation? If it is a problem, should I be bothering Tumblr or my host with it, or is this something I can fix myself?

    Read the article

  • BizTalk Schema Validation

    - by Christopher House
    Perhaps this one should be filed under:  Obvious Yesterday I created a new schema that is going to be used for a WCF receive.  The schema has a bunch of restrictions in it, with the intention that we'd validate incoming messages against the schema.  I'd never done message validation with BizTalk but I knew the XmlDisassembler component had an option for validating, so I figured it would be a piece of cake.  Sadly, that was not to be the case.  I deployed my artifacts and configured my receive location's XmlDisassembler with what I thought to be the correct document spec name.  I entered My.Project.Name.SchemaTypeName for the document spec and started running unit tests.  All of them failed with the following error logged in the event log: "WcfReceivePort_BizTalkWcfService/PurchaseOrderService" URI: "/BizTalkWcfService/PurchaseOrderService.svc" Reason: No Disassemble stage components can recognize the data. I went to the receive port and turned on tracking, submitted another message, then went to the admin console and saved the message.  It looked correct, but just to be sure, I manually validated it against the schema in my project.  As expected, it validated correctly. After a bit of thinking on this, I realized that I probably needed to fully qualify my document spec name, meaning, include the assembly name, as well as the type name.  So, I went back to the receive location and changed the document spec to: My.Project.Name.SchemaTypeName, My.Project.Name,Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=xxxxxxxxx I re-ran my unit tests and everything was working as expected.  So, note to self:  remember to include the assembly name when setting the document spec.  If you need an easy way to determine your schema name and assembly name, find your schema in the admin console and go to it's properties.  On the property screen, look at the Name and Assembly properties.  Your document spec will be "SchemaName, AssemblyName"

    Read the article

  • Understanding Application binary interface (ABI)

    - by Tim
    I am trying to understand the concept of Application binary interface (ABI). From The Linux Kernel Primer: An ABI is a set of conventions that allows a linker to combine separately compiled modules into one unit without recompilation, such as calling conventions, machine interface, and operating-system interface. Among other things, an ABI defines the binary interface between these units. ... The benefits of conforming to an ABI are that it allows linking object files compiled by different compilers. From Wikipedia: an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application. ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files, program libraries and so on. I was wondering whether ABI depends on both the instruction set and the OS. Are the two all that ABI depends on? What kinds of role does ABI play in different stages of compilation: preprocessing, conversion of code from C to Assembly, conversion of code from Assembly to Machine code, and linking? From the first quote above, it seems to me that ABI is needed for only linking stage, not the other stages. Is it correct? When is ABI needed to be considered? Is ABI needed to be considered during programming in C, Assembly or other languages? If yes, how are ABI and API different? Or is it only for linker or compiler? Is ABI specified for/in machine code, Assembly language, and/or of C?

    Read the article

< Previous Page | 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160  | Next Page >