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  • Using XNA's XML content pipeline to read arrays of objects with different subtypes

    - by Mcguirk
    Using XNA's XML content importer, is it possible to read in an array of objects with different subtypes? For instance, assume these are my class definitions: public abstract class MyBaseClass { public string MyBaseData; } public class MySubClass0 : MyBaseClass { public int MySubData0; } public class MySubClass1 : MyBaseClass { public bool MySubData1; } And this is my XML file: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="MyBaseClass[]"> <Item> <!-- I want this to be an instance of MySubClass0 --> <MyBaseData>alpha</MyBaseData> <MySubData0>314</MySubData0> </Item> <Item> <!-- I want this to be an instance of MySubClass1 --> <MyBaseData>bravo</MyBaseData> <MySubData1>true</MySubData1> </Item> </Asset> </XnaContent> How do I specify that I want the first Item to be an instance of MySubclass0 and the second Item to be an instance of MySubclass1?

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  • Bash arrays and case statements - review my script

    - by Felipe Alvarez
    #!/bin/bash # Change the environment in which you are currently working. # Actually, it calls the relevant 'lettus.sh' script if [ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "$0" ]; then echo "Try running this as \". chenv $1\"" exit 0 fi usage(){ echo "Usage: . ${PROG} -- Shows a list of user-selectable environments." echo " . ${PROG} [env] -- Select environment." echo " . ${PROG} -h -- Shows this usage screen." return } showEnv(){ # check if index0 exists, assume we have at least the first (zeroth) element #if [ -z "${envList}" ]; then if [ -z "${envList[0]}" ]; then echo "array \$envList is empty! " >&2 return 1 fi # Show all elements in array (0 -> n-1) for i in $(seq 0 $((${#envList[@]} - 1))); do echo ${envList[$i]} done return } setEnv(){ if [ -z "$1" ]; then usage; return fi case $1 in cold) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_cold.sh;; coles) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_coles.sh;; fc) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_fc.sh;; fcrm) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_fcrm.sh;; stable) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_stable.sh;; tip) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_tip.sh;; uat) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_uat.sh;; wellmdc) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_wellmdc.sh;; *) usage; return;; esac if $IS_SOURCED; then echo "Environment \"$1\" selected." echo "Now sourcing file \"$FILE_TO_SOURCE\"..." . ${FILE_TO_SOURCE} return else return 1 fi } main(){ if [ -z "$1" ]; then showEnv; return fi case $1 in -h) usage;; *) setEnv $1;; esac return } PROG="chenv" # create array of user-selectable environments envList=( cold coles fc fcrm stable tip uat wellmdc ) main "$@" return If I could, I'd like to get some feedback on a better way to accomplish any of the following: run through the case statement make script trivally simple to maintain/upgrade/update

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  • Arrays for a heightmap tile-based map

    - by JPiolho
    I'm making a game that uses a map which have tiles, corners and borders. Here's a graphical representation: I've managed to store tiles and corners in memory but I'm having troubles to get borders structured. For the tiles, I have a [Map Width * Map Height] sized array. For corners I have [(Map Width + 1) * (Map Height + 1)] sized array. I've already made up the math needed to access corners from a tile, but I can't figure out how to store and access the borders from a single array. Tiles store the type (and other game logic variables) and via the array index I can get the X, Y. Via this tile position it is possible to get the array index of the corners (which store the Z index). The borders will store a game object and accessing corners from only border info would be also required. If someone even has a better way to store these for better memory and performance I would gladly accept that. EDIT: Using in C# and Javascript.

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  • libgdx rotation (animation, arrays) issues and help needed

    - by johnny-b
    well i am a noob at java and libgdx. i got the homing bullet working with the help of someone. now i am smashing my head as to how i can make it rotate so it faces the ball (which is the main character) when it goes around it or when it is coming towards it. the bullet is facing <--- and the code below is what i have done so far. also i used sprites for the bullet and also animation method. Also how do i make it an array/arraylist which is best so i can have multiple bullets at random or placed places. i tried many things nothing workd :( thank you for the help. // below is the bullet or enemy if you want to call it. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); lifetime += delta; setRegion(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(lifetime)); } } // this is where i load the images. public class AssetLoader { public static Animation bulletAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { // We must dispose of the texture when we are finished. texture.dispose(); } // this is for the rendering of the images etc public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } so there is the whole thing. the images are loaded via the AssetLoader then to the GameRenderer and GameWorld via the Bullet class. i am guessing that is how it is. sorry newbie so still learning. thank you in advace for the help or any advice.

