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• How can I tell if ZFS (zfs-fuse) dedup/compression is applied to a particular file?

  - by asari

  I have a zfs formatted partition using zfs-fuse for linux (Ubuntu). I had used it for a while, and then enabled dedup and compression on it (zfs set compression=on/dedup=on). Now I think I have some files that are dedup'ed and compressed, and file that are not yet. It was OK, but sometimes I was confused. Let's see, following command would consume almost 4GB of my zfs storage: cp oldfile.4GB newfile.4GB .. and this would consume almost zero: cp newfile.4GB newfile.4GB.2 This is because the old file is not yet compressed, so dedup not happened, I think. My idea is -- if I can find old files that are not yet dedup/compressed, I can perform batch copy/rename/remove them to eliminate duplicity and redundancy. But how I can check that? I know I can re-copy whole contents of my storage should work (even better with checking the time stamp of each file), but I'd be happier if I have zfsstat-like tool that shows some file properties.

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• Recover Intel Matrix Raid Configuration

  - by Catalin DICU

  Hello, I had 2 HDDs in Intel Matrix Raid configuration on a motherboard with intel ICH9R. I had some RAID 0 partitions and one RAID 1 partition. Somehow when replacing my videocard I partially unpulugged the power connector from one of the HDD. I booted and only one disk was showing. So I turned off the PC and correctly plugged the power connector and how both HDDs are showing as "Non-Raid Disk" Is there a way to restore the raid configuration from before ? In fact I don't really remember how my partitions where configured, I had 2x100Gb + 1x296Gb in RAID 0 and one 50Gb in RAID 1 (using 2x320Gb HDDs) but I'm not sure how many volumes and how the partitions where allocated on the volumes. Is there a tool to find that ? Thanks

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• Does multiple files in SQL Server when using RAID help reduce conflicts in growth and file-locking?

  - by Dr Giles M

  I've been reading around and get the impression that if you are using RAID then using multiple SQL Server files within a filegroup won't yeild any more improvements, and the benefits are purely administrative (if you started to run out of space or wanted to partition off data into managable chunks for backups/balancing the data around your big server room). However, being a reasonably savvy software person, it's not unthinkable to hypothesise that, even for smaller databases that SQL Server will perform growth and locking operations (for writes) on a LOGICAL file basis, so even if you are using RAID, it seems to make sense to have multiple files in a file group to balance I/O, or does the time taken to reconstruct the data from distributed filegroups outweigh the benefits of reduced locking? I'm also aware that the behaviour and benefits may be different for tables/indeces/log. Is there a good site that distinguishes the benefits of multiple files when RAID is already in place?

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• Can't connect to public WiFi with MacBookPro at coffee shops and libraries

  - by Nathan Bowers

  The Problem: I can't connect to public, unencrypted WiFi at my local public library or Peets Coffee. My Setup: Late 2006 MacBookPro running 10.5.8. I have Parallels installed. It's supposed to work like this: 1) Connect to their unencrypted WiFi network 2) Open a browser which redirects you to their "enter password/agree to terms" page. 3) Browse normally. I can connect to the WiFi network, but when I try to authenticate I always get stuck in a redirect loop. It's been like this for a while. Even before I upgraded to 10.5.8. I never have trouble with encrypted networks or regular open WiFi. What I've tried: Disabling Parallels connections in Network Prefs. Superstition: somehow Parallels installed something in the network stack that's messing me up. Pinging the IP address of the WiFi node I'm connected to. I can ping it, it's there, but I still get stuck in this authentication redirect loop. Tried different browsers, tried different cookie and security settings. Even tried IE under Parallels. No dice. Tried flushing DNS cache. Asked library and coffee employees for help. It didn't go well. My Question: Anybody else have this problem? What should I be looking for?

