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  • Input In Java- How does it work?

    - by Nir Avnon
    Hey guys, with a lot of help from you i was managed to write this nice code (I'm new in it, so kind of exciting.. :) ) And still I have not understand how can I input this code. first of all, I get an this error in the console line (I'm using Eclipse): Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 0 at NumberConverter.main(NumberConverter.java:5). What does that mean? I just want to chack whether it works, and I can't call the function/program any how. I used to call in an "old fashion way", like in scheme, to the function that I wrote and see if something happens. How does it work in java? Do we call the program itself? function? what and where do we write? -I want to chack if it works, doesn't matter how, and I'll be glad to know how can I plugin input. Thank you so much! public class NumberConverter{ public static void main(String[] args) { int i = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); toBinary(i); toOctal(i); toHex(i); } public static void toBinary(int int1){ System.out.println(int1 + " in binary is"); System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(int1)); } public static void toOctal(int int1){ System.out.println(int1 + " in octal is"); System.out.println(Integer.toOctalString(int1)); } public static void toHex(int int1){ System.out.println(int1 + " in hex is"); System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(int1)); } }

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  • java threads don't see shared boolean changes

    - by andymur
    Here the code class Aux implements Runnable { private Boolean isOn = false; private String statusMessage; private final Object lock; public Aux(String message, Object lock) { this.lock = lock; this.statusMessage = message; } @Override public void run() { for (;;) { synchronized (lock) { if (isOn && "left".equals(this.statusMessage)) { isOn = false; System.out.println(statusMessage); } else if (!isOn && "right".equals(this.statusMessage)) { isOn = true; System.out.println(statusMessage); } if ("left".equals(this.statusMessage)) { System.out.println("left " + isOn); } } } } } public class Question { public static void main(String [] args) { Object lock = new Object(); new Thread(new Aux("left", lock)).start(); new Thread(new Aux("right", lock)).start(); } } In this code I expect to see: left, right, left right and so on, but when Thread with "left" message changes isOn to false, Thread with "right" message don't see it and I get ("right true" and "left false" console messages), left thread don't get isOn in true, but right Thread can't change it cause it always see old isOn value (true). When i add volatile modifier to isOn nothing changes, but if I change isOn to some class with boolean field and change this field then threads are see changes and it works fine Thanks in advance.

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  • Which Java debugger do *you* use.

    - by mikevdg
    I spend a lot of time debugging applications in Eclipse using JPDA. There are a few issues with the Eclipse debugger which really annoy me. Can anybody recommend plug-ins, better debuggers or perhaps tricks that I don't know of yet? In the "Variables" tab, you can type in and execute bits of Java code. However, you first need to click on something (I usually click on "this") to give it some context. Then, after you've typed in a lengthy Java expression to debug something and "execute" it, your expression gets replaced with the result, so you need to type it in all over again. Is there some better way, such as a console or something that I'm missing? When you're poking through data structures, the presentation in the debugger leaves much to be desired. You see the internal representation of Lists, Maps, StringBuilders etc. What I want to see is what these objects conceptually contain. Is there a way of doing this, perhaps using some other debugger, or an extension or something? When an Exception is thrown, is there some way of inspecting the state of the application where the Exception was thrown? Currently I need to set breakpoints just before the Exception occurs and then try to reproduce it. When I'm stepping over a line with many statements on it, I can't actually see which of those statements is being executed, except by "stepping in" to each one to see where it takes me. If no source code is found, Eclipse just stares blankly at you. You get a helpful screen saying "Class File Editor / Source code not found" which is completely useless. I'd much prefer to be able to step through the bytecodes so I can at least see what is going on. Does anybody know of a Java debugger that does this better than Eclipse?

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  • Strange behavior when overloading methods in Java

    - by Sep
    I came across this weird (in my opinion) behavior today. Take this simple Test class: public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Test t = new Test(); t.run(); } private void run() { List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>(); list.add(new Object()); list.add(new Object()); method(list); } public void method(Object o) { System.out.println("Object"); } public void method(List<Object> o) { System.out.println("List of Objects"); } } It behaves the way you expect, printing "List of Objects". But if you change the following three lines: List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); list.add(""); list.add(""); you will get "Object" instead. I tried this a few other ways and got the same result. Is this a bug or is it a normal behavior? And if it is normal, can someone explain why? Thanks.

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  • new JDK 7 features

    - by xdevel2000
    I wish to test the new features that will came with the next JDK like project coin, project lambda etc. but the last JDK 7 to download will not have any already implemented! From which build can I test them? I think it's incredible that, now in may 2010 at few months to the official final release (november 2010????) for we developers there is no possibility to test any of this features!!

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  • How to implement a Linked List in Java?

