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• howto distinguish composition and self-typing use-cases

  - by ayvango

  Scala has two instruments for expressing object composition: original self-type concept and well known trivial composition. I'm curios what situations I should use which in. There are obvious differences in their applicability. Self-type requires you to use traits. Object composition allows you to change extensions on run-time with var declaration. Leaving technical details behind I can figure two indicators to help with classification of use cases. If some object used as combinator for a complex structure such as tree or just have several similar typed parts (1 car to 4 wheels relation) than it should use composition. There is extreme opposite use case. Lets assume one trait become too big to clearly observe it and it got split. It is quite natural that you should use self-types for this case. That rules are not absolute. You may do extra work to convert code between this techniques. e.g. you may replace 4 wheels composition with self-typing over Product4. You may use Cake[T <: MyType] {part : MyType} instead of Cake { this : MyType => } for cake pattern dependencies. But both cases seem counterintuitive and give you extra work. There are plenty of boundary use cases although. One-to-one relations is very hard to decide with. Is there any simple rule to decide what kind of technique is preferable? self-type makes you classes abstract, composition makes your code verbose. self-type gives your problems with blending namespaces and also gives you extra typing for free (you got not just a cocktail of two elements but gasoline-motor oil cocktail known as a petrol bomb). How can I choose between them? What hints are there? Update: Let us discuss the following example: Adapter pattern. What benefits it has with both selt-typing and composition approaches?

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• An unusual type signature

  - by Travis Brown

  In Monads for natural language semantics, Chung-Chieh Shan shows how monads can be used to give a nicely uniform restatement of the standard accounts of some different kinds of natural language phenomena (interrogatives, focus, intensionality, and quantification). He defines two composition operations, A_M and A'_M, that are useful for this purpose. The first is simply ap. In the powerset monad ap is non-deterministic function application, which is useful for handling the semantics of interrogatives; in the reader monad it corresponds to the usual analysis of extensional composition; etc. This makes sense. The secondary composition operation, however, has a type signature that just looks bizarre to me: (<?>) :: (Monad m) => m (m a -> b) -> m a -> m b (Shan calls it A'_M, but I'll call it <?> here.) The definition is what you'd expect from the types; it corresponds pretty closely to ap: g <?> x = g >>= \h -> return $ h x I think I can understand how this does what it's supposed to in the context of the paper (handle question-taking verbs for interrogatives, serve as intensional composition, etc.). What it does isn't terribly complicated, but it's a bit odd to see it play such a central role here, since it's not an idiom I've seen in Haskell before. Nothing useful comes up on Hoogle for either m (m a -> b) -> m a -> m b or m (a -> b) -> a -> m b. Does this look familiar to anyone from other contexts? Have you ever written this function?

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• Which key value store is the most promising/stable?

  - by Mike Trpcic

  I'm looking to start using a key/value store for some side projects (mostly as a learning experience), but so many have popped up in the recent past that I've got no idea where to begin. Just listing from memory, I can think of: CouchDB MongoDB Riak Redis Tokyo Cabinet Berkeley DB Cassandra MemcacheDB And I'm sure that there are more out there that have slipped through my search efforts. With all the information out there, it's hard to find solid comparisons between all of the competitors. My criteria and questions are: (Most Important) Which do you recommend, and why? Which one is the fastest? Which one is the most stable? Which one is the easiest to set up and install? Which ones have bindings for Python and/or Ruby? Edit: So far it looks like Redis is the best solution, but that's only because I've gotten one solid response (from ardsrk). I'm looking for more answers like his, because they point me in the direction of useful, quantitative information. Which Key-Value store do you use, and why? Edit 2: If anyone has experience with CouchDB, Riak, or MongoDB, I'd love to hear your experiences with them (and even more so if you can offer a comparative analysis of several of them)

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• Common practice for higher-order-polymorphism in scala

