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  • Is my DFD accurate?

    - by Dummy Derp
    This is my first ever DFD that I made after my fair share of learning but I have no way of verifying whether it is correct or not. Although I have taken utmost care to make sure it is right, I may be wrong. Here is the scenario: Bebop Records is a mail-order company that distributes CDs and tapes at discount prices to record club members. When an order processing clerk receives an order form, he or she verifies that the sender is a club member by checking the Member file. If the sender is not a member, the clerk returns the order along with a membership application form. If the customer is a member, the clerk verifies the order item data by checking the Item file. Then the clerk enters the order data and saves it to the Daily Order file. The clerk also prints an invoice and shipping list for each order, which are forwarded to Order Fulfilment. And here is my diagram:

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  • Loose Coupling in Object Oriented Design

    - by m3th0dman
    I am trying to learn GRASP and I found this explained (here on page 3) about Low Coupling and I was very surprised when I found this: Consider the method addTrack for an Album class, two possible methods are: addTrack( Track t ) and addTrack( int no, String title, double duration ) Which method reduces coupling? The second one does, since the class using the Album class does not have to know a Track class. In general, parameters to methods should use base types (int, char ...) and classes from the java.* packages. I tend to diasgree with this; I believe addTrack(Track t) is better than addTrack(int no, String title, double duration) due to various reasons: It is always better for a method to as fewer parameters as possible (according to Uncle Bob's Clean Code none or one preferably, 2 in some cases and 3 in special cases; more than 3 needs refactoring - these are of course recommendations not holly rules). If addTrack is a method of an interface, and the requirements need that a Track should have more information (say year or genre) then the interface needs to be changed and so that the method should supports another parameter. Encapsulation is broke; if addTrack is in an interface, then it should not know the internals of the Track. It is actually more coupled in the second way, with many parameters. Suppose the no parameter needs to be changed from int to long because there are more than MAX_INT tracks (or for whatever reason); then both the Track and the method need to be changed while if the method would be addTrack(Track track) only the Track would be changed. All the 4 arguments are actually connected with each other, and some of them are consequences from others. Which approach is better?

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  • How can Swift be so much faster than Objective-C in these comparisons?

    - by Yellow
    Apple launched its new programming language Swift at WWDC14. In the presentation, they made some performance comparisons between Objective-C and Python. The following is a picture of one of their slides, of a comparison of those three languages performing some complex object sort: There was an even more incredible graph about a performance comparison using the RC4 encryption algorithm. Obviously this is a marketing talk, and they didn't go into detail on how this was implemented in each. I leaves me wondering though: How can a new programming language be so much faster? Are the Objective-C results caused by a bad compiler or is there something less efficient in Objective-C than Swift? How would you explain a 40% performance increase? I understand that garbage collection/automated reference control might produce some additional overhead, but this much?

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  • what, why, when, should I learn computer science?

    - by dramasea
    I'm 16 years old and really an enthusiast on web programming. I know (X)HTML, css, javascript and php. And i heard about computer science. Below are my question: What is computer science is? Should a web programmer learn computer science? If the answer of question 2 is yes, then what programming language should i learn before i get into computer science(I saw the video of 'Introduction to computer science' which is one of the MIT opencourse and it started to use python without teaching u from scratch) Can I learn computer science now?(Without a university degree, i can watch opencourseware)

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  • Requirement refinement between two levels of specification

