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• page allocation failure - am I running out of memory?

  - by mfriedman

  Lately I've noticing entries like this one in the kern.log of one of my servers: Feb 16 00:24:05 aramis kernel: swapper: page allocation failure. order:0, mode:0x20 This is what I'd like to know: What exactly does that message mean? Is my server running out of memory? The swap usage is quite low (less than 10%), and so far I haven't noticed any processes being killed because of lack of memory. Additional information: The server is a Xen instance (DomU) running Debian 6.0 It has 512 MB of RAM and a 512 MB swap partition CPU load inside the virtual machine shows an average of 0.25

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• TrueCrypt: Open volume without mounting

  - by Totomobile

  I have a corrupt TrueCrypt volume. When I try to mount it, the password is fine but I get an error: hdiutil attach failed no mountable file systems I read a post that says you can try to recover the volume, but I have to open it first to try to recover it. I just need to open it without TrueCrypt trying to mount it too, so I can use that partition in a data recovery program. Also it's just an image file volume. I am using the Mac version, and I have setup an alias for the truecrypt shell command, but I'm not sure how to enter the syntax! Please help. thank you! T

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• TrueCrypt: Open volume without mounting

  - by Totomobile

  I have a corrupt TrueCrypt volume. When I try to mount it, the password is fine but I get an error: hdiutil attach failed no mountable file systems I read a post that says you can try to recover the volume, but I have to open it first to try to recover it. I just need to open it without TrueCrypt trying to mount it too, so I can use that partition in a data recovery program. Also it's just an image file volume. I am using the Mac version, and I have setup an alias for the truecrypt shell command, but I'm not sure how to enter the syntax! Please help. thank you! T

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• TrueCrypt: Open volume without mounting

  - by Totomobile

  I have a corrupt TrueCrypt volume. When I try to mount it, the password is fine but I get an error: hdiutil attach failed no mountable file systems. I just need to open it without TrueCrypt trying to mount it too, so I can use that partition in a data recovery program. Also it's just an image file volume. I have read the documentation here: http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=command-line-usage But I can't figure out which switch I need to use to only open an image and not mount it. I am using the Mac version, and I have set up an alias for the TrueCrypt shell command, so I can just type: truecrypt -t -v - ?? [][]..

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• software RAID array not starting in initramfs on Debian

  - by Jasper

  One of my Debian servers (kernel 2.6.30-AMD64) refuses to start the software RAID array that houses the root partition in initramfs. It dumps me with a busybox console. When I follow the necessary steps to continue booting it works fine (start the array with mdadm -A and then have LVM scan the volumes with pvscan and then vgchange -ay). I've tried starting with boot options rootdelay=10 to no avail. Also I've updated the initramfs and unpacked it to inspect whether it really tries to assemble the raid array (it does). Output before dumping to console : mount: mounting none on /dev failed: No such device W: devtmpfs not available, falling back to tpmfs for /dev and then some lvm messages saying it can't find the volumes holding the root partitions. Does anybody have a clue how I could fix this?

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• How to (hardware) RAID 10 on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS with 4 drives and motherboard with RAID contoller

  - by lollercoaster

  I have 4 500GB hard drives. I set up a RAID 10 in BIOS, much like shown here: http://www.supermicro.com/manuals/other/RAID_SATA_ESB2.pdf Then I followed these instructions: http://www.unrest.ca/Knowledge-Base/configuring-mdadm-raid10-for-ubuntu-910 Basically I cannot get it to work. I go through the instructions when I get to the "partition" section of the install, creating 4 RAID 1's (2 partitions on each drive, one for primary and one for swap space), then combining to make a RAID 10. Unfortunately it still shows 2 partitions, one 500 GB and another being 36GB for some reason. Any ideas? I think best would be if anyone had found good instructions (step by step) for how to do this...I've been googling for hours and haven't found anything...

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• Finder Sidebar Icons - How do I duplicate?