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  • Code Contracts: validating arrays and collections

    - by DigiMortal
    Validating collections before using them is very common task when we use built-in generic types for our collections. In this posting I will show you how to validate collections using code contracts. It is cool how much awful looking code you can avoid using code contracts. Failing code Let’s suppose we have method that calculates sum of all invoices in collection. We have class Invoice and one of properties it has is Sum. I don’t introduce here any complex calculations on invoices because we have another problem to solve in this topic. Here is our code. public static decimal CalculateTotal(IList<Invoice> invoices) {     var sum = invoices.Sum(p => p.Sum);     return sum; } This method is very simple but it fails when invoices list contains at least one null. Of course, we can test if invoice is null but having nulls in lists like this is not good idea – it opens green way for different coding bugs in system. Our goal is to react to bugs ASAP at the nearest place they occur. There is one more way how to make our method fail. It happens when invoices is null. I thing it is also one common bugs during development and it even happens in production environments under some conditions that are usually hardly met. Now let’s protect our little calculation method with code contracts. We need two contracts: invoices cannot be null invoices cannot contain any nulls Our first contract is easy but how to write the second one? Solution: Contract.ForAll Preconditions in code are checked using Contract.Ensures method. This method takes boolean value as argument that sais if contract holds or not. There is also method Contract.ForAll that takes collection and predicate that must hold for that collection. Nice thing is ForAll returns boolean. So, we have very simple solution. public static decimal CalculateTotal(IList<Invoice> invoices) {     Contract.Requires(invoices != null);     Contract.Requires(Contract.ForAll<Invoice>(invoices, p => p != null));       var sum = invoices.Sum(p => p.Sum);     return sum; } And here are some lines of code you can use to test the contracts quickly. var invoices = new List<Invoice>(); invoices.Add(new Invoice()); invoices.Add(null); invoices.Add(new Invoice()); //CalculateTotal(null); CalculateTotal(invoices); If your code is covered with unit tests then I suggest you to write tests to check that these contracts hold for every code run. Conclusion Although it seemed at first place that checking all elements in collection may end up with for-loops that does not look so nice we were able to solve our problem nicely. ForAll method of contract class offered us simple mechanism to check collections and it does it smoothly the code-contracts-way. P.S. I suggest you also read devlicio.us blog posting Validating Collections with Code Contracts by Derik Whittaker.

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  • C++ simple arrays and pointers question

    - by nashmaniac
    So here's the confusion, let's say I declare an array of characters char name[3] = "Sam"; and then I declare another array but this time using pointers char * name = "Sam"; What's the difference between the two? I mean they work the same way in a program. Also how does the latter store the size of the stuff that someone puts in it, in this case 3 characters? Also how is it different from char * name = new char[3]; If those three are different where should they be used I mean in what circumstances?

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  • C++ OpenGL wireframe cube rendering blank

    - by caleb.breckon
    I'm just trying to draw a bunch of lines that make up a "cube". I can't for the life of me figure out why this is producing a black screen. The debugger does not break at any point. I'm sure it's a problem with my pointers, as I'm only decent at them in regular c++ and in OpenGL it gets even worse. const char* vertexSource = "#version 150\n" "in vec3 position;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);" "}"; const char* fragmentSource = "#version 150\n" "out vec4 outColor;" "void main() {" " outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);" "}"; int main() { initializeGLFW(); // Initialize GLEW glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glewInit(); // Create Vertex Array Object GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); // Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it GLuint vbo; glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo ); float vertices[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z) }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 }; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo ); glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); //glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); //glBufferData( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( indices ), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); // Create and compile the vertex shader GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( vertexShader ); // Create and compile the fragment shader GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( fragmentShader ); // Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader ); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader ); glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" ); glLinkProgram (shaderProgram); glUseProgram( shaderProgram); // Specify the layout of the vertex data GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib ); glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); // Main loop while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) { // Clear the screen to black glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ); // Draw lines from 2 vertices glDrawElements(GL_LINES, sizeof(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); // Swap buffers glfwSwapBuffers(); } // Clean up glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram ); glDeleteShader( fragmentShader ); glDeleteShader( vertexShader ); //glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo ); glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo ); glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glfwTerminate(); exit( EXIT_SUCCESS ); }