  - by raichoo

  Hi, I'm trying to grasp higher-order-polymophism in scala by implementing a very basic interface that describes a monad but I come across a problem that I don't really understand. I implemented the same with C++ and the code looks like this: #include <iostream> template <typename T> class Value { private: T value; public: Value(const T& t) { this->value = t; } T get() { return this->value; } }; template < template <typename> class Container > class Monad { public: template <typename A> Container<A> pure(const A& a); }; template <template <typename> class Container> template <typename A> Container<A> Monad<Container>::pure(const A& a) { return Container<A>(a); } int main() { Monad<Value> m; std::cout << m.pure(1).get() << std::endl; return 0; } When trying to do the same with scala I fail: class Value[T](val value: T) class Monad[Container[T]] { def pure[A](a: A): Container[A] = Container[A](a) } object Main { def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { val m = new Monad[Value] m.pure(1) } } The compiler complains about: [raichoo@lain:Scala]:434> scalac highorder.scala highorder.scala:5: error: not found: value Container Container[A](a) ^ one error found What am I doing wrong here? There seems to be a fundamental concept I don't seem to understand about scala typeconstructors. Regards, raichoo

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• How would you go about parsing markdown?

  - by John Leidegren

  You can find the syntax here. The thing is, the source that follows with the download is written in perl. Which I have no intentions of honoring. It is riddled with regex and it relies on MD5 hashes to escape certain characters. Something is just wrong about that! I'm about to hard code a parser for markdown and I'm wonder if someone had some experience with this? Edit: If you don't have anything meaningful to say about the actual parsing of markdown, spare me the time. (This might sound harsh, but yes, I'm looking for insight, not a solution i.e. third-party library). To help a bit with the answers, regex are meant to identify patterns! NOT to parse an entire grammar. That people consider doing so is foobar. If you think about markdown, it's fundamentally based around the concept of paragraphs. As such, a reasonable approach might be to split the input into paragraphs. There are many kinds of paragraphs e.g. heading, text, list, blockquote, code. The challenge is thus to identify these paragraphs and in what context they occur. I'll be back with a solution, once I find it's worthy to be shared.

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• belongs_to with multiple models

  - by julie p

  Hi there! I am a Rails noob and have a question. I have a feed aggregator that is organized by this general concept: Feed Category (books, electronics, etc) Feed Site Section (home page, books page, etc) Feed (the feed itself) Feed Entry So: class Category < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :feeds has_many :feed_entries, :through => :feeds, :limit => 5 validates_presence_of :name attr_accessible :name, :id end class Section < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :feeds has_many :feed_entries, :through => :feeds, :limit => 5 attr_accessible :name, :id end class Feed < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :categories belongs_to :sections has_many :feed_entries validates_presence_of :name, :feed_url attr_accessible :name, :feed_url, :category_id, :section_id end class FeedEntry < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :feed belongs_to :category belongs_to :section validates_presence_of :title, :url end Make sense? Now, in my index page, I want to basically say... If you are in the Category Books, on the Home Page Section, give me the feed entries grouped by Feed... In my controller: def index @section = Section.find_by_name("Home Page") @books = Category.find_by_name("Books") end In my view: <%= render :partial => 'feed_list', :locals => {:feed_group => @books.feeds} -%> This partial will spit out the markup for each feed entry in the @books collection of Feeds. Now what I need to do is somehow combine the @books with the @section... I tried this: <%= render :partial => 'feed_list', :locals => {:feed_group => @books.feeds(:section_id => @section.id)} -%> But it isn't limiting by the section ID. I've confirmed the section ID by using the same code in the console... Make sense? Any advice? Thanks!

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• How do I properly implement a property in F#?