  - by Wilco

  I've noticed that some system directories, when dragged to the Finder's sidebar, utilize special small-scale icons not visible in any other place. Even when looking at one of these folders in a Finder window using the smallest possible icon size, these "special" icons don't appear (so it's not just the small version of the folder's icon). So my question is, where is this information stored? If I wanted to duplicate this behavior for an arbitrary folder, where would I need to look? I like to replace my home directory with a symlink to a location on another partition, but when I do this, I lose this sidebar icon behavior. I would love to get this back if I can.

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• Restore XP on Acer Aspire One netbook

  - by Imran

  I have an Acer Aspire One D250 netbook which came with Windows XP (but no CD) on which I have since installed Xubuntu 9.10. Now I am trying to sell it, but I cannot find a way to recover XP. I have read in a lot of different places that holding Alt+F10 during boot should send me to a recovery menu (which will allow me to restore XP from a "secret partition"), but I have tried many times to no avail. The best I can do is get the BIOS setup screen by holding F2, but there doesn't seem to be any recovery option there. After the initial option to go into the BIOS setup GRUB starts loading and there don't seem to be any more opportunities to enter a system setup screen. Please help!

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• Windows 7 - "A disk read error occured. Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart"

  - by Senthil

  Problem: When I switch on my PC, after BIOS POST, a cursor is blinking for about 5 seconds and then I am getting this error message: A disk read error occurred. Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart. I am able to go into BIOS. But Windows loader doesn't even start. This message is shown after my motherboard logo comes and goes. Symptoms: I DID notice my system freezing for minutes at a time for past two days. Also, in the past two days, it stopped half way through the Window booting process. I had to do hard reset couple of times to get it working. But since today morning, I only get this error message. Configuration: Operating System: Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit only. Hard disk: 1 Physical Disk - 80GB SATA Partitions: Two (2) - C: and D: File System: NTFS No drive encryption or compression is turned on. After I searched on the net, I have found people mentioning these possible causes: Hard Disk is physically failing Corrupt MBR Bad Sector I am planning to buy a new hard disk, install Windows on it and continue. But I need data from the old hard disk. The data I want is in D: drive, outside any Windows user folder, is not encrypted or compressed or protected in anyway. I think if someone/something can get the disk working again and knows NTFS, the data can be hopefully read. What steps should I follow to recover files from the defective disk? Update: I bought a new disk, installed windows on it and added the defective one as a slave. Then I was able to read the data from the defective hard disk. Though chkdsk found lots of errors, the files I wanted were not affected and I got them back :) I am not using that hard disk anymore though it seems to be working at the moment.

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• Recover Windows 7 from Linux Ubuntu?

  - by macha

  I have two partitions and have Linux Ubuntu running on one partition and Windows 7 running on the other. Now when I try to boot from Windows 7, I get an error saying the /system32/winload.exe file is corrupted or deleted. Now I have Windows 7 files on my system but do not have the DVD, I have made USB bootable with Windows 7, but when I boot it with the USB stick, a blue screen is coming on with weird errors messages. Now I am trying to restore my Windows instance to a restore point where it can work normally. How can I do that in my situation?

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• External Hard-Drive Randomly Ejects; Stays On

  - by Kaleb F.

  My 250GB I/O Magic USB external hard-drive randomly disconnects / ejects from the computer after between 2-30 minutes of use. When this happens, the blinking activity light on the front of the hdd turns off; however, the disks can still be heard spinning. Unplugging & replugging in the USB does not reconnect the device and the activity light remains unlit. The only way to continue using it is to flip off then on the power switch of the hdd. The hard-drive was formatted with MBR partition table and 2 NTFS volumes. I recently tried switching to GUID with two Mac OS Extended (Journaled), but the problem remains. This error occurs with my new Macbook Pro with Snow Leopard as well as with my DELL E520 with Windows 7 Ultimate.