    - by user107149
    I am currently working on the definition of the documentation architecture of a system, from customers needs to software/hardware requirements. I encounter a big problem with the level of refinement of requirements. The classic architecture is : PTS -- SSS -- SSDD -- SRS/HRS with PTS : Purshaser Technical Specification SSS : Supplier System Specification SSDD : System Segment Design Description SRS / HRS : Software / Hardware Requirement Specification. Requirements from PTS are reworked in SSS, this document only expressed the needs (no design requirements are defined at this level). Then, the system design is described in SSDD : we allocate requirements from the SSS to functions from the design and functions are then allocated to component (Software or hardware) (we are still at the SSDD level). Finally, for each component, we write one SRS or one HRS. Requirements in SRS or HRS are refinement of requirements from SSS (and traceability matrix are made between these two levels). My problem is the following one : Our system is a complex one, and some of the requirements in the SSS needs to be refined twice to be at the right level in the SRS (means that software people can understand the requirement to make their coding). But, with this document architecture, I can only refine once the requirements from the SSS. The second problem is that only a part of the requirements from the SSS needs to be refined twice. The other part only need one refinement. On the picture below, the green boxes are requirements at the right level for SRS or HRS. And purple boxes are intermediate requirements which can not be included in SSS since they are design requirements. Where can I put these purple requirements ?? Is there someone who has already encountered this problem ? Should I write two documents at SRS level ? Should I include intermediate requirements in SSDD ? Should I includes the two refinement levels (purple and green) in the same SRS document (not sure that's possible since a SRS is only for one component) ??? Thanks for your help and expertise ;-)

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  • What's wrong with cplusplus.com?

    - by Kerrek SB
    This is perhaps not a perfectly suitable forum for this question, but let me give it a shot, at the risk of being moved away. There are several references for the C++ standard library, including the invaluable ISO standard, MSDN, IBM, cppreference, and cplusplus. Personally, when writing C++ I need a reference that has quick random access, short load times and usage examples, and I've been finding cplusplus.com pretty useful. However, I've been hearing negative opinions about that website frequently here on SO, so I would like to get specific: What are the errors, misconceptions or bad pieces of advice given by cplusplus.com? What are the risks of using it to make coding decisions? Let me add this point: I want to be able to answer questions here on SO with accurate quotes of the standard, and thus I would like to post immediately-usable links, and cplusplus.com would have been my choice site were it not for this issue. Update: There have been many great responses, and I have seriously changed my view on cplusplus.com. I'd like to list a few choice results here; feel free to suggest more (and keep posting answers). As of June 29, 2011: Incorrect description of some algorithms (e.g. remove). Information about the behaviour of functions is sometimes incorrect (atoi), fails to mention special cases (strncpy), or omits vital information (iterator invalidation). Examples contain deprecated code (#include style). Inexact terminology is doing a disservice to learners and the general community ("STL", "compiler" vs "toolchain"). Incorrect and misleading description of the typeid keyword.

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  • Software development books are useful, but when to find the time to read them?

    - by user5396
    I have 5 books in my "read-wish-list". When do I read them? I mean I could force myself to use 1 hour during working hours, but this will last for 2 days then someone will ask me to do more "high priority things". One option can be reading at night, but also this has limits, even because I prefer to spend time with kids. Could you please share your experiences? A long term plan is needed of course, it makes no sense to read 5 books in a week, but to continuously read something. For this reason it must not be a stressful thing. It should be easy. It must not be a struggle to find time to read, but it should be done on a continuous regular basis. Somehow this question can be similar to THIS ONE but I want to ask about books. How many if you read books at work for self improvement, not to tackle a specific task?

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  • The road from software support to software development

    - by brokenisfixed
    I am at a crossroad - I've been working for whole 4 years as a support person fixing countless bugs, developing (minimal) changes and improvements to our software, working together with our clients and users. I started as a complete noob, without a good understanding of .NET, C#, SQL Server, etc. I had to work late nights and weekends just to catch up to my co-workers and to prove to myself that I am capable to do the work and do it good. I don't consider myself an expert in those fields, but I feel pretty comfortable working with them ;) I think I have had enough of it and I want changes - I want to move away from support and start working as a developer ;) If there is anyone who has gone this road before? Could you, please, share an advice or two?

