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  • How to permanently change a variable in a Python game loop

    - by Wehrdo
    I have a game loop like this: #The velocity of the object velocity_x = 0.09 velocity_y = 0.03 #If the location of the object is over 5, bounce off. if loc_x > 5: velocity_x = (velocity_x * -1) if loc_y > 5: velocity_y = (velocity_y * -1) #Every frame set the object's position to the old position plus the velocity obj.setPosition([(loc_x + velocity_x),(loc_y + velocity_y),0]) Basically, my problem is that in the if loops, I change the variable from its original value to the inverse of its old value. But because I declare the variable's value at the beginning of the script, the velocity variables don't stay on what I change it to. I need a way to change the variable's value permanently. Thank you!

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  • Python beautiful soup arguments

    - by scott
    Hi I have this code that fetches some text from a page using BeautifulSoup soup= BeautifulSoup(html) body = soup.find('div' , {'id':'body'}) print body I would like to make this as a reusable function that takes in some htmltext and the tags to match it like the following def parse(html, atrs): soup= BeautifulSoup(html) body = soup.find(atrs) return body But if i make a call like this parse(htmlpage, ('div' , {'id':'body'}")) or like parse(htmlpage, ['div' , {'id':'body'}"]) I get only the div element, the body attribute seems to get ignored. Is there a way to fix this?

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  • Checking to see if a number is evenly divisible by other numbers with recursion in Python

    - by Ernesto
    At the risk of receiving negative votes, I will preface this by saying this is a midterm problem for a programming class. However, I have already submitted the code and passed the question. I changed the name of the function(s) so that someone can't immediately do a search and find the correct code, as that is not my purpose. I am actually trying to figure out what is actually MORE CORRECT from two pieces that I wrote. The problem tells us that a certain fast food place sells bite-sized pieces of chicken in packs of 6, 9, and 20. It wants us to create a function that will tell if a given number of bite-sized piece of chicken can be obtained by buying different packs. For example, 15 can be bought, because 6 + 9 is 15, but 16 cannot be bought, because no combination of the packs will equal 15. The code I submitted and was "correct" on, was: def isDivisible(n): """ n is an int Returns True if some integer combination of 6, 9 and 20 equals n Otherwise returns False. """ a, b, c = 20, 9, 6 if n == 0: return True elif n < 0: return False elif isDivisible(n - a) or isDivisible(n - b) or isDivisible(n - c): return True else: return False However, I got to thinking, if the initial number is 0, it will return True. Would an initial number of 0 be considered "buying that amount using 6, 9, and/or 20"? I cannot view the test cases the grader used, so I don't know if the grader checked 0 as a test case and decided that True was an acceptable answer or not. I also can't just enter the new code, because it is a midterm. I decided to create a second piece of code that would handle an initial case of 0, and assuming 0 is actually False: def isDivisible(n): """ n is an int Returns True if some integer combination of 6, 9 and 20 equals n Otherwise returns False. """ a, b, c = 20, 9, 6 if n == 0: return False else: def helperDivisible(n): if n == 0: return True elif n < 0: return False elif helperDivisible(n - a) or helperDivisible(n - b) or helperDivisible(n - c): return True else: return False return helperDivisible(n) As you can see, my second function had to use a "helper" function in order to work. My overall question, though, is which function do you think would provide the correct answer, if the grader had tested for 0 as an initial input?

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  • implement bank using python programming

    - by prajakta
    Write software for a bank. The program should be menu driven with the facility for bank employees to perform various operations. It should be written using all concepts of Object Oriented programming. You should be able to save your data in a file and read it back (because the bank people will shut down their computers when they go home :p ) Guidelines: The program may select to implement classes like Bank, Account, Savings Account, Fixed Deposit account, Customer, Depositor, Borrower, Transaction, etc.

