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• ubuntu precise high hard drive I/O

  - by pavolzetor

  on ubuntu precise, all apps starts slowly, and my hard drive is all time in use. What is the cause? it was never before, even nautilus takes a lot time to load, boot is also slower. top - 18:37:05 up 1:07, 1 user, load average: 2.03, 2.34, 2.25 Tasks: 182 total, 1 running, 180 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 30.2%us, 7.2%sy, 1.4%ni, 53.9%id, 7.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3941576k total, 3522048k used, 419528k free, 50156k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 1827640k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2508 pk 20 0 1018m 189m 28m S 4 4.9 22:28.04 plugin-containe 1290 root 20 0 82336 16m 1492 S 2 0.4 0:04.41 landscape-clien 1305 root 20 0 97280 22m 5584 S 2 0.6 0:01.57 landscape-manag 4201 pk 20 0 17328 1312 924 R 2 0.0 0:00.02 top 1 root 20 0 24436 2364 1268 S 0 0.1 0:00.68 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.45 ksoftirqd/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 watchdog/0 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.43 ksoftirqd/1 12 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/1 13 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset

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• MySQL 5.5 - Lost connection to MySQL server during query

  - by bully

  I have an Ubuntu 12.04 LTS server running at a german hoster (virtualized system). # uname -a Linux ... 3.2.0-27-generic #43-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 6 14:25:57 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux I want to migrate a Web CMS system, called Contao. It's not my first migration, but my first migration having connection issues with mysql. Migration went successfully, I have the same Contao version running (it's more or less just copy / paste). For the database behind, I did: apt-get install mysql-server phpmyadmin I set a root password and added a user for the CMS which has enough rights on its own database (and only its database) for doing the stuff it has to do. Data import via phpmyadmin worked just fine. I can access the backend of the CMS (which needs to deal with the database already). If I try to access the frontend now, I get the following error: Fatal error: Uncaught exception Exception with message Query error: Lost connection to MySQL server during query (<query statement here, nothing special, just a select>) thrown in /var/www/system/libraries/Database.php on line 686 (Keep in mind: I can access mysql with phpmyadmin and through the backend, working like a charme, it's just the frontend call causing errors). If I spam F5 in my browser I can sometimes even kill the mysql deamon. If I run # mysqld --log-warnings=2 I get this: ... 120921 7:57:31 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.24-0ubuntu0.12.04.1' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 (Ubuntu) 05:57:37 UTC - mysqld got signal 4 ; This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail. key_buffer_size=16777216 read_buffer_size=131072 max_used_connections=1 max_threads=151 thread_count=1 connection_count=1 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 346679 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. Thread pointer: 0x7f1485db3b20 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 7f1480041e60 thread_stack 0x30000 mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x29)[0x7f1483b96459] mysqld(handle_fatal_signal+0x483)[0x7f1483a5c1d3] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0xfcb0)[0x7f1482797cb0] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6(+0x42e11)[0x7f14821cae11] mysqld(_ZN10SQL_SELECT17test_quick_selectEP3THD6BitmapILj64EEyyb+0x1368)[0x7f1483b26cb8] mysqld(+0x33116a)[0x7f148397916a] mysqld(_ZN4JOIN8optimizeEv+0x558)[0x7f148397d3e8] mysqld(_Z12mysql_selectP3THDPPP4ItemP10TABLE_LISTjR4ListIS1_ES2_jP8st_orderSB_S2_SB_yP13select_resultP18st_select_lex_unitP13st_select_lex+0xdd)[0x7f148397fd7d] mysqld(_Z13handle_selectP3THDP3LEXP13select_resultm+0x17c)[0x7f1483985d2c] mysqld(+0x2f4524)[0x7f148393c524] mysqld(_Z21mysql_execute_commandP3THD+0x293e)[0x7f14839451de] mysqld(_Z11mysql_parseP3THDPcjP12Parser_state+0x10f)[0x7f1483948bef] mysqld(_Z16dispatch_command19enum_server_commandP3THDPcj+0x1365)[0x7f148394a025] mysqld(_Z24do_handle_one_connectionP3THD+0x1bd)[0x7f14839ec7cd] mysqld(handle_one_connection+0x50)[0x7f14839ec830] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0x7e9a)[0x7f148278fe9a] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d)[0x7f1481eba4bd] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort. Query (7f1464004b60): is an invalid pointer Connection ID (thread ID): 1 Status: NOT_KILLED From /var/log/syslog: Sep 21 07:17:01 s16477249 CRON[23855]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Sep 21 07:18:51 s16477249 kernel: [231923.349159] type=1400 audit(1348204731.333:70): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=23946 comm="apparmor_parser" Sep 21 07:18:53 s16477249 /etc/mysql/debian-start[23990]: Upgrading MySQL tables if necessary. Sep 21 07:18:53 s16477249 /etc/mysql/debian-start[23993]: /usr/bin/mysql_upgrade: the '--basedir' option is always ignored Sep 21 07:18:53 s16477249 /etc/mysql/debian-start[23993]: Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/bin/mysql Sep 21 07:18:53 s16477249 /etc/mysql/debian-start[23993]: Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/bin/mysqlcheck Sep 21 07:18:53 s16477249 /etc/mysql/debian-start[23993]: This installation of MySQL is already upgraded to 5.5.24, use --force if you still need to run mysql_upgrade Sep 21 07:18:53 s16477249 /etc/mysql/debian-start[24004]: Checking for insecure root accounts. Sep 21 07:18:53 s16477249 /etc/mysql/debian-start[24009]: Triggering myisam-recover for all MyISAM tables I'm using MyISAM tables all over, nothing with InnoDB there. Starting / stopping mysql is done via sudo service mysql start sudo service mysql stop After using google a little bit, I experimented a little bit with timeouts, correct socket path in the /etc/mysql/my.cnf file, but nothing helped. There are some old (from 2008) Gentoo bugs, where re-compiling just solved the problem. I already re-installed mysql via: sudo apt-get remove mysql-server mysql-common sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get install mysql-server without any results. This is the first time I'm running into this problem, and I'm not very experienced with this kind of mysql 'administration'. So mainly, I want to know if anyone of you could help me out please :) Is it a mysql bug? Is something broken in the Ubuntu repositories? Is this one of those misterious 'use-tcp-connection-instead-of-socket-stuff-because-there-are-problems-on-virtualized-machines-with-sockets'-problem? Or am I completly on the wrong way and I just miss-configured something? Remember, phpmyadmin and access to the backend (which uses the database, too) is just fine. Maybe something with Apache? What can I do? Any help is appreciated, so thanks in advance :)

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• Enable Automatic Code First Migrations On SQL Database in Azure Web Sites

