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• Trouble Connecting to Virtual Machine after IP address Change

  - by David

  I have a VMware image running a copy of Fedora 11 which is hosted on a remote server. The remote server recently had its IP address change. I'm now unable to connect to my virtual machine. The server admin assures me that my virtual machine is running and assigned the new IP address. I have checked the firewalls and had the remote admin restart the VM instance. Neither of these fixed the problem. How do I troubleshoot a remote server which I am unable to SSH to? I'm actually even unable to ping the remote IP (connection timed out).

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• Net send question

  - by somacore

  I'm on a work laptop. If I do a 'net send' to all computers on the domain while not VPN'd into the network, and it says it's successful, one of the following is true: It failed, but thinks it's successful, and it won't send anything. It failed, but it will send next time it's on the work domain. I know I was off the domain when I sent it (I made sure of that first). What will happen?

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• Best way to troubleshoot intermittent network outages?

  - by Ben Scheirman

  We have a Comcast 50/10 line into our office. We keep seeing very short but sometimes frequent drops in our internet service. It's enough to kick you off of skype and stop any websites from loading, which is obviously affecting our productivity. We've tried 4 different routers, we've tried moving everyone off of wireless and onto wired via a switch and so far nothing has helped. Right now we're on a Cisco SB WRP400-G1 router. Attached to the router is a 16 port switch going to the ports in all of the offices. We've moved to OpenDNS in the case that it was the comcast DNS servers going down. Today we tried putting the modem, router, and switch on a UPS to make sure it wasn't power fluctuations that was causing it. Every time we call Comcast, by the time they are here the internet is working fine. I'd like to somehow prove that the problem is with Comcast, so if that means plugging in a machine directly into their router and collecting data all day, I'm up for that. I just want to hear ideas on what tools to run and how to collect this data. I could just continuously ping google.com all day long but I'm not sure how valuable that data would be. Thoughts?

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• Setting up virtualbox for outside access

  - by Morgan Green

  I have a computer running a server that my subdomain on my shared hosting account points to. IE subdomain.mydomain.org goes to my home server. Now then; what I'm wanting to do is be able to access my VirtualBox servers through that subdomain and a different port. E.G Ubuntu Virtual Box Server 1 Username:Ubuntuhost1 Password:MyUbuntuHost1 Port:4000 Internal IP: 192.168.1.60 External IP: 24.29.138.45 Ubuntu Virtual Box Server 2 Username:UbuntuHost2 Password:MyUbuntuHost2 Port:4001 Internal IP: 192.168.1.61 External IP: 24.29.138.45 Now I want to be able to access RDP number 1 through Port 4000, but if I access Port 4001 it will connect to the server on port 4001; both using the same subdomain. The next issue is the fact that even though I know what the IP addresses are on the router for the virtualbox hosts through ifconfig it doesn't change the fact that they don't show up on the router. If anyone knows how to configure this to work please help me out because I've been racking my brain to the highest extent I can. Alright; here's an edit to clarify more; Sorry. My ports on the router are edited to forward Port 4000 on Internal IP 192.168.1.63 (My Ubuntu Internal IP address) Now when I go to my Router Home Page my VirtualBox Internal IP Address doesn't show on the attached device listings, so I set up port forwarding anyways to the VirtualBox Internal IP. My end goal is when I connect to mydomain.org and I connect through port 3389 it takes me to my host computers server, but if I put in mydomain.org and go through port 4000 it's going to redirect to my VirtualBox server; Is this even possible? Sorry; I'm trying to clarify the most I think I can I just don't know how else to explain my issue.