  - by Greg D

  Consider my first attempt, a simple type in F# like the following: type Test() = inherit BaseImplementingNotifyPropertyChangedViaOnPropertyChanged() let mutable prop: string = null member this.Prop with public get() = prop and public set value = match value with | _ when value = prop -> () | _ -> let prop = value this.OnPropertyChanged("Prop") Now I test this via C# (this object is being exposed to a C# project, so apparent C# semantics are desirable): [TestMethod] public void TaskMaster_Test() { var target = new FTest(); string propName = null; target.PropertyChanged += (s, a) => propName = a.PropertyName; target.Prop = "newString"; Assert.AreEqual("Prop", propName); Assert.AreEqual("newString", target.Prop); return; } propName is properly assigned, my F# Setter is running, but the second assert is failing because the underlying value of prop isn't changed. This sort of makes sense to me, because if I remove mutable from the prop field, no error is generated (and one should be because I'm trying to mutate the value). I think I must be missing a fundamental concept. What's the correct way to rebind/mutate prop in the Test class so that I can pass my unit test?

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• Best practices for managing updating a database with a complex set of changes

  - by Sarge

  I am writing an application where I have some publicly available information in a database which I want the users to be able to edit. The information is not textual like a wiki but is similar in concept because the edits bring the public information increasingly closer to the truth. The changes will affect multiple tables and the update needs to be automatically checked before affecting the public tables. I'm working on the design and I'm wondering if there are any best practices that might help with some particular issues. I want to provide undo capability. I want to show the user the combined result of all their changes. When the user says they're done, I need to check the underlying public data to make sure it hasn't been changed by somebody else. My current plan is to have the user work in a set of tables setup to be a private working area. Once they're ready they can kick off a process to check everything and update the public tables. Undo can be recorded using Command pattern saving to a table. Are there any techniques I might have missed or useful papers or patterns? Thanks in advance!

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• How to perform Linq select new with datetime in SQL 2008

  - by kd7iwp

  In our C# code I recently changed a line from inside a linq-to-sql select new query as follows: OrderDate = (p.OrderDate.HasValue ? p.OrderDate.Value.Year.ToString() + "-" + p.OrderDate.Value.Month.ToString() + "-" + p.OrderDate.Value.Day.ToString() : "") To: OrderDate = (p.OrderDate.HasValue ? p.OrderDate.Value.ToString("yyyy-mm-dd") : "") The change makes the line smaller and cleaner. It also works fine with our SQL 2008 database in our development environment. However, when the code deployed to our production environment which uses SQL 2005 I received an exception stating: Nullable Type must have a value. For further analysis I copied (p.OrderDate.HasValue ? p.OrderDate.Value.ToString("yyyy-mm-dd") : "") into a string (outside of a Linq statement) and had no problems at all, so it only causes an in issue inside my Linq. Is this problem just something to do with SQL 2005 using different date formats than from SQL 2008? Here's more of the Linq: dt = FilteredOrders.Where(x => x != null).Select(p => new { Order = p.OrderId, link = "/order/" + p.OrderId.ToString(), StudentId = (p.PersonId.HasValue ? p.PersonId.Value : 0), FirstName = p.IdentifierAccount.Person.FirstName, LastName = p.IdentifierAccount.Person.LastName, DeliverBy = p.DeliverBy, OrderDate = p.OrderDate.HasValue ? p.OrderDate.Value.Date.ToString("yyyy-mm-dd") : ""}).ToDataTable(); This is selecting from a List of Order objects. The FilteredOrders list is from another linq-to-sql query and I call .AsEnumerable on it before giving it to this particular select new query. Doing this in regular code works fine: if (o.OrderDate.HasValue) tempString += " " + o.OrderDate.Value.Date.ToString("yyyy-mm-dd");

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• ECM (Niche Vs Mass Market)

  - by Luj Reyes

  Hi Everyone, I recently started a little company with a couple of guys. Ours is the typical startup, a lot of ideas, dreams, talent and work hours :P. Our initial business plan was to develop a DM (Document Manager) with several features found on DropBox and other tools but with a big differentiator. Then we got in the team this Business Guy (I must say that several of us could be called 'Business Guys' but we are mainly hackers, he is just Another 'Networking Guy'), and along with him came this market analysis for a DM aimed at a very specific and narrow niche. We have many elements to believe in his market study and the idea is the classic "The market is X million, so if we grab a 10%...", and the market is really there to grab because all big providers deemed it too little and fled, let's say that the market is 5 million USD and demand very specific features. If we decide to go for this niche product we face a sales cycle of about 7 months, and the main goal of these revenue is to develop more ambitious projects. (Institutional VC is out of the question if you want to keep a marginal ownership of your company in my country). The only overlap between the niche and the mass market product features is the ability to store documents; everything else requires that we focus all of our efforts towards one or the other. I've studied a lot about the differences between Mass and Niche Markets, but I want to hear from people with actual experience. So everything comes down to this: If you have a really “saleable” idea what is the right thing to do: to go for the niche or go for the big prize and target primarily the mass market? Thanks for your input