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  • libgdx arrays onTouch() method and delays for objects

    - by johnny-b
    i am trying to create random bullets but it is not working for some reason. also how can i make a delay so the bullets come every 30 seconds or 1 minute???? also the onTouch method does not work and it is not taking the bullet away???? shall i put the array in the GameRender class? thanks public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet1; private ScrollHandler scroller; private Array<Bullet> bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(280, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(-300, 200); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); bullets.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); Bullet bullet = null; float bulletX = 0.0f; float bulletY = 0.0f; for (int i=0; i < 10; i++) { bulletX = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bulletY = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bullet = new Bullet(bulletX, bulletY); bullets.add(bullet); } } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet1() { return bullet1; } } i also tried this and it is not working, i used this in the GameRender class Array<Bullet> enemies=new Array<Bullet>(); //in the constructor of the class enemies.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); // this throws an exception for some reason??? this is in the render method for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).draw(batcher); //this i am using in any method that will allow me from the constructor to update to render for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).update(delta); this is not taking the bullet out @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) if(bullet.get(i).getBounds().contains(screenX,screenY)) bullet.removeIndex(i--); return false; } thanks for the help anyone.

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  • Creating a voxel world with 3D arrays using threads

    - by Sean M.
    I am making a voxel game (a bit like Minecraft) in C++(11), and I've come across an issue with creating a world efficiently. In my program, I have a World class, which holds a 3D array of Region class pointers. When I initialize the world, I give it a width, height, and depth so it knows how large of a world to create. Each Region is split up into a 32x32x32 area of blocks, so as you may guess, it takes a while to initialize the world once the world gets to be above 8x4x8 Regions. In order to alleviate this issue, I thought that using threads to generate different levels of the world concurrently would make it go faster. Having not used threads much before this, and being still relatively new to C++, I'm not entirely sure how to go about implementing one thread per level (level being a xz plane with a height of 1), when there is a variable number of levels. I tried this: for(int i = 0; i < height; i++) { std::thread th(std::bind(&World::load, this, width, height, depth)); th.join(); } Where load() just loads all Regions at height "height". But that executes the threads one at a time (which makes sense, looking back), and that of course takes as long as generating all Regions in one loop. I then tried: std::thread t1(std::bind(&World::load, this, w, h1, h2 - 1, d)); std::thread t2(std::bind(&World::load, this, w, h2, h3 - 1, d)); std::thread t3(std::bind(&World::load, this, w, h3, h4 - 1, d)); std::thread t4(std::bind(&World::load, this, w, h4, h - 1, d)); t1.join(); t2.join(); t3.join(); t4.join(); This works in that the world loads about 3-3.5 times faster, but this forces the height to be a multiple of 4, and it also gives the same exact VAO object to every single Region, which need individual VAOs in order to render properly. The VAO of each Region is set in the constructor, so I'm assuming that somehow the VAO number is not thread safe or something (again, unfamiliar with threads). So basically, my question is two one-part: How to I implement a variable number of threads that all execute at the same time, and force the main thread to wait for them using join() without stopping the other threads? How do I make the VAO objects thread safe, so when a bunch of Regions are being created at the same time across multiple threads, they don't all get the exact same VAO? Turns out it has to do with GL contexts not working across multiple threads. I moved the VAO/VBO creation back to the main thread. Fixed! Here is the code for block.h/.cpp, region.h/.cpp, and CVBObject.h/.cpp which controls VBOs and VAOs, in case you need it. If you need to see anything else just ask. EDIT: Also, I'd prefer not to have answers that are like "you should have used boost". I'm trying to do this without boost to get used to threads before moving onto other libraries.

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  • Matrices: Arrays or separate member variables?