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• Security of a free public VPN service

  - by Mark Belli

  I just started using VPNBOOK, which is a (very efficent) free VPN solution. I have a question: VPNBOOK user and pass used to connect to their vpn network are publicily available on their homepage; everybody uses them to connect to the vpn. Can a user intercept my wifi traffic and: Understand that my connections are directed to VPNBOOK servers. If point 1 is successful, then they could use VPNBOOK public user and pass to decrypt my traffic? I hope I am missing something, otherwise it would be a very big weakness and I would revert to a paid service (with a private account)

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• Moving files from Public folder to C: takes a minute, even though they are same hard drive and same

  - by Jian Lin

  I have a big file, like 2GB, and would like to move it from Network -> Bookroom -> Users -> Public (this is the computer in the bookroom in the house) to c:\myfiles and they are actually on the SAME hard drive (and same partition). But copying still takes a minute or so? I thought if on the same hard drive and partition, then it is a "move" and it should take 2, 3 seconds only. that public folder also is \\Bookroom\Users\Public Update: Sorry, I actually mean "move" all the way... so it is not copy but move. So that's why I thought it should take 2, 3 seconds only.

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• Keep source IP after NAT

  - by John Miller

  Until today I used a cheapy router so I can share my internet connection and keep a webserver online too, while using NAT. Users IP ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) was fine, I was seeing class A IPs of users. But as traffic grown up everyday, I had to install a Linux Server (Debian) to share my Internet Connection, because my old router couldn't keep the traffic anymore. I shared the internet via IPTABLES using NAT, but now, after forwarding port 80 to my webserver, now instead of seeing real users IP, I see my Gateway IP (Linux Internal IP) as any user IP Address. How to solve this issue? I edited my post, so I can paste the rules I'm currently using. #!/bin/sh #I made a script to set the rules #I flush everything here. iptables --flush iptables --table nat --flush iptables --delete-chain iptables --table nat --delete-chain iptables -F iptables -X # I drop everything as a general rule, but this is disabled under testing # iptables -P INPUT DROP # iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # these are the loopback rules iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # here I set the SSH port rules, so I can connect to my server iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 513:65535 --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 --dport 513:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # These are the forwards for 80 port iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -s 0/0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.42.3:80 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.42.3 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -s 192.168.42.3 --sport 80 -j ACCEPT # These are the forwards for bind/dns iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp -s 0/0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx --dport 53 -j DNAT --to 192.168.42.3:53 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.42.3 iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -s 192.168.42.3 --sport 53 -j ACCEPT # And these are the rules so I can share my internet connection iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0:1 -j ACCEPT If I delete the MASQUERADE part, I see my real IP while echoing it with PHP, but I don't have internet. How to do, to have internet and see my real IP while ports are forwarded too? ** xx.xx.xx.xx - is my public IP. I hid it for security reasons.

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• Wake-on-lan only works so many times

  - by Chance

  I have Wake-on-lan configured on my Windows XP machine so that the computer will wake up from Standby. Waking the computer from Standby via network traffic seems to work a certain number of times, say 4 or 5, then it stops working. If I restart the computer it seems to reset this behavior so that I can use WOL a few more times before it starts working. I use the command "wol" on my other, Linux machine with the appropriate IP address and MAC address of the card. I looked at the network card to see if it had different lights when WOL worked and when it didn't. When it has a solid amber light where the ethernet cable connects, WOL seems to work. When it has a flashing amber light, WOL does not. It seems that the system seems to almost "shut off" the card when it falls to sleep, but I don't know if this is a function of time or number of standby/wakeups. I have a 3Com 3c920 network card. If I look at the properties in Device Manager, I have "Allow this Device to bring the Computer out of Standby" checked. In the Advanced tab I have anything related to RWU (Remote Wake Up) enabled. I also believe I have the appropriate settings in BIOS related to Remote Wake-Up and I have tried both S1 and S3 power configurations in the BIOS. Intuitively, I would think I would uncheck "Allow the Computer to turn off this device to save power", but doing so disables the "Allow this Device to bring the Computer out of Standby" option. Does anyone know what is happening here or if there is a way to fix it? I have an integrated network card; would getting one that goes into a slot be better? I am running Windows XP on a Dell Optiplex GX240 with a 3Com 3c920 network card.

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• Should I quit using Ifconfig?

  - by Zhen

  With the servers that mount Infiniband cards, when I use the ifconfig command I have the warning: Ifconfig uses the ioctl access method to get the full address information, which limits hardware addresses to 8 bytes. Because Infiniband address has 20 bytes, only the first 8 bytes are displayed correctly. Ifconfig is obsolete! For replacement check ip. Should I quit using ifconfig? It is deprecated in favor of ip command? Or it will be update in the near future.