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• Ubuntu Not Starting After Installing Software Updates

  - by Prabhu

  I just did a software update on my Ubuntu 9.10, after that it asked me to restart my system which i did and once i did that, grub opend some simple bash shell or something... i dont know how do i run ubuntu now??? Ubuntu 9.10 was installed 1 week back using the wubi installer... which is like a one click install from windows... it is installed on the same partition as winxp... i chose 12 gb hd space while installing ubuntu.. it was working good for 1 week... i decided to do the software updates today morning and now its not even starting!!!

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• Installing Ubuntu to a USB drive

  - by Carl Smotricz

  I'm having a rough time getting Ubuntu to run from a 250 GB USB hard drive. I booted Ubuntu 9.10 from a CD and ran the regular "install" to the attached USB drive. I used the "advanced" option on the drive partition question to put the boot loader on /dev/sdb (the USB disk) but when I boot the machine it doesn't recognize there's a boot loader on the USB drive (it offers to boot from 2 other devices but not the USB disk). I also tried booting from the Ubuntu CD and using usb-creator-gtk to set up the USB drive. Seems to me this is meant to work with flash drives. I got a bootable USB disk but it looked and worked like the CD, i.e. it gave me options of "live CD" operation, installing, memtest, etc. That's not the way I want to run the system. Some help in installing Ubuntu, bootable into a "full" running system on my USB drive would be appreciated.

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• Can I use a display driver from Windows 8 in Windows 7?

  - by adam0101

  My latest display driver doesn't support WDDM 1.0, and I need it to be at least version 1.1. I've been attempting to get the Windows Phone 7 SDK working on my HP Pavillion dv9000, but the phone emulator requires 1.1 or higher. My drivers are as up-to-date as they can get. I even tried a modded driver found here, but no go. Then, while evaluating Windows 8 Developer Preview on a different partition I noticed that dxdiag.exe showed it was using WDDM 1.2. I tried installing Windows Phone 7 SDK on Windows 8, but I get an "Internal Error" popup and "Connection failed because of invalid command-line arguments" in the error window in Visual Studio. I'm guessing because Windows Phone 7 SDK isn't supported on Windows 8 yet. So my question is this: Can I get Windows 7 to use the display driver Windows 8 is using to get WDDM 1.2 on Windows 7 and how would I go about doing it?

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• I have recovery issues in my Gateway nv series laptop

  - by kshitij

  Helo i wanted to restore os from my recovery drive. but because of some issues i could not do that. so i had my recovery dvds which i made when i bought laptop. these are three dvds. so i inserted one dvd and installation started. and it asked for second dvd and i inserted but it is not taking it. once i did installtion with this three dvds but now it is not taking second dvd. So because of this type of failure i install trial version of windows 7 and take my backup. after it i install Gateway recovery Management. and it is not working. when i am repair my computer it is not showing that Image of recovery partition. Please I need Help.

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• Very slow write performance on Debian 6.0 (AMD64) with DMCRYPT/LVM/RAID1

