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• Surviving MATLAB and R as a Hardcore Programmer

  - by dsimcha

  I love programming in languages that seem geared towards hardcore programmers. (My favorites are Python and D.) MATLAB is geared towards engineers and R is geared towards statisticians, and it seems like these languages were designed by people who aren't hardcore programmers and don't think like hardcore programmers. I always find them somewhat awkward to use, and to some extent I can't put my finger on why. Here are some issues I have managed to identify: (Both): The extreme emphasis on vectors and matrices to the extent that there are no true primitives. (Both): The difficulty of basic string manipulation. (Both): Lack of or awkwardness in support for basic data structures like hash tables and "real", i.e. type-parametric and nestable, arrays. (Both): They're really, really slow even by interpreted language standards, unless you bend over backwards to vectorize your code. (Both): They seem to not be designed to interact with the outside world. For example, both are fairly bulky programs that take a while to launch and seem to not be designed to make simple text filter programs easy to write. Furthermore, the lack of good string processing makes file I/O in anything but very standard forms near impossible. (Both): Object orientation seems to have a very bolted-on feel. Yes, you can do it, but it doesn't feel much more idiomatic than OO in C. (Both): No obvious, simple way to get a reference type. No pointers or class references. For example, I have no idea how you roll your own linked list in either of these languages. (MATLAB): You can't put multiple top level functions in a single file, encouraging very long functions and cut-and-paste coding. (MATLAB): Integers apparently don't exist as a first class type. (R): The basic builtin data structures seem way too high level and poorly documented, and never seem to do quite what I expect given my experience with similar but lower level data structures. (R): The documentation is spread all over the place and virtually impossible to browse or search. Even D, which is often knocked for bad documentation and is still fairly alpha-ish, is substantially better as far as I can tell. (R): At least as far as I'm aware, there's no good IDE for it. Again, even D, a fairly alpha-ish language with a small community, does better. In general, I also feel like MATLAB and R could be easily replaced by plain old libraries in more general-purpose langauges, if sufficiently comprehensive libraries existed. This is especially true in newer general purpose languages that include lots of features for library writers. Why do R and MATLAB seem so weird to me? Are there any other major issues that you've noticed that may make these languages come off as strange to hardcore programmers? When their use is necessary, what are some good survival tips? Edit: I'm seeing one issue from some of the answers I've gotten. I have a strong personal preference, when I analyze data, to have one script that incorporates the whole pipeline. This implies that a general purpose language needs to be used. I hate having to write a script to "clean up" the data and spit it out, then another to read it back in a completely different environment, etc. I find the friction of using MATLAB/R for some of my work and a completely different language with a completely different address space and way of thinking for the rest to be a huge source of friction. Furthermore, I know there are glue layers that exist, but they always seem to be horribly complicated and a source of friction.

