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  • How do database servers decide which order to return rows without any "order by" statements?

    - by Chris
    Kind of a whimsical question, always something I've wondered about and I figure knowing why it does what it does might deepen my understanding a bit. Let's say I do "SELECT TOP 10 * FROM TableName". In short timeframes, the same 10 rows come back, so it doesn't seem random. They weren't the first or last created. In my massive sample size of...one table, it isn't returning the min or max auto-incrementing primary key value. I also figure the problem gets more complex when taking joins into account. My database of choice is MSSQL, but I figure this might be an interesting question regardless of the platform.

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  • Is it possible to submit data into a SQL database, wait for that to finish, and then return the ID g

    - by user322478
    I have an ASP form that needs to submit data to two different systems. First the data needs to go into an MS SQL database, which will get an ID. I then need to submit all that form data to an external system, along with that ID. Pretty much everything in the code works just fine, the data goes into the database, and the data will go to the external system. The problem is I am not getting my ID back from SQL when I execute that query. I am under the impression this is happening because of how fast everything occurs in the code. The database is adding it's row at the same time my post page runs it's query to get the ID back, I think. I need to know of a way to wait until SQL finished the insert or wait for a specific amount of time maybe. I already tried using the hacks to "sleep" with ASP, that did not help. I am sure I could accomplish this in .Net, my background is more .Net than ASP, but this is what I have to work with on my current project. Any ideas?

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  • does @@identity return the primary key or identity field?

    - by elspiko
    Hi, My issue is that I've got update triggers on an SQL View (MS SQL 2005) which I'm mapping to LINQ to SQL entities in C#... My SQL looks correct but it complains about trying to insert a null value into a secondary table PK field. I believe my issue relates to having the primary key and identity as seperate fields in the primary table. So my question is this....when using @@identity, does it look at the primary key of the inserted row, or does it look at the field with "IDENTITY" specified???

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  • ASP.NET MVC ‘Extendable-hooks’ – ControllerActionInvoker class

    - by nmarun
    There’s a class ControllerActionInvoker in ASP.NET MVC. This can be used as one of an hook-points to allow customization of your application. Watching Brad Wilsons’ Advanced MP3 from MVC Conf inspired me to write about this class. What MSDN says: “Represents a class that is responsible for invoking the action methods of a controller.” Well if MSDN says it, I think I can instill a fair amount of confidence into what the class does. But just to get to the details, I also looked into the source code for MVC. Seems like the base class Controller is where an IActionInvoker is initialized: 1: protected virtual IActionInvoker CreateActionInvoker() { 2: return new ControllerActionInvoker(); 3: } In the ControllerActionInvoker (the O-O-B behavior), there are different ‘versions’ of InvokeActionMethod() method that actually call the action method in question and return an instance of type ActionResult. 1: protected virtual ActionResult InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary<string, object> parameters) { 2: object returnValue = actionDescriptor.Execute(controllerContext, parameters); 3: ActionResult result = CreateActionResult(controllerContext, actionDescriptor, returnValue); 4: return result; 5: } I guess that’s enough on the ‘behind-the-screens’ of this class. Let’s see how we can use this class to hook-up extensions. Say I have a requirement that the user should be able to get different renderings of the same output, like html, xml, json, csv and so on. The user will type-in the output format in the url and should the get result accordingly. For example: http://site.com/RenderAs/ – renders the default way (the razor view) http://site.com/RenderAs/xml http://site.com/RenderAs/csv … and so on where RenderAs is my controller. There are many ways of doing this and I’m using a custom ControllerActionInvoker class (even though this might not be the best way to accomplish this). For this, my one and only route in the Global.asax.cs is: 1: routes.MapRoute("RenderAsRoute", "RenderAs/{outputType}", 2: new {controller = "RenderAs", action = "Index", outputType = ""}); Here the controller name is ‘RenderAsController’ and the action that’ll get called (always) is the Index action. The outputType parameter will map to the type of output requested by the user (xml, csv…). I intend to display a list of food items for this example. 1: public class Item 2: { 3: public int Id { get; set; } 4: public string Name { get; set; } 5: public Cuisine Cuisine { get; set; } 6: } 7:  8: public class Cuisine 9: { 10: public int CuisineId { get; set; } 11: public string Name { get; set; } 12: } Coming to my ‘RenderAsController’ class. I generate an IList<Item> to represent my model. 1: private static IList<Item> GetItems() 2: { 3: Cuisine cuisine = new Cuisine { CuisineId = 1, Name = "Italian" }; 4: Item item = new Item { Id = 1, Name = "Lasagna", Cuisine = cuisine }; 5: IList<Item> items = new List<Item> { item }; 6: item = new Item {Id = 2, Name = "Pasta", Cuisine = cuisine}; 7: items.Add(item); 8: //... 9: return items; 10: } My action method looks like 1: public IList<Item> Index(string outputType) 2: { 3: return GetItems(); 4: } There are two things that stand out in this action method. The first and the most obvious one being that the return type is not of type ActionResult (or one of its derivatives). Instead I’m passing the type of the model itself (IList<Item> in this case). We’ll convert this to some type of an ActionResult in our custom controller action invoker class later. The second thing (a little subtle) is that I’m not doing anything with the outputType value that is passed on to this action method. This value will be in the RouteData dictionary and we’ll use this in our custom invoker class as well. It’s time to hook up our invoker class. First, I’ll override the Initialize() method of my RenderAsController class. 1: protected override void Initialize(RequestContext requestContext) 2: { 3: base.Initialize(requestContext); 4: string outputType = string.Empty; 5:  6: // read the outputType from the RouteData dictionary 7: if (requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"] != null) 8: { 9: outputType = requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"].ToString(); 10: } 11:  12: // my custom invoker class 13: ActionInvoker = new ContentRendererActionInvoker(outputType); 14: } Coming to the main part of the discussion – the ContentRendererActionInvoker class: 1: public class ContentRendererActionInvoker : ControllerActionInvoker 2: { 3: private readonly string _outputType; 4:  5: public ContentRendererActionInvoker(string outputType) 6: { 7: _outputType = outputType.ToLower(); 8: } 9: //... 10: } So the outputType value that was read from the RouteData, which was passed in from the url, is being set here in  a private field. Moving to the crux of this article, I now override the CreateActionResult method. 1: protected override ActionResult CreateActionResult(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, object actionReturnValue) 2: { 3: if (actionReturnValue == null) 4: return new EmptyResult(); 5:  6: ActionResult result = actionReturnValue as ActionResult; 7: if (result != null) 8: return result; 9:  10: // This is where the magic happens 11: // Depending on the value in the _outputType field, 12: // return an appropriate ActionResult 13: switch (_outputType) 14: { 15: case "json": 16: { 17: JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 18: string json = serializer.Serialize(actionReturnValue); 19: return new ContentResult { Content = json, ContentType = "application/json" }; 20: } 21: case "xml": 22: { 23: XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(actionReturnValue.GetType()); 24: using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) 25: { 26: serializer.Serialize(writer, actionReturnValue); 27: return new ContentResult { Content = writer.ToString(), ContentType = "text/xml" }; 28: } 29: } 30: case "csv": 31: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=items.csv"); 32: return new ContentResult 33: { 34: Content = ToCsv(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>), 35: ContentType = "application/ms-excel" 36: }; 37: case "pdf": 38: string filePath = controllerContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath("~/items.pdf"); 39: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", 40: "attachment; filename=items.pdf"); 41: ToPdf(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>, filePath); 42: return new FileContentResult(StreamFile(filePath), "application/pdf"); 43:  44: default: 45: controllerContext.Controller.ViewData.Model = actionReturnValue; 46: return new ViewResult 47: { 48: TempData = controllerContext.Controller.TempData, 49: ViewData = controllerContext.Controller.ViewData 50: }; 51: } 52: } A big method there! The hook I was talking about kinda above actually is here. This is where different kinds / formats of output get returned based on the output type requested in the url. When the _outputType is not set (string.Empty as set in the Global.asax.cs file), the razor view gets rendered (lines 45-50). This is the default behavior in most MVC applications where-in a view (webform/razor) gets rendered on the browser. As you see here, this gets returned as a ViewResult. But then, for an outputType of json/xml/csv, a ContentResult gets returned, while for pdf, a FileContentResult is returned. Here are how the different kinds of output look like: This is how we can leverage this feature of ASP.NET MVC to developer a better application. I’ve used the iTextSharp library to convert to a pdf format. Mike gives quite a bit of detail regarding this library here. You can download the sample code here. (You’ll get an option to download once you open the link). Verdict: Hot chocolate: $3; Reebok shoes: $50; Your first car: $3000; Being able to extend a web application: Priceless.

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  • Vertex buffer acting strange? [on hold]

    - by Ryan Capote
    I'm having a strange problem, and I don't know what could be causing it. My current code is identical to how I've done this before. I'm trying to render a rectangle using VBO and orthographic projection.   My results:     What I expect: 3x3 rectangle in the top left corner   #include <stdio.h> #include <GL\glew.h> #include <GLFW\glfw3.h> #include "lodepng.h"   static const int FALSE = 0; static const int TRUE = 1;   static const char* VERT_SHADER =     "#version 330\n"       "layout(location=0) in vec4 VertexPosition; "     "layout(location=1) in vec2 UV;"     "uniform mat4 uProjectionMatrix;"     /*"out vec2 TexCoords;"*/       "void main(void) {"     "    gl_Position = uProjectionMatrix*VertexPosition;"     /*"    TexCoords = UV;"*/     "}";   static const char* FRAG_SHADER =     "#version 330\n"       /*"uniform sampler2D uDiffuseTexture;"     "uniform vec4 uColor;"     "in vec2 TexCoords;"*/     "out vec4 FragColor;"       "void main(void) {"    /* "    vec4 texel = texture2D(uDiffuseTexture, TexCoords);"     "    if(texel.a <= 0) {"     "         discard;"     "    }"     "    FragColor = texel;"*/     "    FragColor = vec4(1.f);"     "}";   static int g_running; static GLFWwindow *gl_window; static float gl_projectionMatrix[16];   /*     Structures */ typedef struct _Vertex {     float x, y, z, w;     float u, v; } Vertex;   typedef struct _Position {     float x, y; } Position;   typedef struct _Bitmap {     unsigned char *pixels;     unsigned int width, height; } Bitmap;   typedef struct _Texture {     GLuint id;     unsigned int width, height; } Texture;   typedef struct _VertexBuffer {     GLuint bufferObj, vertexArray; } VertexBuffer;   typedef struct _ShaderProgram {     GLuint vertexShader, fragmentShader, program; } ShaderProgram;   /*   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection */ void createOrthoProjection(float *projection, float width, float height, float far, float near)  {       const float left = 0;     const float right = width;     const float top = 0;     const float bottom = height;          projection[0] = 2.f / (right - left);     projection[1] = 0.f;     projection[2] = 0.f;     projection[3] = -(right+left) / (right-left);     projection[4] = 0.f;     projection[5] = 2.f / (top - bottom);     projection[6] = 0.f;     projection[7] = -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom);     projection[8] = 0.f;     projection[9] = 0.f;     projection[10] = -2.f / (far-near);     projection[11] = (far+near)/(far-near);     projection[12] = 0.f;     projection[13] = 0.f;     projection[14] = 0.f;     projection[15] = 1.f; }   /*     Textures */ void loadBitmap(const char *filename, Bitmap *bitmap, int *success) {     int error = lodepng_decode32_file(&bitmap->pixels, &bitmap->width, &bitmap->height, filename);       if (error != 0) {         printf("Failed to load bitmap. ");         printf(lodepng_error_text(error));         success = FALSE;         return;     } }   void destroyBitmap(Bitmap *bitmap) {     free(bitmap->pixels); }   void createTexture(Texture *texture, const Bitmap *bitmap) {     texture->id = 0;     glGenTextures(1, &texture->id);     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);       glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, bitmap->width, bitmap->height, 0,              GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bitmap->pixels);       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); }   void destroyTexture(Texture *texture) {     glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->id);     texture->id = 0; }   /*     Vertex Buffer */ void createVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer, Vertex *vertices) {     glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertexBuffer->vertexArray);     glBindVertexArray(vertexBuffer->vertexArray);       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertex) * 6, (const GLvoid*)vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);       const unsigned int uvOffset = sizeof(float) * 4;       glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);     glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)uvOffset);       glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);     glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);     glBindVertexArray(0); }   void destroyVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer) {     glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vertexBuffer->vertexArray); }   void bindVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer) {     glBindVertexArray(vertexBuffer->vertexArray);     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer->bufferObj); }   void drawVertexBufferMode(GLenum mode) {     glDrawArrays(mode, 0, 6); }   void drawVertexBuffer() {     drawVertexBufferMode(GL_TRIANGLES); }   void unbindVertexBuffer() {     glBindVertexArray(0);     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); }   /*     Shaders */ void compileShader(ShaderProgram *shaderProgram, const char *vertexSrc, const char *fragSrc) {     GLenum err;     shaderProgram->vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);     shaderProgram->fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);       if (shaderProgram->vertexShader == 0) {         printf("Failed to create vertex shader.");         return;     }       if (shaderProgram->fragmentShader == 0) {         printf("Failed to create fragment shader.");         return;     }       glShaderSource(shaderProgram->vertexShader, 1, &vertexSrc, NULL);     glCompileShader(shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glGetShaderiv(shaderProgram->vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to compile vertex shader.");         return;     }       glShaderSource(shaderProgram->fragmentShader, 1, &fragSrc, NULL);     glCompileShader(shaderProgram->fragmentShader);     glGetShaderiv(shaderProgram->fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to compile fragment shader.");         return;     }       shaderProgram->program = glCreateProgram();     glAttachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glAttachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->fragmentShader);     glLinkProgram(shaderProgram->program);          glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram->program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to link shader.");         return;     } }   void destroyShader(ShaderProgram *shaderProgram) {     glDetachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glDetachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->fragmentShader);       glDeleteShader(shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glDeleteShader(shaderProgram->fragmentShader);       glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram->program); }   GLuint getUniformLocation(const char *name, ShaderProgram *program) {     GLuint result = 0;     result = glGetUniformLocation(program->program, name);       return result; }   void setUniformMatrix(float *matrix, const char *name, ShaderProgram *program) {     GLuint loc = getUniformLocation(name, program);       if (loc == -1) {         printf("Failed to get uniform location in setUniformMatrix.\n");         return;     }       glUniformMatrix4fv(loc, 1, GL_FALSE, matrix); }   /*     General functions */ static int isRunning() {     return g_running && !glfwWindowShouldClose(gl_window); }   static void initializeGLFW(GLFWwindow **window, int width, int height, int *success) {     if (!glfwInit()) {         printf("Failed it inialize GLFW.");         *success = FALSE;        return;     }          glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, 0);     *window = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, "Alignments", NULL, NULL);          if (!*window) {         printf("Failed to create window.");         glfwTerminate();         *success = FALSE;         return;     }          glfwMakeContextCurrent(*window);       GLenum glewErr = glewInit();     if (glewErr != GLEW_OK) {         printf("Failed to initialize GLEW.");         printf(glewGetErrorString(glewErr));         *success = FALSE;         return;     }       glClearColor(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);     glViewport(0, 0, width, height);     *success = TRUE; }   int main(int argc, char **argv) {          int err = FALSE;     initializeGLFW(&gl_window, 480, 320, &err);     glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);     if (err == FALSE) {         return 1;     }          createOrthoProjection(gl_projectionMatrix, 480.f, 320.f, 0.f, 1.f);          g_running = TRUE;          ShaderProgram shader;     compileShader(&shader, VERT_SHADER, FRAG_SHADER);     glUseProgram(shader.program);     setUniformMatrix(&gl_projectionMatrix, "uProjectionMatrix", &shader);       Vertex rectangle[6];     VertexBuffer vbo;     rectangle[0] = (Vertex){0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f}; // Top left     rectangle[1] = (Vertex){3.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 0.f}; // Top right     rectangle[2] = (Vertex){0.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f}; // Bottom left     rectangle[3] = (Vertex){3.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 0.f}; // Top left     rectangle[4] = (Vertex){0.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f}; // Bottom left     rectangle[5] = (Vertex){3.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f}; // Bottom right       createVertexBuffer(&vbo, &rectangle);            bindVertexBuffer(&vbo);          while (isRunning()) {         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);         glfwPollEvents();                    drawVertexBuffer();                    glfwSwapBuffers(gl_window);     }          unbindVertexBuffer(&vbo);       glUseProgram(0);     destroyShader(&shader);     destroyVertexBuffer(&vbo);     glfwTerminate();     return 0; }