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• Key Tips in WPF

  - by Brad Leach

  Office 2007 and the Ribbon introduced the concept of "Key Tips". In short, every single command in the Ribbon receives a letter which you can press to activate that command. ... The letters are indicated by small "KeyTips" which indicate the letter to press to activate the control. KeyTips are displayed using the Alt key, so using them feels similar to how menu navigation works in Windows. (Source: http://blogs.msdn.com/jensenh/archive/2006/04/12/574930.aspx) An example of the Key Tips can be shown as follows. In this diagram, the use has pressed the ALT key, and is awaiting further input. Are there any WPF Open Source examples of "Key Tips"? How would you go about implementing something like this feature in a generic way (i.e. not requiring a Ribbon)? How would you implement this using a MVVM pattern (given that ICommand does not support InputBindings). Note: ActiPro have implemented this feature in their implementation of a Ribbon, but they have not released source code.

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• Oracle why does creating trigger fail when there is a field called timestamp?

  - by Omar Kooheji

  I've just wasted the past two hours of my life trying to create a table with an auto incrementing primary key bases on this tutorial, The tutorial is great the issue I've been encountering is that the Create Target fails if I have a column which is a timestamp and a table that is called timestamp in the same table... Why doesn't oracle flag this as being an issue when I create the table? Here is the Sequence of commands I enter: Creating the Table: CREATE TABLE myTable (id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, field1 TIMESTAMP(6), timeStamp NUMBER, ); Creating the Sequence: CREATE SEQUENCE test_sequence START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1; Creating the trigger: CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER test_trigger BEFORE INSERT ON myTable REFERENCING NEW AS NEW FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT test_sequence.nextval INTO :NEW.ID FROM dual; END; / Here is the error message I get: ORA-06552: PL/SQL: Compilation unit analysis terminated ORA-06553: PLS-320: the declaration of the type of this expression is incomplete or malformed Any combination that does not have the two lines with a the word "timestamp" in them works fine. I would have thought the syntax would be enough to differentiate between the keyword and a column name. As I've said I don't understand why the table is created fine but oracle falls over when I try to create the trigger... CLARIFICATION I know that the issue is that there is a column called timestamp which may or may not be a keyword. MY issue is why it barfed when I tried to create a trigger and not when I created the table, I would have at least expected a warning. That said having used Oracle for a few hours, it seems a lot less verbose in it's error reporting, Maybe just because I'm using the express version though. If this is a bug in Oracle how would one who doesn't have a support contract go about reporting it? I'm just playing around with the express version because I have to migrate some code from MySQL to Oracle.

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• I have two choices of Master's classes this fall. Which is the most useful?

  - by ahplummer

  (For background purposes and context): I am a Software Engineer, and manage other Software Engineers currently. I kind of wear two hats right now: one of a programmer, and one as a 'team lead'. In this regard, I've started going back to school to get my Master's degree with an emphasis in Computer Science. I already have a Bachelor's in Computer Science, and have been working in the field for about 13 years. Our primary development environment is a Windows environment, writing in .NET, Delphi, and SQL Server. Choice #1: CST 798 DATA VISUALIZATION Course Description: Basically, this is a course on the "Processing" language: http://processing.org/ Choice #2: CST 711 INFORMATICS Course Description: (From catalog): Informatics is the science of the use and processing of data, information, and knowledge. This course covers a variety of applied issues from information technology, information management at a variety of levels, ranging from simple data entry, to the creation, design and implementation of new information systems, to the development of models. Topics include basic information representation, processing, searching, and organization, evaluation and analysis of information, Internet-based information access tools, ethics and economics of information sharing.