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  • Future direction for a developer who is expert in latest software technologies…

    - by Muaz Khan
    Hi everyone, If a (new-coming) developer that learns latest technologies as well as can develop amazing stuff with those technologies and did Bachelors in Arts (BA). So what ’ll be the future of this kind of developer? I meant did he can get good job without degree? I think (but it is the universal truth that) no one (org or company) permit these kind of developers to join them because degree is must for job!! I’m worried about why the world depends upon degree? Why degree is necessary for good job? If a developer has a good experience, why he cannot be able to get good job without degree? What is the future of developer that starts his life as a freelancer and learns everything himself with the help of online available resources? Why companies prerequisite the degree for a good job? A developer without degree can be expert than that who have a degree of MSC etc. Because in 3rd world countries especially Pakistan, a BSC level student taught VB6 and the MSC level student learns C/C++. The common student doesn’t know about latest innovative technologies and he think that the world is depending upon VB6 or C/C++. What is the comparison of that students with a developer that do Bachelors in Arts but know (and can do well with) latest technologies.

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  • When to do code reviews when doing continuous integration?

    - by SpecialEd
    We are trying to switch to a continuous integration environment but are not sure when to do code reviews. From what I've read of continuous integration, we should be attempting to check in code as often as multiple times a day. I assume, this even means for features that are not yet complete. So the question is, when do we do the code reviews? We can't do it before we check in the code, because that would slow down the process where we will not be able to do daily checkins, let alone multiple checkins per day. Also, if the code we are checking in merely compiles but is not feature complete, doing a code review then is pointless, as most code reviews are best done as the feature is finalized. Does this mean we should do code reviews when a feature is completed, but that unreviewed code will get into the repository?

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  • What features would you like to have in PHP?

    - by StasM
    Since it's the holiday season now and everybody's making wishes, I wonder - which language features you would wish PHP would have added? I am interested in some practical suggestions/wishes for the language. By practical I mean: Something that can be practically done (not: "I wish PHP would guess what my code means and fix bugs for me" or "I wish any code would execute under 5ms") Something that doesn't require changing PHP into another language (not: "I wish they'd drop $ signs and use space instead of braces" or "I wish PHP were compiled, statically typed and had # in it's name") Something that would not require breaking all the existing code (not: "Let's rename 500 functions and change parameter order for them") Something that does change the language or some interesting aspect of it (not: "I wish there was extension to support for XYZ protocol" or "I wish bug #12345 were finally fixed") Something that is more than a rant (not: "I wish PHP wouldn't suck so badly") Anybody has any good wishes? Mod edit: Stanislav Malyshev is a core PHP developer.

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  • How can Google publish Dalvik as Java-language compatible since Java is a trademark?

    - by Bruno Chagas
    According to this thread Java and JVM license You can write a compiler that implements the Java Language Specification or write a JVM that implements the Java Virtual Machine specification, but when you officially want to call it "Java", you have to prove it is compatible by passing the tests of the TCK (technology compatibility kit) and pay for a license from Oracle. So, how can Google (or any other java implementation for that matter) claims that Dalvik is a Java virtual machine?

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  • How to train yourself to avoid writing “clever” code?

    - by Dan Abramov
    Do you know that feeling when you just need to show off that new trick with Expressions or generalize three different procedures? This does not have to be on Architecture Astronaut scale and in fact may be helpful but I can't help but notice someone else would implement the same class or package in a more clear, straightforward (and sometimes boring) manner. I noticed I often design programs by oversolving the problem, sometimes deliberately and sometimes out of boredom. In either case, I usually honestly believe my solution is crystal clear and elegant, until I see evidence to the contrary but it's usually too late. There is also a part of me that prefers undocumented assumptions to code duplication, and cleverness to simplicity. What can I do to resist the urge to write “cleverish” code and when should the bell ring that I am Doing It Wrong? The problem is getting even more pushing as I'm now working with a team of experienced developers, and sometimes my attempts at writing smart code seem foolish even to myself after time dispels the illusion of elegance.