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  • The dynamic Type in C# Simplifies COM Member Access from Visual FoxPro

    - by Rick Strahl
    I’ve written quite a bit about Visual FoxPro interoperating with .NET in the past both for ASP.NET interacting with Visual FoxPro COM objects as well as Visual FoxPro calling into .NET code via COM Interop. COM Interop with Visual FoxPro has a number of problems but one of them at least got a lot easier with the introduction of dynamic type support in .NET. One of the biggest problems with COM interop has been that it’s been really difficult to pass dynamic objects from FoxPro to .NET and get them properly typed. The only way that any strong typing can occur in .NET for FoxPro components is via COM type library exports of Visual FoxPro components. Due to limitations in Visual FoxPro’s type library support as well as the dynamic nature of the Visual FoxPro language where few things are or can be described in the form of a COM type library, a lot of useful interaction between FoxPro and .NET required the use of messy Reflection code in .NET. Reflection is .NET’s base interface to runtime type discovery and dynamic execution of code without requiring strong typing. In FoxPro terms it’s similar to EVALUATE() functionality albeit with a much more complex API and corresponiding syntax. The Reflection APIs are fairly powerful, but they are rather awkward to use and require a lot of code. Even with the creation of wrapper utility classes for common EVAL() style Reflection functionality dynamically access COM objects passed to .NET often is pretty tedious and ugly. Let’s look at a simple example. In the following code I use some FoxPro code to dynamically create an object in code and then pass this object to .NET. An alternative to this might also be to create a new object on the fly by using SCATTER NAME on a database record. How the object is created is inconsequential, other than the fact that it’s not defined as a COM object – it’s a pure FoxPro object that is passed to .NET. Here’s the code: *** Create .NET COM InstanceloNet = CREATEOBJECT('DotNetCom.DotNetComPublisher') *** Create a Customer Object Instance (factory method) loCustomer = GetCustomer() loCustomer.Name = "Rick Strahl" loCustomer.Company = "West Wind Technologies" loCustomer.creditLimit = 9999999999.99 loCustomer.Address.StreetAddress = "32 Kaiea Place" loCustomer.Address.Phone = "808 579-8342" loCustomer.Address.Email = "[email protected]" *** Pass Fox Object and echo back values ? loNet.PassRecordObject(loObject) RETURN FUNCTION GetCustomer LOCAL loCustomer, loAddress loCustomer = CREATEOBJECT("EMPTY") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Name","") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Company","") ADDPROPERTY(loCUstomer,"CreditLimit",0.00) ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Entered",DATETIME()) loAddress = CREATEOBJECT("Empty") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"StreetAddress","") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"Phone","") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"Email","") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Address",loAddress) RETURN loCustomer ENDFUNC Now prior to .NET 4.0 you’d have to access this object passed to .NET via Reflection and the method code to do this would looks something like this in the .NET component: public string PassRecordObject(object FoxObject) { // *** using raw Reflection string Company = (string) FoxObject.GetType().InvokeMember( "Company", BindingFlags.GetProperty,null, FoxObject,null); // using the easier ComUtils wrappers string Name = (string) ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"Name"); // Getting Address object – then getting child properties object Address = ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"Address");    string Street = (string) ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"StreetAddress"); // using ComUtils 'Ex' functions you can use . Syntax     string StreetAddress = (string) ComUtils.GetPropertyEx(FoxObject,"AddressStreetAddress"); return Name + Environment.NewLine + Company + Environment.NewLine + StreetAddress + Environment.NewLine + " FOX"; } Note that the FoxObject is passed in as type object which has no specific type. Since the object doesn’t exist in .NET as a type signature the object is passed without any specific type information as plain non-descript object. To retrieve a property the Reflection APIs like Type.InvokeMember or Type.GetProperty().GetValue() etc. need to be used. I made this code a little simpler by using the Reflection Wrappers I mentioned earlier but even with those ComUtils calls the code is pretty ugly requiring passing the objects for each call and casting each element. Using .NET 4.0 Dynamic Typing makes this Code a lot cleaner Enter .NET 4.0 and the dynamic type. Replacing the input parameter to the .NET method from type object to dynamic makes the code to access the FoxPro component inside of .NET much more natural: public string PassRecordObjectDynamic(dynamic FoxObject) { // *** using raw Reflection string Company = FoxObject.Company; // *** using the easier ComUtils class string Name = FoxObject.Name; // *** using ComUtils 'ex' functions to use . Syntax string Address = FoxObject.Address.StreetAddress; return Name + Environment.NewLine + Company + Environment.NewLine + Address + Environment.NewLine + " FOX"; } As you can see the parameter is of type dynamic which as the name implies performs Reflection lookups and evaluation on the fly so all the Reflection code in the last example goes away. The code can use regular object ‘.’ syntax to reference each of the members of the object. You can access properties and call methods this way using natural object language. Also note that all the type casts that were required in the Reflection code go away – dynamic types like var can infer the type to cast to based on the target assignment. As long as the type can be inferred by the compiler at compile time (ie. the left side of the expression is strongly typed) no explicit casts are required. Note that although you get to use plain object syntax in the code above you don’t get Intellisense in Visual Studio because the type is dynamic and thus has no hard type definition in .NET . The above example calls a .NET Component from VFP, but it also works the other way around. Another frequent scenario is an .NET code calling into a FoxPro COM object that returns a dynamic result. Assume you have a FoxPro COM object returns a FoxPro Cursor Record as an object: DEFINE CLASS FoxData AS SESSION OlePublic cAppStartPath = "" FUNCTION INIT THIS.cAppStartPath = ADDBS( JustPath(Application.ServerName) ) SET PATH TO ( THIS.cAppStartpath ) ENDFUNC FUNCTION GetRecord(lnPk) LOCAL loCustomer SELECT * FROM tt_Cust WHERE pk = lnPk ; INTO CURSOR TCustomer IF _TALLY < 1 RETURN NULL ENDIF SCATTER NAME loCustomer MEMO RETURN loCustomer ENDFUNC ENDDEFINE If you call this from a .NET application you can now retrieve this data via COM Interop and cast the result as dynamic to simplify the data access of the dynamic FoxPro type that was created on the fly: int pk = 0; int.TryParse(Request.QueryString["id"],out pk); // Create Fox COM Object with Com Callable Wrapper FoxData foxData = new FoxData(); dynamic foxRecord = foxData.GetRecord(pk); string company = foxRecord.Company; DateTime entered = foxRecord.Entered; This code looks simple and natural as it should be – heck you could write code like this in days long gone by in scripting languages like ASP classic for example. Compared to the Reflection code that previously was necessary to run similar code this is much easier to write, understand and maintain. For COM interop and Visual FoxPro operation dynamic type support in .NET 4.0 is a huge improvement and certainly makes it much easier to deal with FoxPro code that calls into .NET. Regardless of whether you’re using COM for calling Visual FoxPro objects from .NET (ASP.NET calling a COM component and getting a dynamic result returned) or whether FoxPro code is calling into a .NET COM component from a FoxPro desktop application. At one point or another FoxPro likely ends up passing complex dynamic data to .NET and for this the dynamic typing makes coding much cleaner and more readable without having to create custom Reflection wrappers. As a bonus the dynamic runtime that underlies the dynamic type is fairly efficient in terms of making Reflection calls especially if members are repeatedly accessed. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in COM  FoxPro  .NET  CSharp  

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  • C# HashSet<T>

    - by Ben Griswold
    I hadn’t done much (read: anything) with the C# generic HashSet until I recently needed to produce a distinct collection.  As it turns out, HashSet<T> was the perfect tool. As the following snippet demonstrates, this collection type offers a lot: // Using HashSet<T>: // http://www.albahari.com/nutshell/ch07.aspx var letters = new HashSet<char>("the quick brown fox");   Console.WriteLine(letters.Contains('t')); // true Console.WriteLine(letters.Contains('j')); // false   foreach (char c in letters) Console.Write(c); // the quickbrownfx Console.WriteLine();   letters = new HashSet<char>("the quick brown fox"); letters.IntersectWith("aeiou"); foreach (char c in letters) Console.Write(c); // euio Console.WriteLine();   letters = new HashSet<char>("the quick brown fox"); letters.ExceptWith("aeiou"); foreach (char c in letters) Console.Write(c); // th qckbrwnfx Console.WriteLine();   letters = new HashSet<char>("the quick brown fox"); letters.SymmetricExceptWith("the lazy brown fox"); foreach (char c in letters) Console.Write(c); // quicklazy Console.WriteLine(); The MSDN documentation is a bit light on HashSet<T> documentation but if you search hard enough you can find some interesting information and benchmarks. But back to that distinct list I needed… // MSDN Add // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb353005.aspx var employeeA = new Employee {Id = 1, Name = "Employee A"}; var employeeB = new Employee {Id = 2, Name = "Employee B"}; var employeeC = new Employee {Id = 3, Name = "Employee C"}; var employeeD = new Employee {Id = 4, Name = "Employee D"};   var naughty = new List<Employee> {employeeA}; var nice = new List<Employee> {employeeB, employeeC};   var employees = new HashSet<Employee>(); naughty.ForEach(x => employees.Add(x)); nice.ForEach(x => employees.Add(x));   foreach (Employee e in employees) Console.WriteLine(e); // Returns Employee A Employee B Employee C The Add Method returns true on success and, you guessed it, false if the item couldn’t be added to the collection.  I’m using the Linq ForEach syntax to add all valid items to the employees HashSet.  It works really great.  This is just a rough sample, but you may have noticed I’m using Employee, a reference type.  Most samples demonstrate the power of the HashSet with a collection of integers which is kind of cheating.  With value types you don’t have to worry about defining your own equality members.  With reference types, you do. internal class Employee {     public int Id { get; set; }     public string Name { get; set; }       public override string ToString()     {         return Name;     }          public bool Equals(Employee other)     {         if (ReferenceEquals(null, other)) return false;         if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;         return other.Id == Id;     }       public override bool Equals(object obj)     {         if (ReferenceEquals(null, obj)) return false;         if (ReferenceEquals(this, obj)) return true;         if (obj.GetType() != typeof (Employee)) return false;         return Equals((Employee) obj);     }       public override int GetHashCode()     {         return Id;     }       public static bool operator ==(Employee left, Employee right)     {         return Equals(left, right);     }       public static bool operator !=(Employee left, Employee right)     {         return !Equals(left, right);     } } Fortunately, with Resharper, it’s a snap. Click on the class name, ALT+INS and then follow with the handy dialogues. That’s it. Try out the HashSet<T>. It’s good stuff.

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  • How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Just because your old Wi-Fi router has been replaced by a newer model doesn’t mean it needs to gather dust in the closet. Read on as we show you how to take an old and underpowered Wi-Fi router and turn it into a respectable network switch (saving your $20 in the process). Image by mmgallan. Why Do I Want To Do This? Wi-Fi technology has changed significantly in the last ten years but Ethernet-based networking has changed very little. As such, a Wi-Fi router with 2006-era guts is lagging significantly behind current Wi-Fi router technology, but the Ethernet networking component of the device is just as useful as ever; aside from potentially being only 100Mbs instead of 1000Mbs capable (which for 99% of home applications is irrelevant) Ethernet is Ethernet. What does this matter to you, the consumer? It means that even though your old router doesn’t hack it for your Wi-Fi needs any longer the device is still a perfectly serviceable (and high quality) network switch. When do you need a network switch? Any time you want to share an Ethernet cable among multiple devices, you need a switch. For example, let’s say you have a single Ethernet wall jack behind your entertainment center. Unfortunately you have four devices that you want to link to your local network via hardline including your smart HDTV, DVR, Xbox, and a little Raspberry Pi running XBMC. Instead of spending $20-30 to purchase a brand new switch of comparable build quality to your old Wi-Fi router it makes financial sense (and is environmentally friendly) to invest five minutes of your time tweaking the settings on the old router to turn it from a Wi-Fi access point and routing tool into a network switch–perfect for dropping behind your entertainment center so that your DVR, Xbox, and media center computer can all share an Ethernet connection. What Do I Need? For this tutorial you’ll need a few things, all of which you likely have readily on hand or are free for download. To follow the basic portion of the tutorial, you’ll need the following: 1 Wi-Fi router with Ethernet ports 1 Computer with Ethernet jack 1 Ethernet cable For the advanced tutorial you’ll need all of those things, plus: 1 copy of DD-WRT firmware for your Wi-Fi router We’re conducting the experiment with a Linksys WRT54GL Wi-Fi router. The WRT54 series is one of the best selling Wi-Fi router series of all time and there’s a good chance a significant number of readers have one (or more) of them stuffed in an office closet. Even if you don’t have one of the WRT54 series routers, however, the principles we’re outlining here apply to all Wi-Fi routers; as long as your router administration panel allows the necessary changes you can follow right along with us. A quick note on the difference between the basic and advanced versions of this tutorial before we proceed. Your typical Wi-Fi router has 5 Ethernet ports on the back: 1 labeled “Internet”, “WAN”, or a variation thereof and intended to be connected to your DSL/Cable modem, and 4 labeled 1-4 intended to connect Ethernet devices like computers, printers, and game consoles directly to the Wi-Fi router. When you convert a Wi-Fi router to a switch, in most situations, you’ll lose two port as the “Internet” port cannot be used as a normal switch port and one of the switch ports becomes the input port for the Ethernet cable linking the switch to the main network. This means, referencing the diagram above, you’d lose the WAN port and LAN port 1, but retain LAN ports 2, 3, and 4 for use. If you only need to switch for 2-3 devices this may be satisfactory. However, for those of you that would prefer a more traditional switch setup where there is a dedicated WAN port and the rest of the ports are accessible, you’ll need to flash a third-party router firmware like the powerful DD-WRT onto your device. Doing so opens up the router to a greater degree of modification and allows you to assign the previously reserved WAN port to the switch, thus opening up LAN ports 1-4. Even if you don’t intend to use that extra port, DD-WRT offers you so many more options that it’s worth the extra few steps. Preparing Your Router for Life as a Switch Before we jump right in to shutting down the Wi-Fi functionality and repurposing your device as a network switch, there are a few important prep steps to attend to. First, you want to reset the router (if you just flashed a new firmware to your router, skip this step). Following the reset procedures for your particular router or go with what is known as the “Peacock Method” wherein you hold down the reset button for thirty seconds, unplug the router and wait (while still holding the reset button) for thirty seconds, and then plug it in while, again, continuing to hold down the rest button. Over the life of a router there are a variety of changes made, big and small, so it’s best to wipe them all back to the factory default before repurposing the router as a switch. Second, after resetting, we need to change the IP address of the device on the local network to an address which does not directly conflict with the new router. The typical default IP address for a home router is 192.168.1.1; if you ever need to get back into the administration panel of the router-turned-switch to check on things or make changes it will be a real hassle if the IP address of the device conflicts with the new home router. The simplest way to deal with this is to assign an address close to the actual router address but outside the range of addresses that your router will assign via the DHCP client; a good pick then is 192.168.1.2. Once the router is reset (or re-flashed) and has been assigned a new IP address, it’s time to configure it as a switch. Basic Router to Switch Configuration If you don’t want to (or need to) flash new firmware onto your device to open up that extra port, this is the section of the tutorial for you: we’ll cover how to take a stock router, our previously mentioned WRT54 series Linksys, and convert it to a switch. Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (consider the WAN port as good as dead from this point forward, unless you start using the router in its traditional function again or later flash a more advanced firmware to the device, the port is officially retired at this point). Open the administration control panel via  web browser on a connected computer. Before we get started two things: first,  anything we don’t explicitly instruct you to change should be left in the default factory-reset setting as you find it, and two, change the settings in the order we list them as some settings can’t be changed after certain features are disabled. To start, let’s navigate to Setup ->Basic Setup. Here you need to change the following things: Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2] Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0] DHCP Server: Disable Save with the “Save Settings” button and then navigate to Setup -> Advanced Routing: Operating Mode: Router This particular setting is very counterintuitive. The “Operating Mode” toggle tells the device whether or not it should enable the Network Address Translation (NAT)  feature. Because we’re turning a smart piece of networking hardware into a relatively dumb one, we don’t need this feature so we switch from Gateway mode (NAT on) to Router mode (NAT off). Our next stop is Wireless -> Basic Wireless Settings: Wireless SSID Broadcast: Disable Wireless Network Mode: Disabled After disabling the wireless we’re going to, again, do something counterintuitive. Navigate to Wireless -> Wireless Security and set the following parameters: Security Mode: WPA2 Personal WPA Algorithms: TKIP+AES WPA Shared Key: [select some random string of letters, numbers, and symbols like JF#d$di!Hdgio890] Now you may be asking yourself, why on Earth are we setting a rather secure Wi-Fi configuration on a Wi-Fi router we’re not going to use as a Wi-Fi node? On the off chance that something strange happens after, say, a power outage when your router-turned-switch cycles on and off a bunch of times and the Wi-Fi functionality is activated we don’t want to be running the Wi-Fi node wide open and granting unfettered access to your network. While the chances of this are next-to-nonexistent, it takes only a few seconds to apply the security measure so there’s little reason not to. Save your changes and navigate to Security ->Firewall. Uncheck everything but Filter Multicast Firewall Protect: Disable At this point you can save your changes again, review the changes you’ve made to ensure they all stuck, and then deploy your “new” switch wherever it is needed. Advanced Router to Switch Configuration For the advanced configuration, you’ll need a copy of DD-WRT installed on your router. Although doing so is an extra few steps, it gives you a lot more control over the process and liberates an extra port on the device. Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (later you can switch the cable to the WAN port). Open the administration control panel via web browser on the connected computer. Navigate to the Setup -> Basic Setup tab to get started. In the Basic Setup tab, ensure the following settings are adjusted. The setting changes are not optional and are required to turn the Wi-Fi router into a switch. WAN Connection Type: Disabled Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2] Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0] DHCP Server: Disable In addition to disabling the DHCP server, also uncheck all the DNSMasq boxes as the bottom of the DHCP sub-menu. If you want to activate the extra port (and why wouldn’t you), in the WAN port section: Assign WAN Port to Switch [X] At this point the router has become a switch and you have access to the WAN port so the LAN ports are all free. Since we’re already in the control panel, however, we might as well flip a few optional toggles that further lock down the switch and prevent something odd from happening. The optional settings are arranged via the menu you find them in. Remember to save your settings with the save button before moving onto a new tab. While still in the Setup -> Basic Setup menu, change the following: Gateway/Local DNS : [IP address of primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.1] NTP Client : Disable The next step is to turn off the radio completely (which not only kills the Wi-Fi but actually powers the physical radio chip off). Navigate to Wireless -> Advanced Settings -> Radio Time Restrictions: Radio Scheduling: Enable Select “Always Off” There’s no need to create a potential security problem by leaving the Wi-Fi radio on, the above toggle turns it completely off. Under Services -> Services: DNSMasq : Disable ttraff Daemon : Disable Under the Security -> Firewall tab, uncheck every box except “Filter Multicast”, as seen in the screenshot above, and then disable SPI Firewall. Once you’re done here save and move on to the Administration tab. Under Administration -> Management:  Info Site Password Protection : Enable Info Site MAC Masking : Disable CRON : Disable 802.1x : Disable Routing : Disable After this final round of tweaks, save and then apply your settings. Your router has now been, strategically, dumbed down enough to plod along as a very dependable little switch. Time to stuff it behind your desk or entertainment center and streamline your cabling.     