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• how do i work bool!

  - by user350217

  HI! im a beginner and im really getting frustrated with this whole concept. i dont understand how to exactly use the bool function. i know what it is but i cantfigure out how to make it work in my program. Im trying to say that if my variable "selection" is any letter beween 'A' and 'I' then it is valid and can continue on to the next function which is called calcExchangeAmt(amtExchanged, selection). if it is false i want it to ask the user if they want to repeat the program and if they agree to repeat i want it to clear the screen and restart to the main function. please help edit my work! this is my bool function: bool isSelectionValid(char selection, char yesNo, double amtExchanged) { bool validData; validData = true; if((selection >= 'a' && selection <= 'i') || (selection >= 'A' && selection <= 'I')) { validData = calcExchangeAmt (amtExchanged, selection); } else(validData == false); { cout<<"Do you wish to continue? (Y for Yes / N for No)"; cin>>yesNo; } do { main(); } while ((yesNo =='y')||(yesNo == 'Y')); { system("cls"); } return 0; } this is the warning that im gettng: warning C4800: 'double' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)

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• RegularExpression-esque search matching Objects in List

  - by Pindatjuh

  I'm currently working on an implementation of the following idea, and I was wondering if there is any literature on this subject. Working with Java, but the principle applies on any language with a decent type-system, I like to implement: matching Objects from a List using a RegularExpression-esque search: So let's say I have a List containing List<Object> x = new ArrayList<Object>(); x.add(new Object()); x.add("Hello World"); x.add("Second String"); x.add(5); // Integer (auto-boxing) x.add(6); // Integer Then I create a "Regular Expression" (not working with a stream of characters, but working with a stream of Objects), and instead of character-classes, I use type-system properties: [String][Integer] And this would match one sublist: {Match["Second String", 5]}. The expression: [String:length()<15] Will match two sublist (each of length 1) containing a String which instance is passing the expression instance.length() < 5: {Match["Hello World"],Match["Second String"]}. [Object][Object] Matches any pair in the List: {Match[Object,"Hello World"],Match["Second String", 5]}, in a streamed manner (no overlapping matches). Ofcourse, my implementation will have grouping, lookahead/lookbehinds and is hierarchical (i.e. matching n elements from Lists in Lists), etc. The above merely illustrates the concept. Is there a name for this principle, and is there literature available on it?

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• t-sql most efficient row to column? for xml path, pivot

  - by ajberry

  create table _orders ( OrderId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered ,CustomerId int ) create table _details ( DetailId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered ,OrderId int ,ProductId int ) insert into _orders (CustomerId) select 1 union select 2 union select 3 insert into _details (OrderId,ProductId) select 1,100 union select 1,158 union select 1,234 union select 2,125 union select 3,105 union select 3,101 union select 3,212 union select 3,250 -- select orderid ,REPLACE(( SELECT ' ' + CAST(ProductId as varchar) FROM _details d WHERE d.OrderId = o.OrderId ORDER BY d.OrderId,d.DetailId FOR XML PATH('') ),'&#x20;','') as Products from _orders o I am looking for the most performant way to turn rows into columns. I have a requirement to output the contents of the db (not actual schema above, but concept is similar) in both fixed width and delimited formats. The above FOR XML PATH query gives me the result I want, but when dealing with anything other than small amounts of data, can take awhile. I've looked at pivot but most of the examples I have found are aggregating information. I just to combine the child rows and tack them onto the parent. For example, for an order it would need to output: OrderId,Product1,Product2,Product3,etc Thoughts or suggestions? I am using SQL Server 2k5.