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• RAID FS detection at boot time

  - by alex

  An excerpt from dmesg: md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. md: Scanned 2 and added 2 devices. md: autorun ... md: considering sdb1 ... md: adding sdb1 ... md: adding sda1 ... md: created md1 md: bind<sda1> md: bind<sdb1> md: running: <sdb1><sda1> raid1: raid set md1 active with 2 out of 2 mirrors md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 1500299198464 md: ... autorun DONE. md1: unknown partition table EXT3-fs (md1): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) EXT2-fs (md1): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode Is it OK that kernel tries to mount an ext4 raid as ext3, ext2 first? Is there a way to tell it to skip those two steps? Just in case: /dev/md1 / ext4 noatime 0 1 TIA.

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• Create NTFS symbolic links from within Linux

  - by rymo

  Is there a Linux utility that can create NTFS symbolic links? That is, a link on an NTFS partition that points to another NTFS folder - one that will work within Windows 7, specifically. I wish to relocate a folder that is normally in-use while Windows is running. This machine can already dual-boot into Ubuntu, so I'd like to leverage that. EDIT: To keep this from potentially turning into "which Windows Live CD is best", I will limit this question to "Is it possible with Linux, yes or no?"

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• GRE Tunnel over IPsec with Loopback

  - by Alek

  I'm having a really hard time trying to estabilish a VPN connection using a GRE over IPsec tunnel. The problem is that it involves some sort of "loopback" connection which I don't understand -- let alone be able to configure --, and the only help I could find is related to configuring Cisco routers. My network is composed of a router and a single host running Debian Linux. My task is to create a GRE tunnel over an IPsec infrastructure, which is particularly intended to route multicast traffic between my network, which I am allowed to configure, and a remote network, for which I only bear a form containing some setup information (IP addresses and phase information for IPsec). For now it suffices to estabilish a communication between this single host and the remote network, but in the future it will be desirable for the traffic to be routed to other machines on my network. As I said this GRE tunnel involves a "loopback" connection which I have no idea of how to configure. From my previous understanding, a loopback connection is simply a local pseudo-device used mostly for testing purposes, but in this context it might be something more specific that I do not have the knowledge of. I have managed to properly estabilish the IPsec communication using racoon and ipsec-tools, and I believe I'm familiar with the creation of tunnels and addition of addresses to interfaces using ip, so the focus is on the GRE step. The worst part is that the remote peers do not respond to ping requests and the debugging of the general setup is very difficult due to the encrypted nature of the traffic. There are two pairs of IP addresses involved: one pair for the GRE tunnel peer-to-peer connection and one pair for the "loopback" part. There is also an IP range involved, which is supposed to be the final IP addresses for the hosts inside the VPN. My question is: how (or if) can this setup be done? Do I need some special software or another daemon, or does the Linux kernel handle every aspect of the GRE/IPsec tunneling? Please inform me if any extra information could be useful. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Why Both 8GB USB Flash Drives Have Different Integrities?

  - by Boris_yo

  USB 3.0 SuperTalent Express DUO 8GB recently had its partition corrupted and declared itself "write-protected" and I was told in chat by @sidran32 that this usually means that flash drive gone bad due to writing cycles limit being reached. Having this thumbdrive for over a year being used infrequently, I was in doubt and referred to SuperTalent's support. I was given recovery tool which I executed but it failed first time prompting me to reinsert it. After that, I formatted it with Windows 7 integrated format utility since recovery tool offered to do this as well which was successful. The problem as I have noticed is with integrity of SuperTalent: Compare above to SanDisk's Micro Cruzer 8GB: Am I missing something? Both thumbdrives are of 8GB and have same FAT32 file system.