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  • Unable to sign in. How to debug?

    - by Dmitriy Budnik
    I had to reboot system with reset button. After reboot I can't sign in. When I enter my password It seems like X-server just restarts. I can sing in as guest and also I can sign in in text TTY. Here is first 150 lines of my lightdm.log: [+0.04s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting Light Display Manager 1.2.1, UID=0 PID=1070 [+0.04s] DEBUG: Loaded configuration from /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf [+0.04s] DEBUG: Using D-Bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager [+0.04s] DEBUG: Registered seat module xlocal [+0.04s] DEBUG: Registered seat module xremote [+0.04s] DEBUG: Adding default seat [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting seat [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting new display for automatic login as user dmytro [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting local X display [+3.64s] DEBUG: X server :0 will replace Plymouth [+3.66s] DEBUG: Using VT 7 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log [+3.66s] DEBUG: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Launching X Server [+3.66s] DEBUG: Launching process 1154: /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch -background none [+3.66s] DEBUG: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Acquired bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager [+3.66s] DEBUG: Registering seat with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0 [+10.78s] DEBUG: Got signal 10 from process 1154 [+10.78s] DEBUG: Got signal from X server :0 [+10.78s] DEBUG: Stopping Plymouth, X server is ready [+10.80s] DEBUG: Connecting to XServer :0 [+10.80s] DEBUG: Automatically logging in user dmytro [+10.80s] DEBUG: Started session 1303 with service 'lightdm-autologin', username 'dmytro' [+13.22s] DEBUG: Session 1303 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+13.26s] DEBUG: Autologin user dmytro authorized [+13.27s] DEBUG: Autologin using session ubuntu [+14.44s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+14.48s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+14.49s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+14.49s] DEBUG: Writing /home/dmytro/.dmrc [+14.61s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+14.81s] DEBUG: Starting session ubuntu as user dmytro [+14.81s] DEBUG: Session 1303 running command /usr/sbin/lightdm-session gnome-session --session=ubuntu [+15.76s] DEBUG: New display ready, switching to it [+15.76s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+15.76s] DEBUG: Registering session with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0 [+16.63s] DEBUG: Session 1303 exited with return value 0 [+16.63s] DEBUG: User session quit [+16.63s] DEBUG: Stopping display [+16.63s] DEBUG: Sending signal 15 to process 1154 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Process 1154 exited with return value 0 [+17.19s] DEBUG: X server stopped [+17.19s] DEBUG: Removing X server authority /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Releasing VT 7 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Display server stopped [+17.19s] DEBUG: Display stopped [+17.19s] DEBUG: Active display stopped, switching to greeter [+17.19s] DEBUG: Switching to greeter [+17.19s] DEBUG: Starting new display for greeter [+17.19s] DEBUG: Starting local X display [+17.19s] DEBUG: Using VT 7 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log [+17.19s] DEBUG: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Launching X Server [+17.19s] DEBUG: Launching process 1563: /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch [+17.19s] DEBUG: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Got signal 10 from process 1563 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Got signal from X server :0 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Connecting to XServer :0 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Starting greeter [+17.48s] DEBUG: Started session 1575 with service 'lightdm', username 'lightdm' [+17.61s] DEBUG: Session 1575 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+17.61s] DEBUG: Greeter authorized [+17.61s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log [+17.68s] DEBUG: Session 1575 running command /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-greeter-session /usr/sbin/unity-greeter [+20.86s] DEBUG: Greeter connected version=1.2.1 [+20.86s] DEBUG: Greeter connected, display is ready [+20.86s] DEBUG: New display ready, switching to it [+20.86s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+20.86s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter display being switched from [+24.90s] DEBUG: Greeter start authentication for dmytro [+24.90s] DEBUG: Started session 1746 with service 'lightdm', username 'dmytro' [+25.10s] DEBUG: Session 1746 got 1 message(s) from PAM [+25.10s] DEBUG: Prompt greeter with 1 message(s) [+31.87s] DEBUG: Continue authentication [+33.75s] DEBUG: Session 1746 authentication complete with return value 7: Authentication failure [+33.75s] DEBUG: Authenticate result for user dmytro: Authentication failure [+33.75s] DEBUG: Greeter start authentication for dmytro [+33.75s] DEBUG: Session 1746: Sending SIGTERM [+33.75s] DEBUG: Started session 2264 with service 'lightdm', username 'dmytro' [+33.75s] DEBUG: Session 2264 got 1 message(s) from PAM [+33.75s] DEBUG: Prompt greeter with 1 message(s) [+36.41s] DEBUG: Continue authentication [+36.53s] DEBUG: Session 2264 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+36.53s] DEBUG: Authenticate result for user dmytro: Success [+36.54s] DEBUG: User dmytro authorized [+36.54s] DEBUG: Greeter requests session ubuntu [+36.54s] DEBUG: Using session ubuntu [+36.54s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter [+36.54s] DEBUG: Session 1575: Sending SIGTERM [+37.41s] DEBUG: Greeter closed communication channel [+37.41s] DEBUG: Session 1575 exited with return value 0 [+37.41s] DEBUG: Greeter quit [+37.42s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+37.42s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+37.43s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+37.43s] DEBUG: Writing /home/dmytro/.dmrc [+38.35s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+40.37s] DEBUG: Starting session ubuntu as user dmytro [+40.37s] DEBUG: Session 2264 running command /usr/sbin/lightdm-session gnome-session --session=ubuntu [+40.39s] DEBUG: Registering session with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session1 [+50.78s] DEBUG: Session 2264 exited with return value 0 [+50.78s] DEBUG: User session quit [+50.78s] DEBUG: Stopping display [+50.78s] DEBUG: Sending signal 15 to process 1563 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Process 1563 exited with return value 0 [+51.53s] DEBUG: X server stopped [+51.53s] DEBUG: Removing X server authority /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Releasing VT 7 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Display server stopped [+51.53s] DEBUG: Display stopped [+51.53s] DEBUG: Active display stopped, switching to greeter [+51.53s] DEBUG: Switching to greeter [+51.53s] DEBUG: Starting new display for greeter [+51.53s] DEBUG: Starting local X display [+51.53s] DEBUG: Using VT 7 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log [+51.53s] DEBUG: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Launching X Server [+51.53s] DEBUG: Launching process 2894: /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch [+51.53s] DEBUG: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Got signal 10 from process 2894 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Got signal from X server :0 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Connecting to XServer :0 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Starting greeter [+51.75s] DEBUG: Started session 2898 with service 'lightdm', username 'lightdm' [+51.76s] DEBUG: Session 2898 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+51.76s] DEBUG: Greeter authorized [+51.76s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log [+51.76s] DEBUG: Session 2898 running command /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-greeter-session /usr/sbin/unity-greeter [+53.26s] DEBUG: Greeter connected version=1.2.1 [+53.26s] DEBUG: Greeter connected, display is ready [+53.26s] DEBUG: New display ready, switching to it [+53.26s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+53.26s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter display being switched from [+54.17s] DEBUG: Greeter start authentication for dmytro [+54.17s] DEBUG: Started session 3152 with service 'lightdm', username 'dmytro' [+54.18s] DEBUG: Session 3152 got 1 message(s) from PAM [+54.18s] DEBUG: Prompt greeter with 1 message(s) [+58.61s] DEBUG: Continue authentication [+58.65s] DEBUG: Session 3152 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+58.65s] DEBUG: Authenticate result for user dmytro: Success [+58.66s] DEBUG: User dmytro authorized [+58.66s] DEBUG: Greeter requests session ubuntu [+58.66s] DEBUG: Using session ubuntu [+58.66s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter [+58.66s] DEBUG: Session 2898: Sending SIGTERM How can I fix it? What other .log files could possibly give me a clue? Update: Possibly it's duplicate of Desktop login fails, terminal works

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  • Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 10 &ndash; In Depth TCP/IP Networking

    - by MarkPearl
    After reading this section you should be able to Understand methods of network design unique to TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and address translation Explain the differences between public and private TCP/IP networks Describe protocols used between mail clients and mail servers, including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network discovery and troubleshooting Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks The following sections explain how network and host information in an IPv4 address can be manipulated to subdivide networks into smaller segments. Subnetting Subnetting separates a network into multiple logically defined segments, or subnets. Networks are commonly subnetted according to geographic locations, departmental boundaries, or technology types. A network administrator might separate traffic to accomplish the following… Enhance security Improve performance Simplify troubleshooting The challenges of Classful Addressing in IPv4 (No subnetting) The simplest type of IPv4 is known as classful addressing (which was the Class A, Class B & Class C network addresses). Classful addressing has the following limitations. Restriction in the number of usable IPv4 addresses (class C would be limited to 254 addresses) Difficult to separate traffic from various parts of a network Because of the above reasons, subnetting was introduced. IPv4 Subnet Masks Subnetting depends on the use of subnet masks to identify how a network is subdivided. A subnet mask indicates where network information is located in an IPv4 address. The 1 in a subnet mask indicates that corresponding bits in the IPv4 address contain network information (likewise 0 indicates the opposite) Each network class is associated with a default subnet mask… Class A = 255.0.0.0 Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0 An example of calculating  the network ID for a particular device with a subnet mask is shown below.. IP Address = 199.34.89.127 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Resultant Network ID = 199.34.89.0 IPv4 Subnetting Techniques Subnetting breaks the rules of classful IPv4 addressing. Read page 490 for a detailed explanation Calculating IPv4 Subnets Read page 491 – 494 for an explanation Important… Subnetting only applies to the devices internal to your network. Everything external looks at the class of the IP address instead of the subnet network ID. This way, traffic directed to your network externally still knows where to go, and once it has entered your internal network it can then be prioritized and segmented. CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. In CIDR conventional network class distinctions do not exist, a subnet boundary can move to the left, therefore generating more usable IP addresses on your network. A subnet created by moving the subnet boundary to the left is known as a supernet. With CIDR also came new shorthand for denoting the position of subnet boundaries known as CIDR notation or slash notation. CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. To take advantage of classless routing, your networks routers must be able to interpret IP addresses that don;t adhere to conventional network class parameters. Routers that rely on older routing protocols (i.e. RIP) are not capable of interpreting classless IP addresses. Internet Gateways Gateways are a combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data. A gateway facilitates communication between different networks or subnets. Because on device cannot send data directly to a device on another subnet, a gateway must intercede and hand off the information. Every device on a TCP/IP based network has a default gateway (a gateway that first interprets its outbound requests to other subnets, and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnets). The internet contains a vast number of routers and gateways. If each gateway had to track addressing information for every other gateway on the Internet, it would be overtaxed. Instead, each handles only a relatively small amount of addressing information, which it uses to forward data to another gateway that knows more about the data’s destination. The gateways that make up the internet backbone are called core gateways. Address Translation An organizations default gateway can also be used to “hide” the organizations internal IP addresses and keep them from being recognized on a public network. A public network is one that any user may access with little or no restrictions. On private networks, hiding IP addresses allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Clients behind a gateway may use any IP addressing scheme, regardless of whether it is recognized as legitimate by the Internet authorities but as soon as those devices need to go on the internet, they must have legitimate IP addresses to exchange data. When a clients transmission reaches the default gateway, the gateway opens the IP datagram and replaces the client’s private IP address with an Internet recognized IP address. This process is known as NAT (Network Address Translation). TCP/IP Mail Services All Internet mail services rely on the same principles of mail delivery, storage, and pickup, though they may use different types of software to accomplish these functions. Email servers and clients communicate through special TCP/IP application layer protocols. These protocols, all of which operate on a variety of operating systems are discussed below… SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) The protocol responsible for moving messages from one mail server to another over TCP/IP based networks. SMTP belongs to the application layer of the ODI model and relies on TCP as its transport protocol. Operates from port 25 on the SMTP server Simple sub-protocol, incapable of doing anything more than transporting mail or holding it in a queue MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than 1000 ascii characters meaning if you relied solely on SMTP you would have very short messages and nothing like pictures included in an email. MIME us a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ascii character sets within an email message. MIME identifies each element of a mail message according to content type. MIME does not replace SMTP but works in conjunction with it. Most modern email clients and servers support MIME POP (Post Office Protocol) POP is an application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server POP3 relies on TCP and operates over port 110 With POP3 mail is delivered and stored on a mail server until it is downloaded by a user Disadvantage of POP3 is that it typically does not allow users to save their messages on the server because of this IMAP is sometimes used IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) IMAP is a retrieval protocol that was developed as a more sophisticated alternative to POP3 The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has over POP3 is that users can store messages on the mail server, rather than having to continually download them Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any mail message Users can review their messages and delete them while the messages remain on the server Users can create sophisticated methods of organizing messages on the server Users can share a mailbox in a central location Disadvantages of IMAP are typically related to the fact that it requires more storage space on the server. Additional TCP/IP Utilities Nearly all TCP/IP utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on any type of server or client running TCP/IP. The syntaxt may differ depending on the OS of the client. Below is a list of additional TCP/IP utilities – research their use on your own! Ipconfig (Windows) & Ifconfig (Linux) Netstat Nbtstat Hostname, Host & Nslookup Dig (Linux) Whois (Linux) Traceroute (Tracert) Mtr (my traceroute) Route