    - by nbarraille
    Hello! I am trying to implement a simple HashTable in Java that uses a Linked List for collision resolution, which is pretty easy to do in C, but I don't know how to do it in Java, as you can't use pointers... First, I know that those structures are already implemented in Java, I'm not planning on using it, just training here... So I created an element, which is a string and a pointer to the next Element: public class Element{ private String s; private Element next; public Element(String s){ this.s = s; this.next = null; } public void setNext(Element e){ this.next = e; } public String getString(){ return this.s; } public Element getNext(){ return this.next; } @Override public String toString() { return "[" + s + "] => "; } } Of course, my HashTable has an array of Element to stock the data: public class CustomHashTable { private Element[] data; Here is my problem: For example I want to implement a method that adds an element AT THE END of the linked List (I know it would have been simpler and more efficient to insert the element at the beginning of the list, but again, this is only for training purposes). How do I do that without pointer? Here is my code (which could work if e was a pointer...): public void add(String s){ int index = hash(s) % data.length; System.out.println("Adding at index: " + index); Element e = this.data[index]; while(e != null){ e = e.getNext(); } e = new Element(s); } Thanks!

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  • Java: unwanted characters at the beginning of a text file

    - by Patrick
    hi, when I write a new text file in Java, I get these characters at the beginning of the file: ¨Ìt This is the code: public static void writeMAP(String filename, Object object) throws IOException { ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename)); oos.writeObject(object); oos.close(); } thanks

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  • Java keep printing a new line in my recursive method

    - by Abra Grace Libretto White
    I am trying to write a recursive method to print n number of asteriks in a line and create a new line at the end. So, TriangleOps.line(5); would print ***** This is the code I wrote: public static void line (int n){ if(n>0){ System.out.println("*"); line(n-1); }} instead it prints * * * * * with a lot of space at the end. Can anyone tell me how to remove the line breaks?

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  • Help with java threads or executors: Executing several MySQL selects, inserts and updates simmultane

    - by Martin
    Hi. I'm writing an application to analyse a MySQL database, and I need to execute several DMLs simmultaneously; for example: // In ResultSet rsA: Select * from A; rsA.beforeFirst(); while (rsA.next()) { id = rsA.getInt("id"); // Retrieve data from table B: Select * from B where B.Id=" + id; // Crunch some numbers using the data from B // Close resultset B } I'm declaring an array of data objects, each with its own Connection to the database, which in turn calls several methods for the data analysis. The problem is all threads use the same connection, thus all tasks throw exceptios: "Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction" I believe there is a way to write the code in such a way that any given object has its own connection and executes the required tasks independent from any other object. For example: DataObject dataObject[0] = new DataObject(id[0]); DataObject dataObject[1] = new DataObject(id[1]); DataObject dataObject[2] = new DataObject(id[2]); ... DataObject dataObject[N] = new DataObject(id[N]); // The 'DataObject' class has its own connection to the database, // so each instance of the object should use its own connection. // It also has a "run" method, which contains all the tasks required. Executor ex = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); for(i=0;i<=N;i++) { ex.execute(dataObject[i]); } // Here where the problem is: Each instance creates a new connection, // but every DML from any of the objects is cluttered in just one connection // (in MySQL command line, "SHOW PROCESSLIST;" throws every connection, and all but // one are idle). Can you point me in the right direction? Thanks

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  • java.awt -- when java outputs an image to my monitor (screen), where is the file that is output to the monitor card?

    - by user1405870
    Suppose that I am drawing a set of images using java graphics objects. Suppose that I java is outputting these images to my monitor. Where is the file or files that are sent to the monitor card (the graphical representation files). How can I take this file and save it to disk, or how can I take this file and write it to an array, or how can I take these files and combine the results of their output (to the monitor) into a single file for saving? I don't want to use a screen shot feature, I want to be able to redirect (xor capture also) the output to the monitor to some sort of byte-stream. I note that monitors are much better than semaphores, when you are talking about display capabilities; I don't need a counter example. I might not be asking the correct question. It might be that I want to capture the file while it is still in User Space, before it is put into 'Device Space'. I would like to try and capture the byte stream so that I can convert it to MPEG-4 format. I either need a streaming output from the MPEG-4 converter, coming from the streaming input, or else, I need to take static images at discrete times and convert the images. What format will the output from User Space be in? What format will the Device Space output be in? Try to keep speculation to a minimum. http://docs.oracle.com/javame/config/cdc/opt-pkgs/api/jsr927/index.html I guess that Java has made a means of displaying AWT objects on a television screen. Thank you. Ryan Zoerner

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  • how to use ByteArrayOutputStream and DataOutputStream simultaneously (Java)

    - by Manuel
    Hi! I'm having quite a problem here, and I think it is because I don't understand very much how I should use the API provided by Java. I need to write an int and a byte[] into a byte[] I thought of using a DataOutputStream to solve the data writing with writeInt(int i) and write(byte[] b), and to be able to put that into a byte array, I should use ByteArrayOutputStream's method toByteArray(). I understand that this classes use the Wrapper pattern, so I had two options: DataOutputStream w = new DataOutputStream(new ByteArrayOutputStream()); or ByteArrayOutputStream w = new ByteArrayOutputStream(new DataOutputStream()); but in both cases, I "loose" a method. in the first case, I can't access the toByteArray method, and in the second, I can't access the writeInt method. How should I use this classes together?