  - by Steve Michelotti

  Now that Azure supports .NET Framework 4.5, you can use all the latest and greatest available features. A common scenario is to be able to use Entity Framework Code First Migrations with a SQL Database in Azure. Prior to Code First Migrations, Entity Framework provided database initializers. While convenient for demos and prototypes, database initializers weren’t useful for much beyond that because, if you delete and re-create your entire database when the schema changes, you lose all of your operational data. This is the void that Migrations are meant to fill. For example, if you add a column to your model, Migrations will alter the database to add the column rather than blowing away the entire database and re-creating it from scratch. Azure is becoming increasingly easier to use – especially with features like Azure Web Sites. Being able to use Entity Framework Migrations in Azure makes deployment easier than ever. In this blog post, I’ll walk through enabling Automatic Code First Migrations on Azure. I’ll use the Simple Membership provider for my example. First, we’ll create a new Azure Web site called “migrationstest” including creating a new SQL Database along with it:   Next we’ll go to the web site and download the publish profile:   In the meantime, we’ve created a new MVC 4 website in Visual Studio 2012 using the “Internet Application” template. This template is automatically configured to use the Simple Membership provider. We’ll do our initial Publish to Azure by right-clicking our project and selecting “Publish…”. From the “Publish Web” dialog, we’ll import the publish profile that we downloaded in the previous step:   Once the site is published, we’ll just click the “Register” link from the default site. Since the AccountController is decorated with the [InitializeSimpleMembership] attribute, the initializer will be called and the initial database is created.   We can verify this by connecting to our SQL Database on Azure with SQL Management Studio (after making sure that our local IP address is added to the list of Allowed IP Addresses in Azure): One interesting note is that these tables got created with the default Entity Framework initializer – which is to create the database if it doesn’t already exist. However, our database did already exist! This is because there is a new feature of Entity Framework 5 where Code First will add tables to an existing database as long as the target database doesn’t contain any of the tables from the model. At this point, it’s time to enable Migrations. We’ll open the Package Manger Console and execute the command: PM> Enable-Migrations -EnableAutomaticMigrations This will enable automatic migrations for our project. Because we used the "-EnableAutomaticMigrations” switch, it will create our Configuration class with a constructor that sets the AutomaticMigrationsEnabled property set to true: 1: public Configuration() 2: { 3: AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true; 4: } We’ll now add our initial migration: PM> Add-Migration Initial This will create a migration class call “Initial” that contains the entire model. But we need to remove all of this code because our database already exists so we are just left with empty Up() and Down() methods. 1: public partial class Initial : DbMigration 2: { 3: public override void Up() 4: { 5: } 6: 7: public override void Down() 8: { 9: } 10: } If we don’t remove this code, we’ll get an exception the first time we attempt to run migrations that tells us: “There is already an object named 'UserProfile' in the database”. This blog post by Julie Lerman fully describes this scenario (i.e., enabling migrations on an existing database). Our next step is to add the Entity Framework initializer that will automatically use Migrations to update the database to the latest version. We will add these 2 lines of code to the Application_Start of the Global.asax: 1: Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<UsersContext, Configuration>()); 2: new UsersContext().Database.Initialize(false); Note the Initialize() call will force the initializer to run if it has not been run before. At this point, we can publish again to make sure everything is still working as we are expecting. This time we’re going to specify in our publish profile that Code First Migrations should be executed:   Once we have re-published we can once again navigate to the Register page. At this point the database has not been changed but Migrations is now enabled on our SQL Database in Azure. We can now customize our model. Let’s add 2 new properties to the UserProfile class – Email and DateOfBirth: 1: [Table("UserProfile")] 2: public class UserProfile 3: { 4: [Key] 5: [DatabaseGeneratedAttribute(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)] 6: public int UserId { get; set; } 7: public string UserName { get; set; } 8: public string Email { get; set; } 9: public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; } 10: } At this point all we need to do is simply re-publish. We’ll once again navigate to the Registration page and, because we had Automatic Migrations enabled, the database has been altered (*not* recreated) to add our 2 new columns. We can verify this by once again looking at SQL Management Studio:   Automatic Migrations provide a quick and easy way to keep your database in sync with your model without the worry of having to re-create your entire database and lose data. With Azure Web Sites you can set up automatic deployment with Git or TFS and automate the entire process to make it dead simple.

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• Adopting DBVCS

  - by Wes McClure

  Identify early adopters Pick a small project with a small(ish) team.  This can be a legacy application or a green-field application. Strive to find a team of early adopters that will be eager to try something new. Get the team on board! Research Research the tool(s) that you want to use.  Some tools provide all of the features you would need while some only provide a slice of the pie.  DBVCS requires the ability to manage a set of change scripts that update a database from one version to the next.  Ideally a tool can track database versions and automatically apply updates.  The change script generation process can be manual, but having diff tools available to automatically generate it can really reduce the overhead to adoption.  Finally, an automated tool to generate a script file per database object is an added bonus as your version control system can quickly identify what was changed in a commit (add/del/modify), just like with code changes. Don’t settle on just one tool, identify several.  Then work with the team to evaluate the tools.  Have the team do some tests of the following scenarios with each tool: Baseline an existing database: can the migration tool work with legacy databases?  Caution: most migration platforms do not support baselines or have poor support, especially the fad of fluent APIs. Add/drop tables Add/drop procedures/functions/views Alter tables (rename columns, add columns, remove columns) Massage data – migrations sometimes involve changing data types that cannot be implicitly casted and require you to decide how the data is explicitly cast to the new type.  This is a requirement for a migrations platform.  Think about a case where you might want to combine fields, or move a field from one table to another, you wouldn’t want to lose the data. Run the tool via the command line.  If you cannot automate the tool in Continuous Integration what is the point? Create a copy of a database on demand. Backup/restore databases locally. Let the team give feedback and decide together, what tool they would like to try out. My recommendation at this point would be to include TSqlMigrations and RoundHouse as SQL based migration platforms.  In general I would recommend staying away from the fluent platforms as they often lack baseline capabilities and add overhead to learn a new API when SQL is already a very well known DSL.  Code migrations often get messy with procedures/views/functions as these have to be created with SQL and aren’t cross platform anyways.  IMO stick to SQL based migrations. Reconciling Production If your project is a legacy application, you will need to reconcile the current state of production with your development databases.  Find changes in production and bring them down to development, even if they are old and need to be removed.  Once complete, produce a baseline of either dev or prod as they are now in sync.  Commit this to your VCS of choice. Add whatever schema changes tracking mechanism your tool requires to your development database.  This often requires adding a table to track the schema version of that database.  Your tool should support doing this for you.  You can add this table to production when you do your next release. Script out any changes currently in dev.  Remove production artifacts that you brought down during reconciliation.  Add change scripts for any outstanding changes in dev since the last production release.  Commit these to your repository.   Say No to Shared Dev DBs Simply put, you wouldn’t dream of sharing a code checkout, why would you share a development database?  If you have a shared dev database, back it up, distribute the backups and take the shared version offline (including the dev db server once all projects are using DB VCS).  Doing DB VCS with a shared database is bound to cause problems as people won’t be able to easily script out their own changes from those that others are working on.   First prod release Copy prod to your beta/testing environment.  Add the schema changes table (or mechanism) and do a test run of your changes.  If successful you can schedule this to be run on production.   Evaluation After your first release, evaluate the pain points of the process.  Try to find tools or modifications to existing tools to help fix them.  Don’t leave stones unturned, iteratively evolve your tools and practices to make the process as seamless as possible.  This is why I suggest open source alternatives.  Nothing is set in stone, a good example was adding transactional support to TSqlMigrations.  We ran into situations where an update would break a database, so I added a feature to do transactional updates and rollback on errors!  Another good example is generating change scripts.  We have been manually making these for months now.  I found an open source project called Open DB Diff and integrated this with TSqlMigrations.  These were things we just accepted at the time when we began adopting our tool set.  Once we became comfortable with the base functionality, it was time to start automating more of the process.  Just like anything else with development, never be afraid to try to find tools to make your job easier!   Enjoy -Wes

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• Availability Best Practices on Oracle VM Server for SPARC

  - by jsavit

  This is the first of a series of blog posts on configuring Oracle VM Server for SPARC (also called Logical Domains) for availability. This series will show how to how to plan for availability, improve serviceability, avoid single points of failure, and provide resiliency against hardware and software failures. Availability is a broad topic that has filled entire books, so these posts will focus on aspects specifically related to Oracle VM Server for SPARC. The goal is to improve Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS): An article defining RAS can be found here. Oracle VM Server for SPARC Principles for Availability Let's state some guiding principles for availability that apply to Oracle VM Server for SPARC: Avoid Single Points Of Failure (SPOFs). Systems should be configured so a component failure does not result in a loss of application service. The general method to avoid SPOFs is to provide redundancy so service can continue without interruption if a component fails. For a critical application there may be multiple levels of redundancy so multiple failures can be tolerated. Oracle VM Server for SPARC makes it possible to configure systems that avoid SPOFs. Configure for availability at a level of resource and effort consistent with business needs. Effort and resource should be consistent with business requirements. Production has different availability requirements than test/development, so it's worth expending resources to provide higher availability. Even within the category of production there may be different levels of criticality, outage tolerances, recovery and repair time requirements. Keep in mind that a simple design may be more understandable and effective than a complex design that attempts to "do everything". Design for availability at the appropriate tier or level of the platform stack. Availability can be provided in the application, in the database, or in the virtualization, hardware and network layers they depend on - or using a combination of all of them. It may not be necessary to engineer resilient virtualization for stateless web applications applications where availability is provided by a network load balancer, or for enterprise applications like Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) and WebLogic that provide their own resiliency. It's (often) the same architecture whether virtual or not: For example, providing resiliency against a lost device path or failing disk media is done for the same reasons and may use the same design whether in a domain or not. It's (often) the same technique whether using domains or not: Many configuration steps are the same. For example, configuring IPMP or creating a redundant ZFS pool is pretty much the same within the guest whether you're in a guest domain or not. There are configuration steps and choices for provisioning the guest with the virtual network and disk devices, which we will discuss. Sometimes it is different using domains: There are new resources to configure. Most notable is the use of alternate service domains, which provides resiliency in case of a domain failure, and also permits improved serviceability via "rolling upgrades". This is an important differentiator between Oracle VM Server for SPARC and traditional virtual machine environments where all virtual I/O is provided by a monolithic infrastructure that itself is a SPOF. Alternate service domains are widely used to provide resiliency in production logical domains environments. Some things are done via logical domains commands, and some are done in the guest: For example, with Oracle VM Server for SPARC we provide multiple network connections to the guest, and then configure network resiliency in the guest via IP Multi Pathing (IPMP) - essentially the same as for non-virtual systems. On the other hand, we configure virtual disk availability in the virtualization layer, and the guest sees an already-resilient disk without being aware of the details. These blogs will discuss configuration details like this. Live migration is not "high availability" in the sense of "continuous availability": If the server is down, then you don't live migrate from it! (A cluster or VM restart elsewhere would be used). However, live migration can be part of the RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) picture by improving Serviceability - you can move running domains off of a box before planned service or maintenance. The blog Best Practices - Live Migration on Oracle VM Server for SPARC discusses this. Topics Here are some of the topics that will be covered: Network availability using IP Multipathing and aggregates Disk path availability using virtual disks defined with multipath groups ("mpgroup") Disk media resiliency configuring for redundant disks that can tolerate media loss Multiple service domains - this is probably the most significant item and the one most specific to Oracle VM Server for SPARC. It is very widely deployed in production environments as the means to provide network and disk availability, but it can be confusing. Subsequent articles will describe why and how to configure multiple service domains. Note, for the sake of precision: an I/O domain is any domain that has a physical I/O resource (such as a PCIe bus root complex). A service domain is a domain providing virtual device services to other domains; it is almost always an I/O domain too (so it can have something to serve). Resources Here are some important links; we'll be drawing on their content in the next several articles: Oracle VM Server for SPARC Documentation Maximizing Application Reliability and Availability with SPARC T5 Servers whitepaper by Gary Combs Maximizing Application Reliability and Availability with the SPARC M5-32 Server whitepaper by Gary Combs Summary Oracle VM Server for SPARC offers features that can be used to provide highly-available environments. This and the following blog entries will describe how to plan and deploy them.

