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  • Copy files in folder up one directory in python

    - by Aaron Hoffman
    I have a folder with a few files that I would like to copy one directory up (this folder also has some files that I don't want to copy). I know there is the os.chdir("..") command to move me to the directory. However, I'm not sure how to copy those files I need into this directory. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to lazy load a data structure (python)

    - by Anton Geraschenko
    I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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  • I need to make a multithreading program (python)

    - by Andreawu98
    import multiprocessing import time from itertools import product out_file = open("test.txt", 'w') P = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p','q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',] N = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] M = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'] c = int(input("Insert the number of digits you want: ")) n = int(input("If you need number press 1: ")) m = int(input("If you need upper letters press 1: ")) i = [] if n == 1: P = P + N if m == 1: P = P + M then = time.time() def worker(): for i in product(P, repeat=c): #check every possibilities k = '' for z in range(0, c): # k = k + str(i[z]) # print each possibility in a txt without parentesis or comma out_file.write( k + '\n') # out_file.close() now = time.time() diff = str(now - then) # To see how long does it take print(diff) worker() time.sleep(10) # just to check console The code check every single possibility and print it out in a test.txt file. It works but I really can't understand how can I speed it up. I saw it use 1 core out of my quad core CPU so I thought Multi-threading might work even though I don't know how. Please help me. Sorry for my English, I am from Italy.

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  • Python List length as a string

    - by mvid
    Is there a preferred (not ugly) way of outputting a list length as a string? Currently I am nesting function calls like so: print "Length: %s" % str(len(self.listOfThings)) This seems like a hack solution, is there a more graceful way of achieving the same result?

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  • convert the key in MIME encoded form in python

    - by jaysh
    this is the code : f = urllib.urlopen('http://pool.sks-keyservers.net:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search= 0x58e9390daf8c5bf3') #Retrieve the public key from PKS data = f.read() decoded_bytes = base64.b64decode(data) print decoded_bytes i need to convert the key in MIME encoded form which is presently comes in (ascii armored) radix 64 format.for that i have to get this radix64 format in its binary form and also need to remove its header and checksum than coversion in MIME format but i didnt find any method which can do this conversion. i used the base64.b64decode method and its give me error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "RetEnc.py", line 12, in ? decoded_bytes = base64.b64decode(data) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/base64.py", line 76, in b64decode raise TypeError(msg) TypeError: Incorrect padding what to do i'didnt getting .can anybody suggest me something related to this...... thanks!!!!

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  • Catch clearly defined exception from sub.submodule in python

    - by mynthon
    I have 3 files. xxx which imports xxx2 and xxx2 imports xxx3 which one raises OppsError exception. xxx3.py: class OppsError(Exception):pass def go(): raise OppsError() xxx2.py: import xxx3 xxx3.go() xxx.py: try: import xxx2 except xxx3.OppsError: print 'ops' When i run xxx.py i get error NameError: name 'xxx3' is not defined. Is importing xxx3 inside xxx only way to catch OppsError?

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  • python win32api registery key change

    - by user340495
    Hi, I am trying to trigger an event every time a registry value is being modified. import win32api import win32event import win32con import _winreg key = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,'Control Panel\Desktop',0,_winreg.KEY_READ) sub_key = _winreg.CreateKey(key,'Wallpaper') evt = win32event.CreateEvent(None,0,0,None) win32api.RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(sub_key,1,win32api.REG_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES,evt,True) ret_code=win32event.WaitForSingleObject(evt,3000) if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_OBJECT_0: print "CHANGED" if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_TIMEOUT: print "TIMED" my problem is that this is never triggered , the event always time-out. (the reg key I am trying to follow is the wallpaper) [ please note I trigger the event by 1) manually changing the registry value in regedit 2) an automated script which run this : from ctypes import windll from win32con import * windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0,"C:\wall.jpg",SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ] Thanks for any help in advance :) EDIT:: sorry about formatting

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  • Assistance with regular expressions in Python

    - by da5id
    I am still learning REGEX, and I've run into an issue ... I am trying to separate a string that is composed of a mixture of letters and numbers that are in decimal format: AB0.500CD1.05EF2.29 Into something like this: list1 = AB,CD,EF list2 = 0.500,1.05,2.29 A complication to all this is that I also have strings that look like this: AB1CD2EF3 Which I'd also like to separate into this: list1 = AB,CD,EF list2 = 1,2,3 A previous inquiry yielded the following snippet, import re pattern = re.compile(r'([a-zA-Z]+)([0-9]+)') for (letters, numbers) in re.findall(pattern,cmpnd): print numbers print letters This example works fine for strings of the 2nd kind, but only "finds" the leading digit in the numbers that contain decimal places in the strings of the first kind. I've attempted an approach using the following line: pattern = re.compile(r'([a-zA-Z]+)([0-9]+(\.[0-9]))') But this results in an error: "ValueError: too many values to unpack" Thanks for any and all assistance!

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  • Python sort 2-D list by time string

    - by Mark Kennedy
    How do I sort a multi dimensional list like this based on a time string? The sublists can be of different sizes (i.e. 4 and 5, here) I want to sort by comparing the first time string in each sublist (sublist[-4]) x = (['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5]) The sorted result would be sortedX = (['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5]) I tried the following: sortedX = sorted(x, key=lambda k : k[-4]) #k[-4] is the first time string and it works but it doesn't respect the sublist size ordering

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  • python tarfile adding files without directory hiearchy

    - by theactiveactor
    When I invoke add() on a tarfile object with a file path, the file is added to the tarball with directory hiearchy associated .In other words, if I unzip the tarfile the directories in the original dir hiearchy are reproduced. Is there a way to simply add a plainfile without directory info that untarring the resulting tarball produce a flat list of files?

