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• How to structure Python package that contains Cython code

  - by Craig McQueen

  I'd like to make a Python package containing some Cython code. I've got the the Cython code working nicely. However, now I want to know how best to package it. For most people who just want to install the package, I'd like to include the .c file that Cython creates, and arrange for setup.py to compile that to produce the module. Then the user doesn't need Cython installed in order to install the package. But for people who may want to modify the package, I'd also like to provide the Cython .pyx files, and somehow also allow for setup.py to build them using Cython (so those users would need Cython installed). How should I structure the files in the package to cater for both these scenarios? The Cython documentation gives a little guidance. But it doesn't say how to make a single setup.py that handles both the with/without Cython cases.

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• Web scraping with Python

  - by Jack

  I'm currently trying to scrape a website that has fairly poorly-formatted HTML (often missing closing tags, no use of classes or ids so it's incredibly difficult to go straight to the element you want, etc.). I've been using BeautifulSoup with some success so far but every once and a while (though quite rarely), I run into a page where BeautifulSoup creates the HTML tree a bit differently from (for example) Firefox or Webkit. While this is understandable as the formatting of the HTML leaves this ambiguous, if I were able to get the same parse tree as Firefox or Webkit produces I would be able to parse things much more easily. The problems are usually something like the site opens a <b> tag twice and when BeautifulSoup sees the second <b> tag, it immediately closes the first while Firefox and Webkit nest the <b> tags. Is there a web scraping library for Python (or even any other language (I'm getting desperate)) that can reproduce the parse tree generated by Firefox or WebKit (or at least get closer than BeautifulSoup in cases of ambiguity).

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• vlc python bindings - how to receive keyboard input?

  - by itsadok

  I'm trying to use VLC's python bindings to create my own little video player. The demo implementation is quite simple and nice, but it requires all the keyboard commands to be typed into the console from which the script was run. Is there any way I can handle keyboard input also when the video player itself has focus? Specifically, I care about controlling the video while in fullscreen mode. Perhaps there's a way to keep the keyboard focus in the console (or maybe another window) while showing the video? I'm using Windows XP, if that has any relevance.

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• python, accessing a psycopg2 form a def?

  - by i-Malignus

  i'm trying to make a group of defs in one file so then i just can import them whenever i want to make a script in python i have tried this: def get_dblink( dbstring): """ Return a database cnx. """ global psycopg2 try cnx = psycopg2.connect( dbstring) except Exception, e: print "Unable to connect to DB. Error [%s]" % ( e,) exit( ) but i get this error: global name 'psycopg2' is not defined in my main file script.py i have: import psycopg2, psycopg2.extras from misc_defs import * hostname = '192.168.10.36' database = 'test' username = 'test' password = 'test' dbstring = "host='%s' dbname='%s' user='%s' password='%s'" % ( hostname, database, username, password) cnx = get_dblink( dbstring) can anyone give me a hand?

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• Run Python CGI Script on Windows XP

  - by daveywc

  I have a Windows XP machine that has Apache installed via a VisualSVNServer installation. I am . trying to get a simple python cgi script to run in my browser e.g. http://build.procepts.com.au:8080/hg/cgi-bin/test.cgi. However despite trying all the recommended approaches the browser only ever displays the plain text from the cgi script. Amongst many other attempted solutions I have followed the instructions contained here. My ultimate aim is to be able to use the Apache web server to serve repositories from a new Mercurial installation. Seeing as Apache is already installed from VisualSVNServer I thought I might as well make use of it. Is there some other trick to get this working?

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• Fastest way to list all primes below N in python

  - by jbochi

  This is the best algorithm I could come up with after struggling with a couple of Project Euler's questions. def get_primes(n): numbers = set(range(n, 1, -1)) primes = [] while numbers: p = numbers.pop() primes.append(p) numbers.difference_update(set(range(p*2, n+1, p))) return primes >>> timeit.Timer(stmt='get_primes.get_primes(1000000)', setup='import get_primes').timeit(1) 1.1499958793645562 Can it be made even faster? EDIT: This code has a flaw: Since numbers is an unordered set, there is no guarantee that numbers.pop() will remove the lowest number from the set. Nevertheless, it works (at least for me) for some input numbers: >>> sum(get_primes(2000000)) 142913828922L #That's the correct sum of all numbers below 2 million >>> 529 in get_primes(1000) False >>> 529 in get_primes(530) True EDIT: The rank so far (pure python, no external sources, all primes below 1 million): Sundaram's Sieve implementation by myself: 327ms Daniel's Sieve: 435ms Alex's recipe from Cookbok: 710ms EDIT: ~unutbu is leading the race.

