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  • Efficient way in Python to remove an element from a comma-separated string

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking for the most efficient way to add an element to a comma-separated string while maintaining alphabetical order for the words: For example: string = 'Apples, Bananas, Grapes, Oranges' subtraction = 'Bananas' result = 'Apples, Grapes, Oranges' Also, a way to do this but while maintaining IDs: string = '1:Apples, 4:Bananas, 6:Grapes, 23:Oranges' subtraction = '4:Bananas' result = '1:Apples, 6:Grapes, 23:Oranges' Sample code is greatly appreciated. Thank you so much.

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  • use/run python's 2to3 as or like a unittest

    - by Vincent
    I have used the 2to3 utility to convert code from the command line. What I would like to do is run it basically as a unittest. Even if it tests the file rather than parts(funtions, methods...) as would be normal for a unittest. It does not need to be a unittest and I don't what to automatically convert the files I just want to monitor the py3 compliance of files in a unittest like manor. I can't seem to find any documentation or examples for this. An example and/or documentation would be great. Thanks

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  • Dynamic variable name in python

    - by PhilGo20
    I'd like to call a query with a field name filter that I wont know before run time... Not sure how to construct the variable name ...Or maybe I am tired. field_name = funct() locations = Locations.objects.filter(field_name__lte=arg1) where if funct() returns name would equal to locations = Locations.objects.filter(name__lte=arg1) Not sure how to do that ...

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  • Python combinations no repeat by constraint

    - by user2758113
    I have a tuple of tuples (Name, val 1, val 2, Class) tuple = (("Jackson",10,12,"A"), ("Ryan",10,20,"A"), ("Michael",10,12,"B"), ("Andrew",10,20,"B"), ("McKensie",10,12,"C"), ("Alex",10,20,"D")) I need to return all combinations using itertools combinations that do not repeat classes. How can I return combinations that dont repeat classes. For example, the first returned statement would be: tuple0, tuple2, tuple4, tuple5 and so on.

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  • how to read a file in other directory in python

    - by mazen.r.f
    i have a file its name is 5_1.txt in a directory i named it direct , how can i read that file using the instruction read. i verified the path using : os.getcwd() os.path.exists(direct) the result was True x_file=open(direct,'r') and i got this error : Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#17>", line 1, in <module> x_file=open(direct,'r') IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied i don't know why i can't read the file ? any suggestion ? thanks .

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  • Optimizing BeautifulSoup (Python) code

    - by user283405
    I have code that uses the BeautifulSoup library for parsing, but it is very slow. The code is written in such a way that threads cannot be used. Can anyone help me with this? I am using BeautifulSoup for parsing and than save into a DB. If I comment out the save statement, it still takes a long time, so there is no problem with the database. def parse(self,text): soup = BeautifulSoup(text) arr = soup.findAll('tbody') for i in range(0,len(arr)-1): data=Data() soup2 = BeautifulSoup(str(arr[i])) arr2 = soup2.findAll('td') c=0 for j in arr2: if str(j).find("<a href=") > 0: data.sourceURL = self.getAttributeValue(str(j),'<a href="') else: if c == 2: data.Hits=j.renderContents() #and few others... c = c+1 data.save() Any suggestions? Note: I already ask this question here but that was closed due to incomplete information.

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  • Python string formatting too slow

    - by wich
    I use the following code to log a map, it is fast when it only contains zeroes, but as soon as there is actual data in the map it becomes unbearably slow... Is there any way to do this faster? log_file = open('testfile', 'w') for i, x in ((i, start + i * interval) for i in range(length)): log_file.write('%-5d %8.3f %13g %13g %13g %13g %13g %13g\n' % (i, x, map[0][i], map[1][i], map[2][i], map[3][i], map[4][i], map[5][i]))

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  • Restart logging to a new file (Python)

    - by compie
    I'm using the following code to initialize logging in my application. logger = logging.getLogger() logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # log to a file directory = '/reserved/DYPE/logfiles' now = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S") filename = os.path.join(directory, 'dype_%s.log' % now) file_handler = logging.FileHandler(filename) file_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(filename)s, %(lineno)d, %(funcName)s: %(message)s") file_handler.setFormatter(formatter) logger.addHandler(file_handler) # log to the console console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() level = logging.INFO console_handler.setLevel(level) logger.addHandler(console_handler) logging.debug('logging initialized') How can I close the current logging file and restart logging to a new file? Note: I don't want to use RotatingFileHandler, because I want full control over all the filenames and the moment of rotation.