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• Storing non-content data in Orchard

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  A CMS like Orchard is, by definition, designed to store content. What differentiates content from other kinds of data is rather subtle. The way I would describe it is by saying that if you would put each instance of a kind of data on its own web page, if it would make sense to add comments to it, or tags, or ratings, then it is content and you can store it in Orchard using all the convenient composition options that it offers. Otherwise, it probably isn't and you can store it using somewhat simpler means that I will now describe. In one of the modules I wrote, Vandelay.ThemePicker, there is some configuration data for the module. That data is not content by the definition I gave above. Let's look at how this data is stored and queried. The configuration data in question is a set of records, each of which has a number of properties: public class SettingsRecord { public virtual int Id { get; set;} public virtual string RuleType { get; set; } public virtual string Name { get; set; } public virtual string Criterion { get; set; } public virtual string Theme { get; set; } public virtual int Priority { get; set; } public virtual string Zone { get; set; } public virtual string Position { get; set; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Each property has to be virtual for nHibernate to handle it (it creates derived classed that are instrumented in all kinds of ways). We also have an Id property. The way these records will be stored in the database is described from a migration: public int Create() { SchemaBuilder.CreateTable("SettingsRecord", table => table .Column<int>("Id", column => column.PrimaryKey().Identity()) .Column<string>("RuleType", column => column.NotNull().WithDefault("")) .Column<string>("Name", column => column.NotNull().WithDefault("")) .Column<string>("Criterion", column => column.NotNull().WithDefault("")) .Column<string>("Theme", column => column.NotNull().WithDefault("")) .Column<int>("Priority", column => column.NotNull().WithDefault(10)) .Column<string>("Zone", column => column.NotNull().WithDefault("")) .Column<string>("Position", column => column.NotNull().WithDefault("")) ); return 1; } When we enable the feature, the migration will run, which will create the table in the database. Once we've done that, all we have to do in order to use the data is inject an IRepository<SettingsRecord>, which is what I'm doing from the set of helpers I put under the SettingsService class: private readonly IRepository<SettingsRecord> _repository; private readonly ISignals _signals; private readonly ICacheManager _cacheManager; public SettingsService( IRepository<SettingsRecord> repository, ISignals signals, ICacheManager cacheManager) { _repository = repository; _signals = signals; _cacheManager = cacheManager; } The repository has a Table property, which implements IQueryable<SettingsRecord> (enabling all kind of Linq queries) as well as methods such as Delete and Create. Here's for example how I'm getting all the records in the table: _repository.Table.ToList() And here's how I'm deleting a record: _repository.Delete(_repository.Get(r => r.Id == id)); And here's how I'm creating one: _repository.Create(new SettingsRecord { Name = name, RuleType = ruleType, Criterion = criterion, Theme = theme, Priority = priority, Zone = zone, Position = position }); In summary, you create a record class, a migration, and you're in business and can just manipulate the data through the repository that the framework is exposing. You even get ambient transactions from the work context.

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• Is this over-abstraction? (And is there a name for it?)

  - by mwhite

  I work on a large Django application that uses CouchDB as a database and couchdbkit for mapping CouchDB documents to objects in Python, similar to Django's default ORM. It has dozens of model classes and a hundred or two CouchDB views. The application allows users to register a "domain", which gives them a unique URL containing the domain name that gives them access to a project whose data has no overlap with the data of other domains. Each document that is part of a domain has its domain property set to that domain's name. As far as relationships between the documents go, all domains are effectively mutually exclusive subsets of the data, except for a few edge cases (some users can be members of more than one domain, and there are some administrative reports that include all domains, etc.). The code is full of explicit references to the domain name, and I'm wondering if it would be worth the added complexity to abstract this out. I'd also like to know if there's a name for the sort of bound property approach I'm taking here. Basically, I have something like this in mind: Before in models.py class User(Document): domain = StringProperty() class Group(Document): domain = StringProperty() name = StringProperty() user_ids = StringListProperty() # method that returns related document set def users(self): return [User.get(id) for id in self.user_ids] # method that queries a couch view optimized for a specific lookup @classmethod def by_name(cls, domain, name): # the view method is provided by couchdbkit and handles # wrapping json CouchDB results as Python objects, and # can take various parameters modifying behavior return cls.view('groups/by_name', key=[domain, name]) # method that creates a related document def get_new_user(self): user = User(domain=self.domain) user.save() self.user_ids.append(user._id) return user in views.py: from models import User, Group # there are tons of views like this, (request, domain, ...) def create_new_user_in_group(request, domain, group_name): group = Group.by_name(domain, group_name)[0] user = User(domain=domain) user.save() group.user_ids.append(user._id) group.save() in group/by_name/map.js: function (doc) { if (doc.doc_type == "Group") { emit([doc.domain, doc.name], null); } } After models.py class DomainDocument(Document): domain = StringProperty() @classmethod def domain_view(cls, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['key'] = [cls.domain.default] + kwargs['key'] return super(DomainDocument, cls).view(*args, **kwargs) @classmethod def get(cls, *args, **kwargs, validate_domain=True): ret = super(DomainDocument, cls).get(*args, **kwargs) if validate_domain and ret.domain != cls.domain.default: raise Exception() return ret def models(self): # a mapping of all models in the application. accessing one returns the equivalent of class BoundUser(User): domain = StringProperty(default=self.domain) class User(DomainDocument): pass class Group(DomainDocument): name = StringProperty() user_ids = StringListProperty() def users(self): return [self.models.User.get(id) for id in self.user_ids] @classmethod def by_name(cls, name): return cls.domain_view('groups/by_name', key=[name]) def get_new_user(self): user = self.models.User() user.save() views.py @domain_view # decorator that sets request.models to the same sort of object that is returned by DomainDocument.models and removes the domain argument from the URL router def create_new_user_in_group(request, group_name): group = request.models.Group.by_name(group_name) user = request.models.User() user.save() group.user_ids.append(user._id) group.save() (Might be better to leave the abstraction leaky here in order to avoid having to deal with a couchapp-style //! include of a wrapper for emit that prepends doc.domain to the key or some other similar solution.) function (doc) { if (doc.doc_type == "Group") { emit([doc.name], null); } } Pros and Cons So what are the pros and cons of this? Pros: DRYer prevents you from creating related documents but forgetting to set the domain. prevents you from accidentally writing a django view - couch view execution path that leads to a security breach doesn't prevent you from accessing underlying self.domain and normal Document.view() method potentially gets rid of the need for a lot of sanity checks verifying whether two documents whose domains we expect to be equal are. Cons: adds some complexity hides what's really happening requires no model modules to have classes with the same name, or you would need to add sub-attributes to self.models for modules. However, requiring project-wide unique class names for models should actually be fine because they correspond to the doc_type property couchdbkit uses to decide which class to instantiate them as, which should be unique. removes explicit dependency documentation (from group.models import Group)

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• uploadify scriptData problem