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• Gmail outage only on one computer

  - by user123079

  Problem: Gmail (and only Gmail) quits working for a period of 5-10 mins only on one computer. Problem occurs several times daily Does not appear to be any "triggering event" - user is simply using Gmail normally when the problem arises User can access their Gmail from other computers on same LAN User can access all other sites, including other Google sites, from affected computer After several mins of outage, Gmail will spontaneously resume normal operation on affected computer The problem occurs in all browsers (Chrome, FF, Safari) Computer: MacBook Pro, OSX 10.7.3, latest browsers I find this very baffling. Any advice welcome.

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• Configuring network route between two routers on home network

  - by Paul

  I have a home network - the main router connected to the internet (and has wifi) is a Netopia box. Connected to it is a Linksys router. Everything currently works - I can connect via the wireless network and get to the internet. Machines connected to the Linksys can connect with each other and connect to the internet. Both routers are configured to serve addresses via DHCP (Netopia 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.99), Linksys (192.168.0.1 - 192.168.0.100). Here's how they are connected: Internet <-> Netopia w/wifi (192.168.1.254) <-> Linksys (192.168.0.1) I decided I really need to allow wireless connections to also communicate with machines behind the Linksys router. Currently the Linksys is configured to obtain an IP address via DHCP. I thought this would be straightforward. I configured the Linksys to have a static IP address: IP: 192.168.1.100 Mask: 255.255.255.0 GW: 192.168.1.254 Then I configured a static route on the Netopia: Network: 192.168.0.0 Mask: 255.255.255.0 GW: 192.168.1.100 So it should now look like this: Internet <-> Netopia w/wifi (192.168.1.254) <-> (192.168.1.100) Linksys (192.168.0.1) I reset both routers. I cannot ping the Netopia (192.168.1.254) from inside the Linksys network, and if I attempt to ping 192.168.0.1 from a wifi connection I get a "Destination host not available" error. Obviously I'm missing something, but I'm not sure where. Any ideas on what I'm missing?

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• Distribute outgoing connections among multiple IPs configured on the same NIC

  - by cedivad

  I have a NIC with 2 aliases on it. The network interface has 3 IPs configured on it. Think about it like this: i can ping the same server by hitting .100 .101 and .102. I want the source address of the outgoing connections to be distributed among these ip. So if i have 3 opened connections, one connection will have result as having an IP address ending with .100, the other two should result as having as ip addresses .101 and .102. I'm using FreeBSD but I think this question to be Linux-Like wide.

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• Second network card configuration not working.

  - by Sebas

  I have 4 servers running Centos 5. All of them have two ethernet network cards. I have configured 192.168.1.x IP addresses on their eth0 card. They are all connected to the same switch using their eth0 card and they are all working. I have configured 10.72.11.x IP addresses on their eth1 card.They are all connected to the same switch - a different one from the switch used with eth0 card - using their eth1 card and they are NOT all working. Their configuration files is like: DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.72.11.236 BROADCAST=10.72.11.191 NETMASK=255.255.255.192 NETWORK=10.72.11.128 HWADDR=84:2B:2B:55:4B:98 IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes ONBOOT=yes The interfase is starting and configured as I need. [root@sql1 network-scripts]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 84:2B:2B:55:4B:97 inet addr:192.168.1.105 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::862b:2bff:fe55:4b97/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2981 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:319 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:386809 (377.7 KiB) TX bytes:66134 (64.5 KiB) Interrupt:36 Memory:da000000-da012800 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 84:2B:2B:55:4B:98 inet addr:10.72.11.236 Bcast:10.72.11.191 Mask:255.255.255.192 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) Interrupt:48 Memory:dc000000-dc012800 I also added a route-eth1 file that looks like: 10.0.0.0/8 via 10.72.11.254 Routing looks fine to me: [root@sql1 network-scripts]# netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 10.72.11.192 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.0.0 10.72.11.254 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 But I cannot ping one server from the other. [root@sql1 network-scripts]# ping 10.72.11.235 PING 10.72.11.235 (10.72.11.235) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 10.72.11.235 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 6033ms , pipe 3 What am I doing wrong?