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  • Get the package of a Java source file

    - by Oak
    My goal is to find the package (as string) of a Java source file, given as plaintext and not already sorted in folders. I can't just locate the first instance of the keyword package in the file, because it may appear inside a comment. So I was thinking about two alternatives: Scan the file word-by-word, maintaining a "inside-a-comment" flag for the scanner. The first time the package keyword is encountered while not inside a comment, stop the scanning and report the result. Use a regex - should be theoretically possible because block comments do not next in Java, but I tried making such a regex and it turned out to be quite complicated - for me, at least. Another difference between the two approaches is that when scanning manually I can stop the scan when I can be certain the package keyword can no longer appear, saving some time... and I'm not sure I can do something similar with regexes. On the other hand, the decision "when it can no longer appear" is not necessarily simple, though I could use some heuristic for that. I would like to hear any input on this problem, and would welcome any help with the regex. My solution is written in Java as well.

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  • Generic arrays of parametrized ArrayLists in java?

    - by athena123
    I am new to Java, so I am not aware of the nitty gritties. Why can't I create generic array of parametrized ArrayList? Instead I have to write, ArrayList<String>[] alist = new ArrayList[10]; or I have to create List of ArrayLists. Aren't arrays supposed to be more efficient than ArrayLists? Then why doesn't Java allow it? Also, what is the difference between following two lines. ArrayList<String>[] alist = new ArrayList[10]; ArrayList<String>[] alist = new ArrayList<?>[10];

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  • Java variables across methods

    - by NardCake
    I'm making a basic text editor, and I have 2 methods the first one is triggered when a user click 'Open' and it prompts the user to pick a file and it opens the file fine. I just want to access the same file path which is in a variable in the method that is triggered when the user clicks save. My methods are public, Iv'e tried accessing it through a class, still no. Please help! Code: public void open(){ try{ //Open file JFileChooser fc = new JFileChooser(); fc.showOpenDialog(null); File file = fc.getSelectedFile(); String haha = file.getPath(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file.getPath())); String line; while((line = br.readLine()) != null){ text.append(line + "\n"); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch (IOException e){ } } public void save(){ try { BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file.filePath)); bw.write(text.getText()); bw.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }

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  • Accessing variables in other classes (Java)

    - by George
    Why doesn't the following program return 0, since I am accessing p from a new A(), which has not had main called on it? public class A { public int p = 0; public static void main(String[] args) { p = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); new B().go(); } } class B { public void go() { System.out.println(new A().p); } }

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  • Call subclass constructor from abstract class in Java

    - by Joel
    public abstract class Parent { private Parent peer; public Parent() { peer = new ??????("to call overloaded constructor"); } public Parent(String someString) { } } public class Child1 extends parent { } public class Child2 extends parent { } When I construct an instance of Child1, I want a "peer" to automatically be constructed which is also of type Child1, and be stored in the peer property. Likewise for Child2, with a peer of type Child2. The problem is, on the assignment of the peer property in the parent class. I can't construct a new Child class by calling new Child1() because then it wouldn't work for Child2. How can I do this? Is there a keyword that I can use that would refer to the child class? Something like new self()?

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  • Threads are facing deadlock in socket program [migrated]