  - by elpaso66

  Hi, I'm having problems with scriptData on uploadify, I'm pretty sure the config syntax is fine but whatever I do, scriptData is not passed to the upload script. I tested in both FF and Chrome with flash v. Shockwave Flash 9.0 r31 This is the config: $(document).ready(function() { $('#id_file').uploadify({ 'uploader' : '/media/filebrowser/uploadify/uploadify.swf', 'script' : '/admin/filebrowser/upload_file/', 'scriptData' : {'session_key': 'e1b552afde044bdd188ad51af40cfa8e'}, 'checkScript' : '/admin/filebrowser/check_file/', 'cancelImg' : '/media/filebrowser/uploadify/cancel.png', 'auto' : false, 'folder' : '', 'multi' : true, 'fileDesc' : '*.html;*.py;*.js;*.css;*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.gif;*.png;*.tif;*.tiff;*.mp3;*.mp4;*.wav;*.aiff;*.midi;*.m4p;*.mov;*.wmv;*.mpeg;*.mpg;*.avi;*.rm;*.pdf;*.doc;*.rtf;*.txt;*.xls;*.csv;', 'fileExt' : '*.html;*.py;*.js;*.css;*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.gif;*.png;*.tif;*.tiff;*.mp3;*.mp4;*.wav;*.aiff;*.midi;*.m4p;*.mov;*.wmv;*.mpeg;*.mpg;*.avi;*.rm;*.pdf;*.doc;*.rtf;*.txt;*.xls;*.csv;', 'sizeLimit' : 10485760, 'scriptAccess' : 'sameDomain', 'queueSizeLimit' : 50, 'simUploadLimit' : 1, 'width' : 300, 'height' : 30, 'hideButton' : false, 'wmode' : 'transparent', translations : { browseButton: 'BROWSE', error: 'An Error occured', completed: 'Completed', replaceFile: 'Do you want to replace the file', unitKb: 'KB', unitMb: 'MB' } }); $('input:submit').click(function(){ $('#id_file').uploadifyUpload(); return false; }); }); I checked that other values (file name) are passed correctly but session_key is not. This is the decorator code from django-filebrowser, you can see it checks for request.POST.get('session_key'), the problem is that request.POST is empty. def flash_login_required(function): """ Decorator to recognize a user by its session. Used for Flash-Uploading. """ def decorator(request, *args, **kwargs): try: engine = __import__(settings.SESSION_ENGINE, {}, {}, ['']) except: import django.contrib.sessions.backends.db engine = django.contrib.sessions.backends.db print request.POST session_data = engine.SessionStore(request.POST.get('session_key')) user_id = session_data['_auth_user_id'] # will return 404 if the session ID does not resolve to a valid user request.user = get_object_or_404(User, pk=user_id) return function(request, *args, **kwargs) return decorator

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• Issues with cross-domain uploading

  - by meder

  I'm using a django plugin called django-filebrowser which utilizes uploadify. The issue I'm having is that I'm hosting uploadify.swf on a remote static media server, whereas my admin area is on my django server. At first, the browse button wouldn't invoke my browser's upload. I fixed this by modifying the sameScriptAccess to always instead of sameDomain. Now the progress bar doesn't move at all, I probably have to enable some server setting for cross domain file uploading, or most likely actually host a separate upload script on my media server. I thought I could solve this by adding a crossdomain.xml to enable any site at the root of both servers, but that doesn't seem to solve it. $(document).ready(function() { $('#id_file').uploadify({ 'uploader' : 'http://media.site.com:8080/admin/filebrowser/uploadify/uploadify.swf', 'script' : '/admin/filebrowser/upload_file/', 'scriptData' : {'session_key': '...'}, 'checkScript' : '/admin/filebrowser/check_file/', 'cancelImg' : 'http://media.site.com:8080/admin/filebrowser/uploadify/cancel.png', 'auto' : false, 'folder' : '', 'multi' : true, 'fileDesc' : '*.html;*.py;*.js;*.css;*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.gif;*.png;*.tif;*.tiff;*.mp3;*.mp4;*.wav;*.aiff;*.midi;*.m4p;*.mov;*.wmv;*.mpeg;*.mpg;*.avi;*.rm;*.pdf;*.doc;*.rtf;*.txt;*.xls;*.csv;', 'fileExt' : '*.html;*.py;*.js;*.css;*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.gif;*.png;*.tif;*.tiff;*.mp3;*.mp4;*.wav;*.aiff;*.midi;*.m4p;*.mov;*.wmv;*.mpeg;*.mpg;*.avi;*.rm;*.pdf;*.doc;*.rtf;*.txt;*.xls;*.csv;', 'sizeLimit' : 10485760, 'scriptAccess' : 'always', //'scriptAccess' : 'sameDomain', 'queueSizeLimit' : 50, 'simUploadLimit' : 1, 'width' : 300, 'height' : 30, 'hideButton' : false, 'wmode' : 'transparent', translations : { browseButton: 'BROWSE', error: 'An Error occured', completed: 'Completed', replaceFile: 'Do you want to replace the file', unitKb: 'KB', unitMb: 'MB' } }); $('input:submit').click(function(){ $('#id_file').uploadifyUpload(); return false; }); }); The page I'm viewing this on is http://site.com/admin/filebrowser/browse on port 80.

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• How to speed up an already cached pip install?

  - by Maxime R.

  I frequently have to re-create virtual environments from a requirements.txt and I am already using $PIP_DOWNLOAD_CACHE. It still takes a lot of time and I noticed the following: Pip spends a lot of time between the following two lines: Downloading/unpacking SomePackage==1.4 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) Using download cache from $HOME/.pip_download_cache/cached_package.tar.gz Like ~20 seconds on average to decide it's going to use the cached package, then the install is fast. This is a lot of time when you have to install dozens of packages (actually enough to write this question). What is going on in the background? Are they some sort of integrity checks against the online package? Is there a way to speed this up? edit: Looking at: time pip install -v Django==1.4 I get: real 1m16.120s user 0m4.312s sys 0m1.280s The full output is here http://pastebin.com/e4Q2B5BA. Looks like pip is spending his time looking for a valid download link while it already has a valid cache of http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/D/Django/Django-1.4.tar.gz. Is there a way to look for the cache first and stop there if versions match?

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• Building a SOA/BPM/BAM Cluster Part I &ndash; Preparing the Environment