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  • use svcutil to map multiple namespaces for generating wcf service proxies

    - by Pratik
    I want to use svcutil to map multiple wsdl namespace to clr namespace when generating service proxies. I use strong versioning of namespaces and hence the generated clr namespaces are awkward and may mean many client side code changes if the wsdl/xsd namespace version changes. A code example would be better to show what I want. // Service code namespace TestService.StoreService { [DataContract(Namespace = "http://mydomain.com/xsd/Model/Store/2009/07/01")] public class Address { [DataMember(IsRequired = true, Order = 0)] public string street { get; set; } } [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://mydomain.com/wsdl/StoreService-v1.0")] public interface IStoreService { [OperationContract] List<Customer> GetAllCustomersForStore(int storeId); [OperationContract] Address GetStoreAddress(int storeId); } public class StoreService : IStoreService { public List<Customer> GetAllCustomersForStore(int storeId) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public Address GetStoreAddress(int storeId) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } } namespace TestService.CustomerService { [DataContract(Namespace = "http://mydomain.com/xsd/Model/Customer/2009/07/01")] public class Address { [DataMember(IsRequired = true, Order = 0)] public string city { get; set; } } [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://mydomain.com/wsdl/CustomerService-v1.0")] public interface ICustomerService { [OperationContract] Customer GetCustomer(int customerId); [OperationContract] Address GetStoreAddress(int customerId); } public class CustomerService : ICustomerService { public Customer GetCustomer(int customerId) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public Address GetStoreAddress(int customerId) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } } namespace TestService.Shared { [DataContract(Namespace = "http://mydomain.com/xsd/Model/Shared/2009/07/01")] public class Customer { [DataMember(IsRequired = true, Order = 0)] public int CustomerId { get; set; } [DataMember(IsRequired = true, Order = 1)] public string FirstName { get; set; } } } 1. svcutil - without namespace mapping svcutil.exe /t:metadata TestSvcUtil\bin\debug\TestService.CustomerService.dll TestSvcUtil\bin\debug\TestService.StoreService.dll svcutil.exe /t:code *.wsdl *.xsd /o:TestClient\WebServiceProxy.cs The generated proxy looks like namespace mydomain.com.xsd.Model.Shared._2009._07._011 { public partial class Customer{} } namespace mydomain.com.xsd.Model.Customer._2009._07._011 { public partial class Address{} } namespace mydomain.com.xsd.Model.Store._2009._07._011 { public partial class Address{} } The client classes are out of any namespaces. Any change to xsd namespace would imply changing all using statements in my client code all build will break. 2. svcutil - with wildcard namespace mapping svcutil.exe /t:metadata TestSvcUtil\bin\debug\TestService.CustomerService.dll TestSvcUtil\bin\debug\TestService.StoreService.dll svcutil.exe /t:code *.wsdl *.xsd /n:*,MyDomain.ServiceProxy /o:TestClient\WebServicesProxy2.cs The generated proxy looks like namespace MyDomain.ServiceProxy { public partial class Customer{} public partial class Address{} public partial class Address1{} public partial class CustomerServiceClient{} public partial class StoreServiceClient{} } Notice that svcutil has automatically changed one of the Address class to Address1. I don't like this. All client classes are also inside the same namespace. What I want Something like this: svcutil.exe /t:code *.wsdl *.xsd /n:"http://mydomain.com/xsd/Model/Shared/2009/07/01, MyDomain.Model.Shared;http://mydomain.com/xsd/Model/Customer/2009/07/01, MyDomain.Model.Customer;http://mydomain.com/wsdl/CustomerService-v1.0, MyDomain.CustomerServiceProxy;http://mydomain.com/xsd/Model/Store/2009/07/01, MyDomain.Model.Store;http://mydomain.com/wsdl/StoreService-v1.0, MyDomain.StoreServiceProxy" /o:TestClient\WebServiceProxy3.cs This way I can logically group the clr namespace and any change to wsdl/xsd namespace is handled in the proxy generation only without affecting the rest of the client side code. Now this is not possible. The svcutil allows to map only one or all namespaces, not a list of mappings. I can do one mapping as shown below but not multiple svcutil.exe /t:code *.wsdl *.xsd /n:"http://mydomain.com/xsd/Model/Store/2009/07/01, MyDomain.Model.Address" /o:TestClient\WebServiceProxy4.cs But is there any solution. Svcutil is not magic, it is written in .Net and programatically generating the proxies. Has anyone written an alternate to svcutil or point me to directions so that I can write one.

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  • Slow NFS and GFS2 performance

    - by Tiago
    Recently I've designed and configured a 4 node cluster for a webapp that does lots of file handling. The cluster have been broken down into 2 main roles, webserver and storage. Each role is replicated to a second server using drbd in active/passive mode. The webserver does a NFS mount of the data directory of the storage server and the latter also has a webserver running to serve files to browser clients. In the storage servers I've created a GFS2 FS to hold the data which is wired to drbd. I've chose GFS2 mainly because the announced performance and also because the volume size which has to be pretty high. Since we entered production I've been facing two problems that I think are deeply connected. First of all, the NFS mount on the webservers keeps hanging for a minute or so and then resumes normal operations. By analyzing the logs I've found out that NFS stops answering for a while and outputs the following log lines: Oct 15 18:15:42 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:44 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:46 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:47 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:47 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:47 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:48 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:48 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:51 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:52 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:52 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:55 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:55 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan not responding, still trying Oct 15 18:15:58 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK Oct 15 18:15:59 <server hostname> kernel: nfs: server active.storage.vlan OK In this case, the hang lasted for 16 seconds but sometimes it takes 1 or 2 minutes to resume normal operations. My first guess was this was happening due to heavy load of the NFS mount and that by increasing RPCNFSDCOUNT to a higher value, this would become stable. I've increased it several times and apparently, after a while, the logs started appearing less times. The value is now on 32. After further investigating the issue, I've came across a different hang, despite the NFS messages still appear in the logs. Sometimes, the GFS2 FS simply hangs which causes both the NFS and the storage webserver to serve files. Both stay hang for a while and then they resume normal operations. This hangs leaves no trace on client side (also leaves no NFS ... not responding messages) and, on the storage side, the log system appears to be empty, even though the rsyslogd is running. The nodes connect themselves through a 10Gbps non-dedicated connection but I don't think this is an issue because the GFS2 hang is confirmed but connecting directly to the active storage server. I've been trying to solve this for a while now and I've tried different NFS configuration options, before I've found out the GFS2 FS is also hanging. The NFS mount is exported as such: /srv/data/ <ip_address>(rw,async,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,fsid=25) And the NFS client mounts with: mount -o "async,hard,intr,wsize=8192,rsize=8192" active.storage.vlan:/srv/data /srv/data After some tests, these were the configurations that yielded more performance to the cluster. I am desperate to find a solution for this as the cluster is already in production mode and I need to fix this so that this hangs won't happen in the future and I don't really know for sure what and how I should be benchmarking. What I can tell is that this is happening due to heavy loads as I have tested the cluster earlier and this problems weren't happening at all. Please tell me if you need me to provide configuration details of the cluster, and which do you want me to post. As last resort I can migrate the files to a different FS but I need some solid pointers on whether this will solve this problems as the volume size is extremely large at this point. The servers are being hosted by a third-party enterprise and I don't have physical access to them. Best regards. EDIT 1: The servers are physical servers and their specs are: Webservers: Intel Bi Xeon E5606 2x4 2.13GHz 24GB DDR3 Intel SSD 320 2 x 120GB Raid 1 Storage: Intel i5 3550 3.3GHz 16GB DDR3 12 x 2TB SATA Initially there was a VRack setup between the servers but we've upgraded one of the storage servers to have more RAM and it wasn't inside the VRack. They connect through a shared 10Gbps connection between them. Please note that it is the same connection that is used for public access. They use a single IP (using IP Failover) to connect between them and to allow for a graceful failover. NFS is therefore over a public connection and not under any private network (it was before the upgrade, were the problem still existed). The firewall was configured and tested thoroughly but I disabled it for a while to see if the problem still occurred, and it did. From my knowledge the hosting provider isn't blocking or limiting the connection between either the servers and the public domain (at least under a given bandwidth consumption threshold that hasn't been reached yet). Hope this helps figuring out the problem. EDIT 2: Relevant software versions: CentOS 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.x86_64 nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-4.el6.x86_64 gfs2-utils-3.0.12.1-32.el6_3.1.x86_64 kmod-drbd84-8.4.2-1.el6_3.elrepo.x86_64 drbd84-utils-8.4.2-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64 DRBD configuration on storage servers: #/etc/drbd.d/storage.res resource storage { protocol C; on <server1 fqdn> { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/vg_storage/LV_replicated; address <server1 ip>:7788; meta-disk internal; } on <server2 fqdn> { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/vg_storage/LV_replicated; address <server2 ip>:7788; meta-disk internal; } } NFS Configuration in storage servers: #/etc/sysconfig/nfs RPCNFSDCOUNT=32 STATD_PORT=10002 STATD_OUTGOING_PORT=10003 MOUNTD_PORT=10004 RQUOTAD_PORT=10005 LOCKD_UDPPORT=30001 LOCKD_TCPPORT=30001 (can there be any conflict in using the same port for both LOCKD_UDPPORT and LOCKD_TCPPORT?) GFS2 configuration: # gfs2_tool gettune <mountpoint> incore_log_blocks = 1024 log_flush_secs = 60 quota_warn_period = 10 quota_quantum = 60 max_readahead = 262144 complain_secs = 10 statfs_slow = 0 quota_simul_sync = 64 statfs_quantum = 30 quota_scale = 1.0000 (1, 1) new_files_jdata = 0 Storage network environment: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <mac address> inet addr:<ip address> Bcast:<bcast address> Mask:<ip mask> inet6 addr: <ip address> Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:957025127 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1473338731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2630984979622 (2.3 TiB) TX bytes:1648430431523 (1.4 TiB) eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <mac address> inet addr:<ip failover address> Bcast:<bcast address> Mask:<ip mask> UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 The IP addresses are statically assigned with the given network configurations: DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO="static" HWADDR=<mac address> ONBOOT="yes" TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=<ip address> NETMASK=<net mask> and DEVICE="eth0:0" BOOTPROTO="static" HWADDR=<mac address> IPADDR=<ip failover> NETMASK=<net mask> ONBOOT="yes" BROADCAST=<bcast address> Hosts file to allow for a graceful NFS failover in conjunction with NFS option fsid=25 set on both storage servers: #/etc/hosts <storage ip failover address> active.storage.vlan <webserver ip failover address> active.service.vlan As you can see, packet errors are down to 0. I've also ran ping for a long time without any packet loss. MTU size is the normal 1500. As there is no VLan by now, this is the MTU used to communicate between servers. The webservers' network environment is similar. One thing I forgot to mention is that the storage servers handle ~200GB of new files each day through the NFS connection, which is a key point for me to think this is some kind of heavy load problem with either NFS or GFS2. If you need further configuration details please tell me. EDIT 3: Earlier today we had a major filesystem crash on the storage server. I couldn't get the details of the crash right away because the server stop responding. After the reboot, I noticed the filesystem was extremely slow, and I was not being able to serve a single file through either NFS or httpd, perhaps due to cache warming or so. Nevertheless, I've been monitoring the server closely and the following error came up in dmesg. The source of the problem is clearly GFS, which is waiting for a lock and ends up starving after a while. INFO: task nfsd:3029 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. nfsd D 0000000000000000 0 3029 2 0x00000080 ffff8803814f79e0 0000000000000046 0000000000000000 ffffffff8109213f ffff880434c5e148 ffff880624508d88 ffff8803814f7960 ffffffffa037253f ffff8803815c1098 ffff8803814f7fd8 000000000000fb88 ffff8803815c1098 Call Trace: [<ffffffff8109213f>] ? wake_up_bit+0x2f/0x40 [<ffffffffa037253f>] ? gfs2_holder_wake+0x1f/0x30 [gfs2] [<ffffffff814ff42e>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13e/0x180 [<ffffffff814ff2cb>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 [<ffffffffa0379f21>] gfs2_log_reserve+0x51/0x190 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa0390da2>] gfs2_trans_begin+0x112/0x1d0 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa0369b05>] ? gfs2_dir_check+0x35/0xe0 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa0377943>] gfs2_createi+0x1a3/0xaa0 [gfs2] [<ffffffff8121aab1>] ? avc_has_perm+0x71/0x90 [<ffffffffa0383d1e>] gfs2_create+0x7e/0x1a0 [gfs2] [<ffffffffa037783f>] ? gfs2_createi+0x9f/0xaa0 [gfs2] [<ffffffff81188cf4>] vfs_create+0xb4/0xe0 [<ffffffffa04217d6>] nfsd_create_v3+0x366/0x4c0 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa0429703>] nfsd3_proc_create+0x123/0x1b0 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa041a43e>] nfsd_dispatch+0xfe/0x240 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa025a5d4>] svc_process_common+0x344/0x640 [sunrpc] [<ffffffff810602a0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x20 [<ffffffffa025ac10>] svc_process+0x110/0x160 [sunrpc] [<ffffffffa041ab62>] nfsd+0xc2/0x160 [nfsd] [<ffffffffa041aaa0>] ? nfsd+0x0/0x160 [nfsd] [<ffffffff81091de6>] kthread+0x96/0xa0 [<ffffffff8100c14a>] child_rip+0xa/0x20 [<ffffffff81091d50>] ? kthread+0x0/0xa0 [<ffffffff8100c140>] ? child_rip+0x0/0x20

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  • Wireless Connected But No Internet Connection (Ubuntu 12.04)