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• dd-wrt switch for PfSense

  - by Kmao

  I currently have eth2 on my pfsense set up, and configured as 192.168.1.1, it has dhcp setup with allocation being 192.168.1.10 - 192.168.1.245. On my dd-wrt box, i disabled the WAN, and set it to act as a port for the switch. I disabled dhcp, dnsmasq, spi firewall, Wlan0 and set a static IP for the router being 192.168.1.10 Pfsense is plugged into lan0 and pc plugged into lan1 (wan port is empty) I have followed a few different guides, but i can't seem to get my router to act as a switch. Anyone have success using DD-WRT as a switch while using pfsense as your dhcp/dns/gateway. Any advice would help :)

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• How to use Public IP in case of two ISP when two differs from each other

  - by user1471995

  Please bare with my long explanation but this is important to explain the actual problem. Please also pardon my knowledge with PFsense as i am new to this. I have single PFSense box with 3 Ethernet adapter. Before moving to configuration for these, i want to let you know i have two Ethernet based Internet Leased Line Connectivity let's call them ISP A and ISP B. Then last inetrface is LAN which is connected to network switch. Typical network diagram ISP A ----- PFSense ----> Switch ---- > Servers ISP B ----- ISP A (Initially Purchased) WAN IP:- 113.193.X.X /29 Gateway IP :- 113.193.X.A and other 4 usable public IP in same subnet(So the gateway for those IP are also same). ISP B (Recently Purchased) WAN IP:- 115.115.X.X /30 Gateway IP :- 115.115.X.B and other 5 usable public IP in different subnet(So the gateway for those IP is different), for example if 115.119.X.X2 is one of the IP from that list then the gateway for this IP is 115.119.X.X1. Configuration for 3 Interfaces Interface : WAN Network Port : nfe0 Type : Static IP Address : 113.193.X.X /29 Gateway : 113.193.X.A Interface : LAN Network Port : vr0 Type : Static IP Address : 192.168.1.1 /24 Gateway : None Interface : RELWAN Network Port : rl0 Type : Static IP Address : 115.115.X.X /30 (I am not sure of the subnet) Gateway : 115.115.X.B To use Public IP from ISP A i have done following steps a) Created Virtual IP using either ARP or IP Alias. b) Using Firewall: NAT: Port Forward i have created specific natting from one public IP to my internal Lan private IP for example :- WAN TCP/UDP * * 113.193.X.X1 53 (DNS) 192.168.1.5 53 (DNS) WAN TCP/UDP * * 113.193.X.X1 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.5 80 (HTTP) WAN TCP * * 113.193.X.X2 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.7 80 (HTTP) etc., c) Current state for Firewall: NAT: Outbound is Manual and whatever default rule are defined for the WAN those are only present. d) If this section in relevant then for Firewall: Rules at WAN tab then following default rule has been generated. * RFC 1918 networks * * * * * Block private networks * Reserved/not assigned by IANA * * * * * * To use Public IP from ISP B i have done following steps a) Created Virtual IP using either ARP or IP Alias. b) Using Firewall: NAT: Port Forward i have created specific natting from one public IP to my internal Lan private IP for example :- RELWAN TCP/UDP * * 115.119.116.X.X1 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.11 80 (HTTP) c) Current state for Firewall: NAT: Outbound is Manual and whatever default rule are defined for the RELWAN those are only present. d) If this section in relevant then for Firewall: Rules at RELWAN tab then following default rule has been generated. * RFC 1918 networks * * * * * * Reserved/not assigned by IANA * * * * * * Last thing before my actual query is to make you aware that to have multiple Wan setup i have done following steps a) Under System: Gateways at Groups Tab i have created new group as following MultipleGateway WANGW, RELWAN Tier 2,Tier 1 Multiple Gateway Test b) Then Under Firewall: Rules at LAN tab i have created a rule for internal traffic as follows * LAN net * * * MultipleGateway none c) This setup works if unplug first ISP traffic start routing using ISP 2 and vice-versa. Now my main query and problem is i am not able to use public IP address allocated by ISP B, i have tried many small tweaks but not successful in anyone. The notable difference between the two ISP is a) In case of ISP A there Public usable IP address are on same subnet so the gateway used for the WAN ip is same for the other public IP address. b) In case of ISP B there public usable IP address are on different subnet so the obvious the gateway IP for them is different from WAN gateway's IP. Please let me know how to use ISP B public usable IP address, in future also i am going to rely for more IPs from ISP B only.