  - by antony.reynolds

  An increasing number of customers are using SOA Suite in a cluster configuration, I might hazard to say that the majority of production deployments are now using SOA clusters.  So I thought it may be useful to detail the steps in building an 11g cluster and explain a little about why things are done the way they are. In this series of posts I will explain how to build a SOA/BPM cluster using the Enterprise Deployment Guide. This post will explain the setting required to prepare the cluster for installation and configuration. Software Required The following software is required for an 11.1.1.3 SOA/BPM install. Software Version Notes Oracle Database Certified databases are listed here SOA & BPM Suites require a working database installation. Repository Creation Utility (RCU) 11.1.1.3 If upgrading an 11.1.1.2 repository then a separate script is available. Web Tier Utilities 11.1.1.3 Provides Web Server, 11.1.1.3 is an upgrade to 11.1.1.2, so 11.1.1.2 must be installed first. Web Tier Utilities 11.1.1.3 Web Server, 11.1.1.3 Patch.  You can use the 11.1.1.2 version without problems. Oracle WebLogic Server 11gR1 10.3.3 This is the host platform for 11.1.1.3 SOA/BPM Suites. SOA Suite 11.1.1.2 SOA Suite 11.1.1.3 is an upgrade to 11.1.1.2, so 11.1.1.2 must be installed first. SOA Suite 11.1.1.3 SOA Suite 11.1.1.3 patch, requires 11.1.12 to have been installed. My installation was performed on Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.4 64-bit. Database I will not cover setting up the database in this series other than to identify the database requirements.  If setting up a SOA cluster then ideally we would also be using a RAC database.  I assume that this is running on separate machines to the SOA cluster.  Section 2.1, “Database”, of the EDG covers the database configuration in detail. Settings The database should have processes set to at least 400 if running SOA/BPM and BAM. alter system set processes=400 scope=spfile Run RCU The Repository Creation Utility creates the necessary database tables for the SOA Suite.  The RCU can be run from any machine that can access the target database.  In 11g the RCU creates a number of pre-defined users and schema with a user defiend prefix.  This allows you to have multiple 11g installations in the same database. After running the RCU you need to grant some additional privileges to the soainfra user.  The soainfra user should have privileges on the transaction tables. grant select on sys.dba_pending_transactions to prefix_soainfra Grant force any transaction to prefix_soainfra Machines The cluster will be built on the following machines. EDG Name is the name used for this machine in the EDG. Notes are a description of the purpose of the machine. EDG Name Notes LB External load balancer to distribute load across and failover between web servers. WEBHOST1 Hosts a web server. WEBHOST2 Hosts a web server. SOAHOST1 Hosts SOA components. SOAHOST2 Hosts SOA components. BAMHOST1 Hosts BAM components. BAMHOST2 Hosts BAM components. Note that it is possible to collapse the BAM servers so that they run on the same machines as the SOA servers. In this case BAMHOST1 and SOAHOST1 would be the same, as would BAMHOST2 and SOAHOST2. The cluster may include more than 2 servers and in this case we add SOAHOST3, SOAHOST4 etc as needed. My cluster has WEBHOST1, SOAHOST1 and BAMHOST1 all running on a single machine. Software Components The cluster will use the following software components. EDG Name is the name used for this machine in the EDG. Type is the type of component, generally a WebLogic component. Notes are a description of the purpose of the component. EDG Name Type Notes AdminServer Admin Server Domain Admin Server WLS_WSM1 Managed Server Web Services Manager Policy Manager Server WLS_WSM2 Managed Server Web Services Manager Policy Manager Server WLS_SOA1 Managed Server SOA/BPM Managed Server WLS_SOA2 Managed Server SOA/BPM Managed Server WLS_BAM1 Managed Server BAM Managed Server running Active Data Cache WLS_BAM2 Managed Server BAM Manager Server without Active Data Cache   Node Manager Will run on all hosts with WLS servers OHS1 Web Server Oracle HTTP Server OHS2 Web Server Oracle HTTP Server LB Load Balancer Load Balancer, not part of SOA Suite The above assumes a 2 node cluster. Network Configuration The SOA cluster requires an extensive amount of network configuration.  I would recommend assigning a private sub-net (internal IP addresses such as 10.x.x.x, 192.168.x.x or 172.168.x.x) to the cluster for use by addresses that only need to be accessible to the Load Balancer or other cluster members.  Section 2.2, "Network", of the EDG covers the network configuration in detail. EDG Name is the hostname used in the EDG. IP Name is the IP address name used in the EDG. Type is the type of IP address: Fixed is fixed to a single machine. Floating is assigned to one of several machines to allow for server migration. Virtual is assigned to a load balancer and used to distribute load across several machines. Host is the host where this IP address is active.  Note for floating IP addresses a range of hosts is given. Bound By identifies which software component will use this IP address. Scope shows where this IP address needs to be resolved. Cluster scope addresses only have to be resolvable by machines in the cluster, i.e. the machines listed in the previous section.  These addresses are only used for inter-cluster communication or for access by the load balancer. Internal scope addresses Notes are comments on why that type of IP is used. EDG Name IP Name Type Host Bound By Scope Notes ADMINVHN VIP1 Floating SOAHOST1-SOAHOSTn AdminServer Cluster Admin server, must be able to migrate between SOA server machines. SOAHOST1 IP1 Fixed SOAHOST1 NodeManager, WLS_WSM1 Cluster WSM Server 1 does not require server migration. SOAHOST2 IP2 Fixed SOAHOST1 NodeManager, WLS_WSM2 Cluster WSM Server 2 does not require server migration SOAHOST1VHN VIP2 Floating SOAHOST1-SOAHOSTn WLS_SOA1 Cluster SOA server 1, must be able to migrate between SOA server machines SOAHOST2VHN VIP3 Floating SOAHOST1-SOAHOSTn WLS_SOA2 Cluster SOA server 2, must be able to migrate between SOA server machines BAMHOST1 IP4 Fixed BAMHOST1 NodeManager Cluster   BAMHOST1VHN VIP4 Floating BAMHOST1-BAMHOSTn WLS_BAM1 Cluster BAM server 1, must be able to migrate between BAM server machines BAMHOST2 IP3 Fixed BAMHOST2 NodeManager, WLS_BAM2 Cluster BAM server 2 does not require server migration WEBHOST1 IP5 Fixed WEBHOST1 OHS1 Cluster   WEBHOST2 IP6 Fixed WEBHOST2 OHS2 Cluster   soa.mycompany.com VIP5 Virtual LB LB Public External access point to SOA cluster. admin.mycompany.com VIP6 Virtual LB LB Internal Internal access to WLS console and EM soainternal.mycompany.com VIP7 Virtual LB LB Internal Internal access point to SOA cluster Floating IP addresses are IP addresses that may be re-assigned between machines in the cluster.  For example in the event of failure of SOAHOST1 then WLS_SOA1 will need to be migrated to another server.  In this case VIP2 (SOAHOST1VHN) will need to be activated on the new target machine.  Once set up the node manager will manage registration and removal of the floating IP addresses with the exception of the AdminServer floating IP address. Note that if the BAMHOSTs and SOAHOSTs are the same machine then you can obviously share the hostname and fixed IP addresses, but you still need separate floating IP addresses for the different managed servers.  The hostnames don’t have to be the ones given in the EDG, but they must be distinct in the same way as the ETC names are distinct.  If the type is a fixed IP then if the addresses are the same you can use the same hostname, for example if you collapse the soahost1, bamhost1 and webhost1 onto a single machine then you could refer to them all as HOST1 and give them the same IP address, however SOAHOST1VHN can never be the same as BAMHOST1VHN because these are floating IP addresses. Notes on DNS IP addresses that are of scope “Cluster” just need to be in the hosts file (/etc/hosts on Linux, C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts on Windows) of all the machines in the cluster and the load balancer.  IP addresses that are of scope “Internal” need to be available on the internal DNS servers, whilst IP addresses of scope “Public” need to be available on external and internal DNS servers. Shared File System At a minimum the cluster needs shared storage for the domain configuration, XA transaction logs and JMS file stores.  It is also possible to place the software itself on a shared server.  I strongly recommend that all machines have the same file structure for their SOA installation otherwise you will experience pain!  Section 2.3, "Shared Storage and Recommended Directory Structure", of the EDG covers the shared storage recommendations in detail. The following shorthand is used for locations: ORACLE_BASE is the root of the file system used for software and configuration files. MW_HOME is the location used by the installed SOA/BPM Suite installation.  This is also used by the web server installation.  In my installation it is set to <ORACLE_BASE>/SOA11gPS2. ORACLE_HOME is the location of the Oracle SOA components or the Oracle Web components.  This directory is installed under the the MW_HOME but the name is decided by the user at installation, default values are Oracle_SOA1 and Oracle_Web1.  In my installation they are set to <MW_HOME>/Oracle_SOA and <MW_HOME>/Oracle _WEB. ORACLE_COMMON_HOME is the location of the common components and is located under the MW_HOME directory.  This is always <MW_HOME>/oracle_common. ORACLE_INSTANCE is used by the Oracle HTTP Server and/or Oracle Web Cache.  It is recommended to create it under <ORACLE_BASE>/admin.  In my installation they are set to <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/Web1, <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/Web2 and <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/WC1. WL_HOME is the WebLogic server home and is always found at <MW_HOME>/wlserver_10.3. Key file locations are shown below. Directory Notes <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/domain_name/aserver/domain_name Shared location for domain.  Used to allow admin server to manually fail over between machines.  When creating domain_name provide the aserver directory as the location for the domain. In my install this is <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/aserver/soa_domain as I only have one domain on the box. <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/domain_name/aserver/applications Shared location for deployed applications.  Needs to be provided when creating the domain. In my install this is <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/aserver/applications as I only have one domain on the box. <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/domain_name/mserver/domain_name Either unique location for each machine or can be shared between machines to simplify task of packing and unpacking domain.  This acts as the managed server configuration location.  Keeping it separate from Admin server helps to avoid problems with the managed servers messing up the Admin Server. In my install this is <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/mserver/soa_domain as I only have one domain on the box. <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/domain_name/mserver/applications Either unique location for each machine or can be shared between machines.  Holds deployed applications. In my install this is <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/mserver/applications as I only have one domain on the box. <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/domain_name/soa_cluster_name Shared directory to hold the following   dd – deployment descriptors   jms – shared JMS file stores   fadapter – shared file adapter co-ordination files   tlogs – shared transaction log files In my install this is <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/soa_cluster. <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/instance_name Local folder for web server (OHS) instance. In my install this is <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/web1 and <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/web2. I also have <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/wc1 for the Web Cache I use as a load balancer. <ORACLE_BASE>/product/fmw This can be a shared or local folder for the SOA/BPM Suite software.  I used a shared location so I only ran the installer once. In my install this is <ORACLE_BASE>/SOA11gPS2 All the shared files need to be put onto a shared storage media.  I am using NFS, but recommendation for production would be a SAN, with mirrored disks for resilience. Collapsing Environments To reduce the hardware requirements it is possible to collapse the BAMHOST, SOAHOST and WEBHOST machines onto a single physical machine.  This will require more memory but memory is a lot cheaper than additional machines.  For environments that require higher security then stay with a separate WEBHOST tier as per the EDG.  Similarly for high volume environments then keep a separate set of machines for BAM and/or Web tier as per the EDG. Notes on Dev Environments In a dev environment it is acceptable to use a a single node (non-RAC) database, but be aware that the config of the data sources is different (no need to use multi-data source in WLS).  Typically in a dev environment we will collapse the BAMHOST, SOAHOST and WEBHOST onto a single machine and use a software load balancer.  To test a cluster properly we will need at least 2 machines. For my test environment I used Oracle Web Cache as a load balancer.  I ran it on one of the SOA Suite machines and it load balanced across the Web Servers on both machines.  This was easy for me to set up and I could administer it from a web based console.