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• Installing Windows XP sp3 into USB 2.0 WD 320Gb Hard Drive

  - by NetKabuki

  I have a HP laptop with support for 3 USB 2.0 ports. I also have a clean 320Gb WD USB 2.0 drive. The HP can boot from USB (Bios options). I used the install disk (XP SP3 bootable) and after a few stutters, was actually able to load up a partition on the 320Gb drive with Windows. I cannot consistently get the system to boot up off the USB drive. I am able to drop Ubuntu on that same WD drive and boot up. I can even get Grub2 on Ubuntu to recognize the Win OS. But booting the Win OS is an impossible task. What can I do differently - if anything?

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• Failover tmpfs mirroring. Am I doing it right?

  - by user45286

  My goal is to have a certain directory to be available as tmpfs. There will be some modifications during server uptime in this dir and those modifications must be synced to non-tmpfs persistent dir on HDD over rsync. After server boot the latest version from non-tmpfs persistent dir must be moved to tmpfs and rsync syncing to be started. I'm afraid that rsync will erase non-tmpfs backup if tmpfs dir will be empty.. I'm doing it in this way right now: create tmpfs partition in /etc/fstab cat /etc/rc.local (pseudocode) delete "tmpfs rsync" cronjob from /var/spool/cron/crontabs if there is any cp -r /path/to/non-tmpfs-backup /path/to/tmpfs/dir append /var/spool/cron/crontabs with "tmpfs rsync" cronjob What do you think?

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• Windows Vista wont recognize SSD drive

  - by Spiros

  I just bought an SSD drive for my Vista (32bit) box (120GB OCZ Agility 3). Unfortunately windows vista won't display it in the my computer window, and generally wont let me work on it. However, the bios recognizes the SSD drive correctly, and when I go on the windows device manager the drive is there as well. I can see the device properties. On the volumes, when I click on populate, I have: Disk: Disk1 Type: Uknown Status: not initialized Partition style: not avaiable Unallocated space: 0MB Reserved space: 0MB Any ideas what could be wrong? Thanks

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• can 'Percona MySQL Data Recovery' be used to recover dropped tables if the datadir filesystem is mounted as /

  - by Tom Geee

  according to Percona: Unmount the filesystem or make it read-only if... You have filesystem corruption OR You have dropped tables in innodb_file_per_table format If I have innodb_file_per_table enabled, and accidently dropped a table, while the datadir is mounted as within the / partition , can data still be recovered? Obviously you can't work with an unmounted root filesystem. Our VPS host has a defaulted filesystem table which we cannot customize. I was wondering in case of any future scenario. edit: would mounting the / filesystem through NFS onto another system as read-only be a workaround? TIA.

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• Unable to copy files previously extracted from archives created on a Mac, even after claiming ownership

  - by Maxim Zaslavsky

  I reinstalled Windows on my computer today, and backed up my music to a USB drive. Now, I'm trying to copy the files onto my fresh Windows partition, but I'm unable to copy files that I obtained within my previous Windows installation from zip archives created on Macs. When I try to copy those previously-extracted files, I get an error saying that I need permission from S-1-5-21-...-1000 (a bizarre long ID). The first thing I tried was to take ownership of the files by setting my new user account as the owner, but that resulted in errors saying that I need permission from myself! Some Googling suggested adding antivirus suggestions, so I excluded the relevant folders from Microsoft Security Essentials, but the issue persists. For what it's worth, it seems that some program (so far I've only installed Chrome, Microsoft Security Essentials, and the latest Windows updates) created an empty folder named 601c8c7f0e0c03f725 at the root of my external USB hard drive. What gives?

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• Slow NFS transfer performance of small files

  - by Arie K

  I'm using Openfiler 2.3 on an HP ML370 G5, Smart Array P400, SAS disks combined using RAID 1+0. I set up an NFS share from ext3 partition using Openfiler's web based configuration, and I succeeded to mount the share from another host. Both host are connected using dedicated gigabit link. Simple benchmark using dd: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=outfile bs=1000 count=2000000 2000000+0 records in 2000000+0 records out 2000000000 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 34.4737 s, 58.0 MB/s I see it can achieve moderate transfer speed (58.0 MB/s). But if I copy a directory containing many small files (.php and .jpg, around 1-4 kB per file) of total size ~300 MB, the cp process ends in about 10 minutes. Is NFS not suitable for small file transfer like above case? Or is there some parameters that must be adjusted?