    - by ankur.trapasiya
    I am developing one program in which a user can download a number of files. Now first I am sending the list of files to the user. So from the list user selects one file at a time and provides path where to store that file. In turn it also gives the server the path of file where does it exist. I am following this approach because I want to give stream like experience without file size limitation. Here is my code.. 1) This is server which gets started each time I start my application public class FileServer extends Thread { private ServerSocket socket = null; public FileServer() { try { socket = new ServerSocket(Utils.tcp_port); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println("request received"); new FileThread(socket.accept()).start(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } 2) This thread runs for each client separately and sends the requested file to the user 8kb data at a time. public class FileThread extends Thread { private Socket socket; private String filePath; public String getFilePath() { return filePath; } public void setFilePath(String filePath) { this.filePath = filePath; } public FileThread(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; System.out.println("server thread" + this.socket.isConnected()); //this.filePath = filePath; } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); try { //************NOTE filePath=(String) ois.readObject(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } File f = new File(this.filePath); byte[] buf = new byte[8192]; InputStream is = new FileInputStream(f); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( socket.getOutputStream()); int c = 0; while ((c = bis.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) { oos.write(buf, 0, c); oos.flush(); // buf=new byte[8192]; } oos.close(); //socket.shutdownOutput(); // client.shutdownOutput(); System.out.println("stop"); // client.shutdownOutput(); ois.close(); // Thread.sleep(500); is.close(); bis.close(); socket.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } NOTE: here filePath represents the path of the file where it exists on the server. The client who is connecting to the server provides this path. I am managing this through sockets and I am successfully receiving this path. 3) FileReceiverThread is responsible for receiving the data from the server and constructing file from this buffer data. public class FileReceiveThread extends Thread { private String fileStorePath; private String sourceFile; private Socket socket = null; public FileReceiveThread(String ip, int port, String fileStorePath, String sourceFile) { this.fileStorePath = fileStorePath; this.sourceFile = sourceFile; try { socket = new Socket(ip, port); System.out.println("receive file thread " + socket.isConnected()); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { try { ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( socket.getOutputStream()); oos.writeObject(sourceFile); oos.flush(); // oos.close(); File f = new File(fileStorePath); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os); byte[] buf = new byte[8192]; int c = 0; //************ NOTE ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( socket.getInputStream()); while ((c = ois.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) { // ois.read(buf); bos.write(buf, 0, c); bos.flush(); // buf = new byte[8192]; } ois.close(); oos.close(); // os.close(); bos.close(); socket.close(); //Thread.sleep(500); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } NOTE : Now the problem that I am facing is at the first time when the file is requested the outcome of the program is same as my expectation. I am able to transmit any size of file at first time. Now when the second file is requested (e.g. I have sent file a,b,c,d to the user and user has received file a successfully and now he is requesting file b) the program faces deadlock at this situation. It is waiting for socket's input stream. I put breakpoint and tried to debug it but it is not going in FileThread's run method second time. I could not find out the mistake here. Basically I am making a LAN Messenger which works on LAN. I am using SWT as UI framework.

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  • Memento with optional state?

    - by Korey Hinton
    EDIT: As pointed out by Steve Evers and pdr, I am not correctly implementing the Memento pattern, my design is actually State pattern. Menu Program I built a console-based menu program with multiple levels that selects a particular test to run. Each level more precisely describes the operation. At any level you can type back to go back one level (memento). Level 1: Server Type? [1] Server A [2] Server B Level 2: Server environment? [1] test [2] production Level 3: Test type? [1] load [2] unit Level 4: Data Collection? [1] Legal docs [2] Corporate docs Level 4.5 (optional): Load Test Type [2] Multi TIF [2] Single PDF Level 5: Command Type? [1] Move [2] Copy [3] Remove [4] Custom Level 6: Enter a keyword [setup, cleanup, run] Design States PROBLEM: Right now the STATES enum is the determining factor as to what state is BACK and what state is NEXT yet it knows nothing about what the current memento state is. Has anyone experienced a similar issue and found an effective way to handle mementos with optional state? static enum STATES { SERVER, ENVIRONMENT, TEST_TYPE, COLLECTION, COMMAND_TYPE, KEYWORD, FINISHED } Possible Solution (Not-flexible) In reference to my code below, every case statement in the Menu class could check the state of currentMemo and then set the STATE (enum) accordingly to pass to the Builder. However, this doesn't seem flexible very flexible to change and I'm struggling to see an effective way refactor the design. class Menu extends StateConscious { private State state; private Scanner reader; private ServerUtils utility; Menu() { state = new State(); reader = new Scanner(System.in); utility = new ServerUtils(); } // Recurring menu logic public void startPromptingLoop() { List<State> states = new ArrayList<>(); states.add(new State()); boolean redoInput = false; boolean userIsDone = false; while (true) { // get Memento from last loop Memento currentMemento = states.get(states.size() - 1) .saveMemento(); if (currentMemento == null) currentMemento = new Memento.Builder(0).build(); if (!redoInput) System.out.println(currentMemento.prompt); redoInput = false; // prepare Memento for next loop Memento nextMemento = null; STATES state = STATES.values()[states.size() - 1]; // get user input String selection = reader.nextLine(); switch (selection) { case "exit": reader.close(); return; // only escape case "quit": nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(first(), currentMemento, selection).build(); states.clear(); break; case "back": nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(previous(state), currentMemento, selection).build(); if (states.size() <= 1) { states.remove(0); } else { states.remove(states.size() - 1); states.remove(states.size() - 1); } break; case "1": nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(next(state), currentMemento, selection).build(); break; case "2": nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(next(state), currentMemento, selection).build(); break; case "3": nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(next(state), currentMemento, selection).build(); break; case "4": nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(next(state), currentMemento, selection).build(); break; default: if (state.equals(STATES.CATEGORY)) { String command = selection; System.out.println("Executing " + command + " command on: " + currentMemento.type + " " + currentMemento.environment); utility.executeCommand(currentMemento.nickname, command); userIsDone = true; states.clear(); nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(first(), currentMemento, selection).build(); } else if (state.equals(STATES.KEYWORD)) { nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(next(state), currentMemento, selection).build(); states.clear(); nextMemento = new Memento.Builder(first(), currentMemento, selection).build(); } else { redoInput = true; System.out.println("give it another try"); continue; } break; } if (userIsDone) { // start the recurring menu over from the beginning for (int i = 0; i < states.size(); i++) { if (i != 0) { states.remove(i); // remove all except first } } reader = new Scanner(System.in); this.state = new State(); userIsDone = false; } if (!redoInput) { this.state.restoreMemento(nextMemento); states.add(this.state); } } } }