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• Ubuntu server has slow performance

  - by Rich

  I have a custom built Ubuntu 11.04 server with a 6 disk software RAID 10 primary drive. On it I'm primarily running a PostgreSQL and a few other utilities that stream data from the web. I often find after a few hours of uptime the server starts to lag with all kinds of processes. For example, it may take 10-15 seconds after log-in to get a shell prompt. It might take 5-10 seconds for top to come up. An ls might take a second or two. When I look at top there is almost no CPU usage. There's a fair amount of memory used by the PostgreSQL server but not enough to bleed into swap. I have no idea where to go from here, other than to suspect the RAID10 (I've only ever had software RAID 1's before). Edit: Output from top: top - 11:56:03 up 1:46, 3 users, load average: 0.89, 0.73, 0.72 Tasks: 119 total, 1 running, 118 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 93.5%id, 6.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16325596k total, 3478248k used, 12847348k free, 20880k buffers Swap: 19534176k total, 0k used, 19534176k free, 3041992k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1747 woodsp 20 0 109m 10m 4888 S 1 0.1 0:42.70 python 357 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.40 jbd2/sda3-8 1 root 20 0 24324 2284 1344 S 0 0.0 0:00.84 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.24 ksoftirqd/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/0 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/1 12 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/1 13 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/2 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/2:0 15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/2 16 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/2 17 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/3 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/3:0 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/3 20 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/3 21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset 22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs 24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 sync_supers df -h rpsharp@ncp-skookum:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 1.8T 549G 1.2T 32% / udev 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /dev tmpfs 3.2G 492K 3.2G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /run/shm /dev/sda2 952M 128K 952M 1% /boot/efi /dev/md0 5.5T 562G 4.7T 11% /usr/local free -m psharp@ncp-skookum:~$ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 15942 3409 12533 0 20 2983 -/+ buffers/cache: 405 15537 Swap: 19076 0 19076 tail -50 /var/log/syslog Jul 3 06:31:32 ncp-skookum rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="1070" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed Jul 3 06:39:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14211]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete) Jul 3 06:40:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14223]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jul 3 07:00:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14328]: (woodsp) CMD (/home/woodsp/bin/mail_tweetupdate # email an update) Jul 3 07:00:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14327]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jul 3 07:00:28 ncp-skookum sendmail[14356]: q63E0SoZ014356: from=woodsp, size=2328, class=0, nrcpts=2, msgid=<[email protected]>, relay=woodsp@localhost Jul 3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sm-mta[14357]: q63E0Si6014357: from=<[email protected]>, size=2569, class=0, nrcpts=2, msgid=<[email protected]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1] Jul 3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sendmail[14356]: q63E0SoZ014356: to=Spencer Wood <[email protected]>,Martin Lacayo <[email protected]>, ctladdr=woodsp (1004/1005), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=relay, pri=62328, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (q63E0Si6014357 Message accepted for delivery) Jul 3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sm-mta[14359]: STARTTLS=client, relay=mx3.stanford.edu., version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits=256/256 Jul 3 07:00:29 ncp-skookum sm-mta[14359]: q63E0Si6014357: to=<[email protected]>,<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (1004/1005), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=152569, relay=mx3.stanford.edu. [171.67.219.73], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (Ok: queued as 8F3505802AC) Jul 3 07:09:08 ncp-skookum CRON[14396]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete) Jul 3 07:17:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14438]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Jul 3 07:20:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14453]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jul 3 07:39:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14551]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete) Jul 3 07:40:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14562]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jul 3 08:00:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14668]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jul 3 08:09:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14724]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete) Jul 3 08:17:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14766]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Jul 3 08:20:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14781]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Jul 3 08:39:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14881]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete) Jul 3 08:40:01 ncp-skookum CRON[14892]: (smmsp) CMD (test -x /etc/init.d/sendmail && /usr/share/sendmail/sendmail cron-msp) Output of hdparm -t /dev/sd{a,b,c,d,e,f} This looks suspicious? /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 2 MB in 4.84 seconds = 423.39 kB/sec /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 420 MB in 3.01 seconds = 139.74 MB/sec /dev/sdc: Timing buffered disk reads: 390 MB in 3.00 seconds = 129.87 MB/sec /dev/sdd: Timing buffered disk reads: 416 MB in 3.00 seconds = 138.51 MB/sec /dev/sde: Timing buffered disk reads: 422 MB in 3.00 seconds = 140.50 MB/sec /dev/sdf: Timing buffered disk reads: 416 MB in 3.01 seconds = 138.26 MB/sec

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• OSX: Python packages fail to install, error message "/usr/local/bin: File Exists"

  - by kylehotchkiss

  I keep trying to install django and other python packages, and I keep getting the exact same error message: Installing django-admin.py script to /usr/local/bin error: /usr/local/bin: File exists So I look to make sure that my /usr/local folder is okay. At first glance it appears okay, until I try cd-ing into my bin. It says it can't because it's not a directory. Peculiar, I thought, so then I tried a Anchorage:local khotchkiss$ ls -a -l total 26168 drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 204 Dec 26 20:18 . drwxr-xr-x@ 14 root wheel 476 Feb 24 12:54 .. -rwxr-xr-x@ 1 root wheel 13395080 Oct 22 23:04 bin drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 272 Dec 26 20:18 git drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 136 Dec 18 11:31 include drwxr-xr-x 12 root wheel 408 Dec 18 11:31 lib And haven't a clue of what the 'bin' is, why its so large, and why its preventing me from installing python packages. Any clue?

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• High Server Load cannot figure out why