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  • MD5 implementation notes

    - by vaasu
    While going through RFC1321, I came across the following paragraph: This step uses a 64-element table T[1 ... 64] constructed from the sine function. Let T[i] denote the i-th element of the table, which is equal to the integer part of 4294967296 times abs(sin(i)), where i is in radians. The elements of the table are given in the appendix. From what I understood from paragraph, it means T[i] = Integer_part(4294967296 times abs(sin(i))) We know the following is true for all x: 0 <= sin(x) <= 1 Since i is an integer, abs(sin(i)) may very well be 0 for all values of i. That means table will contain all zero values ( 4294967296 times 0 is 0). In the implementation, this is not true. Why is this so? Appendix contains just the raw values after calculation. It does not show how it is derived from the sine function.

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  • Where do we put "asking the world" code when we separate computation from side effects?

    - by Alexey
    According to Command-Query Separation principle, as well as Thinking in Data and DDD with Clojure presentations one should separate side effects (modifying the world) from computations and decisions, so that it would be easier to understand and test both parts. This leaves an unanswered question: where relatively to the boundary should we put "asking the world"? On the one hand, requesting data from external systems (like database, extental services' APIs etc) is not referentially transparent and thus should not sit together with pure computational and decision making code. On the other hand, it's problematic, or maybe impossible to tease them apart from computational part and pass it as an argument as because we may not know in advance which data we may need to request.

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  • Is Agile the new micromanagement?

    - by Smith James
    This question has been cooking in my head for a while so I wanted to ask those who are following agile/scrum practices in their development environments. My company has finally ventured into incorporating agile practices and has started out with a team of 4 developers in an agile group on a trial basis. It has been 4 months with 3 iterations and they continue to do it without going fully agile for the rest of us. This is due to the fact that management's trust to meet business requirements with a quite a bit of ad hoc type request from high above. Recently, I talked to the developers who are part of this initiative; they tell me that it's not fun. They are not allowed to talk to other developers by their Scrum master and are not allowed to take any phone calls in the work area (which maybe fine to an extent). For example, if I want to talk to my friend for kicks who is in the agile team, I am not allowed without the approval of the Scrum master; who is sitting right next to the agile team. The idea of all this or the agile is to provide a complete vacuum for agile developers from any interruptions and to have them put in good 6+ productive hours. Well, guys, I am no agile guru but what I have read Yahoo agile rollout document and similar for other organizations, it gives me a feeling that agile is not cheap. It require resources and budget to instill agile into the teams and correct issue as they arrive to put them back on track. For starters, it requires training for developers and coaching for managers and etc, etc... The current Scrum master was a manager who took a couple days agile training class paid by the management is now leading this agile team. I have also heard in the meeting that agile manifesto doesn't dictate that agile is not set in stones and is customized differently for each company. Well, it all sounds good and reason. In conclusion, I always thought the agile was supposed to bring harmony in the development teams which results in happy developers. However, I am getting a very opposite feeling when talking to the developers in the agile team. They are unhappy that they cannot talk anything but work, sitting quietly all day just working, and they feel it's just another way for management to make them work more. Tell me please, if this is one of the examples of good practices used for the purpose of selfish advantage for more dollars? Or maybe, it's just us the developers like me and this agile team feels that they don't like to work in an environment where they only breathe work because they are at work. Thanks. Edit: It's a company in healthcare domain that has offices across US. It definitely feels like a cowboy style agile which makes me really not wanting to go for agile at all, esp at my current company. All of it has to do with the management being completely cheap. Cutting out expensive coffee for cheaper version, emphasis on savings and being productive while staying as lean as possible. My feeling is that someone in the management behind the door threw out this idea, that agile makes you produce more so we can show our bosses we're producing more with the same headcount. Or, maybe, it will allow us to reduce headcount if that's the case. EDITED: They are having their 5 min daily meeting. But not allowed to chat or talk with someone outside of their team. All focus is on work.

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  • build a Database from Ms Word list information...