    - by bjz
    I'm teaching myself 3D maths and in the process building my own rudimentary engine (of sorts). I was wondering what would be the best way to structure my matrix class. There are a few options: Separate member variables: struct Mat4 { float m11, m12, m13, m14, m21, m22, m23, m24, m31, m32, m33, m34, m41, m42, m43, m44; // methods } A multi-dimensional array: struct Mat4 { float[4][4] m; // methods } An array of vectors struct Mat4 { Vec4[4] m; // methods } I'm guessing there would be positives and negatives to each. From 3D Math Primer for Graphics and Game Development, 2nd Edition p.155: Matrices use 1-based indices, so the first row and column are numbered 1. For example, a12 (read “a one two,” not “a twelve”) is the element in the first row, second column. Notice that this is different from programming languages such as C++ and Java, which use 0-based array indices. A matrix does not have a column 0 or row 0. This difference in indexing can cause some confusion if matrices are stored using an actual array data type. For this reason, it’s common for classes that store small, fixed size matrices of the type used for geometric purposes to give each element its own named member variable, such as float a11, instead of using the language’s native array support with something like float elem[3][3]. So that's one vote for method one. Is this really the accepted way to do things? It seems rather unwieldy if the only benefit would be sticking with the conventional math notation.

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  • BlockingCollection having issues with byte arrays

    - by MJLaukala
    I am having an issue where an object with a byte[20] is being passed into a BlockingCollection on one thread and another thread returning the object with a byte[0] using BlockingCollection.Take(). I think this is a threading issue but I do not know where or why this is happening considering that BlockingCollection is a concurrent collection. Sometimes on thread2, myclass2.mybytes equals byte[0]. Any information on how to fix this is greatly appreciated. MessageBuffer.cs public class MessageBuffer : BlockingCollection<Message> { } In the class that has Listener() and ReceivedMessageHandler(object messageProcessor) private MessageBuffer RecievedMessageBuffer; On Thread1 private void Listener() { while (this.IsListening) { try { Message message = Message.ReadMessage(this.Stream, this); if (message != null) { this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Add(message); } } catch (IOException ex) { if (!this.Client.Connected) { this.OnDisconnected(); } else { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); this.OnDisconnected(); } } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); this.OnDisconnected(); } } } Message.ReadMessage(NetworkStream stream, iTcpConnectClient client) public static Message ReadMessage(NetworkStream stream, iTcpConnectClient client) { int ClassType = -1; Message message = null; try { ClassType = stream.ReadByte(); if (ClassType == -1) { return null; } if (!Message.IDTOCLASS.ContainsKey((byte)ClassType)) { throw new IOException("Class type not found"); } message = Message.GetNewMessage((byte)ClassType); message.Client = client; message.ReadData(stream); if (message.Buffer.Length < message.MessageSize + Message.HeaderSize) { return null; } } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); throw ex; } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); //throw ex; } return message; } On Thread2 private void ReceivedMessageHandler(object messageProcessor) { if (messageProcessor != null) { while (this.IsListening) { Message message = this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Take(); message.Reconstruct(); message.HandleMessage(messageProcessor); } } else { while (this.IsListening) { Message message = this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Take(); message.Reconstruct(); message.HandleMessage(); } } } PlayerStateMessage.cs public class PlayerStateMessage : Message { public GameObject PlayerState; public override int MessageSize { get { return 12; } } public PlayerStateMessage() : base() { this.PlayerState = new GameObject(); } public PlayerStateMessage(GameObject playerState) { this.PlayerState = playerState; } public override void Reconstruct() { this.PlayerState.Poisiton = this.GetVector2FromBuffer(0); this.PlayerState.Rotation = this.GetFloatFromBuffer(8); base.Reconstruct(); } public override void Deconstruct() { this.CreateBuffer(); this.AddToBuffer(this.PlayerState.Poisiton, 0); this.AddToBuffer(this.PlayerState.Rotation, 8); base.Deconstruct(); } public override void HandleMessage(object messageProcessor) { ((MessageProcessor)messageProcessor).ProcessPlayerStateMessage(this); } } Message.GetVector2FromBuffer(int bufferlocation) This is where the exception is thrown because this.Buffer is byte[0] when it should be byte[20]. public Vector2 GetVector2FromBuffer(int bufferlocation) { return new Vector2( BitConverter.ToSingle(this.Buffer, Message.HeaderSize + bufferlocation), BitConverter.ToSingle(this.Buffer, Message.HeaderSize + bufferlocation + 4)); }

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  • How do you format arrays within parameters?

    - by joslinm
    I'm talking about something like this: echo $form->input('general_addresss', array( 'label' => 'Where will you go today?' 'format' => array('before', 'input', 'after', 'label', 'after', 'error') )); Do you start with one array parameter, then break a line? If it can't fit on a line, do you immediately break a line? After of which, do you do a set number of tabs over? What happens if an array within an array has lots of properties? Is there any particular guide you follow?