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• Not able to access the server after changing the password?

  - by cyrilsebastian

  While accessing the server, the error comes: Multiple connections to a server or shared resource by the same user, using more than one user name, are not allowed. Disconnect all previous connections to the server or shared resource and try again. I am logging in from Administrator in XP machine, able to access server from other machines. Is there any problem with administrator profile??

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• XP/Intel wirelss only showing 'hpsetup' ad-hoc network that isn't there

  - by ewall

  Trying to help my friend with her work XP laptop, which recently stopped seeing any wireless SSIDs except the SSID 'hpsetup' (presumably from a wireless-enabled HP printer). Relevant information: The laptop is a Lenovo T500 (Centrino 2 chipset) with XP SP3. The network adapter is Intel WiFi Link 5300 AGN (built-in). The latest version (13.5) of the Intel drivers only are installed, not the Intel config software, so XP is using the Wireless Zero-Config manager. The wireless router is a NetGear WGR614 v7 with 802.11b/g. The SSID is broadcasting, and all the other laptops in the house can see and connect to it. On the laptop, I have tried repairing the network connection, disabling power management, turning off 802.11a & n radio, and more... but it didn't help. Some of the wireless settings are managed by Group Policy from her office (I get the "At least one of your changes was not applied successfully to your wireless configuration" message). It is enforced to connect to "Access point (infrastructure) networks only". The real kicker is that my laptop does not an SSID named 'hpsetup' here, but it can see several broadcasted SSIDs including the one we want, while my friend's laptop doesn't see any SSID except 'hpsetup'. Any suggestions?

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• Routing and Remote Access Port Mapping not applied to localhost

  - by Computer Guru

  Hi, I've set up Routing and Remote Access (Windows Server 2003) to forward publicip:80 to a server on the private internal network, and that's working great. Incoming requests from the internet to port 80 are correctly forwarded to our internal web server and everything is fine. However, requests on the server itself are not being forwarded. That is, if I open a console window and type "telnet publicip 80" from the server on publicip, the request is not forwarded to the private server. I understand that in RRAS I've mapped port 80 on the public interface to the private server and that's why it's not working; but I don't know how to configure it so that requests from the local PC are also forwarded to the private server. I'd appreciate any help or feedback on the matter. Thanks!

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• Access points fighting for dominance?

  - by Phillip Oldham

  We have a small office with a large number of wireless devices (a mixture of desktop machines, laptops, and wifi-enabled phones) all working from a single Apple Airport Extreme which extends our wired network. I've added another Airport Extreme for resiliency, since we've been seeing a decrease in performance and (as far as I understand) access points can only handle a small number of clients. I set the new AP to extend the current network so that the clients weren't constantly switching between different wireless networks, however as soon as this AP was configured all the wireless devices started seeing network trouble, flicking on and off. I'm assuming that this is because both APs are reasonably strong, and the client can't decide which to use. What is the best route to follow to resolve this? What I'm aiming for is wireless resiliency; preferably having two APs share the network load, or if this isn't an option then having a primary AP with a "fail-over", should the primary go down for any reason.

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• Wireless router setup for 1-1 NAT