    - by Jayron Soares
    Please someone can advise me how to approach a given problem: I have a sequential list of metadata in a document in MS Word. The basic idea is create a python algorithm to iterate over of the information, retrieving just the name of PROCESS, when is made a queue, from a database. for example. Process: Process Walker (1965) Exact reference: Walker Process Equipment., nc. v. Food Machinery Corp.. Link: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=382&invol= Type of procedure: Certiorari To The United States Court of Appeals for the SeventhCircuit. Parties: Walker Process Equipment, Inc. Sector: Systems is … Start Date: October 12-13 Arguedas, 1965 Summary: Food Machinery Company has initiated a process to stop or slow the entry of competitors through the use of a patent obtained by fraud. The case concerned a patenton "knee ction swing diffusers" used in aeration equipment for sewage treatment systems, and the question was whether "the maintenance and enforcement of a patent obtained by fraud before the patent office" may be a basis for antitrust punishment. Report of the evolution process: petitioner, in answer to respond .. Importance: a) First case which established an analysis for the diagnosis of dispute… There are about 200 pages containing the information above. I have in mind the idea of creating an algorithm in python to be able to break this information sequenced and try to store them in a web database[open source application that I’m looking for] in order to allow for free consultations ...

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  • Parsing scripts that use curly braces

    - by Keikoku
    To get an idea of what I'm doing, I am writing a python parser that will parse directx .x text files. The problem I have deals with how the files are formatted. Although I'm writing it in python, I'm looking for general algorithms for dealing with this sort of parsing. .x files define data using templates. The format of a template is template_name { [some_data] } The goal I have is to parse the file line-by-line and whenever I come across a template, I will deal with it accordingly. My initial approach was to check if a line contains an opening or closing brace. If it's an open brace, then I will check what the template name is. Now the catch here is that the open brace doesn't have to occur on the same line as the template name. It could just as well be template_name { [some_data] } So if I were to use my "open brace exists" criteria, it won't work for any files that use the latter format. A lot of languages also use curly braces (though I'm not sure when people would be parsing the scripts themselves), so I was wondering if anyone knows how to accurately get the template name (or in some other languages, it could just as well be a function name, though there aren't any keywords to look for)

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  • Online Judge System

    - by Deni Mf
    I'm planing to host a programing competition within my company, if the event is successful and there is a interest we plan to do this couple times a year. I've found the following self hosted platforms: http://www.domjudge.org/development http://sankhs.com/codejudge/ http://sharifjudge.ir/news/sharif-judge-12-released (does not support c#) And this online free service: http://www.codechef.com/hostyourcontest Can you share experience in hosting such event and what platforms did you used?

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  • Newbie, deciding Python or Erlang

    - by Joe
    Hi Guys, I'm a Administrator (unix, Linux and some windows apps such as Exchange) by experience and have never worked on any programming language besides C# and scripting on Bash and lately on powershell. I'm starting out as a service provider and using multiple network/server monitoring tools based on open source (nagios, opennms etc) in order to monitor them. At this moment, being inspired by a design that I came up with, to do more than what is available with the open source at this time, I would like to start programming and test some of these ideas. The requirement is that a server software that captures a stream of data and store them in a database(CouchDB or MongoDB preferably) and the client side (agent installed on a server) would be sending this stream of data on a schedule of every 10 minutes or so. For these two core ideas, I have been reading about Python and Erlang besides ruby. I do plan to use either Amazon or Rackspace where the server platform would run. This gives me the scalability needed when we have more customers with many servers. For that reason alone, I thought Erlang was a better fit(I could be totally wrong, new to this game) and I understand that Erlang has limited support in some ways compared to Ruby or Python. But also I'm totally new to the programming realm of things and any advise would be appreciated grately. Jo

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  • Woes of a Junior Developer - is it possible to not be cut out for programming?