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  • Factory for arrays of objects in python

    - by Vorac
    Ok, the title might be a little misleading. I have a Window class that draws widgets inside itself in the constructor. The widgets are all of the same type. So I pass a list of dictionaries, which contain the parameters for each widget. This works quite nicely, but I am worried that the interface to callers is obfuscated. That is, in order to use Window, one has to study the class, construct a correct list of dictionaries, and then call the constructor with only one parameter - widgets_params. Is this good or bad design? What alternatives does the python syntax provide?

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  • Traversing Java Object Arrays [migrated]

    - by Sundi
    Please Help. Program does not read Array rentBooks[] in the for() loop this option is selected when choosing option 2 then option 4 in the menu The Array reads perfectly when reading the items after the setBook() Method import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.util.Scanner; import java.io.*; import java.util.Locale; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat ; class Library { protected static String Author; protected static String Title; SimpleDateFormat PublicationDate; int itemCode; int available = 1; } class Book extends Library { protected static String PublisherName; protected static String Edition; static Book[] rentBooks = new Book[5]; //Book[] rentBooks = new Book[5]; int count = 0; public Book() { String start= "start"; showBook.main(anza); } public void setBook( String Auth, String Titl, String PublishName) { this.Author = Auth; this.Title = Titl; this.PublisherName = PublishName; } public void getBook() { //System.out.println("*************BOOKS*************************"); System.out.println( "\n\nThe Author of the first Book is "+ this.Author ); System.out.println( "The Title of the book is "+ this.Title); System.out.println( "The Publisher of the book is "+ this.PublisherName ); // System.out.println( "The Edition of the book is "+ Edition ); } } class showBook{ static Book[] rentBooks = new Book[5]; static Book[] rentBooks2 = new Book[5]; static int a,b; //for ( a=0; a < 5; a++ ) //rentBooks2[a] = new Book(); public static void main(String[] args) { File file = new File("Book2.txt"); //Book libraryBooks = new Book(); int j; //initialise Array Class Objects for( j = 0; j < 5; j++) { rentBooks[j] = new Book(); } int i = 0; try{ Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file); scanner.useDelimiter(","); String loan=""; int loan2; while( scanner.hasNextLine()) { //Should the Books be Stored in An Array? // At the moment you have separate objects stored in unknown location String Author = scanner.next(); String Title = scanner.next(); String PublisherName = scanner.next(); if ( i < 4) { System.out.println(i); rentBooks[i].setBook(Author, Title, PublisherName); rentBooks[i].getBook(); // MEMBERS SHOWN i++; } public class readBook4{ public static void main(String[] args) { int number =0; System.out.println( "Please select one of the choices below " ); System.out.println( "Select option 1 to list all items in the library "); System.out.println( "Select option 2 to list the items by category"); System.out.println( "Select option 3 to choose item available in the library "); System.out.println( "Select option 7 to exit " ); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader( System.in); BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader( isr); String input = ""; try { input = buffer.readLine(); number = Integer.parseInt(input); //int number = Integer.parseInt( Edition); if ( number == 1 ) { System.out.println( " \nThanks you are reading "+ input); //showStudent.main(args); showPeriodical.main(args); showDVD.main(args); // showBook.main(args); } if ( number == 2 ) { //jht.cls(); int number2; System.out.println( "Please select one of the choices below " ); System.out.println( "Select option 4 to list Books only "); System.out.println( "Select option 5 to list the Periodicals only"); System.out.println( "Select option 6 to list DVDs only"); InputStreamReader isr2 = new InputStreamReader(System.in); BufferedReader buffer2 = new BufferedReader(isr2); String input2 = ""; try { input2 = buffer2.readLine(); buffer.close(); } catch(IOException e) { System.out.println("An input error has occured"); } //System.out.println("Thanks, you are reading" + input2); number2 = Integer.parseInt(input2); if ( number2 == 4 ) { showBook.main(args); } if ( number2 == 5 ) { showPeriodical.main(args); } if ( number2 == 6 ) { showDVD.main(args); } // readBook4.main(args); } if( number == 3 ) { //showBook.main(args); showBook.availableBooks(); showDVD.availableDVD(); showPeriodical.availablePeriodical(); } if ( number == 7 ) { showStudent.main(args); } buffer.close(); } catch( IOException e ) { System.out.println( " An input error has occured "); } //System.out.println( " \nThanks you are reading "+ input); } } } //buffer.close(); scanner.close(); } catch( FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("File not Found"); } for ( i=0; i < 5; i++ ) rentBooks[i].getBook(); //ARRAY NOT SHOWN } }