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• Learn Many Languages

  - by Phil Factor

  Around twenty-five years ago, I was trying to solve the problem of recruiting suitable developers for a large business. I visited the local University (it was a Technical College then). My mission was to remind them that we were a large, local employer of technical people and to suggest that, as they were in the business of educating young people for a career in IT, we should work together. I anticipated a harmonious chat where we could suggest to them the idea of mentioning our name to some of their graduates. It didn’t go well. The academic staff displayed a degree of revulsion towards the whole topic of IT in the world of commerce that surprised me; tweed met charcoal-grey, trainers met black shoes. However, their antipathy to commerce was something we could have worked around, since few of their graduates were destined for a career as university lecturers. They asked me what sort of language skills we needed. I tried ducking the invidious task of naming computer languages, since I wanted recruits who were quick to adapt and learn, with a broad understanding of IT, including development methodologies, technologies, and data. However, they pressed the point and I ended up saying that we needed good working knowledge of C and BASIC, though FORTRAN and COBOL were, at the time, still useful. There was a ghastly silence. It was as if I’d recommended the beliefs and practices of the Bogomils of Bulgaria to a gathering of Cardinals. They stared at me severely, like owls, until the head of department broke the silence, informing me in clipped tones that they taught only Modula 2. Now, I wouldn’t blame you if at this point you hurriedly had to look up ‘Modula 2′ on Wikipedia. Based largely on Pascal, it was a specialist language for embedded systems, but I’ve never ever come across it in a commercial business application. Nevertheless, it was an excellent teaching language since it taught modules, scope control, multiprogramming and the advantages of encapsulating a set of related subprograms and data structures. As long as the course also taught how to transfer these skills to other, more useful languages, it was not necessarily a problem. I said as much, but they gleefully retorted that the biggest local employer, a defense contractor specializing in Radar and military technology, used nothing but Modula 2. “Why teach any other programming language when they will be using Modula 2 for all their working lives?” said a complacent lecturer. On hearing this, I made my excuses and left. There could be no meeting of minds. They were providing training in a specific computer language, not an education in IT. Twenty years later, I once more worked nearby and regularly passed the long-deserted ‘brownfield’ site of the erstwhile largest local employer; the end of the cold war had led to lean times for defense contractors. A digger was about to clear the rubble of the long demolished factory along with the accompanying growth of buddleia and thistles, in order to lay the infrastructure for ‘affordable housing’. Modula 2 was a distant memory. Either those employees had short working lives or they’d retrained in other languages. The University, by contrast, was thriving, but I wondered if their erstwhile graduates had ever cursed the narrow specialization of their training in IT, as they struggled with the unexpected variety of their subsequent careers.

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• Is there an elegant way to track multiple domains under separate accounts with google analytics?

  - by J_M_J

  I have a situation where a content management system uses the same template for multiple websites with different domain names and I can't make a separate template for each. However, each website needs to be tracked with Google analytics. Would this be appropriate to track each domain like this by putting in some conditional code? And would this be robust enough not to break? Is there a more elegant way to do this? <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; switch (location.hostname){ case 'www.aaa.com': _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-xxxxxxx-1']); break; case 'www.bbb.com': _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-xxxxxxx-2']); break; case 'www.ccc.com': _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-xxxxxxx-3']); break; } _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script> Just to be clear, each website is a separate domain name and must be tracked separately, NOT different domains with same pages on one analytics profile.

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• Directing Multiple ccTLD's to 1 gTLD with a country specific subdirectory?

  - by Pascal Van Opzeeland

  We have multiple ccTLDomains and are thinking about how to best combine these into one. We want to do this to focus our link building efforts. We are running a website through which we offer a software-as-a-service. Therefore we could potentially sell to any country in the world. However, Germany is our most important market. We currently have a .com, .de, .nl. and .pl domain. All these domains have a high amount of unique content pages. What we are planning is to change everything to .com with language-based subdirectories, so .com/en/, .com/de/, etc. I have two questions concerning this issue: 1) How much of an advantage does a ccTLD have over a gTLD with country specific subdirectories in search rankings? So let’s say .de versus .com/de/? 2) How could we best redirect the visitors of our old ccTLD’s to our gTLD’s subdirectories? We would like to loose as few search engine rankings as possible. Thank you for your help.

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• How to limit / throttle bandwidth with *multiple* connections

  - by Led

  I'm writing an app in C# that downloads concurrently (in different threads) using multiple connections to multiple servers, and I'd like to be able to limit the used bandwidth. For a single connection the solution would be simple; I'd use the solution posted here : http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/Bandwidth_throttling.aspx which calculates a sleep-time for the single connection. I'd like to know what the best way is to do this for multiple connections. Using the ThrottledStream posted above and dividing the bandwidth (say 2MB/sec) evenly among the connections isn't right, if I'd have 3 very slow connections and 1 very fast one they'd all be capped to 512kb/sec, so the fast one won't go above 512kb/sec and the other 3 wouldn't even make that. The preferred solution I think is to cap only the fastest connection(s) so the slower connections are used optimally. Does anyone have any experience with this, example code or any advice ?