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• C# Application crashes with Buffer Overrun in deployed (.exe) version, but not in Visual Studio

  - by Ben

  Hi, I have a c# Windows Forms application that runs perfectly from within Visual Studio, but crashes when its deployed and run from the .exe. It crashes with a Buffer Overrun error...and its pretty clear that this error is not being thrown from within my code. Instead, windows must be detecting some sort of buffer overrun and shutting down the application from the outside. I don't think there's one specific line of code that is causing it..it simply happens intermittently. Does anybody have any thoughts on what the possible causes of a Buffer Overrun error might be, and why it would only occur in the deployed application and not when run from with Visual Studio? Thanks in advance, Ben

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• Calculating spam probability in python

  - by Hobhouse

  I am building a website in python/django and want to predict wether a user submission is valid or wether it is spam. Users have an accept rate on their submissions, like this website has. Users can moderate other users' submissions; and these moderations are later metamoderated by an admin. Given this: user A with an submission accept rate of 60% submits something. user B moderates A's post as a valid submission. However, his moderations are often wrong, and his moderations' accept rate is a mere 30%. user C moderates A's post as spam. User C is usually right. His moderations' accept rate is 80%. How can I predict the chance of A's post being spam?

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• Python's equivalence?

  - by user304014

  Is there anyway to transform the following code in Java to Python's equivalence? public class Animal{ public enum AnimalBreed{ Dog, Cat, Cow, Chicken, Elephant } private static final int Animals = AnimalBreed.Dog.ordinal(); private static final String[] myAnimal = new String[Animals]; private static Animal[] animal = new Animal[Animals]; public static final Animal DogAnimal = new Animal(AnimalBreed.Dog, "woff"); public static final Animal CatAnimal = new Animal(AnimalBreed.Cat, "meow"); private AnimalBreed breed; public static Animal myDog (String name) { return new Animal(AnimalBreed.Dog, name); } }

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• OpenCV in Python can't scan through pixels

  - by Marco L.

  Hi everyone, I'm stuck with a problem of the python wrapper for OpenCv. I have this function that returns 1 if the number of black pixels is greater than treshold def checkBlackPixels( img, threshold ): width = img.width height = img.height nchannels = img.nChannels step = img.widthStep dimtot = width * height data = img.imageData black = 0 for i in range( 0, height ): for j in range( 0, width ): r = data[i*step + j*nchannels + 0] g = data[i*step + j*nchannels + 1] b = data[i*step + j*nchannels + 2] if r == 0 and g == 0 and b == 0: black = black + 1 if black >= threshold * dimtot: return 1 else: return 0 The loop (scan each pixel of a given image) works good when the input is an RGB image...but if the input is a single channel image I get this error: for j in range( width ): TypeError: Nested sequences should have 2 or 3 dimensions The input single channel image (called 'rg' in the next example) is taken from an RGB image called 'src' processed with cvSplit and then cvAbsDiff cvSplit( src, r, g, b, 'NULL' ) rg = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), src.depth, 1 ) # R - G cvAbsDiff( r, g, rg ) I've also already noticed that the problem comes from the difference image got from cvSplit... Anyone can help me? Thank you

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• computing z-scores for 2D matrices in scipy/numpy in Python

  - by user248237

  How can I compute the z-score for matrices in Python? Suppose I have the array: a = array([[ 1, 2, 3], [ 30, 35, 36], [2000, 6000, 8000]]) and I want to compute the z-score for each row. The solution I came up with is: array([zs(item) for item in a]) where zs is in scipy.stats.stats. Is there a better built-in vectorized way to do this? Also, is it always good to z-score numbers before using hierarchical clustering with euclidean or seuclidean distance? Can anyone discuss the relative advantages/disadvantages? thanks.

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• Convert string to JSON using Python

  - by Luiz Fernando

  Hi, I'm a little bit confused with JSON in Python. To me, it seems like a dictionary, and for that reason I'm trying to do that: json = """{ "glossary": { "title": "example glossary", "GlossDiv": { "title": "S", "GlossList": { "GlossEntry": { "ID": "SGML", "SortAs": "SGML", "GlossTerm": "Standard Generalized Markup Language", "Acronym": "SGML", "Abbrev": "ISO 8879:1986", "GlossDef": { "para": "A meta-markup language, used to create markup languages such as DocBook.", "GlossSeeAlso": ["GML", "XML"] }, "GlossSee": "markup" } } } } } """ But when I do print dict(json), it gives an error. How can I transform this string into a structure and then call json["title"] to obtain "example glossary"? Thanks.