  - by jdelic

  I'm seeing very strange performance characteristics on one of my servers. This server is running a simple two-disk software-RAID1 setup with LVM spanning /dev/md0. One of the logical volumes /dev/vg0/secure is encrypted using dmcrypt with LUKS and mounted with the sync and noatimes flag. Writing to that volume is incredibly slow at 1.8 MB/s and the CPU usage stays near 0%. There are 8 crpyto/1-8 processes running (it's a Intel Quadcore CPU). I hope that someone on serverfault has seen this before :-(. uname -a 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 8 00:01:30 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux Interestingly, when I read from the device I get good performance numbers: reading without encryption: $ dd if=/dev/vg0/secure of=/dev/null bs=64k count=100000 100000+0 records in 100000+0 records out 6553600000 bytes (6.6 GB) copied, 68.8951 s, 95.1 MB/s reading with encryption: $ dd if=/dev/mapper/secure of=/dev/null bs=64k count=100000 100000+0 records in 100000+0 records out 6553600000 bytes (6.6 GB) copied, 69.7116 s, 94.0 MB/s However, when I try to write to the device: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=./test bs=64k 8809+0 records in 8809+0 records out 577306624 bytes (577 MB) copied, 321.861 s, 1.8 MB/s Also, when I read I see CPU usage, when I write, the CPU stays at almost 0% usage. Here is output of cryptsetup luksDump: LUKS header information for /dev/vg0/secure Version: 1 Cipher name: aes Cipher mode: cbc-essiv:sha256 Hash spec: sha1 Payload offset: 2056 MK bits: 256 MK digest: dd 62 b9 a5 bf 6c ec 23 36 22 92 4c 39 f8 d6 5d c1 3a b7 37 MK salt: cc 2e b3 d9 fb e3 86 a1 bb ab eb 9d 65 df b3 dd d9 6b f4 49 de 8f 85 7d 3b 1c 90 83 5d b2 87 e2 MK iterations: 44500 UUID: a7c9af61-d9f0-4d3f-b422-dddf16250c33 Key Slot 0: ENABLED Iterations: 178282 Salt: 60 24 cb be 5c 51 9f b4 85 64 3d f8 07 22 54 d4 1a 5f 4c bc 4b 82 76 48 d8 a2 d2 6a ee 13 d7 5d Key material offset: 8 AF stripes: 4000 Key Slot 1: DISABLED Key Slot 2: DISABLED Key Slot 3: DISABLED Key Slot 4: DISABLED Key Slot 5: DISABLED Key Slot 6: DISABLED Key Slot 7: DISABLED

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• How to make gpg2 to flush the stream?

  - by Vi

  I want to get some slowly flowing data saved in encrypted form at the device which can be turned off abruptly. But gpg2 seems to not to flush it's output frequently and I get broken files when I try to read such truncated file. vi@vi-notebook:~$ cat asdkfgmafl asdkfgmafl ggggg ggggg 2342 2342 cat behaves normally. I see the output right after input. vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 -er _Vi --batch ?pE??x...(more binary data here)....???-??.... asdfsadf 22223 sdfsdfasf Still no data... Still no output... ^C gpg: signal Interrupt caught ... exiting vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 -er _Vi --batch /tmp/qqq skdmfasldf gkvmdfwwerwer zfzdfdsfl ^\ gpg: signal Quit caught ... exiting Quit vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 < /tmp/qqq You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for user: "Vitaly Shukela (_Vi) " 2048-bit ELG key, ID 78F446CA, created 2008-01-06 (main key ID 1735A052) gpg: [don't know]: 1st length byte missing vi@vi-notebook:~$ # Where is my "skdmfasldf" How to make gpg2 to handle such case? I want it to put enough output to reconstruct each incoming chunk of input. (Also fsyncing after each output can be benefitial as an additional option). Should I use other tool (I need pubkey encryption).

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• Virtual Box fails my OSes :(

  - by Kingston Town

  I have a little problem with Virtual Box latest version in which i have installed Mint (also latest version).During creation of a new vdi partition I chose settings as default, that is, I don't create any tiny partitions myself. The installation works. But later while the new OS is running (not in Live mode) I try installing/updating new software available, the system automatically fails, it reports an error of DISKFULL, I close the message box then power off my system. Later on I can't boot it up again anymore. It hangs with a black screen and the PAUSE status. I have no idea why. I have installed 2 OSes and both fail at the same error. I doubt something is not right about the current version of VBox. Thank you . My host OS is Windows7 and my Clients are Mint and CentOS

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• How to prepare and secure a Macbook Pro for work/office?

  - by sunpech

  I plan to use my Macbook Pro at work/office. Before I do so, I will need to speak to my manager on how to properly prepare and secure it since this is the first Mac that will be regularly used on the network in the office and company intranet. The intranet comprises mostly of PCs running Microsoft Windows XP, Server 2003, and Windows 7. So there's definitely a Microsoft-only culture in the office, and the infrastructure/networking team are mostly unfamiliar with non-Microsoft technology and software. What steps and software would I need to prepare and secure my Macbook Pro for work/office? Antivirus/Spyware software for Mac required/necessary? What options do I have to encrypt files, or possibly the whole drive/partition? What network/firewall settings should be enabled?