  - by Tim Bolton

  My server is currently running CentOS 5.2, with WHM 11.34. Currently, we're at 6.43 to 12 for a load average. The sites that we're hosting are taking a lot time to respond and resolve. top doesn't show anything out of the ordinary and iftop doesn't show a lot of traffic. We have many resellers, and some not so good at writing code, how can we find the culprit? vmstat output: vmstat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 2 84 78684 154916 1021080 0 0 72 274 0 14 6 3 80 12 0 top output (ordered by %CPU) top - 21:44:43 up 5 days, 10:39, 3 users, load average: 3.36, 4.18, 4.73 Tasks: 222 total, 3 running, 219 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 5.8%us, 2.3%sy, 0.2%ni, 79.6%id, 11.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2074580k total, 1863044k used, 211536k free, 174828k buffers Swap: 2040212k total, 84k used, 2040128k free, 987604k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 15930 mysql 15 0 138m 46m 4380 S 4 2.3 1:45.87 mysqld 21772 igniteth 17 0 23200 7152 3932 R 4 0.3 0:00.02 php 1586 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 2 0.0 11:45.19 kjournald 21759 root 15 0 2416 1024 732 R 2 0.0 0:00.01 top 1 root 15 0 2156 648 560 S 0 0.0 0:26.31 init 2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.35 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.32 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.00 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.11 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.29 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.26 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.90 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 R 0 0.0 0:00.20 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 top output (ordered by CPU time) top - 21:46:12 up 5 days, 10:41, 3 users, load average: 2.88, 3.82, 4.55 Tasks: 217 total, 1 running, 216 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.7%us, 2.0%sy, 2.0%ni, 67.2%id, 25.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2074580k total, 1959516k used, 115064k free, 183116k buffers Swap: 2040212k total, 84k used, 2040128k free, 1090308k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 32367 root 16 0 215m 212m 1548 S 0 10.5 62:03.63 62:03 tailwatchd 1586 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 11:45.27 11:45 kjournald 1576 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:37.86 2:37 kjournald 27722 root 16 0 2556 1184 800 S 0 0.1 1:48.94 1:48 top 15930 mysql 15 0 138m 46m 4380 S 4 2.3 1:48.63 1:48 mysqld 2932 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:41.05 1:41 kipmi0 226 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:34.33 1:34 kswapd0 2671 named 25 0 74688 7400 2116 S 0 0.4 1:23.58 1:23 named 3229 root 15 0 10300 3348 2724 S 0 0.2 0:40.85 0:40 sshd 1580 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:30.62 0:30 kjournald 1 root 17 0 2156 648 560 S 0 0.0 0:26.32 0:26 init 2616 root 15 0 1816 576 480 S 0 0.0 0:23.50 0:23 syslogd 1584 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:18.67 0:18 kjournald 4342 root 34 19 27692 11m 2116 S 0 0.5 0:18.23 0:18 yum-updatesd 8044 bollingp 15 0 3456 2036 740 S 1 0.1 0:15.56 0:15 imapd 26 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:14.18 0:14 kblockd/1 7989 gmailsit 16 0 3196 1748 736 S 0 0.1 0:10.43 0:10 imapd iostat -xtk 1 10 output [root@server1 tmp]# iostat -xtk 1 10 Linux 2.6.18-53.el5 12/18/2012 Time: 09:51:06 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 5.83 0.19 2.53 11.85 0.00 79.60 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 1.37 118.83 18.70 54.27 131.47 692.72 22.59 4.90 67.19 3.10 22.59 sdb 0.35 39.33 20.33 61.43 158.79 403.22 13.75 5.23 63.93 3.77 30.80 Time: 09:51:07 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.50 0.00 0.50 24.00 0.00 74.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 25.00 2.00 2.00 128.00 108.00 118.00 0.03 7.25 4.00 1.60 sdb 0.00 16.00 41.00 145.00 200.00 668.00 9.33 107.92 272.72 5.38 100.10 Time: 09:51:08 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 2.00 0.00 1.50 29.50 0.00 67.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 95.00 3.00 33.00 12.00 480.00 27.33 0.07 1.72 1.31 4.70 sdb 0.00 14.00 1.00 228.00 4.00 960.00 8.42 143.49 568.01 4.37 100.10 Time: 09:51:09 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 13.28 0.00 2.76 21.30 0.00 62.66 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 21.00 1.00 19.00 16.00 192.00 20.80 0.06 3.55 1.30 2.60 sdb 0.00 36.00 28.00 181.00 124.00 884.00 9.65 121.16 617.31 4.79 100.10 Time: 09:51:10 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 4.74 0.00 1.50 25.19 0.00 68.58 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 20.00 3.00 15.00 12.00 136.00 16.44 0.17 7.11 3.11 5.60 sdb 0.00 0.00 103.00 60.00 544.00 248.00 9.72 52.35 545.23 6.14 100.10 Time: 09:51:11 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.24 0.00 1.24 25.31 0.00 72.21 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 75.00 4.00 28.00 16.00 416.00 27.00 0.08 3.72 2.03 6.50 sdb 2.00 9.00 124.00 17.00 616.00 104.00 10.21 3.73 213.73 7.10 100.10 Time: 09:51:12 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.00 0.00 0.75 24.31 0.00 73.93 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 24.00 1.00 9.00 4.00 132.00 27.20 0.01 1.20 1.10 1.10 sdb 4.00 40.00 103.00 48.00 528.00 212.00 9.80 105.21 104.32 6.64 100.20 Time: 09:51:13 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 2.50 0.00 1.75 23.25 0.00 72.50 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 125.74 3.96 46.53 15.84 689.11 27.92 0.20 4.06 2.41 12.18 sdb 2.97 0.00 91.09 84.16 419.80 471.29 10.17 85.85 590.78 5.66 99.11 Time: 09:51:14 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.75 0.00 0.50 24.94 0.00 73.82 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 88.00 1.00 7.00 4.00 380.00 96.00 0.04 4.38 3.00 2.40 sdb 3.00 7.00 111.00 44.00 540.00 208.00 9.65 18.58 581.79 6.46 100.10 Time: 09:51:15 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 11.03 0.00 3.26 26.57 0.00 59.15 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 145.00 7.00 53.00 28.00 792.00 27.33 0.15 2.50 1.55 9.30 sdb 1.00 0.00 155.00 0.00 800.00 0.00 10.32 2.85 18.63 6.46 100.10 [root@server1 tmp]# MySQL Show Full Processlist mysql> show full processlist; +------+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------+------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +------+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------+------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | DB_USER_ONE | localhost | DB_ONE | Query | 3 | waiting for handler insert | INSERT DELAYED INTO defers (mailtime,msgid,email,transport_method,message,host,ip,router,deliveryuser,deliverydomain) VALUES(FROM_UNIXTIME('1355879748'),'1TivwL-0003y8-8l','[email protected]','remote_smtp','SMTP error from remote mail server after initial connection: host mx1.mail.tw.yahoo.com [203.188.197.119]: 421 4.7.0 [TS01] Messages from 75.125.90.146 temporarily deferred due to user complaints - 4.16.55.1; see http://postmaster.yahoo.com/421-ts01.html','mx1.mail.tw.yahoo.com','203.188.197.119','lookuphost','','') | | 2 | DELAYED | localhost | DB_ONE | Delayed insert | 52 | insert | | | 3 | DELAYED | localhost | DB_ONE | Delayed insert | 68 | insert | | | 911 | DELAYED | localhost | DB_ONE | Delayed insert | 99 | Waiting for INSERT | | | 993 | DB_USER_TWO | localhost | DB_TWO | Sleep | 832 | | NULL | | 994 | DB_USER_ONE | localhost | DB_ONE | Query | 185 | Locked | delete from failures where FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW())-1296000) > mailtime | | 1102 | DB_USER_THREE | localhost | DB_THREE | Query | 29 | NULL | commit | | 1249 | DB_USER_FOUR | localhost | DB_FOUR | Query | 13 | NULL | commit | | 1263 | root | localhost | DB_FIVE | Query | 0 | NULL | show full processlist | | 1264 | DB_USER_SIX | localhost | DB_SIX | Query | 3 | NULL | commit | +------+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------+------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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• How to stop a ICMP attack?

  - by cumhur onat

  We are under a heavy icmp flood attack. Tcpdump shows the result below. Altough we have blocked ICMP with iptables tcpdump still prints icmp packets. I've also attached iptables configuration and "top" result. Is there any thing I can do to completely stop icmp packets? [root@server downloads]# tcpdump icmp -v -n -nn tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 03:02:47.810957 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16007, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 124, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.811559 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16010, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 52, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.811922 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16012, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 122, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.812485 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16015, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 126, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.812613 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16016, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 122, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.812992 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16018, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 122, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.813582 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16020, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 52, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.814092 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16023, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 120, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.814233 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16024, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 120, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.815579 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16025, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 50, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.815726 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16026, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 50, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.815890 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16027, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 iptables configuration: [root@server etc]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ofis tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:mysql ofis tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ftp DROP icmp -- anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination DROP icmp -- anywhere anywhere Chain ofis (2 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- OUR_OFFICE_IP anywhere DROP all -- anywhere anywhere top: top - 03:12:19 up 400 days, 15:43, 3 users, load average: 1.49, 1.67, 2.61 Tasks: 751 total, 3 running, 748 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 8.2%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 87.9%id, 2.1%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.7%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32949948k total, 26906844k used, 6043104k free, 4707676k buffers Swap: 10223608k total, 0k used, 10223608k free, 14255584k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 36 root 39 19 0 0 0 R 100.8 0.0 17:03.56 ksoftirqd/11 10552 root 15 0 11408 1460 676 R 5.7 0.0 0:00.04 top 7475 lighttpd 15 0 304m 22m 15m S 3.8 0.1 0:05.37 php-cgi 1294 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1.9 0.0 380:54.73 kjournald 3574 root 15 0 631m 11m 5464 S 1.9 0.0 0:00.65 node 7766 lighttpd 16 0 302m 19m 14m S 1.9 0.1 0:05.70 php-cgi 10237 postfix 15 0 52572 2216 1692 S 1.9 0.0 0:00.02 scache 1 root 15 0 10372 680 572 S 0.0 0.0 0:07.99 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:16.72 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:10.46 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.11 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 2:36.15 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.19 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 3:48.91 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 uname -a [root@server etc]# uname -a Linux thisis.oursite.com 2.6.18-238.19.1.el5 #1 SMP Fri Jul 15 07:31:24 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux arp -an [root@server downloads]# arp -an ? (77.92.136.194) at 00:25:90:04:F0:90 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.0.2) at 00:25:90:04:F0:91 [ether] on eth1 ? (77.92.136.193) at 00:23:9C:0B:CD:01 [ether] on eth0

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• How to remove package from apt-get autoremove "queue"

  - by Darth

  I just installed Calibre for ebook management via apt-get on Ubuntu 10.04, however I found out that it's one major version behind the current release, so I decided to reinstall it directly from sources. When I uninstalled the packaged version, apt added bunch of dependencies to the autoremove queue, and as I installed newer version of Calibre from sources, it has no knowledge of it being dependent on those packages. Now I basically have all libraries that I want, but they are still in the autoremove queue. The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libqt4-script libqt4-designer libqt4-dbus python-lxml python-cherrypy3 python-encutils libqt4-xmlpatterns libqt4-help python-qt4 python-clientform python-sip python-django python-mechanize libqt4-svg python-django-tagging libphonon4 libqt4-xml libqt4-assistant libqt4-webkit libqt4-scripttools python-beautifulsoup python-pypdf python-dateutil python-cssutils Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. How do I tell apt that I want to keep these packages installed, without reinstalling them manually?