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• t-sql most efficient row to column? crosstab for xml path, pivot

  - by ajberry

  I am looking for the most performant way to turn rows into columns. I have a requirement to output the contents of the db (not actual schema below, but concept is similar) in both fixed width and delimited formats. The below FOR XML PATH query gives me the result I want, but when dealing with anything other than small amounts of data, can take awhile. select orderid ,REPLACE(( SELECT ' ' + CAST(ProductId as varchar) FROM _details d WHERE d.OrderId = o.OrderId ORDER BY d.OrderId,d.DetailId FOR XML PATH('') ),'&#x20;','') as Products from _orders o I've looked at pivot but most of the examples I have found are aggregating information. I just want to combine the child rows and tack them onto the parent. I should also point out I don't need to deal with the column names either since the output of the child rows will either be a fixed width string or a delimited string. For example, given the following tables: OrderId CustomerId ----------- ----------- 1 1 2 2 3 3 DetailId OrderId ProductId ----------- ----------- ----------- 1 1 100 2 1 158 3 1 234 4 2 125 5 3 101 6 3 105 7 3 212 8 3 250 for an order I need to output: orderid Products ----------- ----------------------- 1 100 158 234 2 125 3 101 105 212 250 or orderid Products ----------- ----------------------- 1 100|158|234 2 125 3 101|105|212|250 Thoughts or suggestions? I am using SQL Server 2k5. Example Setup: create table _orders ( OrderId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered ,CustomerId int ) create table _details ( DetailId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered ,OrderId int ,ProductId int ) insert into _orders (CustomerId) select 1 union select 2 union select 3 insert into _details (OrderId,ProductId) select 1,100 union select 1,158 union select 1,234 union select 2,125 union select 3,105 union select 3,101 union select 3,212 union select 3,250 using FOR XML PATH: select orderid ,REPLACE(( SELECT ' ' + CAST(ProductId as varchar) FROM _details d WHERE d.OrderId = o.OrderId ORDER BY d.OrderId,d.DetailId FOR XML PATH('') ),'&#x20;','') as Products from _orders o which outputs what I want, however is very slow for large amounts of data. One of the child tables is over 2 million rows, pushing the processing time out to ~ 4 hours. orderid Products ----------- ----------------------- 1 100 158 234 2 125 3 101 105 212 250

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• PHP: Aggregate Model Classes or Uber Model Classes?

  - by sunwukung

  In many of the discussions regarding the M in MVC, (sidestepping ORM controversies for a moment), I commonly see Model classes described as object representations of table data (be that an Active Record, Table Gateway, Row Gateway or Domain Model/Mapper). Martin Fowler warns against the development of an anemic domain model, i.e. a class that is nothing more than a wrapper for CRUD functionality. I've been working on an MVC application for a couple of months now. The DBAL in the application I'm working on started out simple (on account of my understanding - oh the benefits of hindsight), and is organised so that Controllers invoke Business Logic classes, that in turn access the database via DAO/Transaction Scripts pertinent to the task at hand. There are a few "Entity" classes that aggregate these DAO objects to provide a convenient CRUD wrapper, but also embody some of the "behaviour" of that Domain concept (for example, a user - since it's easy to isolate). Taking a look at some of the code, and thinking along refactoring some of the code into a Rich Domain Model, it occurred to me that were I to try and wrap the CRUD routines and behaviour of say, a Company into a single "Model" class, that would be a sizeable class. So, my question is this: do Models represent domain objects, business logic, service layers, all of the above combined? How do you go about defining the responsibilities for these components?

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• FLV performance and garbage collection

  - by justinbach

  I'm building a large flash site (AS3) that uses huge FLVs as transition videos from section to section. The FLVs are 1280x800 and are being scaled to 1680x1050 (much of which is not displayed to users with smaller screens), and are around 5-8 seconds apiece. I'm encoding the videos using On2's hi-def codec, VP6-S, and playback is pretty good with native FLV players, Perian-equipped Quicktime, and simple proof-of-concept FLV playback apps built in AS3. The problem I'm having is that in the context of the actual site, playback isn't as smooth; the framerate isn't quite as good as it should be, and more problematically, there's occasional jerkiness and dropped frames (sometimes pausing the video for as long as a quarter of a second or so). My guess is that this is being caused by garbage collection in the Flash player, which happens nondeterministically and is therefore hard to test and control for. I'm using a single instance of FLVPlayback to play the videos; I originally was using NetStream objects and so forth directly but switched to FLVPlayback for this reason. Has anyone experienced this sort of jerkiness with FLVPlayback (or more generally, with hi-def Flash video)? Am I right about GC being the culprit here, and if so, is there any way to prevent it during playback of these system-intensive transitions?