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• Apache directive for authenticated users?

  - by Alex Leach

  Using Apache 2.2, I would like to use mod_rewrite to redirect un-authenticated users to use https, if they are on http.. Is there a directive or condition one can test for whether a user is (not) authenticated? For example, I could have set up the restricted /foo location on my server:- <Location "/foo/"> Order deny,allow # Deny everyone, until authenticated... Deny from all # Authentication mechanism AuthType Basic AuthName "Members only" # AuthBasicProvider ... # ... Other authentication stuff here. # Users must be valid. Require valid-user # Logged-in users authorised to view child URLs: Satisfy any # If not SSL, respond with HTTP-redirect RewriteCond ${HTTPS} off RewriteRule /foo/?(.*)$ https://${SERVER_NAME}/foo/$2 [R=301,L] # SSL enforcement. SSLOptions FakeBasicAuth StrictRequire SSLRequireSSL SSLRequire %{SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE} >= 128 </Location> The problem here is that every file, in every subfolder, will be encrypted. This is quite unnecessary, but I see no reason to disallow it. What I would like is the RewriteRule to only be triggered during authentication. If a user is already authorised to view a folder, then I don't want the RewriteRule to be triggered. Is this possible? EDIT: I am not using any front-end HTML here. This is only using Apache's built-in directory browsing interface and its in-built authentication mechanisms. My <Directory> config is: <Directory ~ "/foo/"> Order allow,deny Allow from all AllowOverride None Options +Indexes +FollowSymLinks +Includes +MultiViews IndexOptions +FancyIndexing IndexOptions +XHTML IndexOptions NameWidth=* IndexOptions +TrackModified IndexOptions +SuppressHTMLPreamble IndexOptions +FoldersFirst IndexOptions +IgnoreCase IndexOptions Type=text/html </Directory>

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• Partial-stroking / Short-stroking / Half-stroking Hard Drives?

  - by Daniel Magliola

  Could anyone here explain to me what is implied by this term? (I've seen the same thing mentioned with the 3 terms). At first when I read about it, for some reason I understood that it was some way of splitting the bytes across the platters of the disk, which sounded like a good idea and obviously doesn't make sense, because that wouldn't cut disk size in half (and disk are probably already splitting bytes across platters)... The best I've come to understand is that basically instead of creating one partition for the whole size of the disk, you create 2 partitions, and use only one of them, either the one in the "center" or the one in the "rim" of the platters, and since one of the two is faster (people didn't seem to agree on which one was faster), that makes everything better. Am I understanding this correctly? Has anyone tried this with their drives and had a good outcome? Thanks!

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• OpenAFS on Fedora/CentOS

  - by Michael Pliskin

  I am trying to see if OpenAFS fits my needs as a distributed filesystem and is a bit stuck. There are docs but they're all quite hard to understand, so asking for some expert advice here. My questions: which version to install? I need windows client support so I need 1.5 - right? But it is not stable.. Or is it? And don't see any pre-built rpms for it, so compiling from sources? tried to compile and it worked but it created a non-"mp" kernel module while my kernel needs an mp one - how to workaround that? do I really need a new fresh partition to start with or I can re-use an existing one and just make it available via afp? any nice HOWTOs around?

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• Adding port forwardings programmatically on a ControlMaster SSH session

  - by aef

  I just found out about the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature of OpenSSH, which allows you to use a single SSH connection to run multiple terminals. As I often use SSH to use port forwarding to get encrypted and authenticated VNC sessions I instantly recognized that you can't add port forwardings to a remote server to which you already have an established connection. This sucks. Sometimes later I found out that you can circumvent this limitation by typing ~C in a running SSH terminal session. This opens up a command-line which allows you to add or remove port forwardings. My quesion now is: How can I add port forwardings on an existing SSH session which is using the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature, without the need to have access to a terminal session inside that SSH session. I need this to enable my script which starts a secure tunneled VNC connection for me to add and later remove its port forwardings. (I know I could use a terminal multiplexer such as GNU Screen or tmux, actually I'm doing this already. But I like the idea of using just one SSH session for serveral reasons.)