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  • Custom keys for Google App Engine models (Python)

    - by Cameron
    First off, I'm relatively new to Google App Engine, so I'm probably doing something silly. Say I've got a model Foo: class Foo(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() I want to use name as a unique key for every Foo object. How is this done? When I want to get a specific Foo object, I currently query the datastore for all Foo objects with the target unique name, but queries are slow (plus it's a pain to ensure that name is unique when each new Foo is created). There's got to be a better way to do this! Thanks.

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  • Get the last '/' or '\\' character in Python

    - by wowus
    If I have a string that looks like either ./A/B/c.d OR .\A\B\c.d How do I get just the "./A/B/" part? The direction of the slashes can be the same as they are passed. This problem kinda boils down to: How do I get the last of a specific character in a string? Basically, I want the path of a file without the file part of it.

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  • strip spaces in python.

    - by Richard
    ok I know that this should be simple... anyways say: line = "$W5M5A,100527,142500,730301c44892fd1c,2,686.5 4,333.96,0,0,28.6,123,75,-0.4,1.4*49" I want to strip out the spaces. I thought you would just do this line = line.strip() but now line is still '$W5M5A,100527,142500,730301c44892fd1c,2,686.5 4,333.96,0,0,28.6,123,75,-0.4,1.4*49' instead of '$W5M5A,100527,142500,730301c44892fd1c,2,686.54,333.96,0,0,28.6,123,75,-0.4,1.4*49' any thoughts?

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  • Python: Taking an array and break it into subarrays based on some criteria

    - by randombits
    I have an array of files. I'd like to be able to break that array down into one array with multiple subarrays, each subarray contains files that were created on the same day. So right now if the array contains files from March 1 - March 31, I'd like to have an array with 31 subarrays (assuming there is at least 1 file for each day). In the long run, I'm trying to find the file from each day with the latest creation/modification time. If there is a way to bundle that into the iterations that are required above to save some CPU cycles, that would be even more ideal. Then I'd have one flat array with 31 files, one for each day, for the latest file created on each individual day.

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  • Python Game using pyGame with Window Menu elements

    - by Zoja
    Here's the deal. I'm trying to write an arkanoid clone game and the thing is that I need a window menu like you get in pyGTK. For example File-(Open/Save/Exit) .. something like that and opening an "about" context where the author should be written. I'm already using pyGame for writting the game logic. I've tried pgu to write the GUI but that doesn't help me, altough it has those menu elements I'm taking about, you can't include the screen of the game in it's container. Does anybody know how to include such window menus with the usage of pyGame ?

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  • Python/YACC Lexer: Token priority?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm trying to use reserved words in my grammar: reserved = { 'if' : 'IF', 'then' : 'THEN', 'else' : 'ELSE', 'while' : 'WHILE', } tokens = [ 'DEPT_CODE', 'COURSE_NUMBER', 'OR_CONJ', 'ID', ] + list(reserved.values()) t_DEPT_CODE = r'[A-Z]{2,}' t_COURSE_NUMBER = r'[0-9]{4}' t_OR_CONJ = r'or' t_ignore = ' \t' def t_ID(t): r'[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*' if t.value in reserved.values(): t.type = reserved[t.value] return t return None However, the t_ID rule somehow swallows up DEPT_CODE and OR_CONJ. How can I get around this? I'd like those two to take higher precedence than the reserved words.

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  • Implement loops for python 3

    - by Alex
    Implement this loop: total up the product of the numbers from 1 to x. Implement this loop: total up the product of the numbers from a to b. Implement this loop: total up the sum of the numbers from a to b. Implement this loop: total up the sum of the numbers from 1 to x. Implement this loop: count the number of characters in a string s. i'm very lost on implementing loops these are just some examples that i am having trouble with-- if someone could help me understand how to do them that would be awesome

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  • python cairoplot store previous readings..

    - by krisdigitx
    hi, i am using cairoplot, to make graphs, however the file from where i am reading the data is growing huge and its taking a long time to process the graph is there any real-time way to produce cairo graph, or at least store the previous readings..like rrd. -krisdigitx

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  • Python: Unpack arbitary length bits for database storage

    - by sberry2A
    I have a binary data format consisting of 18,000+ packed int64s, ints, shorts, bytes and chars. The data is packed to minimize it's size, so they don't always use byte sized chunks. For example, a number whose min and max value are 31, 32 respectively might be stored with a single bit where the actual value is bitvalue + min, so 0 is 31 and 1 is 32. I am looking for the most efficient way to unpack all of these for subsequent processing and database storage. Right now I am able to read any value by using either struct.unpack, or BitBuffer. I use struct.unpack for any data that starts on a bit where (bit-offset % 8 == 0 and data-length % 8 == 0) and I use BitBuffer for anything else. I know the offset and size of every packed piece of data, so what is going to be the fasted way to completely unpack them? Many thanks.

