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  • python destructuring-bind dictionary contents

    - by Stephen
    Hi, I am trying to 'destructure' a dictionary and associate values with variables names after its keys. Something like params = {'a':1,'b':2} a,b = params.values() but since dictionaries are not ordered, there is no guarantee that params.values() will return values in the order of (a,b). Is there a nice way to do this? Thanks

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  • Help with python list-comprehension

    - by leChuck
    A simplified version of my problem: I have a list comprehension that i use to set bitflags on a two dimensional list so: s = FLAG1 | FLAG2 | FLAG3 [[c.set_state(s) for c in row] for row in self.__map] All set_state does is: self.state |= f This works fine but I have to have this function "set_state" in every cell in __map. Every cell in __map has a .state so what I'm trying to do is something like: [[c.state |= s for c in row] for row in self.map] or map(lambda c: c.state |= s, [c for c in row for row in self.__map]) Except that neither works (Syntax error). Perhaps I'm barking up the wrong tree with map/lamda but I would like to get rid on set_state. And perhaps know why assignment does not work in the list-comprehension

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  • Python breaks for a certain amount

    - by Brian Cox
    All, I am not very good at explaining so i will let my comments do it! #this script is to calculate some of the times table up to 24X24 and also miss some out #Range of numbers to be calculated numbers=range(1,25) for i in numbers: for w in numbers: print(str(i)+"X"+str(w)+"="+str(i*w)) #here i want to break randomly (skip some out) e.g. i could be doing the 12X1,12X2 and then 12X5 i have no limit of skips. Update Sorry if this is not clear i want it to break from the inner loop for a random amount of times

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  • Plotting a cumulative graph of python datetimes

    - by ventolin
    Say I have a list of datetimes, and we know each datetime to be the recorded time of an event happening. Is it possible in matplotlib to graph the frequency of this event occuring over time, showing this data in a cumulative graph (so that each point is greater or equal to all of the points that went before it), without preprocessing this list? (e.g. passing datetime objects directly to some wonderful matplotlib function) Or do I need to turn this list of datetimes into a list of dictionary items, such as: {"year": 1998, "month": 12, "date": 15, "events": 92} and then generate a graph from this list? Sorry if this seems like a silly question - I'm not all too familiar with matplotlib, and would like to save myself the effort of doing this the latter way if matplotlib can already deal with datetime objects itself.

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  • using Python reduce over a list of pairs

    - by user248237
    I'm trying to pair together a bunch of elements in a list to create a final object, in a way that's analogous to making a sum of objects. I'm trying to use a simple variation on reduce where you consider a list of pairs rather than a flat list to do this. I want to do something along the lines of: nums = [1, 2, 3] reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, nums) except I'd like to add additional information to the sum that is specific to each element in the list of numbers nums. For example for each pair (a,b) in the list, run the sum as (a+b): nums = [(1, 0), (2, 5), (3, 10)] reduce(lambda x, y: (x[0]+x[1]) + (y[0]+y[1]), nums) This does not work: >>> reduce(lambda x, y: (x[0]+x[1]) + (y[0]+y[1]), nums) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 1, in <lambda> TypeError: 'int' object is unsubscriptable Why does it not work? I know I can encode nums as a flat list - that is not the point - I just want to be able to create a reduce operation that can iterate over a list of pairs, or over two lists of the same length simultaneously and pool information from both lists. thanks.

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  • Using Python read specific (column, row) values from a txt file

    - by user2955708
    I would like to read values from a text file until that is a float value. Lets say I have the following file: 14:53:55 Load 300 Speed 200 Distance,m Fz Fx Speed 0.0000 249 4 6.22 0.0002 247 33 16.29 0.0004 246 49 21.02 0.2492 240 115 26.97 0.2494 241 112 21.78 0.2496 240 109 13.09 0.2498 169 79 0.27 Distance,m Fz Fx Speed 0.0000 249 4 7.22 0.0002 247 33 1.29 0.0004 246 49 271.02 0.2492 240 115 26.97 0.2494 241 112 215.78 0.2496 240 109 13.09 0.2498 169 79 0.27 And I need only the values under the first Distance column. So something like skip the first few rows, then read values from the first column while it is float. Thanks your help in advance

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  • Extract anything that looks like links from large amount of data in python

    - by Riz
    Hi, I have around 5 GB of html data which I want to process to find links to a set of websites and perform some additional filtering. Right now I use simple regexp for each site and iterate over them, searching for matches. In my case links can be outside of "a" tags and be not well formed in many ways(like "\n" in the middle of link) so I try to grab as much "links" as I can and check them later in other scripts(so no BeatifulSoup\lxml\etc). The problem is that my script is pretty slow, so I am thinking about any ways to speed it up. I am writing a set of test to check different approaches, but hope to get some advices :) Right now I am thinking about getting all links without filtering first(maybe using C module or standalone app, which doesn't use regexp but simple search to get start and end of every link) and then using regexp to match ones I need.