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• Deterministic and non uniform long string generation from seed

  - by Limonup

  I had this weird idea for an encryption that I wanted to try out, it may be bad, and it may have done before, but I'm just doing it for fun. The short version of the question is: Is it possible to generate a long, deterministic and non-uniformly distributed string/sequence of numbers from a small seed? Long(er) version: I was thinking to encrypt a text by changing encoding. The new encoding would be generated via Huffman algorithm. To work well, the Huffman algorithm would need a fairly long text with non uniform distribution. Then characters can have different bit-lengths which would be the primary strength of this encryption. The problem is that its impractical to enter in/remember a long text each time you want to decrypt the text. So I was wondering if it was possible to generate a text from password seed? It doesn't matter what the text is, as long as it has non uniform distribution of characters and that the exact same sequence can be recreated each time you give it the same seed. Preferably, are there any functions/extensions in Python that can do this? EDIT: To expand on the "strength" of varying bit length: if I have a string "test", ASCII values 116, 101, 115, 116, which gives bit values of 1110100 1100101 1110011 1110100 Then, say my Huffman algorithm generates encoding like t = 101 e = 1100111 s = 10001 The final string is 101 1100111 10001 101, if we encode this back to ASCII, we get 1011100 1111000 1101000, which is 3 entirely different characters. Obviously its impossible to perform any kind of frequency analysis or something like that on this.

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• Which book should I choose?

  - by sebastianlarsson

  Hi guys, I'm looking for a good read on object oriented design. The two books I'm currently looking Head First Design Patterns and Head First Object object-oriented analysis & design. They seem very similar when looking at the contents and browsing through available sample text. Which one would be the best choice? About myself: I have a bachelor in computer science and I am currently studying Msc. Software Quality Engineering (read Software Engineering with focus on Quality). I am already confident in object-oriented design and have a lot of programming courses in my backpack. I have done games in c++, courses in advanced java programming (I am SCJP certified), but my preferred language is C#. I have also worked with Java for the last 7 months while studying. I am currently also studying for certificates in C# (apart from my usual studies). So I believe I have the prerequisites of actually understanding the contents of both books. Reason: I just want to be better and keep evolving as a programmer. I think it is fun. I believe Bert Bates and Kathy Sierra are involved in both these books and I have previously read their SCJP preparation book in java. I really do enjoy their style of writing. Other books which I am considering are: Clean Code: A Handbook Of Agile Software Craftsmanship Thx in advance Sebastian

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• ploting 3d graph in matlab?

  - by lytheone

  Hello, I am currently a begineer, and i am using matlab to do a data analysis. I have a a text file with data at the first row is formatted as follow: time;wave height 1;wave height 2;....... I have column until wave height 19 and rows total 4000 rows. Data in the first column is time in second. From 2nd column onwards, it is wave height elevation which is in meter. At the moment I like to ask matlab to plot a 3d graph with time on the x axis, wave elevation on the y axis, and wave elevation that correspond to wave height number from 1 to 19, i.e. data in column 2 row 10 has a let say 8m which is correspond to wave height 1 and time at the column 1 row 10. I have try the following: clear; filename='abc.daf'; path='C:\D'; a=dlmread([path '\' filename],' ', 2, 1); [nrows,ncols]=size(a); t=a(1:nrows,1);%define t from text file for i=(1:20), j=(2:21); end wi=a(:,j); for k=(2:4000), l=k; end r=a(l,:); But everytime i use try to plot them, the for loop wi works fine, but for r=a(l,:);, the plot only either give me the last time data only but i want all data in the file to be plot. Is there a way i can do that. I am sorry as it is a bit confusing but i will be very thankful if anyone can help me out. Thank you!!!!!!!!!!