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• Remove Setup Project does not delete it from file system using Visual Studio

  - by Vidar

  Using Visual Studio 2008 - I add a Setup project (from Setup and Deployment Template) and its called by default Setup1. I then decide I don't want this so I right click on the project and select Remove. Later on I decide I want to add a Setup project again but it's default name is called Setup2 and when you look at the project folder you can see the old Setup1 files are still there! Why has Visual Studio not deleted these from the file system when I selected Remove - and is there a way to make it delete them from the file system as default behaviour?

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• To find first N prime numbers in python

  - by Rahul Tripathi

  Hi All, I am new to the programming world. I was just writing this code in python to generate N prime numbers. User should input the value for N which is the total number of prime numbers to print out. I have written this code but it doesn't throw the desired output. Instead it prints the prime numbers till the Nth number. For eg.: User enters the value of N = 7. Desired output: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 19 Actual output: 2, 3, 5, 7 Kindly advise. i=1 x = int(input("Enter the number:")) for k in range (1, (x+1), 1): c=0 for j in range (1, (i+1), 1): a = i%j if (a==0): c = c+1 if (c==2): print (i) else: k = k-1 i=i+1

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• How to add a another value to a key in python

  - by Nanowatt

  First I'm sorry this might be a dumb question but I'm trying to self learn python and I can't find the answer to my question. I want to make a phonebook and I need to add an email to an already existing name. That name has already a phone number attached. I have this first code: phonebook = {} phonebook ['ana'] = '12345' phonebook ['maria']= '23456' , '[email protected]' def add_contact(): name = raw_input ("Please enter a name:") number = raw_input ("Please enter a number:") phonebook[name] = number Then I wanted to add an email to the name "ana" for example: ana: 12345, [email protected]. I created this code but instead of addend a new value (the email), it just changes the old one, removing the number: def add_email(): name = raw_input("Please enter a name:") email = raw_input("Please enter an email:") phonebook[name] = email I tried .append() too but it didn't work. Can you help me? And I'm sorry if the code is bad, I'm just trying to learn and I'm a bit noob yet :)

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• Scraping *.aspx content using Python

  - by tomato

  I'm having difficulties scraping dynamically generated table in ASPX. Trying to scrape the gas prices from a site like this GasPrices. I can extract all the information in the gas price table (address, time submitted etc.), except for the actual gas price. Is there a way I could scrape the gas prices? i.e. somehow get a text representation of it. I'm not very familiar with ASP/ASPX - but what's being generated now is not showing up in the final HTML. I'm using Python to do the scraping, but that's irrelevant unless there's a specific library... Thanks in advance.

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• Scraping *.aspx content using Python

  - by tomato

  I'm having difficulties scrapping dynamically generated table in ASPX. Trying to scrap the gas prices from a site like these GasPrices. I can extract all the information in the gas price table (address, time submitted etc.), except for the actual gas price. Is there a way I could scrap the gas prices? i.e. somehow get a text representation of it. I'm not very familiar with ASP/ASPX - but what's being generated now is not showing up in the final HTML. I'm using Python to do the scrapping, but that's irrelevant unless there's a specific library...

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• Error in unzipping a file from a python script running as daemon

  - by Fedrick

  I am getting an error whenever i try to run following unzip command from a python script which is running as a daemon Command : unzip abcd.zip /dev/null Error End-of-central-directory signature not found$ a zip file, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive. In the latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on the last disk(s) of this archive unzip: cannot find zipfile directory in one of abcd.zip$ abcd.zip.zip, and cannot find abcd.zip.ZIP, period. Could anyone help me in this regard? Thanks in advance.

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• Python file-io code listing current folder path instead of the specified

  - by Tom Brito

  I have the code: import os import sys fileList = os.listdir(sys.argv[1]) for file in fileList: if os.path.isfile(file): print "File >> " + os.path.abspath(file) else: print "Dir >> " + os.path.abspath(file) Located in my music folder ("/home/tom/Music") When I call it with: python test.py "/tmp" I expected it to list my "/tmp" files and folders with the full path. But it printed lines like: Dir >> /home/tom/Music/seahorse-gw2jNn Dir >> /home/tom/Music/FlashXX9kV847 Dir >> /home/tom/Music/pulse-DcIEoxW5h2gz This is, the correct file names, but the wrong path (and this files are not either in my Music folder).. What's wrong with this code?