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  • Match HTML tags in two strings using regex in Python

    - by jack
    I want to verify that the HTML tags present in a source string are also present in a target string. For example: >> source = '<em>Hello</em><label>What's your name</label>' >> verify_target(’<em>Hi</em><label>My name is Jim</label>') True >> verify_target('<label>My name is Jim</label><em>Hi</em>') True >> verify_target('<em>Hi<label>My name is Jim</label></em>') False

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  • Small Python optional arguments question

    - by ooboo
    I have two functions: def f(a,b,c=g(b)): blabla def g(n): blabla c is an optional argument in function f. If the user does not specify its value, the program should compute g(b) and that would be the value of c. But the code does not compile - it says name 'b' is not defined. How to fix that? Someone suggested: def g(b): blabla def f(a,b,c=None): if c is None: c = g(b) blabla But this doesn't work, because maybe the user intended c to be None and then c will have another value.

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  • ListCtrl - wxPython / Python

    - by Francisco Aleixo
    Hello everyone. My question is if we can assign/bind some value to a certain item and hide that value(or if we can do the same thing in another way). Example: Lets say the columns on ListCtrl are "Name" and "Description": self.lc = wx.ListCtrl(self, -1, style=wx.LC_REPORT) self.lc.InsertColumn(0, 'Name') self.lc.InsertColumn(1, 'Description') And when I add a item I want them to show the Name parameter and the description: num_items = self.lc.GetItemCount() self.lc.InsertStringItem(num_items, "Randomname") self.lc.SetStringItem(num_items, 1, "Some description here") Now what I want to do is basically assign something to that item that is not shown so I can access later on the app. So I would like to add something that is not shown on the app but is on the item value like: hiddendescription = "Somerandomthing" Still didn't undestand? Well lets say I add a button to add a item with some other TextCtrls to set the parameters and the TextCtrls parameters are: "Name" "Description" "Hiddendescription" So then the user fills this textctrls out and clicks the button to create the item, and I basically want only to show the Name and Description and hide the "HiddenDescription" but to do it so I can use it later. Sorry for explaining more than 1 time on this post but I want to make sure you understand what I pretend to do.

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  • Python - List of Lists Slicing Behavior

    - by Dan Dobint
    When I define a list and try to change a single item like this: list_of_lists = [['a', 'a', 'a'], ['a', 'a', 'a'], ['a', 'a', 'a']] list_of_lists[1][1] = 'b' for row in list_of_lists: print row It works as intended. But when I try to use list comprehension to create the list: row = ['a' for range in xrange(3)] list_of_lists = [row for range in xrange(3)] list_of_lists[1][1] = 'b' for row in list_of_lists: print row It results in an entire column of items in the list being changed. Why is this? How can I achieve the desired effect with list comprehension?

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  • Python regex on list

    - by Peter Nielsen
    Hi there I am trying to build a parser and save the results as an xml file but i have problems.. For instance i get a TypeError: expected string or buffer when i try to run the code.. Would you experts please have a look at my code ? import urllib2, re from xml.dom.minidom import Document from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as bs osc = open('OSCTEST.html','r') oscread = osc.read() soup=bs(oscread) doc = Document() root = doc.createElement('root') doc.appendChild(root) countries = doc.createElement('countries') root.appendChild(countries) findtags1 = re.compile ('<h1 class="title metadata_title content_perceived_text(.*?)</h1>', re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE).findall(soup) findtags2 = re.compile ('<span class="content_text">(.*?)</span>', re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE).findall(soup) for header in findtags1: title_elem = doc.createElement('title') countries.appendChild(title_elem) header_elem = doc.createTextNode(header) title_elem.appendChild(header_elem) for item in findtags2: art_elem = doc.createElement('artikel') countries.appendChild(art_elem) s = item.replace('<P>','') t = s.replace('</P>','') text_elem = doc.createTextNode(t) art_elem.appendChild(text_elem) print doc.toprettyxml()

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  • Redirect print in Python: val = print(arg) to output mixed iterable to file

    - by emcee
    So lets say I have an incredibly nested iterable of lists/dictionaries. I would like to print them to a file as easily as possible. Why can't I just redirect print to a file? val = print(arg) gets a SyntaxError. Is there a way to access stdinput? And why does print take forever with massive strings? Bad programming on my side for outputting massive strings, but quick debugging--and isn't that leveraging the strength of an interactive prompt? There's probably also an easier way than my gripe. Has the hive-mind an answer?