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• Storing multiple checkbox values in database

  - by Madjokr

  Hi, I want to store multiple column values in table.Lets take a example .. What are your favourite colors? the choices can be red,blue,green, orange. So lets assume, the user selects atleast 2 values. Is there any way to store the multiple values in table. I have implemented by concatinating choices of users in a column in the table. I later found that it is a bad practise. Currently i can think of using Bitwise operator and habtm. What are the different ways for storing multiple choices values in table? If I am implementing in rails, What is the best way to implement this with OOP concepts? Is there any builtin options in rails?

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• mysql LAST_INSERT_ID() used with multiple records INSERT statement

  - by bogdan

  Hello, If i insert multiple records with a loop that executes a single record insert, the last insert id returned is, as expected, the last one... but if i do a multiple records insert statement: INSERT INTO people (name,age) VALUES('William',25),('Bart',15),('Mary',12); let's say the three above are the first records inserted in the table...after the insert statement i expected last insert id to return 3, but it returned 1...the first insert id for the statement in question... So can someone please confirm if this is the normal behavior of LAST_INSERT_ID() in the context of multiple records INSERT statements...so i can base my code on it thanks :)

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• Why do some languages not use semicolons and braces?

  - by Incognito

  It is interesting that some languages do not use semicolons and braces, even though their predecessors had them. Personally, it makes me nervous to write code in Python because of this. Semicolons are also missing from Google's GO language, although the lexer uses a rule to insert semicolons automatically as it scans. Why do some languages not use semicolons and braces?

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• Does some Integer data types differnate with other Programming languages?

  - by Wayne

  Do Integer data types allow spaces when it should be just numeric? Do other programming languages allow spaces in an Integer data type? For example, MySQL database storage does not allow spaces to be stored in an int data type. Do other languages allow it?

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• Would javascript and similar scripting languages benefit from being strongly typed?

  - by cwap

  Just had my mind going today. I spent some time in IE debug mode, browsing the web as usual, and oh boy do I see many errors :) Most of these errors are because some value are of a different type than expected (at least as far as I interpret the error messages). What are the reasons JavaScript and similar scripting languages aren't strongly typed? Is it just to make the languages "easier" to understand and more accessable, or is the lack of a "compile-time" the real problem?

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• Alternatives to multiple inheritance for my architecture (NPCs in a Realtime Strategy game)?

  - by Brettetete

  Coding isn't that hard actually. The hard part is to write code that makes sense, is readable and understandable. So I want to get a better developer and create some solid architecture. So I want to do create an architecture for NPCs in a video-game. It is a Realtime Strategy game like Starcraft, Age of Empires, Command & Conquers, etc etc.. So I'll have different kinds of NPCs. A NPC can have one to many abilities (methods) of these: Build(), Farm() and Attack(). Examples: Worker can Build() and Farm() Warrior can Attack() Citizen can Build(), Farm() and Attack() Fisherman can Farm() and Attack() I hope everything is clear so far. So now I do have my NPC Types and their abilities. But lets come to the technical / programmatical aspect. What would be a good programmatic architecture for my different kinds of NPCs? Okay I could have a base class. Actually I think this is a good way to stick with the DRY principle. So I can have methods like WalkTo(x,y) in my base class since every NPC will be able to move. But now lets come to the real problem. Where do I implement my abilities? (remember: Build(), Farm() and Attack()) Since the abilities will consists of the same logic it would be annoying / break DRY principle to implement them for each NPC (Worker,Warrior, ..). Okay I could implement the abilities within the base class. This would require some kind of logic that verifies if a NPC can use ability X. IsBuilder, CanBuild, .. I think it is clear what I want to express. But I don't feel very well with this idea. This sounds like a bloated base class with too much functionality. I do use C# as programming language. So multiple inheritance isn't an opinion here. Means: Having extra base classes like Fisherman : Farmer, Attacker won't work.

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• Remove languages in translations?