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• Bi-directional view model syncing with "live" collections and properties (MVVM)

  - by Schneider

  I am getting my knickers in a twist recently about View Models (VM). Just like this guy I have come to the conclusion that the collections I need to expose on my VM typically contain a different type to the collections exposed on my business objects. Hence there must be a bi-directional mapping or transformation between these two types. (Just to complicate things, on my project this data is "Live" such that as soon as you change a property it gets transmitted to other computers) I can just about cope with that concept, using a framework like Truss, although I suspect there will be a nasty surprise somewhere within. Not only must objects be transformed but a synchronization between these two collections is required. (Just to complicate things I can think of cases where the VM collection might be a subset or union of business object collections, not simply a 1:1 synchronization). I can see how to do a one-way "live" sync, using a replicating ObservableCollection or something like CLINQ. The problem then becomes: What is the best way to create/delete items? Bi-directinal sync does not seem to be on the cards - I have found no such examples, and the only class that supports anything remotely like that is the ListCollectionView. Would bi-directional sync even be a sensible way to add back into the business object collection? All the samples I have seen never seem to tackle anything this "complex". So my question is: How do you solve this? Is there some technique to update the model collections from the VM? What is the best general approach to this?

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• HATEOAS - Discovery and URI Templating

  - by Paul Kirby

  I'm designing a HATEOAS API for internal data at my company, but have been having troubles with the discovery of links. Consider the following set of steps for someone to retrieve information about a specific employee in this system: User sends GET to http://coredata/ to get all available resources, returns a number of links including one tagged as rel = "http://coredata/rels/employees" User follows HREF on the rel from the first request, performing a GET at (for example) http://coredata/employees The data returned from this last call is my conundrum and a situation where I've heard mixed suggestions. Here are some of them: That GET will return all employees (with perhaps truncated data), and the client would be responsible for picking the one it wants from that list. That GET would return a number of URI templated links describing how to query / get one employee / get all employees. Something like: "_links": { "http://coredata/rels/employees#RetrieveOne": { "href": "http://coredata/employees/{id}" }, "http://coredata/rels/employees#Query": { "href": "http://coredata/employees{?login,firstName,lastName}" }, "http://coredata/rels/employees#All": { "href": "http://coredata/employees/all" } } I'm a little stuck here with what remains closest to HATEOAS. For option 1, I really do not want to make my clients retrieve all employees every time for the sake of navigation, but I can see how using URI templating in example two introduces some out-of-band knowledge. My other thought was to use the RetrieveOne, Query, and All operations as my cool URLs, but that seems to violate the concept that you should be able to navigate to the resources you want from one base URI. Has anyone else managed to come up with a good way to handle this? Navigation is dead simple once you've retrieved one resource or a set of resources, but it seems very difficult to use for discovery.

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• Writing catch block with cleanup operations in Java ...

  - by kedarmhaswade

  I was not able to find any advise on catch blocks in Java that involve some cleanup operations which themselves could throw exceptions. The classic example is that of stream.close() which we usually call in the finally clause and if that throws an exception, we either ignore it by calling it in a try-catch block or declare it to be rethrown. But in general, how do I handle cases like: public void doIt() throws ApiException { //ApiException is my "higher level" exception try { doLower(); } catch(Exception le) { doCleanup(); //this throws exception too which I can't communicate to caller throw new ApiException(le); } } I could do: catch(Exception le) { try { doCleanup(); } catch(Exception e) { //ignore? //log? } throw new ApiException(le); //I must throw le } But that means I will have to do some log analysis to understand why cleanup failed. If I did: catch(Exception le) { try { doCleanup(); } catch(Exception e) { throw new ApiException(e); } It results in losing the le that got me here in the catch block in the fist place. What are some of the idioms people use here? Declare the lower level exceptions in throws clause? Ignore the exceptions during cleanup operation?

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