    - by Zxy
    I am using same network for 2 days and everything was normal. However, today even though it shows me as connected to the network, I do not have internet connection. If I use ethernet cable instead of wireless, I am still able to connect to the internet. Also my friends are able to connect to the wireless network and they can get internet connection. I did not update or install anything since yesterday. Therefore I do not have any idea why it is happening. Here is some information about my connection: I will be appreciate to any kind of help. root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 127.0.0.1 PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.023 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms ^C --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.023/0.035/0.042/0.008 ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18143ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 8.8.8.8 PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- 11 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 10079ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# cat /etc/lsb-release; uname -a DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS" Linux ghostrider 3.2.0-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 18:54:21 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1063] (rev c0) Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:3956] Kernel driver in use: atl1c -- 04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4727] (rev 01) Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation Device [14e4:0510] Kernel driver in use: wl root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 007: ID 0489:e00d Foxconn / Hon Hai Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1c7a:0801 LighTuning Technology Inc. Fingerprint Reader Bus 001 Device 005: ID 064e:f219 Suyin Corp. Bus 002 Device 010: ID 0424:2412 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver Bus 002 Device 011: ID 0403:6010 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT2232C Dual USB-UART/FIFO IC root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"PoliTekno" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4 Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=5/5 Signal level=-52 dBm Noise level=-97 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions. root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# rfkill list all 0: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 2: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 5: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsmod Module Size Used by nls_iso8859_1 12617 0 nls_cp437 12751 0 vfat 17308 0 fat 55605 1 vfat usb_storage 39646 0 uas 17828 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 174055 1 rfcomm 38139 12 parport_pc 32114 0 ppdev 12849 0 bnep 17830 2 joydev 17393 0 ftdi_sio 35859 1 usbserial 37173 3 ftdi_sio snd_hda_intel 32765 3 snd_hda_codec 109562 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec acer_wmi 23612 0 hid_logitech_dj 18177 0 snd_pcm 80845 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec uvcvideo 67203 0 btusb 17912 2 snd_seq_midi 13132 0 videodev 86588 1 uvcvideo bluetooth 158438 23 rfcomm,bnep,btusb psmouse 72919 0 usbhid 41906 1 hid_logitech_dj snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi intel_ips 17753 0 serio_raw 13027 0 root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 127.0.0.1 PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.023 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms ^C --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.023/0.035/0.042/0.008 ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18143ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 8.8.8.8 PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- 11 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 10079ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# cat /etc/lsb-release; uname -a DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS" Linux ghostrider 3.2.0-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 18:54:21 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1063] (rev c0) Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:3956] Kernel driver in use: atl1c -- 04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4727] (rev 01) Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation Device [14e4:0510] Kernel driver in use: wl root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 007: ID 0489:e00d Foxconn / Hon Hai Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1c7a:0801 LighTuning Technology Inc. Fingerprint Reader Bus 001 Device 005: ID 064e:f219 Suyin Corp. Bus 002 Device 010: ID 0424:2412 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver Bus 002 Device 011: ID 0403:6010 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT2232C Dual USB-UART/FIFO IC root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"PoliTekno" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4 Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=5/5 Signal level=-52 dBm Noise level=-97 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions. root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# rfkill list all 0: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 2: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 5: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsmod Module Size Used by nls_iso8859_1 12617 0 nls_cp437 12751 0 vfat 17308 0 fat 55605 1 vfat usb_storage 39646 0 uas 17828 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 174055 1 rfcomm 38139 12 parport_pc 32114 0 ppdev 12849 0 bnep 17830 2 joydev 17393 0 ftdi_sio 35859 1 usbserial 37173 3 ftdi_sio snd_hda_intel 32765 3 snd_hda_codec 109562 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec acer_wmi 23612 0 hid_logitech_dj 18177 0 snd_pcm 80845 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec uvcvideo 67203 0 btusb 17912 2 snd_seq_midi 13132 0 videodev 86588 1 uvcvideo bluetooth 158438 23 rfcomm,bnep,btusb psmouse 72919 0 usbhid 41906 1 hid_logitech_dj snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi intel_ips 17753 0 serio_raw 13027 0 hid 77367 2 hid_logitech_dj,usbhid ideapad_laptop 17890 0 sparse_keymap 13658 2 acer_wmi,ideapad_laptop lib80211_crypt_tkip 17275 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 51567 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event wl 2646601 0 wmi 18744 1 acer_wmi i915 414672 3 drm_kms_helper 45466 1 i915 snd_timer 28931 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq mac_hid 13077 0 snd_seq_device 14172 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq lib80211 14040 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl drm 197692 4 i915,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 13199 1 i915 snd 62064 15 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_se q,snd_timer,snd_seq_device video 19068 1 i915 mei 36570 0 soundcore 14635 1 snd snd_page_alloc 14108 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm lp 17455 0 parport 40930 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp atl1c 36718 0 root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# nm-tool NetworkManager Tool State: connected (global) - Device: eth1 [PoliTekno] ---------------------------------------------------- Type: 802.11 WiFi Driver: wl State: connected Default: yes HW Address: AC:81:12:7F:6B:B2 Capabilities: Speed: 54 Mb/s Wireless Properties WEP Encryption: yes WPA Encryption: yes WPA2 Encryption: yes Wireless Access Points (* = current AP) CnDStudios: Infra, 00:12:BF:3F:0A:8A, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 85 WPA AIR_TIES: Infra, 00:1C:A8:6E:84:32, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 72 WPA2 VKSS: Infra, 00:E0:4D:01:0D:47, Freq 2452 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 62 WPA2 PROGEDA: Infra, 00:1A:2A:60:BF:61, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 47 WPA MobilAtolye: Infra, 72:2B:C1:65:75:3C, Freq 2422 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 35 WPA WPA2 AIRTIES_WAR-141: Infra, 00:1C:A8:AB:AA:48, Freq 2422 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 35 WPA WPA2 tilda_biri_yeni: Infra, 54:E6:FC:B0:3C:E9, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 0 Mb/s, Strength 34 WEP *PoliTekno: Infra, 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 100 WPA2 AIRTIES_RJY: Infra, 00:1A:2A:BD:85:16, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 55 WEP IPv4 Settings: Address: 0.0.0.0 Prefix: 24 (255.255.255.0) Gateway: 192.168.1.1 DNS: 192.168.1.1 - Device: eth0 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: atl1c State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: F0:DE:F1:6C:90:65 Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Speed: 100 Mb/s Wired Properties Carrier: off root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# sudo iwlist scan lo Interface doesn't support scanning. eth1 Scan completed : Cell 01 - Address: 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4 ESSID:"PoliTekno" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:5/5 Signal level:-48 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 02 - Address: 00:E0:4D:01:0D:47 ESSID:"VKSS" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.452 GHz (Channel 9) Quality:4/5 Signal level:-64 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 03 - Address: 00:1C:A8:AB:AA:48 ESSID:"AIRTIES_WAR-141" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-77 dBm Noise level:-95 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DDB20050F204104A0001101049001E007FC5100018DE7CF0D8B70223A62711C18926AC290E30303030303139631044000102103B0001031047001076B31BC241E953CB99C3872554425A28102100194169725469657320576972656C657373204E6574776F726B73102300074169723534343010240008312E322E302E31321042000F4154303939313131383030323832351054000800060050F20400011011000741697235343430100800020084103C000103 IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 04 - Address: 72:2B:C1:65:75:3C ESSID:"MobilAtolye" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-78 dBm Noise level:-92 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DDA20050F204104A0001101044000102103B00010310470010BC329E001DD811B28601722BC165753C1021001D48756177656920546563686E6F6C6F6769657320436F2E2C204C74642E1023001C48756177656920576972656C6573732041636365737320506F696E74102400065254323836301042000831323334353637381054000800060050F204000110110009487561776569415053100800020084103C000100 IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 18 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 05 - Address: 00:12:BF:3F:0A:8A ESSID:"CnDStudios" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1) Quality:5/5 Signal level:-47 dBm Noise level:-95 dBm IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 22 Mb/s 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 06 - Address: 00:1C:A8:6E:84:32 ESSID:"AIR_TIES" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:5/5 Signal level:-56 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 22 Mb/s 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 07 - Address: 54:E6:FC:B0:3C:E9 ESSID:"tilda_biri_yeni" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6) Quality:1/5 Signal level:-85 dBm Noise level:-99 dBm Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 08 - Address: 18:28:61:16:57:C3 ESSID:"obilet" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6) Quality:1/5 Signal level:-88 dBm Noise level:-99 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 09 - Address: 00:1A:2A:60:BF:61 ESSID:"PROGEDA" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-75 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 22 Mb/s 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning.

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  • What does DetourAttach(&(PVOID &)BindKeyT, BindKeyD); mean? Attaching a detour to a memory address..

    - by user288546
    Hello everyone! This is just a simple question. I've been reading the source of something which attaches to a memory address of a subroutine using DetourAttach(&(PVOID &)BindKeyT, BindKeyD); where BindKeyT is the address to a subroutine in memory. I'm curious, what exactly does (&(PVOID &) mean in english? I understand that PVOID is a void pointer, but how does this get translated into a function which can be used to attach a detour to?

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  • Blackberry Player, custom data source

    - by Alex
    Hello I must create a custom media player within the application with support for mp3 and wav files. I read in the documentation i cant seek or get the media file duration without a custom datasoruce. I checked the demo in the JDE 4.6 but i have still problems... I cant get the duration, it return much more then the expected so i`m sure i screwed up something while i modified the code to read the mp3 file locally from the filesystem. Somebody can help me what i did wrong ? (I can hear the mp3, so the player plays it correctly from start to end) I must support OSs = 4.6. Thank You Here is my modified datasource LimitedRateStreaminSource.java * Copyright © 1998-2009 Research In Motion Ltd. Note: For the sake of simplicity, this sample application may not leverage resource bundles and resource strings. However, it is STRONGLY recommended that application developers make use of the localization features available within the BlackBerry development platform to ensure a seamless application experience across a variety of languages and geographies. For more information on localizing your application, please refer to the BlackBerry Java Development Environment Development Guide associated with this release. */ package com.halcyon.tawkwidget.model; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import javax.microedition.io.Connector; import javax.microedition.io.file.FileConnection; import javax.microedition.media.Control; import javax.microedition.media.protocol.ContentDescriptor; import javax.microedition.media.protocol.DataSource; import javax.microedition.media.protocol.SourceStream; import net.rim.device.api.io.SharedInputStream; /** * The data source used by the BufferedPlayback's media player. / public final class LimitedRateStreamingSource extends DataSource { /* The max size to be read from the stream at one time. */ private static final int READ_CHUNK = 512; // bytes /** A reference to the field which displays the load status. */ //private TextField _loadStatusField; /** A reference to the field which displays the player status. */ //private TextField _playStatusField; /** * The minimum number of bytes that must be buffered before the media file * will begin playing. */ private int _startBuffer = 200000; /** The maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ private int _readLimit = 32000; /** * The minimum forward byte buffer which must be maintained in order for * the video to keep playing. If the forward buffer falls below this * number, the playback will pause until the buffer increases. */ private int _pauseBytes = 64000; /** * The minimum forward byte buffer required to resume * playback after a pause. */ private int _resumeBytes = 128000; /** The stream connection over which media content is passed. */ //private ContentConnection _contentConnection; private FileConnection _fileConnection; /** An input stream shared between several readers. */ private SharedInputStream _readAhead; /** A stream to the buffered resource. */ private LimitedRateSourceStream _feedToPlayer; /** The MIME type of the remote media file. */ private String _forcedContentType; /** A counter for the total number of buffered bytes */ private volatile int _totalRead; /** A flag used to tell the connection thread to stop */ private volatile boolean _stop; /** * A flag used to indicate that the initial buffering is complete. In * other words, that the current buffer is larger than the defined start * buffer size. */ private volatile boolean _bufferingComplete; /** A flag used to indicate that the remote file download is complete. */ private volatile boolean _downloadComplete; /** The thread which retrieves the remote media file. */ private ConnectionThread _loaderThread; /** The local save file into which the remote file is written. */ private FileConnection _saveFile; /** A stream for the local save file. */ private OutputStream _saveStream; /** * Constructor. * @param locator The locator that describes the DataSource. */ public LimitedRateStreamingSource(String locator) { super(locator); } /** * Open a connection to the locator. * @throws IOException */ public void connect() throws IOException { //Open the connection to the remote file. _fileConnection = (FileConnection)Connector.open(getLocator(), Connector.READ); //Cache a reference to the locator. String locator = getLocator(); //Report status. System.out.println("Loading: " + locator); //System.out.println("Size: " + _contentConnection.getLength()); System.out.println("Size: " + _fileConnection.totalSize()); //The name of the remote file begins after the last forward slash. int filenameStart = locator.lastIndexOf('/'); //The file name ends at the first instance of a semicolon. int paramStart = locator.indexOf(';'); //If there is no semicolon, the file name ends at the end of the line. if (paramStart < 0) { paramStart = locator.length(); } //Extract the file name. String filename = locator.substring(filenameStart, paramStart); System.out.println("Filename: " + filename); //Open a local save file with the same name as the remote file. _saveFile = (FileConnection) Connector.open("file:///SDCard/blackberry/music" + filename, Connector.READ_WRITE); //If the file doesn't already exist, create it. if (!_saveFile.exists()) { _saveFile.create(); } System.out.println("---------- 1"); //Open the file for writing. _saveFile.setReadable(true); //Open a shared input stream to the local save file to //allow many simultaneous readers. SharedInputStream fileStream = SharedInputStream.getSharedInputStream(_saveFile.openInputStream()); //Begin reading at the beginning of the file. fileStream.setCurrentPosition(0); System.out.println("---------- 2"); //If the local file is smaller than the remote file... if (_saveFile.fileSize() < _fileConnection.totalSize()) { System.out.println("---------- 3"); //Did not get the entire file, set the system to try again. _saveFile.setWritable(true); System.out.println("---------- 4"); //A non-null save stream is used as a flag later to indicate that //the file download was incomplete. _saveStream = _saveFile.openOutputStream(); System.out.println("---------- 5"); //Use a new shared input stream for buffered reading. _readAhead = SharedInputStream.getSharedInputStream(_fileConnection.openInputStream()); System.out.println("---------- 6"); } else { //The download is complete. System.out.println("---------- 7"); _downloadComplete = true; //We can use the initial input stream to read the buffered media. _readAhead = fileStream; System.out.println("---------- 8"); //We can close the remote connection. _fileConnection.close(); System.out.println("---------- 9"); } if (_forcedContentType != null) { //Use the user-defined content type if it is set. System.out.println("---------- 10"); _feedToPlayer = new LimitedRateSourceStream(_readAhead, _forcedContentType); System.out.println("---------- 11"); } else { System.out.println("---------- 12"); //Otherwise, use the MIME types of the remote file. // _feedToPlayer = new LimitedRateSourceStream(_readAhead, _fileConnection)); } System.out.println("---------- 13"); } /** * Destroy and close all existing connections. */ public void disconnect() { try { if (_saveStream != null) { //Destroy the stream to the local save file. _saveStream.close(); _saveStream = null; } //Close the local save file. _saveFile.close(); if (_readAhead != null) { //Close the reader stream. _readAhead.close(); _readAhead = null; } //Close the remote file connection. _fileConnection.close(); //Close the stream to the player. _feedToPlayer.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } /** * Returns the content type of the remote file. * @return The content type of the remote file. */ public String getContentType() { return _feedToPlayer.getContentDescriptor().getContentType(); } /** * Returns a stream to the buffered resource. * @return A stream to the buffered resource. */ public SourceStream[] getStreams() { return new SourceStream[] { _feedToPlayer }; } /** * Starts the connection thread used to download the remote file. */ public void start() throws IOException { //If the save stream is null, we have already completely downloaded //the file. if (_saveStream != null) { //Open the connection thread to finish downloading the file. _loaderThread = new ConnectionThread(); _loaderThread.start(); } } /** * Stop the connection thread. */ public void stop() throws IOException { //Set the boolean flag to stop the thread. _stop = true; } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControl(String) */ public Control getControl(String controlType) { // No implemented Controls. return null; } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControls() */ public Control[] getControls() { // No implemented Controls. return null; } /** * Force the lower level stream to a given content type. Must be called * before the connect function in order to work. * @param contentType The content type to use. */ public void setContentType(String contentType) { _forcedContentType = contentType; } /** * A stream to the buffered media resource. */ private final class LimitedRateSourceStream implements SourceStream { /** A stream to the local copy of the remote resource. */ private SharedInputStream _baseSharedStream; /** Describes the content type of the media file. */ private ContentDescriptor _contentDescriptor; /** * Constructor. Creates a LimitedRateSourceStream from * the given InputStream. * @param inputStream The input stream used to create a new reader. * @param contentType The content type of the remote file. */ LimitedRateSourceStream(InputStream inputStream, String contentType) { System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 1"); _baseSharedStream = SharedInputStream.getSharedInputStream(inputStream); System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 2"); _contentDescriptor = new ContentDescriptor(contentType); System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 3"); } /** * Returns the content descriptor for this stream. * @return The content descriptor for this stream. */ public ContentDescriptor getContentDescriptor() { return _contentDescriptor; } /** * Returns the length provided by the connection. * @return long The length provided by the connection. */ public long getContentLength() { return _fileConnection.totalSize(); } /** * Returns the seek type of the stream. */ public int getSeekType() { return RANDOM_ACCESSIBLE; //return SEEKABLE_TO_START; } /** * Returns the maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ public int getTransferSize() { return _readLimit; } /** * Writes bytes from the buffer into a byte array for playback. * @param bytes The buffer into which the data is read. * @param off The start offset in array b at which the data is written. * @param len The maximum number of bytes to read. * @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or -1 if * there is no more data because the end of the stream has been reached. * @throws IOException */ public int read(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException { System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 5"); System.out.println("Read Request for: " + len + " bytes"); //Limit bytes read to our readLimit. int readLength = len; System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 6"); if (readLength > getReadLimit()) { readLength = getReadLimit(); } //The number of available byes in the buffer. int available; //A boolean flag indicating that the thread should pause //until the buffer has increased sufficiently. boolean paused = false; System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 7"); for (;;) { available = _baseSharedStream.available(); System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 8"); if (_downloadComplete) { //Ignore all restrictions if downloading is complete. System.out.println("Complete, Reading: " + len + " - Available: " + available); return _baseSharedStream.read(bytes, off, len); } else if(_bufferingComplete) { if (paused && available > getResumeBytes()) { //If the video is paused due to buffering, but the //number of available byes is sufficiently high, //resume playback of the media. System.out.println("Resuming - Available: " + available); paused = false; return _baseSharedStream.read(bytes, off, readLength); } else if(!paused && (available > getPauseBytes() || available > readLength)) { //We have enough information for this media playback. if (available < getPauseBytes()) { //If the buffer is now insufficient, set the //pause flag. paused = true; } System.out.println("Reading: " + readLength + " - Available: " + available); return _baseSharedStream.read(bytes, off, readLength); } else if(!paused) { //Set pause until loaded enough to resume. paused = true; } } else { //We are not ready to start yet, try sleeping to allow the //buffer to increase. try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } } } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.protocol.SourceStream#seek(long) */ public long seek(long where) throws IOException { _baseSharedStream.setCurrentPosition((int) where); return _baseSharedStream.getCurrentPosition(); } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.protocol.SourceStream#tell() */ public long tell() { return _baseSharedStream.getCurrentPosition(); } /** * Close the stream. * @throws IOException */ void close() throws IOException { _baseSharedStream.close(); } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControl(String) */ public Control getControl(String controlType) { // No implemented controls. return null; } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControls() */ public Control[] getControls() { // No implemented controls. return null; } } /** * A thread which downloads the remote file and writes it to the local file. */ private final class ConnectionThread extends Thread { /** * Download the remote media file, then write it to the local * file. * @see java.lang.Thread#run() */ public void run() { try { byte[] data = new byte[READ_CHUNK]; int len = 0; //Until we reach the end of the file. while (-1 != (len = _readAhead.read(data))) { _totalRead += len; if (!_bufferingComplete && _totalRead > getStartBuffer()) { //We have enough of a buffer to begin playback. _bufferingComplete = true; System.out.println("Initial Buffering Complete"); } if (_stop) { //Stop reading. return; } } System.out.println("Downloading Complete"); System.out.println("Total Read: " + _totalRead); //If the downloaded data is not the same size //as the remote file, something is wrong. if (_totalRead != _fileConnection.totalSize()) { System.err.println("* Unable to Download entire file *"); } _downloadComplete = true; _readAhead.setCurrentPosition(0); //Write downloaded data to the local file. while (-1 != (len = _readAhead.read(data))) { _saveStream.write(data); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.toString()); } } } /** * Gets the minimum forward byte buffer which must be maintained in * order for the video to keep playing. * @return The pause byte buffer. */ int getPauseBytes() { return _pauseBytes; } /** * Sets the minimum forward buffer which must be maintained in order * for the video to keep playing. * @param pauseBytes The new pause byte buffer. */ void setPauseBytes(int pauseBytes) { _pauseBytes = pauseBytes; } /** * Gets the maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. * @return The maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ int getReadLimit() { return _readLimit; } /** * Sets the maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. * @param readLimit The new maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ void setReadLimit(int readLimit) { _readLimit = readLimit; } /** * Gets the minimum forward byte buffer required to resume * playback after a pause. * @return The resume byte buffer. */ int getResumeBytes() { return _resumeBytes; } /** * Sets the minimum forward byte buffer required to resume * playback after a pause. * @param resumeBytes The new resume byte buffer. */ void setResumeBytes(int resumeBytes) { _resumeBytes = resumeBytes; } /** * Gets the minimum number of bytes that must be buffered before the * media file will begin playing. * @return The start byte buffer. */ int getStartBuffer() { return _startBuffer; } /** * Sets the minimum number of bytes that must be buffered before the * media file will begin playing. * @param startBuffer The new start byte buffer. */ void setStartBuffer(int startBuffer) { _startBuffer = startBuffer; } } And in this way i use it: LimitedRateStreamingSource source = new LimitedRateStreamingSource("file:///SDCard/music3.mp3"); source.setContentType("audio/mpeg"); mediaPlayer = javax.microedition.media.Manager.createPlayer(source); mediaPlayer.addPlayerListener(this); mediaPlayer.realize(); mediaPlayer.prefetch(); After start i use mediaPlayer.getDuration it returns lets say around 24:22 (the inbuild media player in the blackberry say the file length is 4:05) I tried to get the duration in the listener and there unfortunatly returned around 64 minutes, so im sure something is not good inside the datasoruce....