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  • creating a pre-menu level select screen

    - by Ephiras
    Hi I am working on creating a tower Defence java applet game and have come to a road block about implementing a title screen that i can select the level and difficulty of the rest of the game. my title screen class is called Menu. from this menu class i need to pass in many different variables into my Main class. i have used different classes before and know how to run them and such. but if both classes extend applet and each has its individual graphics method how can i run things from Main even though it was created in Menu. what i essentially want to do is run the Menu class withits action listeners and graphics until a Difficulty button has been selected, run the main class (which 100% works without having to have the Menu class) and pretty much terminate Menu so that i cannot go back to it, do not see its buttons or graphics menus. can i run one applet annd when i choose a button close that one and launch the other one? IF you would like to download the full project you can find it here, i had to comment out all the code that wasn't working my Menu class import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.applet.*; public class Menu extends Applet implements ActionListener{ Button bEasy,bMed,bHard; Main m; public void init(){ bEasy= new Button("Easy"); bEasy.setBounds(140,200,100,50); add(bEasy); bMed = new Button("Medium");bMed.setBounds(280,200,100,50); add(bMed); bHard= new Button("Hard");bHard.setBounds(420,200,100,50); add(bHard); setLayout(null); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ Main m = new Main(20,10,3000,mapMed);//break; switch (e.getSource()){ case bEasy: Main m = new Main(6000,20,"levels/levelEasy.png");break;//enimies tower money world case bMed: Main m = new Main(4000,15,"levels/levelMed.png");break; case bHard: Main m = new Main(2000,10,"levels/levelEasy.png");break; default: break; } } public void paint(){ //m.draw(g) } } and here is my main class initialising code. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.applet.*; import java.io.IOException; public class Main extends Applet implements Runnable, MouseListener, MouseMotionListener, ActionListener{ Button startButton, UpgRange, UpgDamage; //set up the buttons Color roadCol,startCol,finCol,selGrass,selRoad; //set up the colors Enemy e[][]; Tower t[]; Image towerpic,backpic,roadpic,levelPic; private Image i; private Graphics doubleG; //here is the world 0=grass 1=road 2=start 3=end int world[][],eStartX,eStartY; boolean drawMouse,gameEnd; static boolean start=false; static int gridLength=15; static int round=0; int Mx,My,timer=1500; static int sqrSize=31; int towers=0,towerSelected=-10; static int castleHealth=2000; String levelPath; //choose the level Easy Med or Hard int maxEnemy[] = {5,7,12,20,30,15,50,30,40,60};//number of enimies per round int maxTowers=15;//maximum number of towers allowed static int money =2000,damPrice=600,ranPrice=350,towerPrice=700; //money = the intial ammount of money you start of with //damPrice is the price to increase the damage of a tower //ranPrice is the price to increase the range of a tower public void main(int cH,int mT,int mo,int dP,int rP,int tP,String path,int[] mE)//constructor 1 castleHealth=cH; maxTowers=mT; money=mo; damPrice=dP; ranPrice=rP; towerPrice=tP; String levelPath=path; maxEnemy = mE; buildLevel(); } public void main(int cH,int mT,String path)//basic constructor castleHealth=cH; maxTowers=mT; String levelPath=path; maxEnemy = mE; buildLevel(); } public void init(){ setSize(sqrSize*15+200,sqrSize*15);//set the size of the screen roadCol = new Color(255,216,0);//set the colors for the different objects startCol = new Color(0,38,255); finCol = new Color(255,0,0); selRoad = new Color(242,204,155);//selColor is the color of something when your mouse hovers over it selGrass = new Color(0,190,0); roadpic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/road.jpg"); towerpic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/tower.png"); backpic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/grass.jpg"); levelPic = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"images/level.jpg"); e= new Enemy[maxEnemy.length][];//activates all of the enimies for (int r=0;r<e.length;r++) e[r] = new Enemy[maxEnemy[r]]; t= new Tower[maxTowers]; for (int i=0;i<t.length;i++) t[i]= new Tower();//activates all the towers for (int i=0;i<e.length; i++)//sets all of the enimies starting co ordinates for (int j=0;j<e[i].length;j++) e[i][j] = new Enemy(eStartX,eStartY,world); initButtons();//initialise all the buttons addMouseMotionListener(this); addMouseListener(this); }