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  • redimension multidimensional arrays in Excel VBA [migrated]

    - by user147178
    Take a look at the following code. What my problem is is that I can't figure out how to redimension the n integer and the b integer. What I'm doing is the array sent1 is already working and it is populated with about 4 sentences. I need to go through each sentence and work on it but I'm having trouble. dim sent1() dim sent2() dim n as integer, b as integer, x as integer dim temp_sent as string b = 0 For n = 1 to ubound(sent1) temp_sent = sent1(n) for x = 1 to len(temp_sent1) code if a then b = b + 1 THIS IS THE PART OF THE CODE THAT IS NOT WORKING redim preserve sent2(1 to ubound(sent1), b) sent2(n,b) = [code] next next

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  • Arrays and For Loop [closed]

    - by java
    I wrote this code: import java.io.*; public class dictionary { public static void main(String args[]) { String[] MyArrayE=new String[5]; String[] MyArrayS=new String[5]; String[] MyArrayA=new String[5]; MyArrayE[0]="Language"; MyArrayE[1]="Computer"; MyArrayE[2]="Engineer"; MyArrayE[3]="Home"; MyArrayE[4]="Table"; MyArrayS[0]="Lingua"; MyArrayS[1]="Computador"; MyArrayS[2]="Ing."; MyArrayS[3]="Casa"; MyArrayS[4]="Mesa"; System.out.println("Please enter a word"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String word= null; try { word= br.readLine(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Error!"); System.exit(1); } System.out.println("Your word is " + word); for(int i=0; i<MyArrayA.length; i++) { if(word.equals(MyArrayS[i])) { System.out.println(MyArrayE[i]); } } } } My Question: What about if the user inputs a word not in MyArrayS, I want to check that and print a statement like "Word does not exist". I think that it might look like: if(word!=MyArrayS) { System.out.println("Word does not exist"); }

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  • Drawing with element array in OpenGL ES

    - by FatalMojo
    Hello! I am trying to use OpenGLES to draw a x by y matrix of squares about an arbitrary point. I have an array sideVertice[] that holds a series of vertex structs defined as such typedef struct { GLfloat x; GLfloat y; GLfloat z; } Vertex3D; and an element array defined as such GLubyte elementArray[]; my draw loop is as such glLoadIdentity(); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, cube.sideVertice); for (int i=0; i<((cube.cubeSize + 1)*(cube.cubeSize + 1)); i++) { for (int j=0; j<=3; j++) { elementArray[j] = j + i*4; glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, elementArray); } } for (int i=0; i<=3; i++) elementArray[i] = i; However, the visual output is corrupted and I cannot figure out what the problem is. here is an output of the vertice held in the array: 2010-04-15 23:44:48.816 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[0][0] x:-26.000000 y:1.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.817 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[1][1] x:-26.000000 y:26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.826 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[2][2] x:-1.000000 y:1.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.829 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[3][3] x:-1.000000 y:26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.830 RubixGL[4203:20b] Next Face 2010-04-15 23:44:48.830 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[0][4] x:1.000000 y:1.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.832 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[1][5] x:1.000000 y:26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.837 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[2][6] x:26.000000 y:1.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.838 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[3][7] x:26.000000 y:26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.848 RubixGL[4203:20b] Next Face 2010-04-15 23:44:48.849 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[0][8] x:-26.000000 y:-26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.850 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[1][9] x:-26.000000 y:-1.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.851 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[2][10] x:-1.000000 y:-26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.852 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[3][11] x:-1.000000 y:-1.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.853 RubixGL[4203:20b] Next Face 2010-04-15 23:44:48.853 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[0][12] x:1.000000 y:-26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.854 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[1][13] x:1.000000 y:-1.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.854 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[2][14] x:26.000000 y:-26.000000 2010-04-15 23:44:48.855 RubixGL[4203:20b] vertex[3][15] x:26.000000 y:-1.000000 any ideas?