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  • WCF Bidirectional serialization fails

    - by Gena Verdel
    I'm trying to take advantage of Bidirectional serialization of some relational Linq-2-Sql generated entity classes. When using Unidirectional option everything works just fine, bu the moment I add IsReferenceType=true, objects fail to get transported over the tcp binding. Sample code: Entity class: [Table(Name="dbo.Blocks")] [DataContract()] public partial class Block : INotifyPropertyChanging, INotifyPropertyChanged { private static PropertyChangingEventArgs emptyChangingEventArgs = new PropertyChangingEventArgs(String.Empty); private long _ID; private int _StatusID; private string _Name; private bool _IsWithControlPoints; private long _DivisionID; private string _SHAPE; private EntitySet<BlockByWorkstation> _BlockByWorkstations; private EntitySet<PlanningPointAppropriation> _PlanningPointAppropriations; private EntitySet<Neighbor> _Neighbors; private EntitySet<Neighbor> _Neighbors1; private EntitySet<Task> _Tasks; private EntitySet<PlanningPointByBlock> _PlanningPointByBlocks; private EntitySet<ControlPointByBlock> _ControlPointByBlocks; private EntityRef<Division> _Division; private bool serializing; #region Extensibility Method Definitions partial void OnLoaded(); partial void OnValidate(System.Data.Linq.ChangeAction action); partial void OnCreated(); partial void OnIDChanging(long value); partial void OnIDChanged(); partial void OnStatusIDChanging(int value); partial void OnStatusIDChanged(); partial void OnNameChanging(string value); partial void OnNameChanged(); partial void OnIsWithControlPointsChanging(bool value); partial void OnIsWithControlPointsChanged(); partial void OnDivisionIDChanging(long value); partial void OnDivisionIDChanged(); partial void OnSHAPEChanging(string value); partial void OnSHAPEChanged(); #endregion public Block() { this.Initialize(); } [Column(Storage="_ID", AutoSync=AutoSync.OnInsert, DbType="BigInt NOT NULL IDENTITY", IsPrimaryKey=true, IsDbGenerated=true)] [DataMember(Order=1)] public override long ID { get { return this._ID; } set { if ((this._ID != value)) { this.OnIDChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._ID = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("ID"); this.OnIDChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_StatusID", DbType="Int NOT NULL")] [DataMember(Order=2)] public int StatusID { get { return this._StatusID; } set { if ((this._StatusID != value)) { this.OnStatusIDChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._StatusID = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("StatusID"); this.OnStatusIDChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_Name", DbType="NVarChar(255)")] [DataMember(Order=3)] public string Name { get { return this._Name; } set { if ((this._Name != value)) { this.OnNameChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._Name = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("Name"); this.OnNameChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_IsWithControlPoints", DbType="Bit NOT NULL")] [DataMember(Order=4)] public bool IsWithControlPoints { get { return this._IsWithControlPoints; } set { if ((this._IsWithControlPoints != value)) { this.OnIsWithControlPointsChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._IsWithControlPoints = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("IsWithControlPoints"); this.OnIsWithControlPointsChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_DivisionID", DbType="BigInt NOT NULL")] [DataMember(Order=5)] public long DivisionID { get { return this._DivisionID; } set { if ((this._DivisionID != value)) { if (this._Division.HasLoadedOrAssignedValue) { throw new System.Data.Linq.ForeignKeyReferenceAlreadyHasValueException(); } this.OnDivisionIDChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._DivisionID = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("DivisionID"); this.OnDivisionIDChanged(); } } } [Column(Storage="_SHAPE", DbType="Text", UpdateCheck=UpdateCheck.Never)] [DataMember(Order=6)] public string SHAPE { get { return this._SHAPE; } set { if ((this._SHAPE != value)) { this.OnSHAPEChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._SHAPE = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("SHAPE"); this.OnSHAPEChanged(); } } } [Association(Name="Block_BlockByWorkstation", Storage="_BlockByWorkstations", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="BlockID")] [DataMember(Order=7, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<BlockByWorkstation> BlockByWorkstations { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._BlockByWorkstations.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._BlockByWorkstations; } set { this._BlockByWorkstations.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_PlanningPointAppropriation", Storage="_PlanningPointAppropriations", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="MasterBlockID")] [DataMember(Order=8, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<PlanningPointAppropriation> PlanningPointAppropriations { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._PlanningPointAppropriations.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._PlanningPointAppropriations; } set { this._PlanningPointAppropriations.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_Neighbor", Storage="_Neighbors", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="FirstBlockID")] [DataMember(Order=9, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<Neighbor> Neighbors { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._Neighbors.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._Neighbors; } set { this._Neighbors.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_Neighbor1", Storage="_Neighbors1", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="SecondBlockID")] [DataMember(Order=10, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<Neighbor> Neighbors1 { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._Neighbors1.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._Neighbors1; } set { this._Neighbors1.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_Task", Storage="_Tasks", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="BlockID")] [DataMember(Order=11, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<Task> Tasks { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._Tasks.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._Tasks; } set { this._Tasks.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_PlanningPointByBlock", Storage="_PlanningPointByBlocks", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="BlockID")] [DataMember(Order=12, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<PlanningPointByBlock> PlanningPointByBlocks { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._PlanningPointByBlocks.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._PlanningPointByBlocks; } set { this._PlanningPointByBlocks.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Block_ControlPointByBlock", Storage="_ControlPointByBlocks", ThisKey="ID", OtherKey="BlockID")] [DataMember(Order=13, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public EntitySet<ControlPointByBlock> ControlPointByBlocks { get { if ((this.serializing && (this._ControlPointByBlocks.HasLoadedOrAssignedValues == false))) { return null; } return this._ControlPointByBlocks; } set { this._ControlPointByBlocks.Assign(value); } } [Association(Name="Division_Block", Storage="_Division", ThisKey="DivisionID", OtherKey="ID", IsForeignKey=true, DeleteOnNull=true, DeleteRule="CASCADE")] public Division Division { get { return this._Division.Entity; } set { Division previousValue = this._Division.Entity; if (((previousValue != value) || (this._Division.HasLoadedOrAssignedValue == false))) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); if ((previousValue != null)) { this._Division.Entity = null; previousValue.Blocks.Remove(this); } this._Division.Entity = value; if ((value != null)) { value.Blocks.Add(this); this._DivisionID = value.ID; } else { this._DivisionID = default(long); } this.SendPropertyChanged("Division"); } } } public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging; public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; protected virtual void SendPropertyChanging() { if ((this.PropertyChanging != null)) { this.PropertyChanging(this, emptyChangingEventArgs); } } protected virtual void SendPropertyChanged(String propertyName) { if ((this.PropertyChanged != null)) { this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } } private void attach_BlockByWorkstations(BlockByWorkstation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_BlockByWorkstations(BlockByWorkstation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void attach_PlanningPointAppropriations(PlanningPointAppropriation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_PlanningPointAppropriations(PlanningPointAppropriation entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void attach_Neighbors(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.FirstBlock = this; } private void detach_Neighbors(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.FirstBlock = null; } private void attach_Neighbors1(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.SecondBlock = this; } private void detach_Neighbors1(Neighbor entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.SecondBlock = null; } private void attach_Tasks(Task entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_Tasks(Task entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void attach_PlanningPointByBlocks(PlanningPointByBlock entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_PlanningPointByBlocks(PlanningPointByBlock entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void attach_ControlPointByBlocks(ControlPointByBlock entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = this; } private void detach_ControlPointByBlocks(ControlPointByBlock entity) { this.SendPropertyChanging(); entity.Block = null; } private void Initialize() { this._BlockByWorkstations = new EntitySet<BlockByWorkstation>(new Action<BlockByWorkstation>(this.attach_BlockByWorkstations), new Action<BlockByWorkstation>(this.detach_BlockByWorkstations)); this._PlanningPointAppropriations = new EntitySet<PlanningPointAppropriation>(new Action<PlanningPointAppropriation>(this.attach_PlanningPointAppropriations), new Action<PlanningPointAppropriation>(this.detach_PlanningPointAppropriations)); this._Neighbors = new EntitySet<Neighbor>(new Action<Neighbor>(this.attach_Neighbors), new Action<Neighbor>(this.detach_Neighbors)); this._Neighbors1 = new EntitySet<Neighbor>(new Action<Neighbor>(this.attach_Neighbors1), new Action<Neighbor>(this.detach_Neighbors1)); this._Tasks = new EntitySet<Task>(new Action<Task>(this.attach_Tasks), new Action<Task>(this.detach_Tasks)); this._PlanningPointByBlocks = new EntitySet<PlanningPointByBlock>(new Action<PlanningPointByBlock>(this.attach_PlanningPointByBlocks), new Action<PlanningPointByBlock>(this.detach_PlanningPointByBlocks)); this._ControlPointByBlocks = new EntitySet<ControlPointByBlock>(new Action<ControlPointByBlock>(this.attach_ControlPointByBlocks), new Action<ControlPointByBlock>(this.detach_ControlPointByBlocks)); this._Division = default(EntityRef<Division>); OnCreated(); } [OnDeserializing()] [System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] public void OnDeserializing(StreamingContext context) { this.Initialize(); } [OnSerializing()] [System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] public void OnSerializing(StreamingContext context) { this.serializing = true; } [OnSerialized()] [System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] public void OnSerialized(StreamingContext context) { this.serializing = false; } } App.config: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" /> </system.web> <!-- When deploying the service library project, the content of the config file must be added to the host's app.config file. System.Configuration does not support config files for libraries. --> <system.serviceModel> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="debugging" name="DBServicesLibrary.DBService"> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="DBServicesLibrary.DBServiceBehavior"> <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment --> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True"/> <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information --> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False" /> </behavior> <behavior name="debugging"> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> </configuration> Host part: ServiceHost svh = new ServiceHost(typeof(DBService)); svh.AddServiceEndpoint( typeof(DBServices.Contract.IDBService), new NetTcpBinding(), "net.tcp://localhost:8000"); Client part: ChannelFactory<DBServices.Contract.IDBService> scf; scf = new ChannelFactory<DBServices.Contract.IDBService>(new NetTcpBinding(),"net.tcp://localhost:8000"); _serv = scf.CreateChannel(); ((IContextChannel)_serv).OperationTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0);

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  • How can I get penetration depth from Minkowski Portal Refinement / Xenocollide?