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  • How do I calculate percentiles with python/numpy?

    - by Uri
    Is there a convenient way to calculate percentiles for a sequence or single-dimensional numpy array? I am looking for something similar to Excel's percentile function. I looked in NumPy's statistics reference, and couldn't find this. All I could find is the median (50th percentile), but not something more specific.

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  • Algorithm detect repeating/similiar strings in a corpus of data -- say email subjects, in Python

    - by RizwanK
    I'm downloading a long list of my email subject lines , with the intent of finding email lists that I was a member of years ago, and would want to purge them from my Gmail account (which is getting pretty slow.) I'm specifically thinking of newsletters that often come from the same address, and repeat the product/service/group's name in the subject. I'm aware that I could search/sort by the common occurrence of items from a particular email address (and I intend to), but I'd like to correlate that data with repeating subject lines.... Now, many subject lines would fail a string match, but "Google Friends : Our latest news" "Google Friends : What we're doing today" are more similar to each other than a random subject line, as is: "Virgin Airlines has a great sale today" "Take a flight with Virgin Airlines" So -- how can I start to automagically extract trends/examples of strings that may be more similar. Approaches I've considered and discarded ('because there must be some better way'): Extracting all the possible substrings and ordering them by how often they show up, and manually selecting relevant ones Stripping off the first word or two and then count the occurrence of each sub string Comparing Levenshtein distance between entries Some sort of string similarity index ... Most of these were rejected for massive inefficiency or likelyhood of a vast amount of manual intervention required. I guess I need some sort of fuzzy string matching..? In the end, I can think of kludgy ways of doing this, but I'm looking for something more generic so I've added to my set of tools rather than special casing for this data set. After this, I'd be matching the occurring of particular subject strings with 'From' addresses - I'm not sure if there's a good way of building a data structure that represents how likely/not two messages are part of the 'same email list' or by filtering all my email subjects/from addresses into pools of likely 'related' emails and not -- but that's a problem to solve after this one. Any guidance would be appreciated.

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  • Python: import the containing package

    - by guy
    In a module residing inside a package, i have the need to use a function defined within the __init__.py of that package. how can i import the package within the module that resides within the package, so i can use that function? Importing __init__ inside the module will not import the package, but instead a module named __init__, leading to two copies of things with different names... Is there a pythonic way to do this?

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  • Python File Search Line And Return Specific Number of Lines after Match

    - by Simos Anderson
    I have a text file that has lines representing some data sets. The file itself is fairly long but it contains certain sections of the following format: Series_Name INFO Number of teams : n1 | Team | # | wins | | TeamName1 | x | y | . . . | TeamNamen1 | numn | numn | Some Irrelevant lines Series_Name2 INFO Number of teams : n1 | Team | # | wins | | TeamName1 | num1 | num2 | . where each section has a header that begins with the Series_Name. Each Series_Name is different. The line with the header also includes the number of teams in that series, n1. Following the header line is a set of lines that represents a table of data. For each series there are n1+1 rows in the table, where each row shows an individual team name and associated stats. I have been trying to implement a function that will allow the user to search for a Team name and then print out the line in the table associated with that team. However, certain team names show up under multiple series. To resolve this, I am currently trying to write my code so that the user can search for the header line with series name first and then print out just the following n1+1 lines that represent the data associated with the series. Here's what I have come up with so far: import re print fname = raw_input("Enter filename: ") seriesname = raw_input("Enter series: ") def findcounter(fname, seriesname): logfile = open(fname, "r") pat = 'INFO Number of teams :' for line in logfile: if seriesname in line: if pat in line: s=line pattern = re.compile(r"""(?P<name>.*?) #starting name \s*INFO #whitespace and success \s*Number\s*of\s*teams #whitespace and strings \s*\:\s*(?P<n1>.*)""",re.VERBOSE) match = pattern.match(s) name = match.group("name") n1 = int(match.group("n1")) print name + " has " + str(n1) + " teams" lcount = 0 for line in logfile: if line.startswith(name): if pat in line: while lcount <= n1: s.append(line) lcount += 1 return result The first part of my code works; it matches the header line that the person searches for, parses the line, and then prints out how many teams are in that series. Since the header line basically tells me how many lines are in the table, I thought that I could use that information to construct a loop that would continue printing each line until a set counter reached n1. But I've tried running it, and I realize that the way I've set it up so far isn't correct. So here's my question: How do you return a number of lines after a matched line when given the number of desired lines that follow the match? I'm new to programming, and I apologize if this question seems silly. I have been working on this quite diligently with no luck and would appreciate any help.