  - by Pit

  Hi, I use spell-checker for 4 languages, en, de, fr, and lb. If I enable Spellchecking and writing aids for en, de or fr in System -> Administration -> Language Support there will be multiple versions of each language available, e.g. en , en_CA, en_GB, ... Is there a possibility to select only one of those language versions while enabling the language, or removing the others afterwards. It would be enough to remove them from the selection menu. I would like to use the version which is equal to the country the language originally comes from: e.g. de_DE, fr_FR, en_GB. For lb there is currently only lb_LU so there is no problem (yet). Instead of 4 languages I currently have around 20, which is kind of annoying when switching the language ( which I do quite often). There might be a similar problem for the menu translations, where if I understand correctly you can choose the order in which translations are applied if they exist. Any suggestions?

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• Uses of persistent data structures in non-functional languages

  - by Ray Toal

  Languages that are purely functional or near-purely functional benefit from persistent data structures because they are immutable and fit well with the stateless style of functional programming. But from time to time we see libraries of persistent data structures for (state-based, OOP) languages like Java. A claim often heard in favor of persistent data structures is that because they are immutable, they are thread-safe. However, the reason that persistent data structures are thread-safe is that if one thread were to "add" an element to a persistent collection, the operation returns a new collection like the original but with the element added. Other threads therefore see the original collection. The two collections share a lot of internal state, of course -- that's why these persistent structures are efficient. But since different threads see different states of data, it would seem that persistent data structures are not in themselves sufficient to handle scenarios where one thread makes a change that is visible to other threads. For this, it seems we must use devices such as atoms, references, software transactional memory, or even classic locks and synchronization mechanisms. Why then, is the immutability of PDSs touted as something beneficial for "thread safety"? Are there any real examples where PDSs help in synchronization, or solving concurrency problems? Or are PDSs simply a way to provide a stateless interface to an object in support of a functional programming style?

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• Making your WCF Web Apis to speak in multiple languages