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  • Managing highly repetitive code and documentation in Java

    - by polygenelubricants
    Highly repetitive code is generally a bad thing, and there are design patterns that can help minimize this. However, sometimes it's simply inevitable due to the constraints of the language itself. Take the following example from java.util.Arrays: /** * Assigns the specified long value to each element of the specified * range of the specified array of longs. The range to be filled * extends from index <tt>fromIndex</tt>, inclusive, to index * <tt>toIndex</tt>, exclusive. (If <tt>fromIndex==toIndex</tt>, the * range to be filled is empty.) * * @param a the array to be filled * @param fromIndex the index of the first element (inclusive) to be * filled with the specified value * @param toIndex the index of the last element (exclusive) to be * filled with the specified value * @param val the value to be stored in all elements of the array * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>fromIndex &gt; toIndex</tt> * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if <tt>fromIndex &lt; 0</tt> or * <tt>toIndex &gt; a.length</tt> */ public static void fill(long[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, long val) { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); for (int i=fromIndex; i<toIndex; i++) a[i] = val; } The above snippet appears in the source code 8 times, with very little variation in the documentation/method signature but exactly the same method body, one for each of the root array types int[], short[], char[], byte[], boolean[], double[], float[], and Object[]. I believe that unless one resorts to reflection (which is an entirely different subject in itself), this repetition is inevitable. I understand that as a utility class, such high concentration of repetitive Java code is highly atypical, but even with the best practice, repetition does happen! Refactoring doesn't always work because it's not always possible (the obvious case is when the repetition is in the documentation). Obviously maintaining this source code is a nightmare. A slight typo in the documentation, or a minor bug in the implementation, is multiplied by however many repetitions was made. In fact, the best example happens to involve this exact class: Google Research Blog - Extra, Extra - Read All About It: Nearly All Binary Searches and Mergesorts are Broken (by Joshua Bloch, Software Engineer) The bug is a surprisingly subtle one, occurring in what many thought to be just a simple and straightforward algorithm. // int mid =(low + high) / 2; // the bug int mid = (low + high) >>> 1; // the fix The above line appears 11 times in the source code! So my questions are: How are these kinds of repetitive Java code/documentation handled in practice? How are they developed, maintained, and tested? Do you start with "the original", and make it as mature as possible, and then copy and paste as necessary and hope you didn't make a mistake? And if you did make a mistake in the original, then just fix it everywhere, unless you're comfortable with deleting the copies and repeating the whole replication process? And you apply this same process for the testing code as well? Would Java benefit from some sort of limited-use source code preprocessing for this kind of thing? Perhaps Sun has their own preprocessor to help write, maintain, document and test these kind of repetitive library code? A comment requested another example, so I pulled this one from Google Collections: com.google.common.base.Predicates lines 276-310 (AndPredicate) vs lines 312-346 (OrPredicate). The source for these two classes are identical, except for: AndPredicate vs OrPredicate (each appears 5 times in its class) "And(" vs Or(" (in the respective toString() methods) #and vs #or (in the @see Javadoc comments) true vs false (in apply; ! can be rewritten out of the expression) -1 /* all bits on */ vs 0 /* all bits off */ in hashCode() &= vs |= in hashCode()

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  • Java PHP posting using URLConnector, PHP file doesn't seem to receive parameters