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  • Vertex Buffers in opengl

    - by JB
    I'm making a small 3d graphics game/demo for personal learning. I know d3d9 and quite a bit about d3d11 but little about opengl at the moment so I'm intending to abstract out the actual rendering of the graphics so that my scene graph and everything "above" it needs to know little about how to actually draw the graphics. I intend to make it work with d3d9 then add d3d11 support and finally opengl support. Just as a learning exercise to learn about 3d graphics and abstraction. I don't know much about opengl at this point though, and don't want my abstract interface to expose anything that isn't simple to implement in opengl. Specifically I'm looking at vertex buffers. In d3d they are essentially an array of structures, but looking at the opengl interface the equivalent seems to be vertex arrays. However these seem to be organised rather differently where you need a separate array for vertices, one for normals, one for texture coordinates etc and set the with glVertexPointer, glTexCoordPointer etc. I was hoping to be able to implement a VertexBuffer interface much like the the directx one but it looks like in d3d you have an array of structures and in opengl you need a separate array for each element which makes finding a common abstraction quite hard to make efficient. Is there any way to use opengl in a similar way to directx? Or any suggestions on how to come up with a higher level abstraction that will work efficiently with both systems?

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  • PHP: Extending static member arrays

    - by tstenner
    I'm having the following scenario: class A { public static $arr=array(1,2); } class B extends A { public static $arr=array(3,4); } Is there any way to combine these 2 arrays so B::$arr is 1,2,3,4? I don't need to alter these arrays, but I can't declare them als const, as PHP doesn't allow const arrays.http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask The PHP manual states, that I can only assign strings and constants, so parent::$arr + array(1,2) won't work, but I think it should be possible to do this.

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  • How to implement arrays in an interpreter?

    - by Ray
    I have managed to write several interpreters including Tokenizing Parsing, including more complicated expressions such as ((x+y)*z)/2 Building bytecode from syntax trees Actual bytecode execution What I didn't manage: Implementation of dictionaries/lists/arrays. I always got stuck with getting multiple values into one variable. My value structure (used for all values passed around, including variables) looks like this, for example: class Value { public: ValueType type; int integerValue; string stringValue; } Works fine with integers and strings, but how could I implement arrays? (From now on with array I mean arrays in my experimental language, not in C++) How can I fit the array concept into the Value class above? Is it possible? How should I make arrays able to be passed around just as you could pass around integers and strings in my language, using the class above? Accessing array elements or memory allocation wouldn't be the problem, I just don't know how to store them.

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  • C# Custom Control Properties load before Load and arrays are empties

    - by Wildhorn
    Hello, I made a custom control with custom properties. When I modify these properties in the "Form.cs [Design]", I need stuff to happens (it fill some arrays and modify the look of the control), so I call a function within the "set" of the property. All of this works good. My problem is that when I run the program with my custom control, it seems that properties "set" is called, which will call the function, but then, my arrays seems now to have lost all their values and the function use these arrays, but now because they are all empty, it crashes due to NullException blahblahblah. It also seems that properties "set" is called before the control Load (which I guess is called only when it is added to my Form, and not when the Form load). So question is, why does my arrays become empty once I try to run the Form and is there an event that is called before that when the Form load? Thanks

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  • Array of Arrays - writing to File problem

    - by iFloh
    Hi, and again my array of arrays ... I try to improve my app performance by buffering arrays on file for later reuse. I have an NSMutableArray that contains about 30 NSMutableArrays with NSNumber, NSDate and NSString Objects. I try to write the file using this call: bool result = [myArray writeToFile:[fileMethods getFullPath:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"iEts%@.arr", [aDate shortDateString]]] atomically:NO]; = result = FALSE. The Path method is: + (NSString *) getFullPath:(NSString *)forFileName { NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0]; return [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:forFileName]; } and the aDate call returns a shortDateString with ddMMyy. The NSLog NSLog(@"%@", [fileMethods getFullPath:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"iEts%@.arr", [aDate shortDateString]]]); on the path generation returns: /Users/me/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/User/Applications/86729620-EC1D-4C10-A799-0C638BB27933/Documents/iEts010510.arr FURTHER: It must have something to do with the Array of Arrays, since I also write 3 further simple arrays (containing NSStrings) that all succeed. The Array of Arrays gets generated using the addObject method Any ideas what could cause the trouble?

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