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  • Get Path of Uploaded File using Python

    - by Ali
    Is it possible to get the full path of the file on the user's computer being uploaded to my site? Using os.path.abspath(fileitem.filename) simply gets me the address of where my script is executing from on my shared hosting server. FYI: fileitem = form['file'] and form = cgi.FieldStorage()

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  • Python: Getting the attribute name that the created object will be given

    - by cool-RR
    Before I ask this, do note: I want this for debugging purposes. I know that this is going to be some bad black magic, but I want to use it just during debugging so I could identify my objects more easily. It's like this. I have some object from class A that creates a few B instances as attributes: class A(object): def __init__(self) self.vanilla_b = B() self.chocolate_b = B() class B(object): def __init__(self): # ... What I want is that in B.__init__, it will figure out the "vanilla_b" or whatever attribute name it was given, and then put that as the .name attribute to this specific B. Then in debugging when I see some B object floating around, I could know which one it is. Is there any way to do this?

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  • python iterators and thread-safety

    - by Igor
    I have a class which is being operated on by two functions. One function creates a list of widgets and writes it into the class: def updateWidgets(self): widgets = self.generateWidgetList() self.widgets = widgets the other function deals with the widgets in some way: def workOnWidgets(self): for widget in self.widgets: self.workOnWidget(widget) each of these functions runs in it's own thread. the question is, what happens if the updateWidgets() thread executes while the workOnWidgets() thread is running? I am assuming that the iterator created as part of the for...in loop will keep some kind of reference to the old self.widgets object? So I will finish iterating over the old list... but I'd love to know for sure.

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  • finding max in python as per some custom criterion

    - by MK
    Hi, I can do max(s) to find the max of a sequence. But suppose I want to compute max according to my own function , something like so - currmax = 0 def mymax(s) : for i in s : #assume arity() attribute is present currmax = i.arity() if i.arity() > currmax else currmax Is there a clean pythonic way of doing this? Thanks!

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  • Parsing text file in python

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, I have html-file. I have to replace all text between this: [%anytext%]. As I understand, it's very easy to do with BeautifulSoup for parsing hmtl. But what is regular expression and how to remove&write back text data?

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  • python packaging causes importerror

    - by Absolute0
    I am getting an annoying import error when I try to import a variable in an init.py file. I have attached the files involved and my directory structure: #/home/me/app/app/__init__.py from flaskext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy db = SQLAlchemy(app) #/home/me/app/app/models/__init__.py from datetime import datetime from app import db #shell [me@archlinux app]$ pwd /home/me/app [me@archlinux app]$ ./manage.py /home/me/app/app/__init__.pyc Traceback (most recent call last): File "./manage.py", line 7, in <module> from app import app File "/home/me/app/app/__init__.py", line 3, in <module> from app.views.post import post File "/home/me/app/app/views/post.py", line 4, in <module> from app.models import Post File "/home/me/app/app/models/__init__.py", line 5, in <module> from app import db ImportError: cannot import name db [me@archlinux app]$ tree . +-- apikey.txt +-- manage.py +-- app ¦   +-- forms ¦   ¦   +-- __init__.py ¦   ¦   +-- __init__.py~ ¦   +-- __init__.py ¦   +-- __init__.py~ ¦   +-- __init__.pyc ¦   +-- models ¦   ¦   +-- __init__.py ¦   ¦   +-- __init__.py~ ¦   ¦   +-- __init__.pyc ¦   +-- static ¦   ¦   +-- css ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- style.css ¦   ¦   +-- images ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- favicon.png ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- logo.png ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- text_logo.png ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- thumb_down_active.png ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- thumb_down_inactive.png ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- thumb_up_active.png ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- thumb_up_inactive.png ¦   ¦   +-- js ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- index.js ¦   ¦   +-- sitemap.xml ¦   +-- templates ¦   ¦   +-- 404.html ¦   ¦   +-- 500.html ¦   ¦   +-- about.html ¦   ¦   +-- base.html ¦   ¦   +-- feedback ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- feedback_form.html ¦   ¦   +-- form.html ¦   ¦   +-- posts ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- comment.html ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- post.html ¦   ¦   ¦   +-- posts.html ¦   ¦   +-- spam.html ¦   ¦   +-- terms.html ¦   ¦   +-- users ¦   ¦   +-- login_form.html ¦   ¦   +-- sign_up_form.html ¦   +-- util ¦   ¦   +-- forms.py ¦   ¦   +-- honeypot.py ¦   ¦   +-- __init__.py ¦   ¦   +-- __init__.py~ ¦   ¦   +-- json_http.py ¦   ¦   +-- models.py ¦   ¦   +-- spam.py ¦   +-- views ¦   +-- feedback.py ¦   +-- __init__.py ¦   +-- __init__.pyc ¦   +-- post.py ¦   +-- post.pyc ¦   +-- user.py +-- settings.py +-- settings.pyc +-- TiddlyWiki.html 13 directories, 49 files What might be the problem?