    - by Emdiesse
    Hi there, I am trying to post some simple string data to my php script via a java application. My PHP script works fine when I enter the data myself using a web browser (newvector.php?x1=&y1=...) However using my java application the php file does not seem to pick up these parameters, in fact I don't even know if they are sending at all because if I comment out on of the parameters in the java code when I am writing to dta it doesn't actually return, you must enter 6 parameters. newvector.php if(!isset($_GET['x1']) || !isset($_GET['y1']) || !isset($_GET['t1']) || !isset($_GET['x2']) || !isset($_GET['y2']) || !isset($_GET['t2'])){ die("You must include 6 parameters within the URL: x1, y1, t1, x2, y2, t2"); } $x1 = $_GET['x1']; $x2 = $_GET['x2']; $y1 = $_GET['y1']; $y2 = $_GET['y2']; $t1 = $_GET['t1']; $t2 = $_GET['t2']; $insert = " INSERT INTO vectors( x1, x2, y1, y2, t1, t2 ) VALUES ( '$x1', '$x2', '$y1', '$y2', '$t1', '$t2' ) "; if(!mysql_query($insert, $conn)){ die('Error: ' . mysql_error()); } echo "Submitted Data x1=".$x1." y1=".$y1." t1=".$t1." x2=".$x2." y2=".$y2." t2=".$t2; include 'db_disconnect.php'; ?> The java code else if (action.equals("Play")) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // data.size() String x1, y1, t1, x2, y2, t2 = ""; String date = "2010-04-03 "; String ms = ".0"; x1 = data.elementAt(i)[1]; y1 = data.elementAt(i)[0]; t1 = date + data.elementAt(i)[2] + ms; x2 = data.elementAt(i)[4]; y2 = data.elementAt(i)[3]; t2 = date + data.elementAt(i)[5] + ms; try { //Create Post String String dta = URLEncoder.encode("x1", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(x1, "UTF-8"); dta += "&" + URLEncoder.encode("y1", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(y1, "UTF-8"); dta += "&" + URLEncoder.encode("t1", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(t1, "UTF-8"); dta += "&" + URLEncoder.encode("x2", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(x2, "UTF-8"); dta += "&" + URLEncoder.encode("y2", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(y2, "UTF-8"); dta += "&" + URLEncoder.encode("t2", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(t2, "UTF-8"); System.out.println(dta); // Send Data To Page URL url = new URL("http://localhost/newvector.php"); URLConnection conn = url.openConnection(); conn.setDoOutput(true); OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream()); wr.write(dta); wr.flush(); // Get The Response BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream())); String line; while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); //you Can Break The String Down Here } wr.close(); rd.close(); } catch (Exception exc) { System.out.println("Hmmm!!! " + exc.getMessage()); } }

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  • Unnecessary Java context switches

    - by Paul Morrison
    I have a network of Java Threads (Flow-Based Programming) communicating via fixed-capacity channels - running under WindowsXP. What we expected, based on our experience with "green" threads (non-preemptive), would be that threads would switch context less often (thus reducing CPU time) if the channels were made bigger. However, we found that increasing channel size does not make any difference to the run time. What seems to be happening is that Java decides to switch threads even though channels aren't full or empty (i.e. even though a thread doesn't have to suspend), which costs CPU time for no apparent advantage. Also changing Thread priorities doesn't make any observable difference. My question is whether there is some way of persuading Java not to make unnecessary context switches, but hold off switching until it is really necessary to switch threads - is there some way of changing Java's dispatching logic? Or is it reacting to something I didn't pay attention to?! Or are there other asynchronism mechanisms, e.g. Thread factories, Runnable(s), maybe even daemons (!). The answer appears to be non-obvious, as so far none of my correspondents has come up with an answer (including most recently two CS profs). Or maybe I'm missing something that's so obvious that people can't imagine my not knowing it... I've added the send and receive code here - not very elegant, but it seems to work...;-) In case you are wondering, I thought the goLock logic in 'send' might be causing the problem, but removing it temporarily didn't make any difference. I have added the code for send and receive... public synchronized Packet receive() { if (isDrained()) { return null; } while (isEmpty()) { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { close(); return null; } if (isDrained()) { return null; } } if (isDrained()) { return null; } if (isFull()) { notifyAll(); // notify other components waiting to send } Packet packet = array[receivePtr]; array[receivePtr] = null; receivePtr = (receivePtr + 1) % array.length; //notifyAll(); // only needed if it was full usedSlots--; packet.setOwner(receiver); if (null == packet.getContent()) { traceFuncs("Received null packet"); } else { traceFuncs("Received: " + packet.toString()); } return packet; } synchronized boolean send(final Packet packet, final OutputPort op) { sender = op.sender; if (isClosed()) { return false; } while (isFull()) { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { indicateOneSenderClosed(); return false; } sender = op.sender; } if (isClosed()) { return false; } try { receiver.goLock.lockInterruptibly(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { return false; } try { packet.clearOwner(); array[sendPtr] = packet; sendPtr = (sendPtr + 1) % array.length; usedSlots++; // move this to here if (receiver.getStatus() == StatusValues.DORMANT || receiver.getStatus() == StatusValues.NOT_STARTED) { receiver.activate(); // start or wake up if necessary } else { notifyAll(); // notify receiver // other components waiting to send to this connection may also get // notified, // but this is handled by while statement } sender = null; Component.network.active = true; } finally { receiver.goLock.unlock(); } return true; }

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  • Load balancing using Mina example with Java DSL