  - by Carlos

  What I have: A linksys router WAG160N with firmware version 2 A "pool" of 5 external static IP's provided by my ISP 213.xx.xxx.n All the required configuration values for the static IPs such as (Subnet Mask, Gateway and static DNS 1, 2, 3) Current WAN Configuration: Encapsulation: RFC 2364 PPPoA Multiplexing: VC QoS type: UBR DSL modulation: MultiMode What's connected to the network: 1 x Server (That I want to make available to the outside) 5 x Desktops with static internal IP's, such as 192.168.0.xx 2 x Network printers, also with internal static IP's 2 x Laptops 1 x NAS (Network Attached Storage) also on static IP What I want to do: I would like to make the server available from outside the network, for example from your house. The problem is that Im not really sure how to do this. I have tried following the steps on the instruction manual in Linksys but they do not seem to work, once I set it up as shown bellow, I loose internet and all hell breaks loose. Going into further detail, I would prefer if the network is changed as little as possible, by this I mean that all the computers stay networked within eachother and only the server is accessible from the outside the network. What I need HELP with: I have read around that it is possible to set a 1-1 NAT (I know where it is in the menu but have no clue what it does...) so that I can NAT a single public IP directly to a single private IP (in our case the server). But please, How do I do that? Or maybe an alternative?

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• Tool to indicate type of network connection

  - by ggonsalv

  I know of whoami.exe. Is there a version called whereami.exe The output should be able to tell me if I am on a LAN, wireless or VPN. the machines would be running Windows Xp or better.

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• Speed up file access on home network

  - by kurasa

  I have 2 PCs (Windows 7 Ultimate) and a Mac running Windows 7 using vmware fusion on my home network tied together using WRN1000 NETGEAR Router On one of the PC's I have a set of file (MYOB .myo). These use a data source to access the data in the files. Operations (reading,writing) to the .myo on the PC which hosts the files is fine but the other 2 it is painfully slow/unreliable and I am wondering what I can do to speed this up. Some ideas I have are 1. Turn off the Windows firewall on all the windows installations on the home network 2. Buy another router. Specifically a router which I can connect a USB flash drive on the back where I can put the .myo files and all the PC can access the files from the USB flash drive on the router (does this speed things up?) Any advice greatly appreciated on how I can speed up this access to data

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• debian 6 losing a large amount of packets

  - by Sc0rian

  I have a rather strange problem. We covered all the obvious hardware related issues (different nic, eth cable and switch) however I cannot seem to stop eth dropping packets. I have 4 servers all exactly the same. driver: e1000e version: 1.2.20-k2 firmware-version: 1.8-0 bus-info: 0000:06:00.0 They are all running the latest kernel(2.6.32-5-amd64). However they do this: RX packets:17073870634 errors:0 dropped:14147208 overruns:0 frame:0 another server: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e0:69:95:05:2f:cb inet addr:10.10.10.86 Bcast:10.10.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5455209277 errors:0 dropped:375445 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3666134366 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6688414486673 (6.0 TiB) TX bytes:1611812171539 (1.4 TiB) Interrupt:20 Memory:d0600000-d0620000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1b:21:b7:7a:ce inet addr:10.10.0.86 Bcast:10.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:15473695728 errors:0 dropped:5808325 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:20112364421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:9192378766434 (8.3 TiB) TX bytes:20216368266761 (18.3 TiB) Interrupt:17 Memory:d0280000-d02a0000 A massive amount of dropped packets. I have tried to load on the latest driver, 1.9.5. This did nothing. I'm not sure what else to do.

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• TCP stops sending weirdly.