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• Can I set up a 'Deny from x' that overrides other confs for debugging?

  - by Nick T

  I'm currently working on developing/deploying a Django application on Apache and am often fiddling with the debug settings which alter how Django accepts connections, ignoring or using ALLOWED_HOSTS. If DEBUG is False, it uses them, which is handy to keep up some walls around my construction site. However, the useful info it spits out when True is quite nice. I'm currently just using an SSH tunnel and just allowing localhost when DEBUG is False, but how can I keep everyone out without relying on the aforementioned ALLOWED_HOSTS? Editing the httpd.conf file which is in source control is a bit irritating; I've accidentally committed a few botched configs.

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• how to configure ISPConfig for mod_python or mod_wsgi ?

  - by Japan Shah

  how to configure ISPConfig for mod_python or mod_wsgi for django like apps deployement?

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• High memory usage on the server - can't determine the process

  - by HTF

  I've noticed high memory usage on the server. Details: OS: CentOS 6.3 - x86_64 Web server: Nginx with PHP-FPM The server is generating PDF documents so the traffic is minimum. top: # top -b -n 1 -a top - 10:04:51 up 21 days, 18:57, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 92 total, 1 running, 91 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.3%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3923092k total, 3720380k used, 202712k free, 133904k buffers Swap: 4194296k total, 12k used, 4194284k free, 147404k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 15855 www-data 20 0 199m 4952 2128 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15853 www-data 20 0 199m 4940 2028 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15850 www-data 20 0 199m 4928 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.05 php-fpm 15851 www-data 20 0 199m 4888 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15852 www-data 20 0 199m 4852 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15857 www-data 20 0 198m 4716 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 17553 root 20 0 97816 3860 2924 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 sshd 15849 root 20 0 198m 3460 1072 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.12 php-fpm 13441 nginx 20 0 65608 2968 1604 S 0.0 0.1 0:02.06 nginx 13440 nginx 20 0 65608 2964 1600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.87 nginx 17561 root 20 0 105m 1944 1488 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bash 1150 xfs 20 0 20980 1784 704 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 xfs 15863 root 20 0 179m 1424 1028 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rsyslogd 1 root 20 0 19224 1360 1088 S 0.0 0.0 0:17.96 init 1201 nrpe 20 0 40928 1288 704 S 0.0 0.0 3:57.64 nrpe 13226 root 20 0 114m 1216 612 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 crond 6691 root 20 0 64068 1156 488 S 0.0 0.0 0:09.59 sshd 13439 root 20 0 65104 1128 292 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 nginx 19026 root 20 0 15040 1116 844 R 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 top 451 root 16 -4 11052 1096 316 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 udevd 1174 root 18 -2 11048 1064 288 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 udevd 1175 root 18 -2 11048 1064 288 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 udevd 1065 root 16 -4 93168 824 560 S 0.0 0.0 0:16.00 auditd 1165 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1167 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1169 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1171 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1163 root 20 0 4056 560 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1176 root 20 0 4056 560 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:11.75 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 44:30.28 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.51 watchdog/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:11.63 migration/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 11:35.50 ksoftirqd/1 10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.34 watchdog/1 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:36.68 events/0 12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:50.57 events/1 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr 17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:07.86 sync_supers 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:10.38 bdi-default 20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0 21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/1 22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.35 kblockd/0 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.18 kblockd/1 24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid 25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify 26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug 27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/0 28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/1 29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux 30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd 31 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0 34 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/1 35 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0 36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/1 37 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.48 khungtaskd 38 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:07.52 kswapd0 39 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd 40 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:22.00 khugepaged 41 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0 42 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/1 43 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/0 44 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/1 49 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/0 50 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/1 52 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused 53 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 usbhid_resumer 83 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped 233 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_0 234 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1 321 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 virtio-blk 359 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.24 kdmflush 360 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush 380 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:20.64 jbd2/dm-0-8 381 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 382 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 694 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 vballoon 697 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 virtio-net 818 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/vda1-8 819 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 820 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 851 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.96 kauditd 1013 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:15.45 flush-253:0 ps: # ps aux --sort -vsz | head USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND www-data 13213 0.0 0.1 204416 4772 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13214 0.0 0.1 204416 4776 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13215 0.0 0.1 204416 4832 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13216 0.0 0.1 204416 4776 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13218 0.0 0.1 204416 4956 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default free: #free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3831 3530 300 0 130 143 -/+ buffers/cache: 3256 574 Swap: 4095 0 4095 When I stooped Nginx, PHP-FPM the memory usage was still the same. Could you help me to investigate what is consuming the memory on the system? Regards

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• FCGI & recompiling python code without restarting apache.

  - by Zayatzz

  Hello At one hosting company, they used to run python projects with fcgi. They had set it up so that when i changed django.fcgi file, which put django & my project on pythonpath, my project code was instantly recompiled. Because of that a friend set up hosting for our shared project in his server using fastcgi. It has been set up and the python scripts execute as they should, but what we do not know is, how to set it up so that my project would be recompiled when my setup file has been changed. Alan

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• Restart single uWSGI application (when it's in emperor mode)

  - by Oli

  I'm running uWSGI in emperor mode to host a bunch of Django sites based on their individual configs. These are supposed to update when it detects a change in the config file and this largely works when I just touch uwsgi.ini the relevant file. But occasionally I'll mess something up in the Django site and the server won't load. Yeah, yeah, I should be testing better but that's not really the point. When this happens, uWSGI seems to mark the site as dead and stops trying to run it (seems to make sense). Even after I fix the underlying issue, no amount of touching will get that site's uWSGI process up and running. I have to reload the whole uWSGI server (knocking dozens of sites out at once for a few seconds). Is there a way to force uWSGI to just reload one of its sites?

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• How to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy?

  - by Continuation

  I heard recently that Nginx has added caching to its reverse proxy feature. I looked around but couldn't find much info about it. I want to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy in front of Apache/Django: to have Nginx proxy requests for some (but not all) dynamic pages to Apache, then cache the generated pages and serve subsequent requests for those pages from cache. Ideally I'd want to invalidate cache in 2 ways: Set an expiration date on the cached item To explicitly invalidate the cached item. E.g. if my Django backend has updated certain data, I'd want to tell Nginx to invalidate the cache of the affected pages Is it possible to set Nginx to do that? How?

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• Building intranet search

  - by gmkv

  At work, we have lots of information squirreled away in many different sites -- wikis, product docs, ticketing system, etc -- many of which require authentication. I'm very interested in having a single way to search all our various silos, and in my spare time have looked at Nutch, Grub, Django + Haystack, etc. None of these is a complete solution a la Google Mini or Google Search Appliance. Has anybody built a basic intranet search engine out of a mixture of these tools? Would you have recommendations about how to go about it? I like Django, and Haystack seems to be a mildly popular search solution for it, but I'd need to wire up a crawler that can support crawling authenticated sites to it.

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• Forward Request to Multiple Servers

  - by cactuarz

  We have 2 servers. One is old server and another is the new one. Currently we about doing a migration because the old server is not capable enough to handle everyday requests. The specs are: Old server Ubuntu 10.04 Nginx as Reverse Proxy Apache WSGI Python/Django New Server Ubuntu 10.04 Nginx Gunicorn Python/Django Celery+Redis Our manager asked us to research if the old server can perform multiple forwarding to all incoming request, for example, set Nginx of old server to forward all request to both old and new server. The purpose is to perform unit testing to new server using old server as comparer, see if the new server is ready to take over the role. Please help, if there is an idea, or must install some engine, or what we do is impossible. Many thanks.

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• How to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy?

  - by Continuation

  I heard recently that Nginx has added caching to its reverse proxy feature. I looked around but couldn't find much info about it. I want to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy in front of Apache/Django: to have Nginx proxy requests for some (but not all) dynamic pages to Apache, then cache the generated pages and serve subsequent requests for those pages from cache. Ideally I'd want to invalidate cache in 2 ways: Set an expiration date on the cached item To explicitly invalidate the cached item. E.g. if my Django backend has updated certain data, I'd want to tell Nginx to invalidate the cache of the affected pages Is it possible to set Nginx to do that? How?

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