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• Windows XP boot: black screen with cursor after BIOS screen

  - by Radio

  Here is a weird one, Got computer with Windows XP. It's getting stuck on a black screen with cursor blinking. What did I do: - Boot from installation CD (recovery option - command line): chkdsk C: /R copy D:\i386\ntdetect.com c:\ copy D:\i386\ntldr c:\ fixmbr fixboot Chkdsk showed 0 bad sectors and no problems during scan. dir on C:\ shows all directories and files in place (Windows, Program Files, Documents and Settings). BIOS shows correct boot drive. Still does not boot. Not sure what to think of. Please help. UPDATE: Just performed these steps: Backed up current disk C: (without MBR) using True Image to external hard drive Ran Windows XP clean installation with deleting all partitions and creating new one. Hard drive booted fine into Windows GUI installation!!! Then: Interrupted installation. Booted from True Image recovery CD and restored archive of disk C to an new partition. Same issue with black screen.

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• Boot from VHD with windows7 - bcdedit trouble

  - by Michiel Overeem

  I'm running Windows7 Enterprise, x64 version. I've created a windows7 vhd file with help of the following blog post hanselman blog After that, I've added it to my boot menu with help of another blog post hanselman blog This worked great. After that, i've upgraded my hdd. With help of clonezilla i've copied the old disk to the new disk. Next step was to copy the vhd to another partition. Then i updated the boot menu. However, the step C:\>bcdedit /set {guid} device vhd=[driveletter:]\<directory>\<vhd filename> fails with the message An error has occurred setting the element data. The request is not supported. what is happening?

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• Paused BitLocker encryption because no longer want to encrypt the hard drive - how do I get out of encrypting?

  - by Matthew Nagear

  I'm hoping someone can help. I'm not a techy and can't seem to find the same question already answered. I went to encrypt (using BitLocker) a Buffalo hard drive but after it took about 1 min to reach 0.2% 'encrypted' I decided to pause and eject, thinking this would have ended the encryption process. However, I had already assigned a password to it on the instruction pre the encryption beginning. I've since connected my hard drive again and I'm asked to input the password. If I don't I cannot access the drive. However, if I do, I CAN access the files but straight away the little BitLocker Drive Encryption dialogue box comes up saying Encryption in progress.. which I have the option to Pause. So I hit Pause straight away as I do not want to go through with the encryption. Is there any way I can stop the process and decrypt before encryption is completed? Or am I forever going to need to Pause quickly and eject. I fear that will affect my hard drive longer term. Thanks.

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• Linux's best filesystem to work with 10000's of files without overloading the system I/O

  - by mhambra

  Hi all. It is known that certain AMD64 Linuxes are subject of being unresponsive under heavy disk I/O (see Gentoo forums: AMD64 system slow/unresponsive during disk access (Part 2)), unfortunately have such one. I want to put /var/tmp/portage and /usr/portage trees to a separate partition, but what FS to choose for it? Requirements: * for journaling, performance is preffered over safe data read/write operations * optimized to read/write 10000 of small files Candidates: * ext2 without any journaling * BtrFS In Phoronix tests, BtrFS had demonstrated a good random access performance (fat better than XFS thereby it may be less CPU-aggressive). However, unpacking operation seems to be faster with XFS there, but it was tested that unpacking kernel tree to XFS makes my system to react slower for 51% disregard of any renice'd processes and/or schedulers. Why no ReiserFS? Google'd this (q: reiserfs ext2 cpu): 1 Apr 2006 ... Surprisingly, the ReiserFS and the XFS used significantly more CPU to remove file tree (86% and 65%) when other FS used about 15% (Ext3 and ... Is it same now?

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