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  • Join a list of lists together into 1 list in Python

    - by dotty
    Hay All. I have a list which consists of many lists, here is an example [ [Obj, Obj, Obj, Obj], [Obj], [Obj], [ [Obj,Obj], [Obj,Obj,Obj] ] ] Is there a way to join all these items together as 1 list, so the output will be something like [Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj,Obj] Thanks

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  • encapsulation in python list (want to use " instead of ')

    - by Codehai
    I have a list of users users["pirates"] and they're stored in the format ['pirate1','pirate2']. If I hand the list over to a def and query for it in MongoDB, it returns data based on the first index (e.g. pirate1) only. If I hand over a list in the format ["pirate1","pirate"], it returns data based on all the elements in the list. So I think there's something wrong with the encapsulation of the elements in the list. My question: can I change the encapsulation from ' to " without replacing every ' on every element with a loop manually? Short Example: aList = list() # get pirate Stuff # users["pirates"] is a list returned by a former query # so e.g. users["pirates"][0] may be peter without any quotes for pirate in users["pirates"]: aList.append(pirate) aVar = pirateDef(aList) print(aVar) the definition: def pirateDef(inputList = list()): # prepare query col = mongoConnect().MYCOL # query for pirates Arrrr pirates = col.find({ "_id" : {"$in" : inputList}} ).sort("_id",1).limit(50) # loop over users userList = list() for person in pirates: # do stuff that has nothing to do with the problem # append user to userlist userList.append(person) return userList If the given list has ' encapsulation it returns: 'pirates': [{'pirate': 'Arrr', '_id': 'blabla'}] If capsulated with " it returns: 'pirates' : [{'_id': 'blabla', 'pirate' : 'Arrr'}, {'_id': 'blabla2', 'pirate' : 'cheers'}] EDIT: I tried figuring out, that the problem has to be in the MongoDB query. The list is handed over to the Def correctly, but after querying pirates only consists of 1 element... Thanks for helping me Codehai

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  • Python If Statement Defaults to an elif

    - by Brad Carvalho
    Not sure why my code is defaulting to this elif. But it's never getting to the else statement. Even going as far as throwing index out of bound errors in the last elif. Please disregard my non use of regex. It wasn't allowed for this homework assignment. The problem is the last elif before the else statement. Cheers, Brad if item == '': print ("%s\n" % item).rstrip('\n') elif item.startswith('MOVE') and not item.startswith('MOVEI'): print 'Found MOVE' elif item.startswith('MOVEI'): print 'Found MOVEI' elif item.startswith('BGT'): print 'Found BGT' elif item.startswith('ADD'): print 'Found ADD' elif item.startswith('INC'): print 'Found INC' elif item.startswith('SUB'): print 'Found SUB' elif item.startswith('DEC'): print 'Found DEC' elif item.startswith('MUL'): print 'Found MUL' elif item.startswith('DIV'): print 'Found DIV' elif item.startswith('BEQ'): print 'Found BEQ' elif item.startswith('BLT'): print 'Found BLT' elif item.startswith('BR'): print 'Found BR' elif item.startswith('END'): print 'Found END' elif item.find(':') and item[(item.find(':') -1)].isalpha(): print 'Mya have found a label' else: print 'Not sure what I found'

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  • Python finding substring between certain characters using regex and replace()

    - by jCuga
    Suppose I have a string with lots of random stuff in it like the following: strJunk ="asdf2adsf29Value=five&lakl23ljk43asdldl" And I'm interested in obtaining the substring sitting between 'Value=' and '&', which in this example would be 'five'. I can use a regex like the following: match = re.search(r'Value=?([^&>]+)', strJunk) >>> print match.group(0) Value=five >>> print match.group(1) five How come match.group(0) is the whole thing 'Value=five' and group(1) is just 'five'? And is there a way for me to just get 'five' as the only result? (This question stems from me only having a tenuous grasp of regex) I am also going to have to make a substitution in this string such such as the following: val1 = match.group(1) strJunk.replace(val1, "six", 1) Which yields: 'asdf2adsf29Value=six&lakl23ljk43asdldl' Considering that I plan on performing the above two tasks (finding the string between 'Value=' and '&', as well as replacing that value) over and over, I was wondering if there are any other more efficient ways of looking for the substring and replacing it in the original string. I'm fine sticking with what I've got but I just want to make sure that I'm not taking up more time than I have to be if better methods are out there.

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  • Python: Comparing specific columns in two csv files

    - by coder999
    Say that I have two CSV files (file1 and file2) with contents as shown below: file1: fred,43,Male,"23,45",blue,"1, bedrock avenue" file2: fred,39,Male,"23,45",blue,"1, bedrock avenue" I would like to compare these two CSV records to see if columns 0,2,3,4, and 5 are the same. I don't care about column 1. What's the most pythonic way of doing this? EDIT: Some example code would be appreciated.