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• Python list comprehension to return edge values of a list

  - by mvid

  If I have a list in python such as: stuff = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] with length n (in this case 9) and I am interested in creating lists of length n/2 (in this case 4). I want all possible sets of n/2 values in the original list, for example: [1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], ..., [9, 1, 2, 3] is there some list comprehension code I could use to iterate through the list and retrieve all of those sublists? I don't care about the order of the values within the lists, I am just trying to find a clever method of generating the lists.

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• Python: Filter a dictionary

  - by Adam Matan

  Hi, I have a dictionary of points, say: >>> points={'a':(3,4), 'b':(1,2), 'c':(5,5), 'd':(3,3)} I want to create a new dictionary with all the points whose x and y value is smaller than 5, i.e. points 'a', 'b' and 'd'. According to the the book, each dictionary has the items() function, which returns a list of (key, pair) tuple: >>> points.items() [('a', (3, 4)), ('c', (5, 5)), ('b', (1, 2)), ('d', (3, 3))] So I have written this: >>> for item in [i for i in points.items() if i[1][0]<5 and i[1][1]<5]: ... points_small[item[0]]=item[1] ... >>> points_small {'a': (3, 4), 'b': (1, 2), 'd': (3, 3)} Is there a more elegant way? I was expecting Python to have some super-awesome dictionary.filter(f) function... Adam

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• Python In-memory table

  - by nsharish

  What is the right way to forming in-memory table in python with direct lookups for rows and columns.I thought of using dict of dicts this way, class Table(dict): def __getitem__(self, key): if key not in self: self[key]={} return dict.__getitem__(self, key) table = Table() table['row1']['column1'] = 'value11' table['row1']['column2'] = 'value12' table['row2']['column1'] = 'value21' table['row2']['column2'] = 'value22' >>>table {'row1':{'column1':'value11','column2':'value12'},'row2':{'column1':'value21','column2':'value22'}} I had difficulty in looking up for values in columns. >>>'row1' in table True >>>'value11' in table['row1'].values() True Now how do I do lookup if 'column1' has 'value11' Is this method of forming tables wrong?Is there a better way to implement such tables with easier lookups?.Thanks

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• Python string manipulation

  - by paradox

  I'm trying to split a string into a int list for further processing. But somehow I can't remove certain whitespaces in between elements of the list. The string x is supposed to have a length of 1000 instead of 1019. I tried reading the documentation for python and saw the function strip() for stripping whitespaces from strings. However, it only works for trailing and leading whitespaces. How should I go about removing these whitespaces and also how do I convert a str list to a int list? My code is as follows : import array x = """73167176531330624919225119674426574742355349194934 96983520312774506326239578318016984801869478851843 85861560789112949495459501737958331952853208805511 12540698747158523863050715693290963295227443043557 66896648950445244523161731856403098711121722383113 62229893423380308135336276614282806444486645238749 30358907296290491560440772390713810515859307960866 70172427121883998797908792274921901699720888093776 65727333001053367881220235421809751254540594752243 52584907711670556013604839586446706324415722155397 53697817977846174064955149290862569321978468622482 83972241375657056057490261407972968652414535100474 82166370484403199890008895243450658541227588666881 16427171479924442928230863465674813919123162824586 17866458359124566529476545682848912883142607690042 24219022671055626321111109370544217506941658960408 07198403850962455444362981230987879927244284909188 84580156166097919133875499200524063689912560717606 05886116467109405077541002256983155200055935729725 71636269561882670428252483600823257530420752963450""" y=[] for i in range(0,len(x)): #String is now in a string list if x[i]!='': y.append(x[i]) print(y[i]) print(len(x))

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• Change Visual Studio Default Browser in an ASP.NET MVC project

  - by Kirschstein

  FireFox is set to my Windows default browser. I want to change the default browser used by Visual Studio for debugging. Normally the route I'd take to do this is right clicking on an .aspx file and setting the default from the Browse With... dialog. Unfortunately, ASP.NET MVC Views don't have the Browse With... option. What other ways can you set the default browser for ASP.NET MVC projects? Related, but NOT ASP.NET MVC Specific: Visual Studio opens default browser instead of IE

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• Python - Test directory permissions

  - by Sean

  In Python on Windows, is there a way to determine if a user has permission to access a directory? I've taken a look at os.access but it gives false results. >>> os.access('C:\haveaccess', os.R_OK) False >>> os.access(r'C:\haveaccess', os.R_OK) True >>> os.access('C:\donthaveaccess', os.R_OK) False >>> os.access(r'C:\donthaveaccess', os.R_OK) True Am I doing something wrong? Is there a better way to check if a user has permission to access a directory?

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