    - by Raven Dreamer
    I recently got an implementation of Minkowski Portal Refinement (MPR) successfully detecting collision. Even better, my implementation returns a good estimate (local minimum) direction for the minimum penetration depth. So I took a stab at adjusting the algorithm to return the penetration depth in an arbitrary direction, and was modestly successful - my altered method works splendidly for face-edge collision resolution! What it doesn't currently do, is correctly provide the minimum penetration depth for edge-edge scenarios, such as the case on the right: What I perceive to be happening, is that my current method returns the minimum penetration depth to the nearest vertex - which works fine when the collision is actually occurring on the plane of that vertex, but not when the collision happens along an edge. Is there a way I can alter my method to return the penetration depth to the point of collision, rather than the nearest vertex? Here's the method that's supposed to return the minimum penetration distance along a specific direction: public static Vector3 CalcMinDistance(List<Vector3> shape1, List<Vector3> shape2, Vector3 dir) { //holding variables Vector3 n = Vector3.zero; Vector3 swap = Vector3.zero; // v0 = center of Minkowski sum v0 = Vector3.zero; // Avoid case where centers overlap -- any direction is fine in this case //if (v0 == Vector3.zero) return Vector3.zero; //always pass in a valid direction. // v1 = support in direction of origin n = -dir; //get the differnce of the minkowski sum Vector3 v11 = GetSupport(shape1, -n); Vector3 v12 = GetSupport(shape2, n); v1 = v12 - v11; //if the support point is not in the direction of the origin if (v1.Dot(n) <= 0) { //Debug.Log("Could find no points this direction"); return Vector3.zero; } // v2 - support perpendicular to v1,v0 n = v1.Cross(v0); if (n == Vector3.zero) { //v1 and v0 are parallel, which means //the direction leads directly to an endpoint n = v1 - v0; //shortest distance is just n //Debug.Log("2 point return"); return n; } //get the new support point Vector3 v21 = GetSupport(shape1, -n); Vector3 v22 = GetSupport(shape2, n); v2 = v22 - v21; if (v2.Dot(n) <= 0) { //can't reach the origin in this direction, ergo, no collision //Debug.Log("Could not reach edge?"); return Vector2.zero; } // Determine whether origin is on + or - side of plane (v1,v0,v2) //tests linesegments v0v1 and v0v2 n = (v1 - v0).Cross(v2 - v0); float dist = n.Dot(v0); // If the origin is on the - side of the plane, reverse the direction of the plane if (dist > 0) { //swap the winding order of v1 and v2 swap = v1; v1 = v2; v2 = swap; //swap the winding order of v11 and v12 swap = v12; v12 = v11; v11 = swap; //swap the winding order of v11 and v12 swap = v22; v22 = v21; v21 = swap; //and swap the plane normal n = -n; } /// // Phase One: Identify a portal while (true) { // Obtain the support point in a direction perpendicular to the existing plane // Note: This point is guaranteed to lie off the plane Vector3 v31 = GetSupport(shape1, -n); Vector3 v32 = GetSupport(shape2, n); v3 = v32 - v31; if (v3.Dot(n) <= 0) { //can't enclose the origin within our tetrahedron //Debug.Log("Could not reach edge after portal?"); return Vector3.zero; } // If origin is outside (v1,v0,v3), then eliminate v2 and loop if (v1.Cross(v3).Dot(v0) < 0) { //failed to enclose the origin, adjust points; v2 = v3; v21 = v31; v22 = v32; n = (v1 - v0).Cross(v3 - v0); continue; } // If origin is outside (v3,v0,v2), then eliminate v1 and loop if (v3.Cross(v2).Dot(v0) < 0) { //failed to enclose the origin, adjust points; v1 = v3; v11 = v31; v12 = v32; n = (v3 - v0).Cross(v2 - v0); continue; } bool hit = false; /// // Phase Two: Refine the portal int phase2 = 0; // We are now inside of a wedge... while (phase2 < 20) { phase2++; // Compute normal of the wedge face n = (v2 - v1).Cross(v3 - v1); n.Normalize(); // Compute distance from origin to wedge face float d = n.Dot(v1); // If the origin is inside the wedge, we have a hit if (d > 0 ) { //Debug.Log("Do plane test here"); float T = n.Dot(v2) / n.Dot(dir); Vector3 pointInPlane = (dir * T); return pointInPlane; } // Find the support point in the direction of the wedge face Vector3 v41 = GetSupport(shape1, -n); Vector3 v42 = GetSupport(shape2, n); v4 = v42 - v41; float delta = (v4 - v3).Dot(n); float separation = -(v4.Dot(n)); if (delta <= kCollideEpsilon || separation >= 0) { //Debug.Log("Non-convergance detected"); //Debug.Log("Do plane test here"); return Vector3.zero; } // Compute the tetrahedron dividing face (v4,v0,v1) float d1 = v4.Cross(v1).Dot(v0); // Compute the tetrahedron dividing face (v4,v0,v2) float d2 = v4.Cross(v2).Dot(v0); // Compute the tetrahedron dividing face (v4,v0,v3) float d3 = v4.Cross(v3).Dot(v0); if (d1 < 0) { if (d2 < 0) { // Inside d1 & inside d2 ==> eliminate v1 v1 = v4; v11 = v41; v12 = v42; } else { // Inside d1 & outside d2 ==> eliminate v3 v3 = v4; v31 = v41; v32 = v42; } } else { if (d3 < 0) { // Outside d1 & inside d3 ==> eliminate v2 v2 = v4; v21 = v41; v22 = v42; } else { // Outside d1 & outside d3 ==> eliminate v1 v1 = v4; v11 = v41; v12 = v42; } } } return Vector3.zero; } }

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  • Developing web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3, Razor and EF Code First - Part 1

    - by shiju
    In this post, I will demonstrate web application development using ASP. NET MVC 3, Razor and EF code First. This post will also cover Dependency Injection using Unity 2.0 and generic Repository and Unit of Work for EF Code First. The following frameworks will be used for this step by step tutorial. ASP.NET MVC 3 EF Code First CTP 5 Unity 2.0 Define Domain Model Let’s create domain model for our simple web application Category class public class Category {     public int CategoryId { get; set; }     [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name Required")]     [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Must be less than 25 characters")]     public string Name { get; set;}     public string Description { get; set; }     public virtual ICollection<Expense> Expenses { get; set; } }   Expense class public class Expense {             public int ExpenseId { get; set; }            public string  Transaction { get; set; }     public DateTime Date { get; set; }     public double Amount { get; set; }     public int CategoryId { get; set; }     public virtual Category Category { get; set; } } We have two domain entities - Category and Expense. A single category contains a list of expense transactions and every expense transaction should have a Category. In this post, we will be focusing on CRUD operations for the entity Category and will be working on the Expense entity with a View Model object in the later post. And the source code for this application will be refactored over time. The above entities are very simple POCO (Plain Old CLR Object) classes and the entity Category is decorated with validation attributes in the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace. Now we want to use these entities for defining model objects for the Entity Framework 4. Using the Code First approach of Entity Framework, we can first define the entities by simply writing POCO classes without any coupling with any API or database library. This approach lets you focus on domain model which will enable Domain-Driven Development for applications. EF code first support is currently enabled with a separate API that is runs on top of the Entity Framework 4. EF Code First is reached CTP 5 when I am writing this article. Creating Context Class for Entity Framework We have created our domain model and let’s create a class in order to working with Entity Framework Code First. For this, you have to download EF Code First CTP 5 and add reference to the assembly EntitFramework.dll. You can also use NuGet to download add reference to EEF Code First.    public class MyFinanceContext : DbContext {     public MyFinanceContext() : base("MyFinance") { }     public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; }     public DbSet<Expense> Expenses { get; set; }         }   The above class MyFinanceContext is derived from DbContext that can connect your model classes to a database. The MyFinanceContext class is mapping our Category and Expense class into database tables Categories and Expenses using DbSet<TEntity> where TEntity is any POCO class. When we are running the application at first time, it will automatically create the database. EF code-first look for a connection string in web.config or app.config that has the same name as the dbcontext class. If it is not find any connection string with the convention, it will automatically create database in local SQL Express database by default and the name of the database will be same name as the dbcontext class. You can also define the name of database in constructor of the the dbcontext class. Unlike NHibernate, we don’t have to use any XML based mapping files or Fluent interface for mapping between our model and database. The model classes of Code First are working on the basis of conventions and we can also use a fluent API to refine our model. The convention for primary key is ‘Id’ or ‘<class name>Id’.  If primary key properties are detected with type ‘int’, ‘long’ or ‘short’, they will automatically registered as identity columns in the database by default. Primary key detection is not case sensitive. We can define our model classes with validation attributes in the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace and it automatically enforces validation rules when a model object is updated or saved. Generic Repository for EF Code First We have created model classes and dbcontext class. Now we have to create generic repository pattern for data persistence with EF code first. If you don’t know about the repository pattern, checkout Martin Fowler’s article on Repository Let’s create a generic repository to working with DbContext and DbSet generics. public interface IRepository<T> where T : class     {         void Add(T entity);         void Delete(T entity);         T GetById(long Id);         IEnumerable<T> All();     }   RepositoryBasse – Generic Repository class public abstract class RepositoryBase<T> where T : class { private MyFinanceContext database; private readonly IDbSet<T> dbset; protected RepositoryBase(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory) {     DatabaseFactory = databaseFactory;     dbset = Database.Set<T>(); }   protected IDatabaseFactory DatabaseFactory {     get; private set; }   protected MyFinanceContext Database {     get { return database ?? (database = DatabaseFactory.Get()); } } public virtual void Add(T entity) {     dbset.Add(entity);            }        public virtual void Delete(T entity) {     dbset.Remove(entity); }   public virtual T GetById(long id) {     return dbset.Find(id); }   public virtual IEnumerable<T> All() {     return dbset.ToList(); } }   DatabaseFactory class public class DatabaseFactory : Disposable, IDatabaseFactory {     private MyFinanceContext database;     public MyFinanceContext Get()     {         return database ?? (database = new MyFinanceContext());     }     protected override void DisposeCore()     {         if (database != null)             database.Dispose();     } } Unit of Work If you are new to Unit of Work pattern, checkout Fowler’s article on Unit of Work . According to Martin Fowler, the Unit of Work pattern "maintains a list of objects affected by a business transaction and coordinates the writing out of changes and the resolution of concurrency problems." Let’s create a class for handling Unit of Work   public interface IUnitOfWork {     void Commit(); }   UniOfWork class public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork {     private readonly IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory;     private MyFinanceContext dataContext;       public UnitOfWork(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory)     {         this.databaseFactory = databaseFactory;     }       protected MyFinanceContext DataContext     {         get { return dataContext ?? (dataContext = databaseFactory.Get()); }     }       public void Commit()     {         DataContext.Commit();     } }   The Commit method of the UnitOfWork will call the commit method of MyFinanceContext class and it will execute the SaveChanges method of DbContext class.   Repository class for Category In this post, we will be focusing on the persistence against Category entity and will working on other entities in later post. Let’s create a repository for handling CRUD operations for Category using derive from a generic Repository RepositoryBase<T>.   public class CategoryRepository: RepositoryBase<Category>, ICategoryRepository     {     public CategoryRepository(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory)         : base(databaseFactory)         {         }                } public interface ICategoryRepository : IRepository<Category> { } If we need additional methods than generic repository for the Category, we can define in the CategoryRepository. Dependency Injection using Unity 2.0 If you are new to Inversion of Control/ Dependency Injection or Unity, please have a look on my articles at http://weblogs.asp.net/shijuvarghese/archive/tags/IoC/default.aspx. I want to create a custom lifetime manager for Unity to store container in the current HttpContext.   public class HttpContextLifetimeManager<T> : LifetimeManager, IDisposable {     public override object GetValue()     {         return HttpContext.Current.Items[typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName];     }     public override void RemoveValue()     {         HttpContext.Current.Items.Remove(typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName);     }     public override void SetValue(object newValue)     {         HttpContext.Current.Items[typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName] = newValue;     }     public void Dispose()     {         RemoveValue();     } }   Let’s create controller factory for Unity in the ASP.NET MVC 3 application. public class UnityControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory { IUnityContainer container; public UnityControllerFactory(IUnityContainer container) {     this.container = container; } protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext reqContext, Type controllerType) {     IController controller;     if (controllerType == null)         throw new HttpException(                 404, String.Format(                     "The controller for path '{0}' could not be found" +     "or it does not implement IController.",                 reqContext.HttpContext.Request.Path));       if (!typeof(IController).IsAssignableFrom(controllerType))         throw new ArgumentException(                 string.Format(                     "Type requested is not a controller: {0}",                     controllerType.Name),                     "controllerType");     try     {         controller= container.Resolve(controllerType) as IController;     }     catch (Exception ex)     {         throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format(                                 "Error resolving controller {0}",                                 controllerType.Name), ex);     }     return controller; }   }   Configure contract and concrete types in Unity Let’s configure our contract and concrete types in Unity for resolving our dependencies.   private void ConfigureUnity() {     //Create UnityContainer               IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer()                 .RegisterType<IDatabaseFactory, DatabaseFactory>(new HttpContextLifetimeManager<IDatabaseFactory>())     .RegisterType<IUnitOfWork, UnitOfWork>(new HttpContextLifetimeManager<IUnitOfWork>())     .RegisterType<ICategoryRepository, CategoryRepository>(new HttpContextLifetimeManager<ICategoryRepository>());                 //Set container for Controller Factory                ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(             new UnityControllerFactory(container)); }   In the above ConfigureUnity method, we are registering our types onto Unity container with custom lifetime manager HttpContextLifetimeManager. Let’s call ConfigureUnity method in the Global.asax.cs for set controller factory for Unity and configuring the types with Unity.   protected void Application_Start() {     AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();     RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);     RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);     ConfigureUnity(); }   Developing web application using ASP.NET MVC 3 We have created our domain model for our web application and also have created repositories and configured dependencies with Unity container. Now we have to create controller classes and views for doing CRUD operations against the Category entity. Let’s create controller class for Category Category Controller   public class CategoryController : Controller {     private readonly ICategoryRepository categoryRepository;     private readonly IUnitOfWork unitOfWork;           public CategoryController(ICategoryRepository categoryRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)     {         this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;         this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork;     }       public ActionResult Index()     {         var categories = categoryRepository.All();         return View(categories);     }     [HttpGet]     public ActionResult Edit(int id)     {         var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id);         return View(category);     }       [HttpPost]     public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection)     {         var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id);         if (TryUpdateModel(category))         {             unitOfWork.Commit();             return RedirectToAction("Index");         }         else return View(category);                 }       [HttpGet]     public ActionResult Create()     {         var category = new Category();         return View(category);     }           [HttpPost]     public ActionResult Create(Category category)     {         if (!ModelState.IsValid)         {             return View("Create", category);         }                     categoryRepository.Add(category);         unitOfWork.Commit();         return RedirectToAction("Index");     }       [HttpPost]     public ActionResult Delete(int  id)     {         var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id);         categoryRepository.Delete(category);         unitOfWork.Commit();         var categories = categoryRepository.All();         return PartialView("CategoryList", categories);       }        }   Creating Views in Razor Now we are going to create views in Razor for our ASP.NET MVC 3 application.  Let’s create a partial view CategoryList.cshtml for listing category information and providing link for Edit and Delete operations. CategoryList.cshtml @using MyFinance.Helpers; @using MyFinance.Domain; @model IEnumerable<Category>      <table>         <tr>         <th>Actions</th>         <th>Name</th>          <th>Description</th>         </tr>     @foreach (var item in Model) {             <tr>             <td>                 @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit",new { id = item.CategoryId })                 @Ajax.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.CategoryId }, new AjaxOptions { Confirm = "Delete Expense?", HttpMethod = "Post", UpdateTargetId = "divCategoryList" })                           </td>             <td>                 @item.Name             </td>             <td>                 @item.Description             </td>         </tr>          }       </table>     <p>         @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create")     </p> The delete link is providing Ajax functionality using the Ajax.ActionLink. This will call an Ajax request for Delete action method in the CategoryCotroller class. In the Delete action method, it will return Partial View CategoryList after deleting the record. We are using CategoryList view for the Ajax functionality and also for Index view using for displaying list of category information. Let’s create Index view using partial view CategoryList  Index.chtml @model IEnumerable<MyFinance.Domain.Category> @{     ViewBag.Title = "Index"; }    <h2>Category List</h2>    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>    <div id="divCategoryList">               @Html.Partial("CategoryList", Model) </div>   We can call the partial views using Html.Partial helper method. Now we are going to create View pages for insert and update functionality for the Category. Both view pages are sharing common user interface for entering the category information. So I want to create an EditorTemplate for the Category information. We have to create the EditorTemplate with the same name of entity object so that we can refer it on view pages using @Html.EditorFor(model => model) . So let’s create template with name Category. Let’s create view page for insert Category information   @model MyFinance.Domain.Category   @{     ViewBag.Title = "Save"; }   <h2>Create</h2>   <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>   @using (Html.BeginForm()) {     @Html.ValidationSummary(true)     <fieldset>         <legend>Category</legend>                @Html.EditorFor(model => model)               <p>             <input type="submit" value="Create" />         </p>     </fieldset> }   <div>     @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") </div> ViewStart file In Razor views, we can add a file named _viewstart.cshtml in the views directory  and this will be shared among the all views with in the Views directory. The below code in the _viewstart.cshtml, sets the Layout page for every Views in the Views folder.      @{     Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"; }   Source Code You can download the source code from http://efmvc.codeplex.com/ . The source will be refactored on over time.   Summary In this post, we have created a simple web application using ASP.NET MVC 3 and EF Code First. We have discussed on technologies and practices such as ASP.NET MVC 3, Razor, EF Code First, Unity 2, generic Repository and Unit of Work. In my later posts, I will modify the application and will be discussed on more things. Stay tuned to my blog  for more posts on step by step application building.