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  • networking application and GUI in python

    - by pygabriel
    I'm writing an application that sends files over network, I want to develop a custom protocol to not limit myself in term on feature richness (http wouldn't be appropriate, the nearest thing is the bittorrent protocol maybe). I've tried with twisted, I've built a good app but there's a bug that makes my GUI blocking, so I've to switch to another framework/strategy. What do you suggest? Using raw sockets and using gtk mainloop (there are select-like functions in the toolkit) is too much difficult? It's viable running two mainloops in different threads? Asking for suggestions

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  • Custom constructors for models in Google App Engine (python)

    - by Nikhil Chelliah
    I'm getting back to programming for Google App Engine and I've found, in old, unused code, instances in which I wrote constructors for models. It seems like a good idea, but there's no mention of it online and I can't test to see if it works. Here's a contrived example, with no error-checking, etc.: class Dog(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty(required=True) breeds = db.StringListProperty() age = db.IntegerProperty(default=0) def __init__(self, name, breed_list, **kwargs): db.Model.__init__(**kwargs) self.name = name self.breeds = breed_list.split() rufus = Dog('Rufus', 'spaniel terrier labrador') rufus.put() The **kwargs are passed on to the Model constructor in case the model is constructed with a specified parent or key_name, or in case other properties (like age) are specified. This constructor differs from the default in that it requires that a name and breed_list be specified (although it can't ensure that they're strings), and it parses breed_list in a way that the default constructor could not. Is this a legitimate form of instantiation, or should I just use functions or static/class methods? And if it works, why aren't custom constructors used more often?

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  • Python: eliminating stack traces into library code?

    - by Mark Harrison
    When I get a runtime exception from the standard library, it's almost always a problem in my code and not in the library code. Is there a way to truncate the exception stack trace so that it doesn't show the guts of the library package? For example, I would like to get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None. and not this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 276, in __setitem__ _DeadlockWrap(wrapF) # self.db[key] = value File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/dbutils.py", line 68, in DeadlockWrap return function(*_args, **_kwargs) File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 275, in wrapF self.db[key] = value TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None.

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  • Python what's the data structure for triple data

    - by Paul
    I've got a set of data that has three attributes, say A, B, and C, where A is kind of the index (i.e., A is used to look up the other two attributes.) What would be the best data structure for such data? I used two dictionaries, with A as the index of each. However, there's key errors when the query to the data doesn't match any instance of A.

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  • python list/dict property best practice

    - by jterrace
    I have a class object that stores some properties that are lists of other objects. Each of the items in the list has an identifier that can be accessed with the id property. I'd like to be able to read and write from these lists but also be able to access a dictionary keyed by their identifier. Let me illustrate with an example: class Child(object): def __init__(self, id, name): self.id = id self.name = name class Teacher(object): def __init__(self, id, name): self.id = id self.name = name class Classroom(object): def __init__(self, children, teachers): self.children = children self.teachers = teachers classroom = Classroom([Child('389','pete')], [Teacher('829','bob')]) This is a silly example, but it illustrates what I'm trying to do. I'd like to be able to interact with the classroom object like this: #access like a list print classroom.children[0] #append like it's a list classroom.children.append(Child('2344','joe')) #delete from like it's a list classroom.children.pop(0) But I'd also like to be able to access it like it's a dictionary, and the dictionary should be automatically updated when I modify the list: #access like a dict print classroom.childrenById['389'] I realize I could just make it a dict, but I want to avoid code like this: classroom.childrendict[child.id] = child I also might have several of these properties, so I don't want to add functions like addChild, which feels very un-pythonic anyway. Is there a way to somehow subclass dict and/or list and provide all of these functions easily with my class's properties? I'd also like to avoid as much code as possible.

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  • Make python display help screen if no action is given

    - by luckytaxi
    Let's say a user runs the script w/o giving any paramters. How can I make it so that it defaults to ./myscript.py -h so that it shows them the help info? parser = optparse.OptionParser() parser.add_option("-d", "--directory", metavar="DIR", help="Directory to scan for big files") parser.add_option("-e", "--email", metavar='EMAIL', help='email to send the list to') parser.add_option("-l", "--limit", metavar='LIMIT', help='return number of files')

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  • optimize python code

    - by user283405
    i have code that uses BeautifulSoup library for parsing. But it is very slow. The code is written in such a way that threads cannot be used. Can anyone help me about this? I am using beautifulsoup library for parsing and than save in DB. if i comment the save statement, than still it takes time so there is no problem with database. def parse(self,text): soup = BeautifulSoup(text) arr = soup.findAll('tbody') for i in range(0,len(arr)-1): data=Data() soup2 = BeautifulSoup(str(arr[i])) arr2 = soup2.findAll('td') c=0 for j in arr2: if str(j).find("<a href=") > 0: data.sourceURL = self.getAttributeValue(str(j),'<a href="') else: if c == 2: data.Hits=j.renderContents() #and few others... #... c = c+1 data.save() Any suggestions? Note: I already ask this question here but that was closed due to incomplete information.

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