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• No GUI after upgrade to Ubuntu 9.10 (boots to command line)

  - by Gathris

  I have just upgraded to Ubuntu 9.10 (network upgrade using the update manager, from 9.04 which had different graphics related problems) and when I try to boot into it all I get a small Ubuntu logo, flickering text and then the tty1 command line with a logon prompt. startx gives following error: Fatal server error: no screens found I traced down a tutorial that said I needed the latest graphics drivers (Gigabyte ATI Radeon 4650 HD installed with 9.10 catalyst drivers) so I did using the 'sh' command and a USB stick (I have a working Windows partition) and it installed fine but did not fix the problem. Edit: Thanks to UK and Arjan van Bentem below I was able to understand the full error message of start x: Parse error on lone 2 of /etc/X11/xorg.conf 'nameserver' is not a valid keyword in this section Fatal server error: no screens found This has nothing to do with a graphical error (sorry if I misled anyone) but the xorg.conf file has 3 lines in it and lines 2-3 have an entry 'nameserver'. Using the nano command I commented out (using a # before the entries) the nameservers and can now boot Ubuntu. Thanks to everyone for their help.

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• Unknown filesystem Grub rescue error

  - by Dewish Salik

  I have a lenovo z570, and i installed ubuntu 12.04 alongside with my windows 7. Recently all my games ive been playing, stop responding due to a AppCrash. I searched it on google and they said it had something to do with ubuntu. So i deleted the partition. After restarting my laptop i get the: unknown filesystem grub rescue error. I tried using a windows cd to boot, but it cant. Please HELP!! If you got something please comment or send to [email protected] Thanx in advance

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• Cloning Win 7 installation from MBR to GPR drive and make it bootable

  - by Nelluk

  I've seen threads on similar topics - such as this one - but the answers never seem to solve how to make it bootable. I have Win 7 64-bit on a PC installed on a 2tb MBR volume. The motherboard is UEFI compatible. I just installed a secondary internal 3TB drive which will be partitioned as GPT. Is there a relatively easy way to clone my installation over to the new drive and have that drive be bootable? I have used EaseUS Partition Master to clone the C volume to the D volume, but that would not boot and I assume the issue is that one is MBR and one is GPT. Is there a process to do this?

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• vista winsxs folder eats disk space

  - by Simpzon

  My machine has been running Vista Ultimate 64-Bit for about two years now. ServicePacks SP1 and SP2 are installed, too. The system partition has a size of 55 GB, which should be quite comfortable under normal circumstances, but about 40GB (no typo) are used by the Windows-Folder, especially the subfolder winsxs, which takes about 35 GB. I have already uninstalled as many programs as possible and did run compcln.exe, to reduce it, but this only gained 2-3 GB. What can I do to clean up without risking system stability? I'm a software developer and this is my daily work environment, which means - I can't risk to get strange side-effects from blindly deleting stuff. - You can maybe deduce some typical usage patterns from this information. Any suggestions?

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• how to automatically mount ~/Private using ecryptfs when logging in via ssh pubkey

  - by andreash

  Raionale: I want to be able to automatically make backups to a remote machine, which will be encrypted with ecryptfs. The title says it all: I set up ecryptfs-utils on my Debian Squeeze box, and set up one user to use it via ecryptfs-setup-private. When I log in via SSH using password authentication, the ~/Private directory automatically gets mounted. How can I achieve that ~/Private also automatically gets mounted when logging in via SSH using public key authentication? Obviously, the best solution would be if ecryptfs could somehow 'use' the SSH public key to en/decrypt the data (I know that then using the user's password would not be able to en/decrypt the data any more; this would be acceptable). Probably, this will not work. So perhaps somehow call ecryptfs-mount-private via ssh before logging in via public key? Probably, then I would need to somehow pipe the passphrase through the SSH connection, right? So I would need to store it on the source machine's file system. Not nice either. Any other ideas?