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  • Spotting similarities and patterns within a string - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, this is the use case I'm trying to figure this out for. I have a list of spam subscriptions to a service and they are killing conversion rate and other usability studies. The emails inserted look like the following: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] roger[...]_surname[...]@hotmail.com What would be your suggestions on spotting these entries by using an automated script? It feels a little more complicated than it actually looks. Help would be very much appreciated!

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  • Best practice for Python Assert

    - by meade
    Is there a performance or code maintenance issue with using assert as part of the standard code instead of using it just for debugging purposes? Is assert x >= 0, 'x is less then zero' and better or worse then if x < 0: raise Exception, 'x is less then zero' Also, is there anyway to set a business rule like if x < 0 raise error that is always checked with out the try, except, finally so, if at anytime throughout the code x is < 0 an error is raised, like if you set assert x < 0 at the start of a function, anywhere within the function where x becomes less then 0 an exception is raised?

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  • Access class instance "name" dynamically in Python

    - by user328317
    In plain english: I am creating class instances dynamically in a for loop, the class then defines a few attributes for the instance. I need to later be able to look up those values in another for loop. Sample code: class A: def init(self, name, attr): self.name=name self.attr=attr names=("a1", "a2", "a3") x=10 for name in names: name=A(name, x) x += 1 ... ... ... for name in names: print name.attr How can I create an identifier for these instances so they can be accessed later on by "name"? I've figured a way to get this by associating "name" with the memory location: class A: instances=[] names=[] def init(self, name, attr): self.name=name self.attr=attr A.instances.append(self) A.names.append(name) names=("a1", "a2", "a3") x=10 for name in names: name=A(name, x) x += 1 ... ... ... for name in names: index=A.names.index(name) print "name: " + name print "att: " + str(A.instances[index].att) This has had me scouring the web for 2 days now, and I have not been able to find an answer. Maybe I don't know how to ask the question properly, or maybe it can't be done (as many other posts seemed to be suggesting). Now this 2nd example works, and for now I will use it. I'm just thinking there has to be an easier way than creating your own makeshift dictionary of index numbers and I'm hoping I didn't waste 2 days looking for an answer that doesn't exist. Anyone have anything? Thanks in advance, Andy Update: A coworker just showed me what he thinks is the simplest way and that is to make an actual dictionary of class instances using the instance "name" as the key.

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  • Python singleton pattern

    - by Javier Garcia
    Hi, someone can tell me why this is incorrect as a singleton pattern: class preSingleton(object): def __call__(self): return self singleton = preSingleton() a = singleton() b = singleton() print a==b a.var_in_a = 100 b.var_in_b = 'hello' print a.var_in_b print b.var_in_a Edit: The above code prints: True hello 100 thank you very much

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