    - by user575158
    (Let me start off by asking - please be gentle, I know this is subjective, but it's meant to incite discussion and provide information for others. If needed it can be converted to community wiki.) I recently was hired as a junior developer at a company I really like. I started out in the field doing QA and transitioned into more and more development work, which is what I really want to end up doing. I enjoy it, but more and more I am questioning whether I am really any good at it or not. Part of this is still growing into the junior developer role, I know, but how much? What are junior developers to expect, what should they be doing and not doing? What can I do to improve and show my company I am serious about this opportunity? I hate that I am costing them time by getting up to speed. I've been told by others that companies make investments in Junior devs and don't expect them to pay off for a while, but how much of this is true? There's got to be a point when it's apparent whether the investment will pay off or not. So far I've been trying to ask as many questions I can, but I've you've been obsessing over a simple problem for some time and the others know that, there comes a time when it's pretty embarrassing to have to get help after struggling so long. I've also tried to be as open to suggestion as possible and work with others to try to refactor my code, but sometimes this can be hard clashing with various team members' personal opinions (being told by someone to write it one way, and then having someone else make you rewrite it). I often get over-stressed and judge myself too harshly, but I just don't want to have to struggle the rest of my life trying to get things work if I just don't have the talent. In your experience, is programming something that almost everyone can learn, or something that some people just don't get? Do others feel this way, or did you feel that way when starting out? It scares me that I have no other job skills should I be unsuited for having the skills necessary to code well.

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  • DAL Exception handling in a MVP application

    - by Chathuranga
    In a MVP win forms application I'm handling exceptions as follows in DAL. Since the user messaging is not a responsibility of DAL, I want to move it in to my Presentation class. Could you show me a standard way to do that? public bool InsertAccount(IBankAccount ba) { string selectStatement = @"IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT ac_no FROM BankAccount WHERE ac_no=@ac_no) BEGIN INSERT INTO BankAccount ..."; using (SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(db.ConnectionString)) { using (SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(selectStatement, sqlConnection)) { try { sqlConnection.Open(); sqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@ac_no", SqlDbType.Char).Value = ba.AccountNumber; // // sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(); return true; } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show(("Error: " + e.Message)); } if (sqlConnection.State == System.Data.ConnectionState.Open) sqlConnection.Close(); return false; } } }

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  • Does code-generation increase the code quality?

    - by platzhirsch
    Arguing for code-generation I am looking for some reasons, if howsoever, code generation increases the code quality, respectively is in favor for quality insurance. To clarify what I mean with code-generation I can talk only about a project of mine: We use XML files to describe different relationships, in fact our database schema. These XML files are used to generate our ORM framework and HTML forms which can be used to add, delete and modify entities. To my mind, it increases the quality, as the human error is reduced. If someone was implemented wrong, it is broken in the model. This is good, because the error might appear a lot faster, as more generated code is broken, too.

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  • Is functional intellisense and code browsing more beneficial than the use of dependency injection containers

    - by Gavin Howden
    This question is really based on PHP, but could be valid for other dynamically typed, interpreted languages and specifically the methods of generating code insight and object browsing in development environments. We use PHPStorm, and find intellisense invaluable, but it is provided by some limited static analysis and parsing of doc comments. Obviously this does not lend well to obtaining dependencies through a container, as the IDE has no idea of the type returned, so the developer loses out on a plethora of (in the case of our framework anyway) rich documentation provided through the doc comments. So we start to see stuff like this: $widget = $dic->YieldInstance('WidgetA', $arg1, $arg2, $arg3, $arg4...)); /** * @var $widget WidgetA */ So that code insight works. In effect the comments are tightly bound, but worse they come out of sync when code is modified but not the comments: $widget = $dic->YieldInstance('WidgetB', $arg1, $arg2, $arg3, $arg4...)); /** * @var $widget WidgetA */ Obviously the comment could be improved by referencing a Widget interface, but then we might as well use a factory and avoid the requirement for the extra typing hints in the comments, and dic complexity / boiler plating. Which is more important to the average developer, code insight / intellisense or 'nirvana' decouplement?

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  • Convert HTML template (HTML Code) into an image using php library [on hold]

    - by user2727841
    I'm taking input from user through tiny mce editor which is actually html template (HTML Code) and i want to convert that html template (code) into an image using php libaray, How to do it? Is there any API (SDK) OR library for it? well I prefered API (SDK) OR library which actually convert html template (code) into an image... I've searched every where but didn't succeed, now can any one tell me any php library which convert html code into an image... Thanks in advance

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