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  • Automatically registering "commands" for a command line program in python

    - by seandavi
    I would like to develop a command-line program that can process and give "help" for subcommands. To be concrete, say I have a single script called "cgent" and I would like to have subcommands "abc", "def", and "xyz" execute and accept the rest of the sys.args for processing by optparse. cgent abc [options] cgent help abc .... All of this is straightforward if I hard-code the subcommand names. However, I would like to be able to continue to add subcommands by adding a class or module (?). This is similar to the idea that is used by web frameworks for adding controllers, for example. I have tried digging through pylons to see if I can recreate what is done there, but I have not unravelled the logic. Any suggestions on how to do this? Thanks, Sean

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  • (Python) algorithm to randomly select a key based on proportionality/weight

    - by LaundroMat
    Hi - I'm a bit at a loss as to how to find a clean algorithm for doing the following: Suppose I have a dict k: >>> k = {'A': 68, 'B': 62, 'C': 47, 'D': 16, 'E': 81} I now want to randomly select one of these keys, based on the 'weight' they have in the total (i.e. sum) amount of keys. >>> sum(k.values()) >>> 274 So that there's a >>> 68.0/274.0 >>> 0.24817518248175183 24.81% percent change that A is selected. How would you write an algorithm that takes care of this? In other words, that makes sure that on 10.000 random picks, A will be selected 2.481 times?

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  • Python - open text file, but specify name when executing command

    - by Dunnolol
    I have a directory of text files that all end in the extension .txt My goal is to print the contents of the text file. I wish to be able use the wildcard *.txt to be able to specific the text file name I wish to open (I'm thinking along the lines of something like "F:\text*.txt" ?), split the lines of the text file, then print the output. Here is an example of what I want to do, but I want to be able to change "somefile" when executing my command. f = open('F:\text\somefile.txt', 'r') for line in f: print line,

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  • Python: combine two neighbor list components

    - by kame
    When i use this code I get elements wich containing one number or letter. How to combine two neighbors? data = '4D41544C414220352E30204D41542D66696C652C20506C6174666F726D3A20504357494E2C2043726561746564206F6E3A20576564204D61792030352031363A31393A3337203230313020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200001494D0F00000026000000789CE36360607000623620E680D220C00AE53343312310BA00692620E604F351010025BE00C8' data2 = list(data) print data2

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  • Python unittest: Generate multiple tests programmatically?

    - by Rosarch
    I have a function to test, under_test, and a set of expected input/output pairs: [ (2, 332), (234, 99213), (9, 3), # ... ] I would like each one of these input/output pairs to be tested in its own test_* method. Is that possible? This is sort of what I want, but forcing every single input/output pair into a single test: class TestPreReqs(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.expected_pairs = [(23, 55), (4, 32)] def test_expected(self): for exp in self.expected_pairs: self.assertEqual(under_test(exp[0]), exp[1]) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()

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  • Python - Removing duplicates from a string

    - by Daniel
    def remove_duplicates(strng): """ Returns a string which is the same as the argument except only the first occurrence of each letter is present. Upper and lower case letters are treated as different. Only duplicate letters are removed, other characters such as spaces or numbers are not changed. >>> remove_duplicates('apple') 'aple' >>> remove_duplicates('Mississippi') 'Misp' >>> remove_duplicates('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog') 'The quick brown fx jmps v t lazy dg' >>> remove_duplicates('121 balloons 2 u') '121 balons 2 u' """ s = strng.split() return strng.replace(s[0],"") Writing a function to get rid of duplicate letters but so far have been playing around for an hour and can't get anything. Help would be appreciated, thanks.

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  • Python code, extracting extensions

    - by user1434001
    import os path = '/Users/Marjan/Documents/Nothing/Costco' print path names = os.listdir(path) print len(names) for name in names: print name Here is the code I've been using, it lists all the names in this category in terminal. There are a few filenames in this file (Costco) that don't have .html and _files. I need to pick them out, the only issue is that it has over 2,500 filenames. Need help on a code that will search through this path and pick out all the filenames that don't end with .html or _files. Thanks guys

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  • Number of elements in Python Set

    - by Tim
    I have a list of phone numbers that have been dialed (nums_dialed). I also have a set of phone numbers which are the number in a client's office (client_nums) How do I efficiently figure out how many times I've called a particular client (total) For example: >>>nums_dialed=[1,2,2,3,3] >>>client_nums=set([2,3]) >>>??? total=4 Problem is that I have a large-ish dataset: len(client_nums) ~ 10^5; and len(nums_dialed) ~10^3.

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  • Python/Numpy - Save Array with Column AND Row Titles

    - by Scott B
    I want to save a 2D array to a CSV file with row and column "header" information (like a table). I know that I could use the header argument to numpy.savetxt to save the column names, but is there any easy way to also include some other array (or list) as the first column of data (like row titles)? Below is an example of how I currently do it. Is there a better way to include those row titles, perhaps some trick with savetxt I'm unaware of? import csv import numpy as np data = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4) # Add a '' for the first column because the row titles go there... cols = ['', 'col1', 'col2', 'col3', 'col4'] rows = ['row1', 'row2', 'row3'] with open('test.csv', 'wb') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(cols) for row_title, data_row in zip(rows, data): writer.writerow([row_title] + data_row.tolist())

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