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  • Can I avoid a threaded UDP socket in Python dropping data?

    - by 666craig
    First off, I'm new to Python and learning on the job, so be gentle! I'm trying to write a threaded Python app for Windows that reads data from a UDP socket (thread-1), writes it to file (thread-2), and displays the live data (thread-3) to a widget (gtk.Image using a gtk.gdk.pixbuf). I'm using queues for communicating data between threads. My problem is that if I start only threads 1 and 3 (so skip the file writing for now), it seems that I lose some data after the first few samples. After this drop it looks fine. Even by letting thread 1 complete before running thread 3, this apparent drop is still there. Apologies for the length of code snippet (I've removed the thread that writes to file), but I felt removing code would just prompt questions. Hope someone can shed some light :-) import socket import threading import Queue import numpy import gtk gtk.gdk.threads_init() import gtk.glade import pygtk class readFromUDPSocket(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.socketUDP = socketUDP self.readDataQueue = readDataQueue self.packetSize = packetSize self.numScans = numScans def run(self): for scan in range(1, self.numScans + 1): buffer = self.socketUDP.recv(self.packetSize) self.readDataQueue.put(buffer) self.socketUDP.close() print 'myServer finished!' class displayWithGTK(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, displayDataQueue, image, viewArea): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.displayDataQueue = displayDataQueue self.image = image self.viewWidth = viewArea[0] self.viewHeight = viewArea[1] self.displayData = numpy.zeros((self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth, 3), dtype=numpy.uint16) def run(self): scan = 0 try: while True: if not scan % self.viewWidth: scan = 0 buffer = self.displayDataQueue.get(timeout=0.1) self.displayData[:, scan, 0] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 1] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) self.displayData[:, scan, 2] = numpy.fromstring(buffer, dtype=numpy.uint16) gtk.gdk.threads_enter() self.myPixbuf = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_data(self.displayData.tostring(), gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, self.viewWidth, self.viewHeight, self.viewWidth * 3) self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.myPixbuf) self.image.show() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() scan += 1 except Queue.Empty: print 'myDisplay finished!' pass def quitGUI(obj): print 'Currently active threads: %s' % threading.enumerate() gtk.main_quit() if __name__ == '__main__': # Create socket (IPv4 protocol, datagram (UDP)) and bind to address socketUDP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) host = '192.168.1.5' port = 1024 socketUDP.bind((host, port)) # Data parameters samplesPerScan = 256 packetsPerSecond = 1200 packetSize = 512 duration = 1 # For now, set a fixed duration to log data numScans = int(packetsPerSecond * duration) # Create array to store data data = numpy.zeros((samplesPerScan, numScans), dtype=numpy.uint16) # Create queue for displaying from readDataQueue = Queue.Queue(numScans) # Build GUI from Glade XML file builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file('GroundVue.glade') window = builder.get_object('mainwindow') window.connect('destroy', quitGUI) view = builder.get_object('viewport') image = gtk.Image() view.add(image) viewArea = (1200, samplesPerScan) # Instantiate & start threads myServer = readFromUDPSocket(socketUDP, readDataQueue, packetSize, numScans) myDisplay = displayWithGTK(readDataQueue, image, viewArea) myServer.start() myDisplay.start() gtk.gdk.threads_enter() gtk.main() gtk.gdk.threads_leave() print 'gtk.main finished!'

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  • Regex replace (in Python) - a more simple way?

    - by Evan Fosmark
    Any time I want to replace a piece of text that is part of a larger piece of text, I always have to do something like: "(?P<start>some_pattern)(?P<replace>foo)(?P<end>end)" And then concatenate the start group with the new data for replace and then the end group. Is there a better method for this?

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  • Python and classes

    - by Artyom
    Hello, i have 2 classes. How i call first.TQ in Second ? Without creating object First in Second. class First: def __init__(self): self.str = "" def TQ(self): pass def main(self): T = Second(self.str) # Called here class Second(): def __init__(self): list = {u"RANDINT":first.TQ} # List of funcs maybe called in first ..... ..... return data

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  • Python loop | "do-while" over a tree

    - by johannix
    Is there a more Pythonic way to put this loop together?: while True: children = tree.getChildren() if not children: break tree = children[0] UPDATE: I think this syntax is probably what I'm going to go with: while tree.getChildren(): tree = tree.getChildren()[0]

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