  - by cibrax

  One of the key aspects of how the web works today is content negotiation. The idea of content negotiation is based on the fact that a single resource can have multiple representations, so user agents (or clients) and servers can work together to chose one of them. The http specification defines several “Accept” headers that a client can use to negotiate content with a server, and among all those, there is one for restricting the set of natural languages that are preferred as a response to a request, “Accept-Language”. For example, a client can specify “es” in this header for specifying that he prefers to receive the content in spanish or “en” in english. However, there are certain scenarios where the “Accept-Language” header is just not enough, and you might want to have a way to pass the “accepted” language as part of the resource url as an extension. For example, http://localhost/ProductCatalog/Products/1.es” returns all the descriptions for the product with id “1” in spanish. This is useful for scenarios in which you want to embed the link somewhere, such a document, an email or a page.  Supporting both scenarios, the header and the url extension, is really simple in the new WCF programming model. You only need to provide a processor implementation for any of them. Let’s say I have a resource implementation as part of a product catalog I want to expose with the WCF web apis. [ServiceContract][Export]public class ProductResource{ IProductRepository repository;  [ImportingConstructor] public ProductResource(IProductRepository repository) { this.repository = repository; }  [WebGet(UriTemplate = "{id}")] public Product Get(string id, HttpResponseMessage response) { var product = repository.GetById(int.Parse(id)); if (product == null) { response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.NotFound; response.Content = new StringContent(Messages.OrderNotFound); }  return product; }} The Get method implementation in this resource assumes the desired culture will be attached to the current thread (Thread.CurrentThread.Culture). Another option is to pass the desired culture as an additional argument in the method, so my processor implementation will handle both options. This method is also using an auto-generated class for handling string resources, Messages, which is available in the different cultures that the service implementation supports. For example, Messages.resx contains “OrderNotFound”: “Order Not Found” Messages.es.resx contains “OrderNotFound”: “No se encontro orden” The processor implementation bellow tackles the first scenario, in which the desired language is passed as part of the “Accept-Language” header. public class CultureProcessor : Processor<HttpRequestMessage, CultureInfo>{ string defaultLanguage = null;  public CultureProcessor(string defaultLanguage = "en") { this.defaultLanguage = defaultLanguage; this.InArguments[0].Name = HttpPipelineFormatter.ArgumentHttpRequestMessage; this.OutArguments[0].Name = "culture"; }  public override ProcessorResult<CultureInfo> OnExecute(HttpRequestMessage request) { CultureInfo culture = null; if (request.Headers.AcceptLanguage.Count > 0) { var language = request.Headers.AcceptLanguage.First().Value; culture = new CultureInfo(language); } else { culture = new CultureInfo(defaultLanguage); }  Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture; Messages.Culture = culture;  return new ProcessorResult<CultureInfo> { Output = culture }; }}   As you can see, the processor initializes a new CultureInfo instance with the value provided in the “Accept-Language” header, and set that instance to the current thread and the auto-generated resource class with all the messages. In addition, the CultureInfo instance is returned as an output argument called “culture”, making possible to receive that argument in any method implementation   The following code shows the implementation of the processor for handling languages as url extensions.   public class CultureExtensionProcessor : Processor<HttpRequestMessage, Uri>{ public CultureExtensionProcessor() { this.OutArguments[0].Name = HttpPipelineFormatter.ArgumentUri; }  public override ProcessorResult<Uri> OnExecute(HttpRequestMessage httpRequestMessage) { var requestUri = httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.OriginalString;  var extensionPosition = requestUri.LastIndexOf(".");  if (extensionPosition > -1) { var extension = requestUri.Substring(extensionPosition + 1);  var query = httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.Query;  requestUri = string.Format("{0}?{1}", requestUri.Substring(0, extensionPosition), query); ;  var uri = new Uri(requestUri);  httpRequestMessage.Headers.AcceptLanguage.Clear();  httpRequestMessage.Headers.AcceptLanguage.Add(new StringWithQualityHeaderValue(extension));  var result = new ProcessorResult<Uri>();  result.Output = uri;  return result; }  return new ProcessorResult<Uri>(); }} The last step is to inject both processors as part of the service configuration as it is shown bellow, public void RegisterRequestProcessorsForOperation(HttpOperationDescription operation, IList<Processor> processors, MediaTypeProcessorMode mode){ processors.Insert(0, new CultureExtensionProcessor()); processors.Add(new CultureProcessor());} Once you configured the two processors in the pipeline, your service will start speaking different languages :). Note: Url extensions don’t seem to be working in the current bits when you are using Url extensions in a base address. As far as I could see, ASP.NET intercepts the request first and tries to route the request to a registered ASP.NET Http Handler with that extension. For example, “http://localhost/ProductCatalog/products.es” does not work, but “http://localhost/ProductCatalog/products/1.es” does.

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• Ideal programming language learning sequence?

  - by Gulshan

  What do you think? What is the ideal programming language learning sequence which will cover most of the heavily used languages and paradigms today as well as help to grasp common programming basics, ideas and practices? You can even suggest learning sequence for paradigms rather than languages. N.B. : This is port of the question I asked in stackoverflow and was closed for being subjective and argumentative.

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• What could be the Java successor Oracle wants to invest in?

  - by deamon

  I've read that Oracle wants to invest into another language than Java: "On the other hand, Oracle has been particularly supportive of alternative JVM languages. Adam Messinger ( http://www.linkedin.com/in/adammessinger ) was pretty blunt at the JVM Languages Summit this year about Java the language reaching it's logical end and how Oracle is looking for a 'higher level' language to 'put significant investment into.'" But what language could be the one Oracle wants to invest in? Is there another candidate than Scala?

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• How can I make sure that I'm actually learning how to program rather than simply learning the details of a language?

  - by Ryan

  I often hear that a real programmer can easily learn any language within a week. Languages are just tools for getting things done, I'm told. Programming is the ultimate skill that must be learned and mastered. How can I make sure that I'm actually learning how to program rather than simply learning the details of a language? And how can I develop programming skills that can be applied towards all languages instead of just one?

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• How were the first compilers made?

  - by Sauron

  I always wonder this, and perhaps I need a good history lesson on programming languages. But....since most compilers nowadays are made in C......how were the very first compilers made (AKA before C) or were all the languages just interpreted. With that being said, I still don't understand how even the first assembly language was done, I understand what assembly language is......but I don't see how they got the VERY first assembly language working (like.....how did they make the first commands (like mov R21) or w/e set to the binary equivalent.