  - by Utoah

  In case to find out the cause of TCP retransmits on my Linux (RHEL, kernel 2.6.18) servers connecting to the same switch. I had a client-server pair send "Hello" to each other every 200us and captured the packets with tcpdump on the client machine. The command I used to mimic client and server are: while [ 0 ]; do echo "Hello"; usleep 200; done | nc server 18510 while [ 0 ]; do echo "Hello"; usleep 200; done | nc -l 18510 When the server machine was busy serving some other requests, the client suffered from abrupt retransmits occasionally. But the output of tcpdump seemed irrational. 16:04:58.898970 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 4531:4537(6) ack 3204 win 123 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778643 3452833828> 16:04:58.901797 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3204:3210(6) ack 4537 win 33 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452833831 1923778643> 16:04:58.901855 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 4537:4549(12) ack 3210 win 123 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778646 3452833831> 16:04:58.903871 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3210:3216(6) ack 4549 win 33 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452833833 1923778646> 16:04:58.903950 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 4549:4555(6) ack 3216 win 123 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778648 3452833833> 16:04:58.905796 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3216:3222(6) ack 4555 win 33 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452833835 1923778648> 16:04:58.905860 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 4555:4561(6) ack 3222 win 123 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778650 3452833835> 16:04:58.908903 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3222:3228(6) ack 4561 win 33 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452833838 1923778650> 16:04:58.908966 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 4561:4567(6) ack 3228 win 123 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778653 3452833838> 16:04:58.911855 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3228:3234(6) ack 4567 win 33 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452833841 1923778653> 16:04:59.112573 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3228:3234(6) ack 4567 win 33 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452834042 1923778653> 16:04:59.112648 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 4567:5161(594) ack 3234 win 123 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778857 3452834042> 16:04:59.112659 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3234:3672(438) ack 5161 win 35 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452834042 1923778857> 16:04:59.114427 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 5161:5167(6) ack 3672 win 126 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778858 3452834042> 16:04:59.114439 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3672:3678(6) ack 5167 win 35 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452834044 1923778858> 16:04:59.116435 IP server.18510 > client.34533: P 5167:5173(6) ack 3678 win 126 <nop,nop,timestamp 1923778860 3452834044> 16:04:59.116444 IP client.34533 > server.18510: P 3678:3684(6) ack 5173 win 35 <nop,nop,timestamp 3452834046 1923778860> Packet 3228:3234(6) from client was retransmitted due to ack timeout. What I could not understand was that the client machine did not send out any packets after the first 3228:3234(6) packets was sent. The server machine had advertised a window (scaled) large enough. The data transfer up to the retransmit was fine which meant no slow start should be in action. What can cause the client machine to stop sending until the packet timed out? BTW, I am unable to run tcpdump on the server machine.

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• Switch flooding when bonding interfaces in Linux

  - by John Philips

  +--------+ | Host A | +----+---+ | eth0 (AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA) | | +----+-----+ | Switch 1 | (layer2/3) +----+-----+ | +----+-----+ | Switch 2 | +----+-----+ | +----------+----------+ +-------------------------+ Switch 3 +-------------------------+ | +----+-----------+----+ | | | | | | | | | | eth0 (B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0) | | eth4 (B4:B4:B4:B4:B4:B4) | | +----+-----------+----+ | | | Host B | | | +----+-----------+----+ | | eth1 (B1:B1:B1:B1:B1:B1) | | eth5 (B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5) | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+ +------------------------------+ Topology overview Host A has a single NIC. Host B has four NICs which are bonded using the balance-alb mode. Both hosts run RHEL 6.0, and both are on the same IPv4 subnet. Traffic analysis Host A is sending data to Host B using some SQL database application. Traffic from Host A to Host B: The source int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA, the destination int/MAC is eth5/B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Traffic from Host B to Host A: The source int/MAC is eth0/B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0, the destination int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA. Once the TCP connection has been established, Host B sends no further frames out eth5. The MAC address of eth5 expires from the bridge tables of both Switch 1 & Switch 2. Switch 1 continues to receive frames from Host A which are destined for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Because Switch 1 and Switch 2 no longer have bridge table entries for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5, they flood the frames out all ports on the same VLAN (except for the one it came in on, of course). Reproduce If you ping Host B from a workstation which is connected to either Switch 1 or 2, B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5 re-enters the bridge tables and the flooding stops. After five minutes (the default bridge table timeout), flooding resumes. Question It is clear that on Host B, frames arrive on eth5 and exit out eth0. This seems ok as that's what the Linux bonding algorithm is designed to do - balance incoming and outgoing traffic. But since the switch stops receiving frames with the source MAC of eth5, it gets timed out of the bridge table, resulting in flooding. Is this normal? Why aren't any more frames originating from eth5? Is it because there is simply no other traffic going on (the only connection is a single large data transfer from Host A)? I've researched this for a long time and haven't found an answer. Documentation states that no switch changes are necessary when using mode 6 of the Linux interface bonding (balance-alb). Is this behavior occurring because Host B doesn't send any further packets out of eth5, whereas in normal circumstances it's expected that it would? One solution is to setup a cron job which pings Host B to keep the bridge table entries from timing out, but that seems like a dirty hack.

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