    - by Flame_Phoenix
    So, recently I started learning Camel. As part of the process I decided to go through all the examples (listed HERE and available when you DOWNLOAD the package with all the examples and docs) and to see what I could learn. One of the examples, Load Balancing using Mina caught my attention because it uses a Mina in different JVM's and it simulates a load balancer with round robin. I have a few problems with this example. First it uses the Spring DSL, instead of the Java DSL which my project uses and which I find a lot easier to understand now (mainly also because I am used to it). So the first question: is there a version of this example using only the Java DSL instead of the Spring DSL for the routes and the beans? My second questions is code related. The description states, and I quote: Within this demo every ten seconds, a Report object is created from the Camel load balancer server. This object is sent by the Camel load balancer to a MINA server where the object is then serialized. One of the two MINA servers (localhost:9991 and localhost:9992) receives the object and enriches the message by setting the field reply of the Report object. The reply is sent back by the MINA server to the client, which then logs the reply on the console. So, from what I read, I understand that the MINA server 1 (per example) receives a report from the loadbalancer, changes it, and then it sends that report back to some invisible client. Upon checking the code, I see no client java class or XML and when I run, the server simply posts the results on the command line. Where is the client ?? What is this client? In the MINA 1server code presented here: <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:camel="http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring/camel-spring.xsd"> <bean id="service" class="org.apache.camel.example.service.Reporting"/> <camelContext xmlns="http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring"> <route id="mina1"> <from uri="mina:tcp://localhost:9991"/> <setHeader headerName="minaServer"> <constant>localhost:9991</constant> </setHeader> <bean ref="service" method="updateReport"/> </route> </camelContext> </beans> I don't understand how the updateReport method magically prints the object on my console. What if I wanted to send message to a third MINA server? How would I do it? (I would have to add a new route, and send it to the URI of the 3rd server correct?) I know most of these questions may sound dumb, but I would appreciate if anyone could help me. A Java DSL version of this would really help me.

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  • Need help in creating test appliaction in Java and passing parameters into a new designed Java API.

    - by Christophe
    Need help, Please!!! By following the protocol, the Request should be built in 5 byte length, including 1 byte for changing Braud rate (Speed), and send request to a RS-232 port. Protocol: --------------- Request for the command processing, with optional extra byte for changing Baud Rate: LGT : length message ( LGT = 5 ) TYPE : 0x06 TO(time out): 0x0000 CMD : (1 byte) 0x02 application update Baud Rate : (1 byte) 0xNN (optional parameter to change baud rate of the Mnt App) where NN can be: 0x00 = No Baud Rate Change (similar to 4-byte command above) 0x09 = Change to 9600 Baud for Application Update speed 0x0A = Change to 19200 Baud for Application Update speed 0x0E = Change to 115200 Baud for Application Update speed All other bytes are not accepted and will result in a status of 0x01. ------------------ I'm trying to test if my code works or not by creating another class (TestApplication.java) and pass the "3 differenr Baut rate" to this CPXAppliaction. the 3 Baud Rate is supposed to input by reading a file.txt. Question: How do you think these code (first half)? please don't warry about the details about the "sending part". I mean, do I need setter/getter for the "speed" parameter pass? I created the demo test class DemoApp.java (input speed by reading a txt file, and pass into CPXAppliaction). how do you think about that code? Many thanks to you guys!! public class CPXApplication extends CPXCommand { private int speed; . public CPXApplication() { speed = 9600; } public CPXApplication(int speedinit) { speed = speedinit; // TODO: where to get the speed? } protected void buildRequest() throws ElitePortException { String trans = ""; // build the full-qualified message following the protocol trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 0); trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 5); trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 6); trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 0); trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 0); trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 2); switch (speed) { case 9600: trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 0x09); break; case 19200: trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 0x0A); break; case 115200: trans = addToRequest(trans, (char) 0x0E); break; default: // TODO: unexpected baud rate. throw(); break; } trans = EncryptBinary(trans); trans = "F0." + trans; wrapRequest(trans); } protected String addToRequest(String req, char c) { return req + c; } protected String addToRequest(String req, String s) { return req + s; } protected String addToRequest(String req) { return req; } public void analyzeResponse() { //.............. } } Here is the demo test code: package com.ingenico.testApp; import com.ingenico.EliteFd.; import java.util.Scanner; import java.io.; class Run { public static void run() { CPXAppliactionUpdate input = new CpXApplicationUpdate(); int lineno = 0; try { FileReader fr = new FileReader("baudRateSpeed.txt"); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(fr); String line = reader.readLine(); Scanner scan = null; while (line != null) { scan = new Scanner(line); String speed; speed = scan.next(); if (lineno == 0) { input.speed = speed; lineno++; } else { input = cpxapplicationupdate(speed, input); } line = reader.readLine(); } reader.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Could not find the file"); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Had a problem reading from file"); } } public class DemoApp{ public void main(String args[]) { run(); } } }

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