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• Why are there no package management systems for C and C++?

  - by m0nhawk

  There are some programming languages for which exist their own package management systems: CTAN for TeX CPAN for Perl Pip & Eggs for Python Maven for Java cabal for Haskell Gems for Ruby Is there any other languages with such systems? What about C and C++? (that's the main question!) Why there are no such systems for them? And isn't creating packages for yum, apt-get or other general package management systems better?

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• Ideal programming language learning sequence? [closed]

  - by Gulshan

  What do you think? What is the ideal programming language learning sequence which will cover most of the heavily used languages and paradigms today as well as help to grasp common programming basics, ideas and practices? You can even suggest learning sequence for paradigms rather than languages. N.B. : This is port of the question I asked in stackoverflow and was closed for being subjective and argumentative.

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• What programming language was used to develop Windows OS?

  - by nardo

  I am very new to programming and I have started to learn programming just last week. I am still having trouble understanding about programming languages, especially what to use in a particular system. My first language is Java and it's the only programming language I have experience with. I know there are a lot of programming languages out there but I am so curious what programming language was used to develop Windows? Can Java be used to develop an OS?

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• Why are effect-less functions executed?

  - by user828584

  All the languages I know of would execute something like: i = 0 while i < 100000000 i += 1 ..and you can see it take a noticeable amount of time to execute. Why though, do languages do this? The only effect this code will have is taking time. edit: I mean inside a function which is called function main(){ useless() } function useless(){ i = 0 while i < 100000000 i += 1 }

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• Criteria for a programming language to be considered "mature"

  - by Giorgio

  I was recently reading an answer to this question, and I was struck by the statement "The language is mature". So I was wondering what we actually mean when we say that "A programming language is mature"? Normally, a programming language is initially developed out of a need, e.g. Try out / implement a new programming paradigm or a new combination of features that cannot be found in existing languages. Try to solve a problem or overcome a limitation of an existing language. Create a language for teaching programming. Create a language that solves a particular class of problems (e.g. concurrency). Create a language and an API for a special application field, e.g. the web (in this case the language might reuse a well-known paradigm, but the whole API must be new). Create a language to push your competitor out of the market (in this case the creator might want the new language to be very similar to an existing one, in order to attract developers to the new programming language and platform). Regardless of what the original motivation and scenario in which a language has been created, eventually some languages are considered mature. In my intuition, this means that the language has achieved (at least one of) its goals, e.g. "We can now use language X as a reliable tool for writing web applications." This is however a bit vague, so I wanted to ask what you consider the most important criteria (if any) that are applied when saying that a language is mature. IMPORTANT NOTE This question is (on purpose) language-agnostic because I am only interested in general criteria. Please write only language-agnostic answers and comments! I am not asking whether any specific "language X is mature" or "which programming languages can be considered mature", or whether "language X is more mature than language Y": please avoid posting any opinions or reference about any specific languages because these are out of the scope of this question. EDIT To make the question more precise, by criteria I mean such things as "tool support", "adoption by the industry", "stability", "rich API", "large user community", "successful application record", "standardization", "clean and uniform semantics", and so on.

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• What programming language was used to develop Windows OS?

  - by nardo

  I am very new to programming and I have started to learn programming just last week. I am still having trouble understanding about programming languages, especially what to use in a particular system. My first language is Java and its the only programming language I have experience with. I know there are a lot of programming languages out there but I am so curious what programming language was used to develop Windows? Is Java can be used to develop an OS?

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• Using ViewModels in ASP.NET MVC 2 - multiple forms

  - by Rob Ellis

  I couldn't find any documentation around using multiple forms in an ASP.NET MVC 2 ViewModel approach. i.e. In the built in application when you select New MVC2 web app, the register page uses a ViewPage which inherits like this:- Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" I wanted to use that approach on a page with multiple forms, but that RegisterModel only supported one form.

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