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• XP Computer won't start (Missing/Corrupt 'System' file) - recently added new hard drive

  - by qwerty2

  Hi all, Pulling my hair out here. I recently replaced my D: 1TB drive (not a system drive) with a new 1.5TB drive. I loaded Windows XP, formatted the new drive and it was showing as working fine, alongside my C: windows system drive. I restart my machine and all of a sudden, Windows doesn't load and instead I get: "Windows could not start beause the following file is missing or corrupt" \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM I don't have the original XP installation CD, although I do have another copy of XP, when I try and boot to it, I get the blue 'STOP' screen after it attempts to load the setup utlity for about a minute. Can someone please help? When I set up my new hard drive as a primary partition did this someone screw up my C: hard drive? Did it perhaps unmount it somehow? Any help would be fantastic. Thanks

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• XP Computer won't start (Missing/Corrupt 'System' file) - recently added new hard drive

  - by qwerty2

  Hi all, Pulling my hair out here. I recently replaced my D: 1TB drive (not a system drive) with a new 1.5TB drive. I loaded Windows XP, formatted the new drive and it was showing as working fine, alongside my C: windows system drive. I restart my machine and all of a sudden, Windows doesn't load and instead I get: "Windows could not start beause the following file is missing or corrupt" \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM I don't have the original XP installation CD, although I do have another copy of XP, when I try and boot to it, I get the blue 'STOP' screen after it attempts to load the setup utlity for about a minute. Can someone please help? When I set up my new hard drive as a primary partition did this someone screw up my C: hard drive? Did it perhaps unmount it somehow? Any help would be fantastic. Thanks

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• Can you share offline files cache with two user accounts?

  - by Joel Coehoorn

  I have a new laptop that I use for both home and work. It runs windows 7 ultimate, and is joined to the domain at work. It is okay to use this laptop for both work and personal activities, and I even have an account set up on the local machine in addition to the work domain account specifically for this to help keep the two separate. At home, I have a file server that I use to share files and printers with my wife's laptop, this new laptop, and my old desktop which will now become the family machine. My mp3 library is on there, among other things. What I want to do is use the windows Offline Files feature to keep a synced copy of my music library on the laptop. That part is easy. What's tricky is that I want to share this offline cache between both the local account on the laptop and my work domain account. I could do them both separately, but then I have two copies of a very large music library stored locally. This also means twice the sync burden, when the domain account is rarely connected to the file share. I really want to be able to sync from the local machine account only, and have the domain account be able to use the synced files. I know where the offline file cache is kept (\Windows\CSC) and I can find the cached files (not encrypted), but permissions on the cache are setup weird, and so using that cache directly is not trivial. Any ideas appreciated.

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• Help make sense of a KillDisk error/log

  - by user284194

  I have a hard drive that I've been trying to reformat. I tried reformatting it in the windows XP and 7 installers, and in an Ubuntu live cd with gparted. I tried using dd to 'zero' the drive as well with no success. Finally I ran across KillDisk after a search. I tried to zero the disk again with KillDisk and after 8 hours of zeroing I get the following errors in the log: ----------------------------------------Erase Session Begin--------------------------------------- 2010-03-23 19:35:54 Active@ KILLDISK for Windows Build 5.1.39 started Target: WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0 232.9 GB Located on: WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0 (Serial number: WD-WCANK9604799) Erase method: One Pass Zeros (1 pass) Passes: 1 Bad (unwritable) sectors detected from 1701 to 488397167 on Hard Disk 1. Error (the handle is invalid) refreshing device Hard Disk 1. Error (the handle is invalid) reading sector 0 on 81h. 2010-03-24 02:28:25 Total number of erased device(s): 0, partition(s): 0 -----------------------------------------Erase Session End---------------------------------------- Is the drive dead?

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