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  • How to add items to the Document Types context menu.

    - by Vizioz Limited
    I am currently working on an extension to Umbraco that needed an extra menu item on the Document Types menu in the Settings section, my first thought was to use the BeforeNodeRender event to add the menu item, but this event only fires on the Content and Media menu trees.See: Codeplex Issue 21623The "temporary" solution has been to extend the "loadNodeTypes" class, I say temporary because I assume that the core team may well extend the event functionality to the entire menu tree in the future which would be much better and would prevent you from having to complete override the menu items.This was suggested by Slace on my "is it possible to add an item to the context menu in tree's other than media content" post on the our.umbraco.org site.There are three things you need to do:1) Override the loadNodeTypesusing System.Collections.Generic;using umbraco.interfaces;using umbraco.BusinessLogic.Actions;namespace Vizioz.xMind2Umbraco{ // Note: Remember these menu's might change in future versions of Umbraco public class loadNodeTypesMenu : umbraco.loadNodeTypes { public loadNodeTypesMenu(string application) : base(application) { } protected override void CreateRootNodeActions(ref List<IAction> actions) { actions.Clear(); actions.Add(ActionNew.Instance); actions.Add(xMindImportAction.Instance); actions.Add(ContextMenuSeperator.Instance); actions.Add(ActionImport.Instance); actions.Add(ContextMenuSeperator.Instance); actions.Add(ActionRefresh.Instance); } protected override void CreateAllowedActions(ref List<IAction> actions) { actions.Clear(); actions.Add(ActionCopy.Instance); actions.Add(xMindImportAction.Instance); actions.Add(ContextMenuSeperator.Instance); actions.Add(ActionExport.Instance); actions.Add(ContextMenuSeperator.Instance); actions.Add(ActionDelete.Instance); } }}2) Create a new Action to be used on the menuusing umbraco.interfaces;namespace Vizioz.xMind2Umbraco{ public class xMindImportAction : IAction { #region Implementation of IAction public static xMindImportAction Instance { get { return umbraco.Singleton<xMindImportAction>.Instance; } } public char Letter { get { return 'p'; } } public bool ShowInNotifier { get { return true; } } public bool CanBePermissionAssigned { get { return true; } } public string Icon { get { return "editor/OPEN.gif"; } } public string Alias { get { return "Import from xMind"; } } public string JsFunctionName { get { return "openModal('dialogs/xMindImport.aspx?id=' + nodeID, 'Publish Management', 550, 480);"; } } public string JsSource { get { return string.Empty; } } #endregion }}3) Update the UmbracoAppTree table, my case I changed the following:TreeHandlerTypeFrom: loadNodeTypesTo: loadNodeTypesMenuTreeHandlerAssemblyFrom: umbracoTo: Vizioz.xMind2UmbracoAnd the result is:

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  • Authenticating clients in the new WCF Http stack

    - by cibrax
    About this time last year, I wrote a couple of posts about how to use the “Interceptors” from the REST starker kit for implementing several authentication mechanisms like “SAML”, “Basic Authentication” or “OAuth” in the WCF Web programming model. The things have changed a lot since then, and Glenn finally put on our hands a new version of the Web programming model that deserves some attention and I believe will help us a lot to build more Http oriented services in the .NET stack. What you can get today from wcf.codeplex.com is a preview with some cool features like Http Processors (which I already discussed here), a new and improved version of the HttpClient library, Dependency injection and better TDD support among others. However, the framework still does not support an standard way of doing client authentication on the services (This is something planned for the upcoming releases I believe). For that reason, moving the existing authentication interceptors to this new programming model was one of the things I did in the last few days. In order to make authentication simple and easy to extend,  I first came up with a model based on what I called “Authentication Interceptors”. An authentication interceptor maps to an existing Http authentication mechanism and implements the following interface, public interface IAuthenticationInterceptor{ string Scheme { get; } bool DoAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, out IPrincipal principal);} An authentication interceptors basically needs to returns the http authentication schema that implements in the property “Scheme”, and implements the authentication mechanism in the method “DoAuthentication”. As you can see, this last method “DoAuthentication” only relies on the HttpRequestMessage and HttpResponseMessage classes, making the testing of this interceptor very simple (There is no need to do some black magic with the WCF context or messages). After this, I implemented a couple of interceptors for supporting basic authentication and brokered authentication with SAML (using WIF) in my services. The following code illustrates how the basic authentication interceptors looks like. public class BasicAuthenticationInterceptor : IAuthenticationInterceptor{ Func<UsernameAndPassword, bool> userValidation; string realm;  public BasicAuthenticationInterceptor(Func<UsernameAndPassword, bool> userValidation, string realm) { if (userValidation == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("userValidation");  if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(realm)) throw new ArgumentNullException("realm");  this.userValidation = userValidation; this.realm = realm; }  public string Scheme { get { return "Basic"; } }  public bool DoAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, out IPrincipal principal) { string[] credentials = ExtractCredentials(request); if (credentials.Length == 0 || !AuthenticateUser(credentials[0], credentials[1])) { response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized; response.Content = new StringContent("Access denied"); response.Headers.WwwAuthenticate.Add(new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Basic", "realm=" + this.realm));  principal = null;  return false; } else { principal = new GenericPrincipal(new GenericIdentity(credentials[0]), new string[] {});  return true; } }  private string[] ExtractCredentials(HttpRequestMessage request) { if (request.Headers.Authorization != null && request.Headers.Authorization.Scheme.StartsWith("Basic")) { string encodedUserPass = request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter.Trim();  Encoding encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1"); string userPass = encoding.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encodedUserPass)); int separator = userPass.IndexOf(':');  string[] credentials = new string[2]; credentials[0] = userPass.Substring(0, separator); credentials[1] = userPass.Substring(separator + 1);  return credentials; }  return new string[] { }; }  private bool AuthenticateUser(string username, string password) { var usernameAndPassword = new UsernameAndPassword { Username = username, Password = password };  if (this.userValidation(usernameAndPassword)) { return true; }  return false; }} This interceptor receives in the constructor a callback in the form of a Func delegate for authenticating the user and the “realm”, which is required as part of the implementation. The rest is a general implementation of the basic authentication mechanism using standard http request and response messages. I also implemented another interceptor for authenticating a SAML token with WIF. public class SamlAuthenticationInterceptor : IAuthenticationInterceptor{ SecurityTokenHandlerCollection handlers = null;  public SamlAuthenticationInterceptor(SecurityTokenHandlerCollection handlers) { if (handlers == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("handlers");  this.handlers = handlers; }  public string Scheme { get { return "saml"; } }  public bool DoAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, out IPrincipal principal) { SecurityToken token = ExtractCredentials(request);  if (token != null) { ClaimsIdentityCollection claims = handlers.ValidateToken(token);  principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claims);  return true; } else { response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized; response.Content = new StringContent("Access denied");  principal = null;  return false; } }  private SecurityToken ExtractCredentials(HttpRequestMessage request) { if (request.Headers.Authorization != null && request.Headers.Authorization.Scheme == "saml") { XmlTextReader xmlReader = new XmlTextReader(new StringReader(request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter));  var col = SecurityTokenHandlerCollection.CreateDefaultSecurityTokenHandlerCollection(); SecurityToken token = col.ReadToken(xmlReader);  return token; }  return null; }}This implementation receives a “SecurityTokenHandlerCollection” instance as part of the constructor. This class is part of WIF, and basically represents a collection of token managers to know how to handle specific xml authentication tokens (SAML is one of them). I also created a set of extension methods for injecting these interceptors as part of a service route when the service is initialized. var basicAuthentication = new BasicAuthenticationInterceptor((u) => true, "ContactManager");var samlAuthentication = new SamlAuthenticationInterceptor(serviceConfiguration.SecurityTokenHandlers); // use MEF for providing instancesvar catalog = new AssemblyCatalog(typeof(Global).Assembly);var container = new CompositionContainer(catalog);var configuration = new ContactManagerConfiguration(container); RouteTable.Routes.AddServiceRoute<ContactResource>("contact", configuration, basicAuthentication, samlAuthentication);RouteTable.Routes.AddServiceRoute<ContactsResource>("contacts", configuration, basicAuthentication, samlAuthentication); In the code above, I am injecting the basic authentication and saml authentication interceptors in the “contact” and “contacts” resource implementations that come as samples in the code preview. I will use another post to discuss more in detail how the brokered authentication with SAML model works with this new WCF Http bits. The code is available to download in this location.

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  • Enabling Service Availability in WCF Services

    - by cibrax
    It is very important for the enterprise to know which services are operational at any given point. There are many factors that can affect the availability of the services, some of them are external like a database not responding or any dependant service not working. However, in some cases, you only want to know whether a service is up or down, so a simple heart-beat mechanism with “Ping” messages would do the trick. Unfortunately, WCF does not provide a built-in mechanism to support this functionality, and you probably don’t to implement a “Ping” operation in any service that you have out there. For solving this in a generic way, there is a WCF extensibility point that comes to help us, the “Operation Invokers”. In a nutshell, an operation invoker is the class responsible invoking the service method with a set of parameters and generate the output parameters with the return value. What I am going to do here is to implement a custom operation invoker that intercepts any call to the service, and detects whether a “Ping” header was attached to the message. If the “Ping” header is detected, the operation invoker returns a new header to tell the client that the service is alive, and the real operation execution is omitted. In that way, we have a simple heart beat mechanism based on the messages that include a "Ping” header, so the client application can determine at any point whether the service is up or down. My operation invoker wraps the default implementation attached by default to any operation by WCF. internal class PingOperationInvoker : IOperationInvoker { IOperationInvoker innerInvoker; object[] outputs = null; object returnValue = null; public const string PingHeaderName = "Ping"; public const string PingHeaderNamespace = "http://tellago.serviceModel"; public PingOperationInvoker(IOperationInvoker innerInvoker, OperationDescription description) { this.innerInvoker = innerInvoker; outputs = description.SyncMethod.GetParameters() .Where(p => p.IsOut) .Select(p => DefaultForType(p.ParameterType)).ToArray(); var returnValue = DefaultForType(description.SyncMethod.ReturnType); } private static object DefaultForType(Type targetType) { return targetType.IsValueType ? Activator.CreateInstance(targetType) : null; } public object Invoke(object instance, object[] inputs, out object[] outputs) { object returnValue; if (Invoke(out returnValue, out outputs)) { return returnValue; } else { return this.innerInvoker.Invoke(instance, inputs, out outputs); } } private bool Invoke(out object returnValue, out object[] outputs) { object untypedProperty = null; if (OperationContext.Current .IncomingMessageProperties.TryGetValue(HttpRequestMessageProperty.Name, out untypedProperty)) { var httpRequestProperty = untypedProperty as HttpRequestMessageProperty; if (httpRequestProperty != null) { if (httpRequestProperty.Headers[PingHeaderName] != null) { outputs = this.outputs; if (OperationContext.Current .IncomingMessageProperties.TryGetValue(HttpRequestMessageProperty.Name, out untypedProperty)) { var httpResponseProperty = untypedProperty as HttpResponseMessageProperty; httpResponseProperty.Headers.Add(PingHeaderName, "Ok"); } returnValue = this.returnValue; return true; } } } var headers = OperationContext.Current.IncomingMessageHeaders; if (headers.FindHeader(PingHeaderName, PingHeaderNamespace) > -1) { outputs = this.outputs; MessageHeader<string> header = new MessageHeader<string>("Ok"); var untyped = header.GetUntypedHeader(PingHeaderName, PingHeaderNamespace); OperationContext.Current.OutgoingMessageHeaders.Add(untyped); returnValue = this.returnValue; return true; } returnValue = null; outputs = null; return false; } } The implementation above looks for the “Ping” header either in the Http Request or the Soap message. The next step is to implement a behavior for attaching this operation invoker to the services we want to monitor. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)] public class PingBehavior : Attribute, IServiceBehavior, IOperationBehavior { public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase, Collection<ServiceEndpoint> endpoints, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { } public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase) { } public void Validate(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase) { foreach (var endpoint in serviceDescription.Endpoints) { foreach (var operation in endpoint.Contract.Operations) { if (operation.Behaviors.Find<PingBehavior>() == null) operation.Behaviors.Add(this); } } } public void AddBindingParameters(OperationDescription operationDescription, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { } public void ApplyClientBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, ClientOperation clientOperation) { } public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, DispatchOperation dispatchOperation) { dispatchOperation.Invoker = new PingOperationInvoker(dispatchOperation.Invoker, operationDescription); } public void Validate(OperationDescription operationDescription) { } } As an operation invoker can only be added in an “operation behavior”, a trick I learned in the past is that you can implement a service behavior as well and use the “Validate” method to inject it in all the operations, so the final configuration is much easier and cleaner. You only need to decorate the service with a simple attribute to enable the “Ping” functionality. [PingBehavior] public class HelloWorldService : IHelloWorld { public string Hello(string name) { return "Hello " + name; } } On the other hand, the client application needs to send a dummy message with a “Ping” header to detect whether the service is available or not. In order to simplify this task, I created a extension method in the WCF client channel to do this work. public static class ClientChannelExtensions { const string PingNamespace = "http://tellago.serviceModel"; const string PingName = "Ping"; public static bool IsAvailable<TChannel>(this IClientChannel channel, Action<TChannel> operation) { try { using (OperationContextScope scope = new OperationContextScope(channel)) { MessageHeader<string> header = new MessageHeader<string>(PingName); var untyped = header.GetUntypedHeader(PingName, PingNamespace); OperationContext.Current.OutgoingMessageHeaders.Add(untyped); try { operation((TChannel)channel); var headers = OperationContext.Current.IncomingMessageHeaders; if (headers.Any(h => h.Name == PingName && h.Namespace == PingNamespace)) { return true; } else { return false; } } catch (CommunicationException) { return false; } } } catch (Exception) { return false; } } } This extension method basically adds a “Ping” header to the request message, executes the operation passed as argument (Action<TChannel> operation), and looks for the corresponding “Ping” header in the response to see the results. The client application can use this extension with a single line of code, var client = new ServiceReference.HelloWorldClient(); var isAvailable = client.InnerChannel.IsAvailable<IHelloWorld>((c) => c.Hello(null)); The “isAvailable” variable will tell the client application whether the service is available or not. You can download the complete implementation from this location.    

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